资源简介

(共67张PPT)
Unit 4 Grammar and Usage
Past Participle 过去分词
Past Participle
as attributives, adverbials and object complements
The Little Match Girl
Read the following story and pay attention to the words in red.
It was snowing and very cold outside. A little girl was walking in the street, selling matches.
She didn’t wear any shoes because she had her shoes_____(lose).
lost
She wished all her matches (sell) but nobody bought a single one.
sold
She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs __________.
(huddle up 蜷缩在一起)
huddled up
huddled up
She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree ________ (decorate)with many gifts.
decorated
The ______ (light) match was burning brightly and she seemed very delighted.
lighted
The next day, people saw the girl _______(freeze )to death. What a poor girl !
frozen
Find verb-ed forms in the article and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you.
We should know the difference between verb-ed and the past form in the past tense.
Verb-ed form as an attributive something produced by the mould
Verb-ed form as an adverbial
Verb-ed form as an object complement
Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests.
get its mass production started
the prepared mind
谓语
非谓语
谓语
非谓语
谓语
非谓语
Working out the rules
A verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) _____________ (active/passive) meaning.
A verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun. It modifies the noun like a(n) _____________ (relative clause/ adverbial clause).
A verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement.
passive
relative clause
一、过去分词的构成及意义
基本形式 构成 意义
一般式
完成式
否定式
被动式
done
与句中的主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表示动作已经完成。
无
无
not done
二、过去分词的句法功能
past participle as attributives
过去分词作定语， 与所修饰的词构成被动关系。
1. 单个V-ed作定语通常前置
a. 及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 一般兼有被动和完成的意义。
b. 不及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 有主动和完成意义。
a grown woman 一位成年妇女
a broken cup 一个破杯子
= a cup that has been broken
= a woman that has grown
the color TV set produced last year
= the color TV set that was produced last year
去年生产的彩色电视机
2. V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
3. V-ed有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。
The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.
=The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.
去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。
1. Most of the people (invite) to the party are famous scientists.
2. The EMS (post) yesterday will reach my brother in three days.
3. There has been nothing (change) here since I left this city.
4. The _________ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so.
invited
posted
changed
Practice
surprised
1.单个的过去分词作定语,放在被修饰词的______（left除外）。
2.过去分词短语则放在被修饰词的______，相当于一个定语从句。
3.过去分词作定语，表示_______和_____ __的意思。表示动作已经完成。
4.过去分词作定语也可以用作非限制性定语，前后用_______隔开。
前面
被动
完成
逗号
后面
5.有些过去分词已转化成形容词，表示“感到……的”，通常用来修饰人。常用的此类词有：excited, amazed, astonished, shocked, puzzled, confused, disappointed, pleased, bored, tired, touched, moved, interested, frightened等。
情感类动词
过去分词与现在分词作定语，有何区别？
fallen leaves
falling leaves
disappointing news
disappointed people
令人失望的消息
感到失望的人们
exciting story
excited people
激动人心的故事
(感到)激动的人们
情感动词的V-ing表 “令人…...” , V-ed 表 “感到…...”
past participle
as adverbials
过去分词作状语，表示被动或完成，其逻辑主语与主句的主语要保持一致。
_______( build) in Qin Dynasty, the Great Wall has a long history. ________(see) from the sky, it looks like a huge dragon.
What building is it
the Great Wall
Built
Seen
_______(belove)by Chinese people, Xi Jinping was chosen to be chairman of China in 2013.
President Xi Jinping
Who is he
Beloved
An actor whose famous lines(台词） are:
________(give) another chance by God, I would tell her, “I love you.” If there had to be a limit of time, I hope it would be ten thousand years…
Who is he
Zhou Xingchi
Given
Mr. Wolf is a character of a cartoon made in China. He said, “________(beat) by the sheep over and over again, I would come back again.”
