中考冲刺之——单项选择之非谓语动词篇(含解析)

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

中考冲刺之——单项选择之非谓语动词篇(含解析)

资源简介

中考冲刺之——单项选择之非谓语动词篇
构成:to + 动词原形
动词不定式
作用:作除谓语外的任何成分
构成:v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)
动词的非谓语形式 分词
作用:表、定、状、补
构成:v.-ing
动名词
作用:主、宾、表、定
考点 用法
动词不定式(to do) ① 基本形式:to+动词原形否定形式:not + to + 动词原形※ 有些情况下to要省略。② 句法功能:作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。③ 不定式和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个名词性从句。
动名词 ① 基本形式:动词原形 + -ing② 句法功能:动名词主要起名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。
动词不定式和动名词的区别 ① 有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式,又可跟动名词作宾语,意义有所区别。② 有些动词后面只能跟动词不定式作宾语,有些则只能跟动名词作宾语。
一、非谓语动词的考查内容主要有动词不定式和动词- ing
两种形式。动词不定式主要考查其作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语及"疑问词+不定式"等的用法;动词 -ing形式主要考查其作主语、表语、宾语、定语等用法。
二、分析近几年中考真题对非谓语动词的考查可以发现,动词不定式是高频考点,动名词为轮考点。对动词不定式的考查主要在单项填空中考查其作目的状语和固定搭配的用法。
1.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Whether sportsmen, sportswomen or volunteers, people used their skills and warmth ________ the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.
A.make B.making C.made D.to make
【答案】D
【详解】句意:无论是男运动员、女运动员还是志愿者,人们都用自己的技能和热情使2022年北京冬奥会取得了辉煌的成功。考查非谓语动词。根据“people used their skills and warmth…the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.”可知,人们用自己的技能和热情的目的是让2022北京冬奥会取得成功,此处为不定式表目的。故选D。
2.(2022·上海·中考真题)The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country.
A.sell B.selling C.to sell D.sold
【答案】C
【详解】句意:互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语enable sb to do sth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。
3.(2022·江苏盐城·中考真题)Good news comes that China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space ________ the unknown world.
A.explore B.explored C.exploring D.to explore
【答案】D
【详解】句意:好消息来了,中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空去探索未知的世界。考查非谓语动词。explore探索,动词原形;explored探索,动词过去式或过去分词;exploring探索,动名词或现在分词;to explore探索,动词不定式。根据“China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space”和“the unknown world”可知,中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空,其目的是探索未知的世界,动词不定式表目的。故选D。
4.(2022·吉林长春·中考真题)________ heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.
A.To avoid B.Avoid C.Avoiding D.Avoided
【答案】A
【详解】句意:为了避免交通拥挤,请早点起床出发。考查非谓语动词。根据“heavy traffic, please get up and set out early”可知,早点起床出发的目的是为了避免交通拥挤,用动词不定式表目的,故选A。
5.(2022·湖南株洲·中考真题)________ a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other.
A.Create B.To create C.Creating
【答案】B
【详解】句意:为了创造一个共享未来,我们应该向彼此学习并帮助彼此。
考查不定式用法。create创造。选项A是动词原形;选项B是动词不定式;选项C是动词的ing形式。空格上需填一个动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了”。故选B。
6.(2022·广西玉林·中考真题)—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.  
A.swim; to follow B.swim; following
C.swimming; following D.swimming; to follow
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——安全第一! 每个人都应该阻止孩子们在湖里或河里游泳。——生命是宝贵的。 孩子们必须记住遵守校规。考查非谓语动词。stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”,动名词作宾语,排除AB;remember to do sth.“记得要做某事”,remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”;根据“Kids must remember...the school rules”可知是记得要遵守规则,故此处用动词不定式作宾语,排除C。故选D。
7.(2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题)— Hou can I prevent COVID-19, Dad
—________ healthy, you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.
