资源简介

2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题
外刊阅读理解训练69
——改编自Racism in Health Care Isn’t Always Obvious
【文章】
Health care providers have always been concerned about how to improve the quality of care given to patients. Nevertheless, they rarely admit to being biased towards their patients, especially in terms of racial bias. However, studies reveal that doctors have an implicit bias level like the wider population when it comes to our patients. This issue of discrimination causes patients' treatment disparities, leading to different healthcare outcomes. In a hypothetical scenario where two individuals present similar symptoms at a medical facility, one being white while the other is Black, the white individual would more likely get the necessary medical attention compared to the Black patient.
Physicians are expected to "do no harm," but statistics show that we are not treating all of our patients equally. Social determinants of health significantly determine health outcomes, but controlling implicit bias can be a good start for medical practitioners towards ensuring that all patients receive equal care. Implicit bias is defined as the unconscious attribution of particular qualities to a member of a social group or class of people. Most healthcare workers are oblivious to their biases, making it difficult to address this issue.
To tackle this problem, healthcare communities must understand their privilege and biases as the first step towards solving the matter. They must recognize that racial bias exists and take essential actions such as requiring implicit bias training for all healthcare providers through initial and ongoing medical certification processes to eliminate the disparities in offering necessary treatments to patients regardless of skin color or socioeconomic status.
In conclusion, it is paramount to identify and eradicate implicit biases towards patients in the healthcare sector. By addressing the issue of implicit bias head-on, we can guarantee all patients receive equitable and quality healthcare services. Healthcare institutions must require implicit bias training for their care providers, examine themselves for biases and conscious efforts to eliminate implicit bias from medical practices. Adequate training and consciousness-raising will help us fulfill our oath to treat all patients without regard to race, creed, or any arbitrary characteristics.
