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Unit 2 Understanding each other（选择性必修第四册）
单元整体分析 单元主题 本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，涉及的话题是“相互理解”。涉及的语篇类型有：视频、讲座文稿、专题文章、杂志文章、短剧等。本单元的教学旨在帮助学生学会倾听别人、有效沟通、同时拓宽国际视野，培养跨文化沟通能力，鉴定文化自信并增进中外语言文化的相互理解和交流。这个话题是人与社会主题语境重要的一部分，更是我们每个学生健康成长的人生过程中不可缺少的技巧。要做到相互理解，就要能彼此能做到沟通。在我们现实生活尤其是跨文化交际中，有许多误会、不理解就是无法做到沟通造成的。在本单元中，教师要引导学生了解中外文化的差异与禁忌，探讨交际中存在的问题和解决方案，能让学生在真实的情境中练习有效沟通的技巧，提升有效沟通能力。
核心素养 (1) 语言能力：掌握和运用与沟通交流相关的词汇、语法等知识； (2) 文化意识：了解中外文化的差异与禁忌；认识“汉语热”，坚定文化自信；了解外来词，从跨文化角度认识词语的深层含义； (3) 思维品质：掌握“有效沟通”的目的和技巧，提升交际能力； (4) 学习能力：相互交流彼此存在的“沟通问题”，能通过小组合作完成一个短剧的创作和表演。
第一部分 语言知识
一 核心词汇
问题：本单元有哪些与主题话题相关的核心词汇？这些词汇有多少是课标中必须掌握的？这些词汇学生应该掌握到什么程度？词汇教学该如何与高考对接？
请根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。
1. No one knows ____________ (precise) how many people in that building survived the earthquake.
2. He works very hard every day so as to teach us to become useful and____________ (knowledge) persons in the future.
3. I’m more than glad that you have great interest in Chinese speech contest ___________ (intend) for foreigners.
4. If you feel somewhat out of shape, begin your exercise program ____________ (gentle) and gradually.
5. He has a ____________ (prefer) for weather forecasts to television programs about animal conservation.
6. In the past, there was often an automatic ____________ (react) to increased traffic: just widen the roads.
7. Alan is someone who always needs the ____________ (approve) of other people.
8. People ____________ (oppose) to this plan are in the majority.
9. His ____________ (embarrass) expression indicated that he misunderstood our intention.
10. If you want to apply for this job, ____________ (fluent) in French must be required.
【答案】
1. precisely 2. knowledgeable 3. intended 4. gently 5. preference
6. reaction 7. approval 8. opposed 9. embarrassed 10. fluency
二 重点短语
问题： 本单元中有哪些重要短语和固定搭配？这些短语和搭配在高考试卷中有什么样的体现？
根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。
put yourself in one’s shoes broaden one’s mind correspond to account for approve of react to have a preference for...
1. Her father will never ___________________her marriage to such a dishonest man.
2. The written record of the conversation doesn’t __________________ what was actually said.
3. What is known to us all is that watching TV may relax body, __________________ and enrich our life.
4. Only by ________________________ will you experience how they feel when at the mercy of life.
5. While students with local accent _______________ 40% of the class, this doesn’t stop them speaking pure and fluent English.
【答案】
1. approve of 2.correspond to 3. broaden our minds
4. putting yourself in their shoes 5. account for
三 必备句型
问题：本单元有哪些学生必备句型？这些句型该如何梳理出来？又该如何训练学生学会使用这些句型？
课文原句
(1) 更重要的是，无论你是否赞同说话人的话，你都要诚实地回答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(2) 我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式就到要回家的时候了。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
仿写句子
(3) They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if accompanied by a gentle smile .
它们可以被解读成来自一位好朋友的欢迎问候，尤其是伴随着温柔的微笑时。
仿写：___________________________________________________________________________________________
完全被这本书所吸引，他没有注意到我进入房间。
(4) The longer a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来更像本土语言。
仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________
双方之间的争执越多，他们就越排斥双方合并。
翻译句子
(5) 这并不是说合作对我们来说没有必要。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(6) 考虑到这项计划对我们有益，在会议上没有人反对。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
自选佳句 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
(1) More importantly, whether you approve of the speaker’s words or not, you need to be honest in your response.
(2) No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.
(3) Occupied in the book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
(4) The more frictions there are between the two parties, the more they reject integration.
(5) This is not to suggest that there is no need for us to cooperate.
(6) Considering/Given that this plan was beneficial to us, no one was opposed to it at the meeting.