A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep
【答案】C
【详解】句意:爸爸,我该如何预防新冠病毒?——为了保持健康,你应该经常戴口罩,经常洗手。考查非谓语动词。空处是动词不定式做目的状语。故选C。
8.(2022·西藏·中考真题)________ too much sweet food will make people get fat.
A.Eating B.Eats C.Eat D.Ate
【答案】A
【详解】句意:吃太多甜食会使人发胖。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处在句中作主语,应填动名词,故选A。
9.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Most teenagers like humorous TV shows.
—Me too. I can’t help ________ when I watch them.
A.laughing B.to laugh C.laughed D.laugh
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——大多数青少年喜欢幽默的电视节目。——我也是。当我看他们的时候,我忍不住笑了。
考查非谓语动词。根据“I can’t help …when I watch them.”可知,can’t help doing sth“忍不住要做某事”。故选A。
10.(2022·上海·中考真题)The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day.
A.practise B.practising C.to practise D.practised
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”,应用动名词作宾语。故选B。
11.(2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题)There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________.
A.whether, read B.if; to read C.that; reading D.as; being read
【答案】C
【详解】句意:毫无疑问,《哈利波特》值得一读。考查宾语从句。doubt用在否定句中,引导词用that,there is no doubt that“毫无疑问……”,固定句型;be worth doing sth“值得做某事”,故选C。
12.(2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题)An old man ________ on the side of the road was found ________, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A.lies; dies B.lay; died C.lain; dead D.lying; dying
【答案】D
【详解】句意:一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息,他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医院。考查词义辨析。lies说谎,躺;lay躺(过去式)或放置(动词原形);lain躺(过去分词);lying躺(现在分词)或说谎(现在分词)。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”,用现在分词作定语。dies死亡,动词三单;died死亡,动词过去式;dead死亡的,形容词;dying垂死的,形容词。根据“he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可知,还有生命体征,处于垂死边缘,第二空应填形容词dying,故选D。
13.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room.
A.dance B.dancing C.to dance
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我经过她的房间时,我看到莉莉在跳舞。考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”;see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。根据“when I passed her room.”可知,此处是指看到莉莉正在跳舞。故选B。
14.(2022·贵州黔西·中考真题)Most of the students are looking forward to ________ themselves after the exams.
A.work B.working C.relax D.relaxing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:大多数学生都期待着考试后放松自己。考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。work工作;relax放松。根据“after the exams.”可知,考试过后应该是放松,可排除AB选项;固定短语look forward to doing sth.“期待着做某事”。故选D。
15.(2022·广西河池·中考真题)I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A.read B.reading C.reads D.to read
【答案】B
【详解】句意:周末我通常在图书馆看书。本题考查动词spend的用法。“花费时间做某事”的英文表达为“spend time (in) doing”,所以应选择动名词形式reading。故选B。
非谓语动词解题七大原则
原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式。
原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用-ing。
原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing或不定式,其区别是,一般用-ing,表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之外。
原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用-ing的被动式。
原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。
原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式)。
原则七:用于名词后作定语时:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用-ing,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作被动、完成。
1.(2023·山东青岛·校联考一模)I must go now, I promised ______ late.
A.not being B.not be C.not to be D.I won’t be
2.(2023·辽宁大连·统考一模)Let’s have a break. We will meet later ________ the problem again.
A.discuss B.discussed C.discussing D.to discuss
3.(2022·广西柳州·统考三模)Can the students use the ways they enjoy ________ the passage
A.read B.reading C.to read
4.(2023·山东滨州·统考一模)—How can I prevent the flu, Dad
—________ healthy, you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.
A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep D.In order that
5.(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)It doesn’t take much ________ the water supply system of your home.
A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.to improving
6.(2023·广西崇左·统考一模)It’s no use _______ over spilt milk.
A.cry B.to cry C.crying
7.(2023·云南昆明·昆明八中校考二模)—My mother won’t let me ________ TV on school days.
—Maybe she’s right. You should spend more time on your study.
A.watch B.watched C.watching D.to watch
8.(2023·江苏盐城·统考一模)________ our dream, we should work hard and never give up.