【重点词汇&词组】
1. health care providers（n.）医疗保健提供者
2. improve（v.）改善
3. quality（n.）质量
4. care（n.）护理
5. patients（n.）患者
6. biased（adj.）有偏见的
7. racial（adj.）种族的
8. implicit（adj.）内在的
9. level（n.）水平
10. wider（adj.）更广泛的
11. population（n.）人口
12. discrimination（n.）歧视
13. treatment disparities（n.）治疗差异
14. healthcare outcomes（n.）医疗结果
15. medical facility（n.）医疗设施
16. necessary（adj.）必要的
17. attention（n.）注意力
18. doctors（n.）医生
19. social determinants（n.）社会决定因素
20. controlling（v.）控制
21. unconscious（adj.）无意识的
22. attribution（n.）归属
23. particular qualities（n.）特定的品质
24. member（n.）成员
25. social group（n.）社会群体
26. class of people（n.）人群
27. oblivious（adj.）不注意的
28. addressing（v.）解决
29. privilege（n.）特权
30. biases（n.）偏见
31. recognizing（v.）认识到
32. requiring（v.）要求
33. training（n.）培训
34. healthcare providers（n.）医疗保健提供者
35. initial（adj.）最初的
36. ongoing（adj.）持续的
37. certification processes（n.）认证过程
38. eliminating（v.）消除
39. disparities（n.）差异
40. offering（v.）提供
41. necessary treatments（n.）必要的治疗
42. skin color（n.）肤色
43. socioeconomic status（n.）社会经济地位
44. identifying（v.）确定
45. eradicating（v.）根除
46. head-on（adv.）直面地
47. guaranteeing（v.）保证
48. equitable（adj.）公平的
49. consciousness-raising（n.）意识提高
50. oath（n.）誓言
【阅读理解习题】
1. What is the main concern of healthcare providers in terms of patient care
A. Providing quality healthcare services.
B. Treating patients equally regardless of skin color or socioeconomic status.
C. Understanding racial bias in the healthcare industry.
D. Training healthcare providers to eliminate implicit bias.
Answer: A
中文解析：医疗保健服务提供者一直关心如何提高给患者的医疗质量。
2. How do doctors' implicit biases affect patient treatment
A. It creates different medical outcomes for patients with similar symptoms.
B. It makes it easier to diagnose certain illnesses in specific races.
C. It improves the quality of care given to White patients.
D. It causes all patients to receive equal treatments.
Answer: A
中文解析：医生的隐性偏见会导致患者的治疗不公平，有时即使两个患者有相似的症状，也会出现不同的治疗结果。
3. What is implicit bias
A. The conscious attribution of particular qualities to a member of a social group
B. The unintentional attribution of particular qualities to a member of a social group
C. The subconscious attribution of particular qualities to oneself
D. The inability to recognize one's own biases
Answer: B
中文解析：隐性偏见是指对社会群体或人类阶级的某种特殊品质进行无意识的归因。
4. Why is it difficult to address implicit bias in healthcare workers
A. Healthcare workers lack training on how to recognize their biases.
B. Most healthcare workers are not biased towards their patients.
C. Implicit bias is fully conscious and intentional.
D. Healthcare workers are not aware of the existence of implicit bias.
Answer: A
中文解析：健康保健工作者不了解自己的偏见，因此难以解决这个问题。
5. What must healthcare institutions do to eliminate implicit bias from medical practices
A. Hire more healthcare providers from diverse backgrounds.
B. Mandate implicit bias training for all healthcare providers.
C. Increase funding for medical research.
D. Implement policies that favor certain races or socioeconomic statuses.
Answer: B
中文解析：医疗机构必须为所有医疗服务提供者规定隐性偏见培训课程，以消除医疗实践中的隐性偏见。
6. What is the main message of this article
A. That healthcare providers must address their biases towards patients to ensure equal treatment.
B. That the healthcare industry is inherently discriminatory towards certain races.
C. That social determinants of health significantly determine health outcomes.
D. That healthcare providers need to improve the quality of care given to patients.
Answer: A
中文解析：文章的主要内容是呼吁医疗保健服务提供者认识到他们对患者的偏见，并采取行动确保平等对待所有患者。
7. What is the definition of implicit bias in the article
A. The subconscious attribution of particular qualities to oneself
B. The unconscious attribution of particular qualities to a member of a social group
C. The inability to recognize one's own biases
D. The conscious attribution of particular qualities to a member of a social group
Answer: B
中文解析：隐性偏见是指对社会群体或人类阶级的某种特殊品质进行无意识的归因。
8. What is the solution suggested by the article to address implicit bias in healthcare providers
A. Healthcare institutions must hire more healthcare providers from diverse backgrounds.
B. Healthcare providers must recognize that racial bias exists and take essential actions such as requiring implicit bias training for all healthcare providers.
C. Healthcare providers must rely on conscious efforts to eliminate implicit bias from medical practices.
D. Healthcare institutions must limit themselves to providing care only to certain races or socioeconomic statuses.
Answer: B
中文解析：文章提出很多措施，但主要呼吁医疗保健服务提供者认识到他们对患者的偏见，并采取行动，如要求为所有医疗保健服务提供者提供隐性偏见培训。
【全文逐句对照翻译】
卫生保健提供者一直关注如何提高对患者的护理质量。
Health care providers have always been concerned about how to improve the quality of care given to patients.
然而，他们很少承认自己对病人有偏见，尤其是在种族偏见方面。
Nevertheless, they rarely admit to being biased towards their patients, especially in terms of racial bias.
然而，研究表明，当涉及到我们的病人时，医生和更广泛的人群一样存在隐性偏见。
However, studies reveal that doctors have an implicit bias level like the wider population when it comes to our patients.
这一歧视问题导致患者的治疗差异，导致不同的医疗保健结果。
This issue of discrimination causes patients' treatment disparities, leading to different healthcare outcomes.
在一个假设的场景中，两个人在医疗机构表现出相似的症状，一个是白人，另一个是黑人，与黑人病人相比，白人病人更有可能得到必要的医疗照顾。
In a hypothetical scenario where two individuals present similar symptoms at a medical facility, one being white while the other is Black, the white individual would more likely get the necessary medical attention compared to the Black patient.
医生被期望“不伤害”，但统计数据显示，我们并没有平等地对待所有的病人。
Physicians are expected to "do no harm," but statistics show that we are not treating all of our patients equally.
健康的社会决定因素在很大程度上决定了健康结果，但控制内隐偏见可以成为医疗从业者确保所有患者获得平等护理的良好开端。
Social determinants of health significantly determine health outcomes, but controlling implicit bias can be a good start for medical practitioners towards ensuring that all patients receive equal care.
内隐偏见被定义为无意识地将特定品质归因到社会群体或阶层的人身上。
Implicit bias is defined as the unconscious attribution of particular qualities to a member of a social group or class of people.
大多数医护人员都没有意识到自己的偏见，因此很难解决这个问题。
Most healthcare workers are oblivious to their biases, making it difficult to address this issue.
为了解决这个问题，医疗保健社区必须了解他们的特权和偏见，这是解决问题的第一步。
To tackle this problem, healthcare communities must understand their privilege and biases as the first step towards solving the matter.
他们必须认识到存在种族偏见，并采取必要行动，例如要求所有医疗保健提供者通过初始和持续的医疗认证程序进行隐性偏见培训，以消除在向患者提供必要治疗方面的差异，无论其肤色或社会经济地位如何。
They must recognize that racial bias exists and take essential actions such as requiring implicit bias training for all healthcare providers through initial and ongoing medical certification processes to eliminate the disparities in offering necessary treatments to patients regardless of skin color or socioeconomic status.
总之，识别和消除医疗保健部门对患者的隐性偏见是至关重要的。
In conclusion, it is paramount to identify and eradicate implicit biases towards patients in the healthcare sector.
通过正面解决隐性偏见问题，我们可以保证所有患者获得公平和优质的医疗保健服务。
By addressing the issue of implicit bias head-on, we can guarantee all patients receive equitable and quality healthcare services.
医疗机构必须要求对其护理提供者进行内隐偏见培训，检查自己是否存在偏见，并有意识地努力消除医疗实践中的内隐偏见。
Healthcare institutions must require implicit bias training for their care providers, examine themselves for biases and conscious efforts to eliminate implicit bias from medical practices.
充分的培训和意识的提高将帮助我们履行我们的誓言，不考虑种族、信仰或任何武断的特征，治疗所有患者。
Adequate training and consciousness-raising will help us fulfill our oath to treat all patients without regard to race, creed, or any arbitrary characteristics.

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