四 单元语法：定语从句复习
问题：定语从句的分类？关系代词和关系副词有哪些功能？有哪些注意点？
1. 复习要点
1)限制性定语从句：是对先行项进行限定或修饰，由关系代词或关系副词引导。主句和从句不用逗号隔开。
(1)关系代词在从句中通常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词在从句中通常用作状语。
(2)当先行词是way且在从句表示“以......的方式”时，常用in which 或 that 引导定语从句，引导词可以省略。
(3)由关系代词whose引导的定语从句，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，whose在从句中充当定语。
(4)关系副词when、where、why有时可以用“介词+关系代词”替换。
2)非限制性定语从句：其对先行词进行补充说明，由关系代词或关系副词引导。主句和从句用逗号隔开。
(1)非限制性定语从句通常用which、who等关系代词或when、where等关系副词引导，一般不用that引导。
(2) which引导非限制性定语从句，对整个主句或部分内容进行补充说明。
(3)非限制性定语从句有时也可以由as引导，意为“正如”。由as引导的定语从句可以置于主句的句首、句中或句尾。
2. 根据句意，选用适当的关系词填空。
(1) Gesture language, ______ accounts for half of communication, plays an important role in our daily life.
(2) _____ is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns.
(3) Those ______ have sympathy for you will empathize with you.
(4) Feedback is something _____ reflects how well or badly you are doing, and how you could improve.
(5) I will never forget the place _____ I spent some time with my grandparents.
(6) A jam is a situation ______ it is difficult or impossible to move because there are so many people or vehicles.
(7) It is a fence on______ you can’t stand, or you’ll slip.
(8) I want to help the children _______ parents died in the earthquake.
(9) Such people _____ have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
(10) The way _____ you mentioned at the meeting couldn’t satisfy everybody.
【答案】
(1) which (2) As (3) who (4) that (5) where /in which
(6) where (7) which (8)whose (9) as (10) that/ which/不填
3. 语篇填空
Senior year of high school is a busy time to be a teenager, even aside from the work ⑴ _________you’ll put into applying to college. It’s also full of events (2)　　　　 are specifically designed to serve as highlights for your high school experience, like the graduation ceremony and party (3)　　　　 you reach the end of the year, these events will come on thick and fast.
You may find (4)　　　　 these senior events are a chance to end high school on a high note. However, you might also find yourself in a situation (5)　　　　 you are worrying about whether you are doing the right things to enjoy these events properly. After all, you’re supposed to remember these milestones for the rest of your life, right.
Not always. The memories you really treasure from high school may come from unexpected places, some (6)　　　　 won’t be created in scheduled, traditional events. You know (7) _________ of the experiences will shape, inspire, or affect you later. As someone (8)_______ has been out of school for over a decade, here’s (9)　　　　 I have learned about memories and the pressure to enjoy traditional-related events. I hope you’ll be equipped with senior school life (10)__________ you’ll have a deeper insight.
【答案】
(1) that/which (2) that/which (3) When (4) that (5) where
(6) of which (7) which (8) who (9) what (10) into which
建议
1. 梳理和复习与单元主题相关的重点词汇、短语，总结这些词汇和短语的用法。 2. 认真完成必备句型中的自选佳句，培养对好词、好句、好段的鉴赏能力； 3. 语法复习有助于搭建定语从句中关系代词用法的框架，掌握其重要考点； 4. 回归课本，读熟单元中的话题语篇，积累与话题相关的写作素材。
第二部分 拓展阅读
一 阅读理解
问题1. 本单元话题是相互理解，如何通过互文阅读让学生学会倾听他人、有效沟通、拓展国际视野和培养跨文化沟通能力、坚定文化自信并增进中外语言的相互理解与交流能力？
问题2. 如何通过语篇阅读，践行学生的解题策略？如推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意。
A
【语篇类型】 记叙文
【核心素养】 语言能力、思维品质、情感素养
I have been receiving so much kindness. It was difficult for an independent girl like me to accept it at first. At times, my financial is not the best. But with that comes a great lesson in appreciation, budgeting. and deciding what is and what isn’t important.
A few times I’ve had to put off even given up things. Because of my scarcity of money, I had to give up a keep-fit exercise, which is something I like to treat myself to regularly. When my coach Lisa heard about this，she offered me training at a highly discounted price. At first this made me very uncomfortable. I feared that he would wrongly think that I was going to bargain (讨价还价) and of course I wasn’t. Instead, I was just being honest about my situation -- being short of money. I finally accepted her offer, remembering that I deserve kindness, too.
Another time, I noticed a friend of mine selling his old exercise bike, which was perfect for me, as I was looking for one to replace my broken one. I told him that I would take it when I had the money, but then life got in the way. When I finally got the time to pick it up, I realized my financial shortcomings again. I asked him if he could hold onto it for one more week, as then I’d have the funds again. He was happy to do this, but instead he insisted on offering me the bike as a gift. Another opportunity presents itself to teach me how to accept with dignity.
I continue to slowly learn how to accept the kindness from others. In fact, the relationship between giving and receiving is closely linked. When you accept the kindness from others with joy, they will feel happy, too.
