2023年初中英语学习语法冲刺复习之【疑问句】

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2023年初中英语学习语法冲刺复习之【疑问句】

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2023年初中英语学习语法冲刺复习之【疑问句】
疑问句分为四种:
1一般疑问句:Does Mr.Green come from America
格林先生是来自美国吗
2特殊疑问句:What day is it today
今天是星期几
3选择疑问句:Is he a teacher or a cook
他老师还是厨师
4反意疑问句:You agree with him, don't you
你同意他的意见,是吗
【一般疑问句】
一般疑问句要把各种助动词放在句首,读时用升调,回答以yes和no开始,也可以视情况灵活回答。
--Do you work in that lawyer's office
--No, I don't work there.
--你是在那家律师事务所上班吗
--不,我不在那儿上班。
--Have you finished your homework
--No, not yet.
--你做完作业了吗
--还没有。
--Shall I bring you a cup of coffee Yes, please.
--我给你拿一杯咖啡来好吗 好吧。
--Can you wait here for me for a moment
--Certainly.
--你能在这里等我一会吗 可以。
--Must we set off tomorrow
No, you needn't.
--我们必须明天出发吗
不,不必。
--Will you be able to give me an answer today
--It's hard to say.
--你今天能答复我吗
--很难说。
--Is the boy's answer correct
--Sorry, I have no idea.
--这男孩的回答是正确的吗
--对不起,我不知道。
一般疑问句有时也以否定形式出现,用以表示赞赏、责备等带有感彩的意思或者表示 提出看法、意见和建议等。
Didn't I tell you how to do it
难道我没告诉你应该怎么做吗
Won't you come to my birthday party
你难道不会来参加我的生日晚会吗
Hasn't your son grown!
你的儿子又高了一大截!
Don't you believe she will get married to that old man
你难道不相信她会嫁给那个老头
【特殊疑问句】
特殊疑问句的构成有两种:
①疑问代词(作主语)+陈述语序
②疑问代词(非主语)或疑问副词+一般疑问句
特殊问句的朗读用降调,回答时不用yes或no。
常用的疑问代词为who和what;疑问副词有when,where,why,how,how many,how much, how long,how often,how far等等;疑问形容词为which。
①疑问代词(作主语)+陈述语序
Who is going to take part in the sports meet of the school
谁要参加学校的运动会
Who broke the glass of the window
谁把这个窗户的玻璃打碎了
What is in the sky
天上那是什么东西
What made him crazy on playing football
是什么让他对踢足球这么着迷
②疑问代词(非主语)或疑问副词+一般疑问句
Who are you looking for
你在找谁
What can you see on the screen
在屏幕上能看见什么
When will you be back
你什么时候回来
Where do you usually go for a walk
你们通常去哪里散步
Why did you refuse to attend that meeting
你为什么拒绝参加那个会议
Which dictionary do you prefer
你想要哪一本词典
How did she get home yesterday
她昨天是怎么回家的
How often does he go to see his parents
他多长时间去看他父母一次
How much is this pair of shoes
这双鞋多少钱
How far is it from the school to your home
学校离你家有多远
How heavy are you (is he/she)
你(他、她)有多重 (或:你(他、她)体重多少 )
Whose car is it It's Jack's.
这是谁的车 是杰克的。
巧记特殊疑问句
What 用途真广泛,要问“什么”它当先,(What's this ).问“姓名”“职业”也在前,问“时间”(What's the time )How开头来"问安",(How are you )Who问"谁",(Who's that man ).谁的"Whose"来承担.(Whose book is this )询问某地用"Where",(Where is the book )"哪一个"Which句首站。(Which one )
【选择疑问句】
要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况选择其一的问句,叫选择疑问句。
选择问句的两种或多种情况用or连接,语调先升后降,回答时不用yes或no。
选择问句有两种:一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。
① 一般选择问句
Did you solve the problem in this way or (in) that way
你是用这种还是那种方法解决那难题的
I did it in that way.
我用那种方法解决的。
Is this a horse or a donkey
这是马还是驴
It's a donkey.
是驴。
Will you come to me or I'll go to your home
你来找我呢,还是我去你家
I'll go to your home.
我去找你吧。
②特殊选择问句。
Which is longer, the Yangtze River or the Nile
长江和尼罗河,哪一条更长些
When will you go abroad, this year or next year
你什么时候出国,今年还是明年
Who did you talk to, Mr. Li or Miss Wang
你跟谁谈的,李先生还是王小姐
【反意疑问句】
陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句,这种结构的句子叫反意疑问句。反意问句的 否定句必须用缩略形式,主语必须用人称代词,不能用名词。反意问句的前一部分用降调, 后一部分在表示疑问时用升调,表示强调某种意思时用降调。
1前一部分为肯定式,后一部分为否定式。
(1)be 动词句型的反意问句:
This magazine is yours, isn't it
这本杂志是你的,不是吗