A.Achieve B.Achieved C.Achieving D.To achieve
9.(2023·湖南岳阳·统考一模)I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A.read B.reading C.to read
10.(2022·江苏苏州·校考一模)He devoted what he paid attention ________ it possible for women ________ better education.
A.to making; to receive B.to making; to receiving C.to to making; to receive D.to to making; receive
11.(2023·河北邯郸·统考一模)—Do you remember the astronauts ______ you classes in the space station
—They are Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.
A.give B.giving C.to give D.gave
12.(2023·湖南岳阳·统考一模)It is important to avoid ________ time and make good use of every minute.
A.wasting B.to waste C.wasted
13.(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)China has worked with African countries ________ climate change and protect the environment.
A.fight B.to fight C.fighting D.fought
14.(2023·上海闵行·统考二模)Not only children but also adults desire ________ to the amusement park for fun.
A.go B.to go C.went D.going
15.(2023·上海闵行·统考二模)Alice has a good temper. She always avoids ________ with other students.
A.to argue B.argue C.argues D.arguing
参考答案:
1.C
【详解】句意:我现在必须走了,我答应过不迟到的。考查动词不定式和时态。promise (not) to do sth.“承诺(不)做某事”,所以排除A和B;promise后可接宾语从句,根据“I promised”可知,主句为一般过去时,从句应用过去将来时,D项时态为一般将来时,不符合语境。故选C。
2.D
【详解】句意:让我们休息一下。等会儿我们会再次碰面去讨论这个问题。考查动词不定式。根据“We will meet later”可知,句子已有谓语动词,这里用非谓语动词,根据句子,可知碰面是为了讨论问题。表目的,用动词不定式。故选D。
3.C
【详解】句意:学生可以用他们喜欢的方式阅读文章吗?考查非谓语动词。read阅读,动词;use sth. to do sth.“用某物做某事”,固定短语。故选C。
4.C
【详解】句意:——爸爸,我该如何预防流感?——为了保持健康,你应该经常戴口罩,经常洗手。
考查非谓语动词。Keep保持,动词原形;Keeping保持,现在分词;To keep保持,不定式表目的;In order that为了,后加句子。根据“healthy”可知是为了保持健康,空格处应用动词不定式做目的状语。故选C。
5.B
【详解】句意:改善你家的供水系统不需要花太多的钱。考查非谓语动词。根据“It doesn’t take much...the water supply system of your home.”可知,此处可用句式It takes+时间/金钱+to do sth.“花费时间或金钱做某事”,所以空处应是动词不定式to improve。故选B。
6.C
【详解】句意:覆水难收,哭也没用。考查非谓语动词。it is no use doing sth表示“做某事没有用”,固定短语。故选C。
7.A
【详解】句意:——我妈妈不让我在上学的日子看电视。——也许她是对的。你应该花更多的时间在学习上。考查非谓语动词。let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,固定搭配。故选A。
8.D
【详解】句意:为了实现我们的梦想,我们应该努力工作,永不放弃。考查动词形式。Achieve“取得”,动词原形;Achieved“取得”,动词过去式;Achieving“取得”,动词现在分词;To achieve“取得”,to do不不定式。此空为不定式做目的状语。故选D。
9.B
【详解】句意:我通常在周末花时间在图书馆读书。考查动名词。根据“I usually spend time...”可知,此处是sb. spend time doing sth.“某人花费时间做某事”,所以空处应是动名词reading。故选B。
10.C
【详解】句意:他致力于他所关注的去使得妇女接受更好的教育成为可能。考查动名词和不定式结构。第一空“pay attention to”是固定搭配,意为“注意”;devote to doing“全身心投入到做某事”,因此第一空应是to to making;第二空是不定式结构to receive作真正宾语,it作形式宾语。故选C。
11.B
【详解】句意:——你还记得在空间站里给你上课的宇航员吗?——他们是翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富。
考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知此处是指“给你上课的宇航员”,所以空处和“you classes”是一起作后置定语修饰名词astronauts。the astronauts (who are) giving you classes这里加上who are则变为定语从句,省略则为现在分词作定语。故选B。
12.A
【详解】句意:避免浪费时间,充分利用每一分钟是很重要的。考查非谓语动词。根据avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”可知,此处要用动名词形式。故选A。
13.B
【详解】句意:中国与非洲国家一道努力应对气候变化,保护环境。考查非谓语动词。“China has worked with African countries”的目的是“fight climate change and protect the environment”,作目的状语用动词不定式。故选B。
14.B
【详解】句意:不仅孩子们而且成年人都想去游乐园玩。考查非谓语动词。desire to do sth“渴望做某事”,固定短语,所以空处用动词不定式,故选B。
15.D
【详解】句意:爱丽丝的脾气很好。她总是避免和其他学生争论。考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth“避免做某事”,固定短语,所以空处用动名词作宾语,故选D。
1.The suspect refused ________ any question until his lawyer arrived.