Who is he
Mr. Wolf
Beaten
1. Built in Qin Dynasty, the Great Wall has a long history.
2. Seen from the sky, it looks like a huge dragon.
3. Beloved by Chinese people, he was chosen to be chairman of China.
4. Given another chance by God, I would tell her, “I love you.”
5. Beaten by the sheep over and over again, I would come back again
（原因状语）
（原因状语）
（条件状语）
（When it is）
（If I were ）
观察并讨论下列句中划线部分的作用。
（让步状语）
（Though I was）
（Because he was）
（Because it was）
（时间状语）
动词-ed形式作___________
过去分词短语在句中可充当 _________、 _________、 _________、 _________、 _____________ 等，相当于一个 _____从句或 ________________。
时间状语
原因状语
条件状语
让步状语
伴随、方式状语
状语
状语
并列谓语动词
对比：
The teacher went into the classroom, followed by several students.
The teacher went into the classroom, following several students.
特别提醒：
Given more time, he could finish the task.
Given more time, I think he could finish the task.
动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。
( √ )
(×)
Challenge yourselves
He went out, ________(shut) the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not ________ (know) what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
shutting
knowing
_____ (give) more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。
_____ (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。
Given
Faced
_______ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
________(read) carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.
他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
______________ (finish) his homework, he went home.
完成了作业，他就回家了。
Written
Reading
Having finished
从上面看,体育场好似一个鸟巢。
____ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
A. Seeing B. Seen
从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。
____ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.
A. Seeing B. Seen
past participle
as object complements
V-ed作宾语补足语表示被动或完成的意义。
V-ed与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
1. 使役动词
如：make, have, get, keep, leave等。
① You'd better keep the guests _______ (inform) of what happened outside.
② We're having our car ______ (repair).
③ I'm trying to get this article _______ (write) for Thursday.
④ She had to shout to make herself _______ (hear) above the sound of the music.
informed
repaired
written
heard
2.感官动词
如 observe,watch, notice, see, look at, hear, listen to, feel, find
e.g. When we got to school, we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
3.with的复合结构（with + 宾语 +宾补）。
e.g. With everything bought, they left the supermarket.
With the matter settled, we all went home.
过去分词表示宾语与宾补构成被动关系或动作已完成
在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
1. (1)_________from the top of a hill, the city is more beautiful .
(2)________ from the top of a hill, you’ll find the city more beautiful.（see）
2. (1) by Hank, we entered the dining room.
(2) Hank, we entered the dining room. (follow)
Practice
Seeing
Seen
Following
Followed
Practice
3.(1)The question now at the meeting is very important.
(2)The question at the meeting last week is very important.
(3)The question at the meeting next week is very important.
(4)The question last week at the meeting. (discuss)
being discussed
discussed
to be discussed
was discussed
Practice
4.(1)We were watching TV when we heard the door___________.
(2)We were watching TV when we heard someone ___________ at the door.
(3)We noticed him_________ the door just now. (knock)
knocking
knocked
knock
Applying the rules
Task5.
Rewrite the following sentences using a verb-ed form as an attributives, adverbial or object complement.
1. The scientist who has been highly praised won an award.
The highly praised scientist won an award.
2. The experiment that is mentioned in your article is interesting.
3. The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new medicine.
The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting.
Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered.
4. The scientist found that the equipment in the laboratory had been destroyed.
5. Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for future
research.
The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed.
Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research.
1. The highly praised scientist won an award.
2. The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting.
3. Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered.
4. The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed.
5. Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research.
After being rewritten, in sentences _______, the verb-ed forms are used as attributives; in sentences _______, the verb-ed forms are used as adverbials; in sentences _______, the verb-ed forms are used as object cpmplement.
1,2
3,5
4
Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist, writer, printer, inventor and politician. As a scientist, he was well known for his kite experiment. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning _____________ (interest) for years, believing it was actually electricity. He designed an experiment to prove his theory.
He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to earth.
interesting
________ (know) it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon ________ (tie) to the end of it. He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go through his body. Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. ___________ (conduct) on a stormy day in 1752, his experiment proved lightning really was just electricity.