Your mother was a typiest in this company last year, wasn't she
你母亲去年在这个公司当过打字员,不是吗
(2)一般行为动词句型的反意问句:
She likes eating fish, doesn't she
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn't.
她喜欢吃鱼,不是吗
是的,她喜欢。/不,她不喜欢。
Your parents will come to see you soon, won't they
Yes, they will.
No, they won't.
你父母很快就会来看你的,不是吗
是的。
不,他们不来看我。
(3)情态动词的反意疑问句:
A dog can swim, can't it
Yes, it can.
No, it can't.
狗会游泳,不是吗
是的。
不。
注意:动词have作“有”解时,它的反意疑问句两种形式都可以:
She has much homework to do, hasn't she
(=She has much homework to do, doesn't she )
她有许多作业要做,不是吗
当have作其他含义解时,如“吃”,“开会”,“让”等时,只能用do或does来表示。例 如:
The boy has two eggs, a few pieces of bread and a glass of milk, doesn't he
这个男孩吃了两个鸡蛋、几片面包和一杯牛奶,不是吗
The had a meeting yesterday, didn't they
他们昨天开了个会,不是吗
2前一部分为否定式,后一部分为肯定式。
这一类句子的回答,与汉语习惯有很大不同。回答这种问句,要按照实际情况,而不要考虑 yes和no。如果答案是肯定的,就用yes;如果是否定的,就用no。
She doesn't enjoy fish, does she
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn't.
她不喜欢吃鱼,是吗
不,她喜欢吃鱼。
是的, 她不喜欢。
You haven't been to Huangshan Mountain, have you
你没去过黄山,是吧
Yes, I have.
No, I haven't.
不,我去过。
是的,我没去过。
You didn't hand in your homework yesterday, did you
你昨天没交作业,是吗
Yes, I did.
No, I didn't.
不,我交了。
是的,我没交。
【反意疑问句】
其他类型的反意疑问句。
(1)祈使句的反意疑问句:
①在表示肯定的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,以使语气听起来婉转、客气,而实际并不存在反意的关系。
Have a cup of coffee, will you
喝杯咖啡,怎么样
Do me a favour, won't you
请帮我个忙,好吗
②在Let's祈使句后加上“shall we ”或“Shan't we ”在“Let me(her, him)”后加上“will you ”或“won't you ”。
Let's go swimming, shall we
咱们去游泳,好吗
Let's go and see what's happening, shall we
让我们过去看看发生了什么事,好吗
Let her sing us a song, will you
让她给我们唱一首歌,(您说)行吗
注意:有一类动词,如hate,dislike,disagree等,虽然含有讨厌 、不喜欢、不同意等否定的意思,但仍要按照肯定句来处理。例如:
You dislike biology, don't you
你不喜欢生物,是吗
Yes, I do.
No, I don't.
是的,我不喜欢。
不,我喜欢。
(2)当前面陈述部分含有表示否定意思的词,如never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nobody,no one,nothing,neither等,后面的疑问部分要用肯定式。
He never help others, does he
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn't.
他从不帮助别人,是吗
不,他帮助别人。
是的, 他不帮。
No one can do this job, can he (they)
Yes, he (they) can.
No, he (they) can't.
没人能干这活儿,是吗
不,有人会干。
是的,没人会干。
反意疑问语的语调
语的语调
反意问句两语调,升调降调用法妙。加强语气降调用,表示疑问语调升。
(3)陈述部分为主从复合句时,疑问部分的谓语应该与主句谓语一致。
You don't mind if I smoke here, do you
Yes, I do.
No, I don't.
你不介意我在这儿抽根烟,是吗
不,我介意。
是的,我 不介意。
注意:如果陈述部分是“I don't think (believe...)+宾语从句”时,疑问部分之中的动词和主语应与宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致,并用肯定形式 。
I don't think you are successful, are you
我认为你并没有成功,不是吗
I don't believe she has cheated you of that sum of money, has she
我相信她没有骗你那一笔钱,是吧
(4)陈述部分是“there be”结构时,疑问部分用there而将主语代词省略。
There is something nice on my bed, isn't there
Yes, there is.
No, the re isn't.
我的床上有好东西,是吗
是的,有好东西。
不,没有。
(5)陈述部分含有不定代词everyone,someone,anyone,no one作主语时,疑问部分主语用 they;陈述部分含有everything,something,anything,nothing时,疑问部分用it。
Everyone in your family likes to listen to the music, don't they
你们家每个人都喜欢听音乐,是不是
No one knows about it, do they
没人知道这件事,是吧
Everything here is messy, isn't it
这里所有的东西都乱七八糟的,是不是
Nothing is necessary now, is it
现在一切都没有必要了,对吧
(6)感叹句的反意疑问句:
感叹句的反意疑问句须用be动词的现在时,对人用he或you;对事物用it,疑问部分必须 用否定形式。
What a fine day, isn't it
多么好的天气啊,是不是
What a foolish man, isn't he
多么蠢的家伙,是不是

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