A.answer B.answering C.to answer D.to answering
2.Follow the instructions seriously, and you can avoid ________ into trouble at work.
A.get B.to get C.getting D.to getting
3.I spent as much time as I could ________ him with his English.
A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped
4.—What should I do ________ stupid mistakes in the Chinese exam
—Read the instructions carefully before answering the questions.
A.avoid make B.to avoid make C.avoid making D.to avoid making
5.If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on ________ every day.
A.improve, to practice B.improved, practicing
C.improving, to practice. D.to improve, practicing
6.The painting is really valuable to her. She will never agree ________ it.
A.sells B.sell C.to sell D.sold
7.________ time, we went to Shanghai by plane.
A.Save B.To Save C.Saving D.To saving
8.Environmental protection groups have advised governments ________ laws for all ocean life.
A.to developing B.to develop C.developing D.develop
9.It’s difficult for me ________ the cows.
A.milk B.to milk C.milking
10.The career he devoted himself to ________ him ________ by people all over the world.
A.made; remembered B.making; remember
C.making; was remembered D.made; to remember
11.The boy offered ________ his seat to the elderly man.
A.gives B.to give C.gave D.giving
12.—Mum, I am not good at writing English compositions. I almost lose my confidence.
—Please don’t expect _________ everything when you study. After all, practice makes perfect.
A.to do well in B.being good at C.to be good with
13.________ with gasoline cars, electric cars are more energy saving, making them cheaper to operate.
A.Compared B.To compare C.Comparing D.Compare
14.Let us discuss _______.
A.how to do it B.what to do it C.how to do
15.When they came to the forest, they suddenly heard somebody _______ for help.
A.called B.to call C.calling
16.I think ________ grammar is a good way ________ a language.
A.studying; to learn B.studying; learning C.to study; learning
17.The magazine is ________ reading, so he advised me ________ it.
A.well worth; to buy B.very worth; buying C.worthing; buying
18.We are considering ________ a sports meet next month.
A.to hold B.holding C.to be held
19.—Peter has changed a lot, hasn’t he
—Yes. He used to ________ the guitar, but now he gets used to ________ soccer.
A.plays; play B.play; playing C.play; play D.playing; playing
20.According to my parents, doing chores(做家务) enables me ________ the family responsibility better.