Knowing
tied
Conducted
Franklin had his theory _________ (accept) by many people. However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, __________ (argue) that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock. Whatever the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity.
arguing
accepted
Task6.
I. Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms.
1. The museum which was built in 1900 is still in excellent
condition.
The museum _______________ is still in excellent condition.
2. The seats which are reserved for the disabled are just near the entrance.
The seats ______________________ are just near the entrance.
3. After he was encouraged by what Jane said, Peter walked to the centre of the stage.
__________________________, Peter walked to the centre of
the stage.
built in 1900
reserved for the disabled
Encouraged by what Jane said
page 76
4. Unless I am invited, I won’t go to Jack’s graduation party.
_______________, I won’t go to Jack's graduation party.
5. When I got there, I noticed the car was stuck in the snow.
When I got there, I noticed __________________ in the snow.
6. When they were inspired by the young man, they decided to go out and explore the woods.
______________________, they decided to go out and explore the woods.
Unless invited
the car stuck
Inspired by the yound man
7. They broke down the door to reach the people who were locked inside.
They broke down the door to reach the people_____________.
8. If I was given more time, I would be able to finish the task.
_________________, I would be able to finish the task.
locked inside
Given more time
1. They make great gifts and you see them
many times 65. (decorate) with
red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
（2020 全国卷II）
decorated
2. Technological innovations, ______ good
marketing, will promote the sales of these
products. （2020 江苏卷）
A. combined with B. combining with
C. having combined with D. to be combined with
A
非谓语
不定式
动名词
分词
带to
不带to
现在分词
过去分词
to do
do
V-ing
V-ing
V-ed
动词 ing 形式
不能单独作谓语，可以作除谓语的其他句子成分
【拓展】
surrounding adj. (作定语)周围的; 附近的
surroundings n. (pl.) 环境(同environment)
单句语法填空。
And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69.____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. (2020 全国卷III)
surrounding
【用法】
indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指示……
indicate that ... 指示……；表明……
【拓展】
indication n. 象征; 显示; 标示
There is no indication that... 无迹象表明……
There are some indications that...
有迹象表明……
eg There are clear indications that the economy is
improving.
3. Fortune favours the prepared mind.
幸运眷顾有准备的人。
favour v. to treat sb better than you treat other people, especially in an unfair way 偏袒
to prefer one system, plan, way of doing sth, etc. to
another 支持，赞同
to provide suitable conditions for a particular person,
group, etc. 有利于，有助于
eg The current economy does not favour the development of
small businesses.
It remains to be seen if the show will still find favour with a
1990s audience...
【拓展】
n. 恩惠; 照顾; 好意; 关心; 支持
do sb. a favour 帮某人忙
ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
win sb.’s favour 得到某人的欢心/好感
in favour 得宠
out of favour 失宠
in favour of 赞成; 支持; 有利于
4. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would
charge the key.
charge v. ① to ask an amount of money for goods or a service 收费
② to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court 控诉
③ to pass electricity through sth so that it is stored there
充电
eg The restaurant charged 20 for dinner.
Several people were arrested but nobody was charged.
Before use, the battery must be charged.
【用法】
charge sb. for 为……向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth. = accuse sb. of
控告某人(做)某事
【拓展】
n. 费用; 主管
take charge of 掌管；负责……
in charge of 主管，负责……
in/under the charge of 由……负责
free of charge 免费
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) Your order will be delivered _____________ (免费) within a ten mile limit.
2) They charged me five dollars ______ a cup of coffee.
3) The project is ________________ (在……掌管之下) an experienced engineer.
4) The man arrested by the police ________________ (被指控) stealing.
was charged with
free of charge
for
in the charge of
1.She didn’t wear any shoes because she had her shoes lost..
2.She wished all her matches sold but nobody bought a single one.
3.She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs huddled up .
4.She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated with many gifts.
5.The lighted match was burning brightly and she seemed very delighted.
6.The next day, people saw the girl frozen to death. What a poor girl!
What functions do the words in red work as
宾补
宾补
宾补
定语
定语
宾补

展开更多......

收起↑