A.understand B.understanding C.understood D.to understand
参考答案
1.C
【详解】句意:在律师到来之前,嫌疑犯拒绝回答任何问题。考查非谓语动词。refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”,为固定短语。故选C。
2.C
【详解】句意:认真按照指示去做,你就可以避免在工作中遇到麻烦。考查动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“避免做某事”。故选C。
3.C
【详解】句意:我花了尽可能多的时间帮助他学习英语。考查动名词作宾语。spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”,动名词作宾语。故选C。
4.D
【详解】句意:——我应该怎么做才能避免在语文考试中犯愚蠢的错误?——在回答问题之前,请仔细阅读说明。考查非谓语动词。“避免在语文考试中犯愚蠢的错误”是目的,用动词不定式作目的状语,排除AC;avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”,排除B。故选D。
5.D
【详解】句意:如果你想要改善你的发音,坚持每天练习。考查非谓语。want to do sth“想要做……”;keep on doing sth“坚持做……”,都是固定短语。所以第一空用不定式;第二空用动名词。故选D。
6.C
【详解】句意:这幅画对她来说真的很有价值。她永远不会同意卖掉它。考查非谓语动词。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”,固定短语。故选C。
7.B
【详解】句意:为了节省时间,我们乘飞机去了上海。考查非谓语。根据“... time, we went to Shanghai by plane.”可知,乘飞机去上海的目的是为了节省时间,应该用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。
8.B
【详解】句意:环境保护组织建议政府为所有海洋生物制定法律。考查非谓语动词。短语advise sb to do sth表示“建议某人做某事”,后接不定式。故选B。
9.B
【详解】句意:对我来说,挤牛奶很困难。考查固定句型。“It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”意为“对于某人来说,做某事是……的”,故选B。
10.A
【详解】句意:他全身心投入的事业使他被全世界的人所铭记。考查谓语动词和非谓语动词。分析题干可知,第一空前是定语从句,“he devoted himself to”是从句部分,修饰先行词career,表示“全身心投入的事业”,所以第一空应填谓语动词,结合“devoted”可知应用一般过去时,动词用过去式made;第二空结合make和空后的by可知,此处是make sb done“使某人被……”,所以第二空应填过去分词作宾语补足语,故选A。
11.B
【详解】句意:男孩主动提出把座位让给老人。考查非谓语动词。offer to do sth“主动提出做某事”,此处用动词不定式作宾语。故选B。
12.A
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我不擅长写英语作文。我几乎失去了信心。——当你学习的时候,请不要指望每件事都做得好。毕竟,熟能生巧。考查形容词短语。do well in在某方面做得好;be good at擅长;be good with和……相处得好。根据“I am not good at writing English compositions. I almost lose my confidence.”可知,此处指学习上不是每件事都能做好,expect to do sth“期望做某事”,排除B和C。故选A。
13.A
【详解】句意:与汽油车相比,电动汽车更节能,运行成本更低。考查非谓语动词。根据“...with gasoline cars”可知,此处动词compare与主语的关系为被动,应使用动词过去分词作状语。故选A。
14.A
【详解】句意:让我们讨论一下如何做这件事。考查疑问词+动词不定式结构。what后接动词不定式,do后不需要接it;how后接动词不定式,do后接it作宾语,故选A。
15.C
【详解】句意:当他们来到森林时,他们突然听到有人在呼救。考查非谓语动词。hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”,现在分词作宾补,故选C。
16.A
【详解】句意:我认为学习语法是学习一门语言的好方法。考查非谓语动词。根据“grammar is...”可知第一个空作主语,用动名词或动词不定式;根据“a good way...a language”可知此处用动词不定式作定语,排除BC。故选A。
17.A
【详解】句意:这本杂志很值得一读,所以他建议我买它。考查固定搭配以及非谓语动词。be well worth doing sth“很值得做某事”;advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”,故选A。
18.B
【详解】句意:我们正在考虑下个月举行运动会。考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”,动名词作宾语,故选B。
19.B
【详解】句意:——彼得改变了很多,不是吗?——是的,他过去常常弹吉他,但现在他已习惯于踢足球了。考查used to do和get used to doing的用法。根据“He used to…the guitar”可知此处应是used to do“过去常常做某事”,故第一个空要用play;又根据“he gets used to…soccer.”可知此处应是get used to doing“习惯于做某事”,故第二个空要用playing。故选B。
20.D
【详解】句意:据我父母说,做家务能让我更好地理解家庭责任。考查非谓语动词。根据“doing chores(做家务) enables me ... the family responsibility better.”可知,此处是enable sb to do sth“使某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
考点透视
真题回眸
应试技巧
名校预测
名师押题

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览