1. How did the author feel at first when she received kindness from others
A. Happy. B. Unfair. C. Proud. D. Uncomfortable.
2. What does the underlined word “scarcity” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Request. B. Independence. C. Principle. D. Lack
3. What was the author afraid of when Lisa did her a favor
A. Being punished.
B. Being misunderstood.
C. Accepting her coach’s strict training.
D. Giving away the secret of her being short of money.
4. How did the author get the second-hand exercise bike
A. She paid much money for it. B. She got it for free.
C. She bought it from her coach. D. She borrowed it from her friend.
【答案】1-4 DDBB
【详解】
【文章导读】本文讲述了作者接受别人恩惠的经历，她从一开始不适应，到后来有尊严地接受。作者意识到事实上，给予和接受之间的关系是紧密相连的。当你愉快地接受别人的好意时，他们也会感到快乐。
1.D。 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I have been receiving so much kindness. It was difficult for an independent girl like me to accept it at first.”和第二段第四句可知，作者最初接受别人给予的善意时，会感到很不舒服，难以接受。
2.D。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的I had to give up a keep-fit exercise可推知，作者是因为缺钱，所以不得不取消一项健身运动。故画线单词意思为“缺乏”。
3.B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At first this made me very uncomfortable. I feared that she would wrongly think that I was going to bargain and of course I wasn’t.可知，当教练提供了一个非常优惠的价格时，作者感到很不舒服，担心莉萨会误解她要讨价还价。
4.B。 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He was happy to do this, but instead he insisted on offering me the bike as a gift.”可知，作者的朋友坚持要把自行车作为礼物送给她，因此作者免费得到了这辆二手运动自行车。
B
【语篇类型】 说明文
【核心素养】 思维品质
In today’s competitive student world, the ability to work harmoniously with other people is a good way of marking yourself off from everybody else. While teamwork may offer the chance to blame others for your mistakes, you can never blame them for your failings as a teammate. In any case, working out where to apportion blame is not a good way to approach membership of any new team. Instead, get to know one another, so you can build up a shared identity and combine your strengths. Find out each other’s values, weaknesses, and past achievements.
Don’t shy away from conflicts but work out how to deal with them. Humour can be good glue, so have a laugh together.
Before settling down to business, it’s important to establish ground rules. First, make sure you all share the same concept of time. Then, work out how you are going to make and communicate decisions. These are probably best made at a formal meeting and communicated by e-mail. You must also agree on who will be responsible for making decisions.
Even if you have decided that decisions don’t have to be unanimous (一致的), it is important that every team member should be kept involved, including those who always disagree with the majority view, rarely say a word, or have a strange haircut.
Once you’ve got your rules of engagement, define what you want to achieve, and set the deadline. Work out what you have to do before the time is up to do it. The team must assign roles according to everyone’s individual skills. Remember that every task is equally important.
Whatever your role, it is important to keep a record of what has been decided at each stage and what each member of the team has contributed. Then, when the task is over, you can review how well it went.
5. What does the author stress at the beginning of the text
A. The importance of being one time. B. The importance of cooperation.
C. The importance of equality. D. The importance of humour.
6. What does the underlined phrase “apportion blame” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Say who should be blamed. B. Find out the causes of mistakes.
C. Get all the blame for mistakes. D. Shoulder the responsibility.
7. Which of the following is the advice given by the author in the text
A. Try your best not to make mistakes.
B. It is better to make decisions at an informal meeting.
C. Those who seldom express their opinions can be ignored.
D. Roles should be assigned according to everyone’s individual skills.
8. What is the text mainly about
A. The art of doing well in exams. B. The art of dealing with conflicts.
C. The art of making decisions. D. The art of working in team.
【答案】5-8 BADD
【详解】
【文章导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就在团队组建之初如何与他人和谐相处给出了一些建议。
5.B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“In today’s competitive student world, the ability to work harmoniously with other people is a good way of marking yourself off from everybody else.”和“Instead, get to know one another, so you can build up a shared identity and combine your strengths.”可知，作者在第一段强调的是合作的重要性。
6.A。词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句“In any case, working out where to apportion blame is not a good way to approach membership of any new team.”可知，作者认为，出了错误，怪罪他人是不明智的。Instead后面的内容作了进一步的解释说明。由此可以推断，apportion blame是“怪罪”的意思。
7.D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The team must assign roles according to everyone’s individual skills.”可知，应该根据每个人的个人技能来分配角色。
8.D。主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文作者就在团队组建之初如何与他人和谐相处给出了一些建议。D项The art of working in a team(团队合作的艺术)能够很好地概括文章主题。
二 七选五
【语篇类型】 说明文
【核心素养】 语言知识、思维品质
It doesn’t take a lot to make someone feel special. However, it not only makes you happy but also helps you win their friendship! So take a step forward and do something for them to make them feel special.
Praise them. 1 Instead of looking at them for what they are, look at them for what they can be. And of course, let them know.
Smile. A warm smile can take away a thousand sorrows, and a loving hug can mend every broken heart. Give someone you care about a hug when they are having a bad day. 2
Surprise them. Remembering dates that are important to someone shows them that you care about them. 3 The fact that you take time and efforts to make them feel happy lets them know that they are on your mind.
4 Although it may not be your favourite thing, yet if the other person is really crazy about it, take some time to try it. Who knows, with this person around, you might actually enjoy the activity!
Make time. The best gift that you could give someone is your time. 5 However, more importantly, you should let them know that you are always there for them, and that you would choose to be with them over anyone else in the world.
A. Make someone feel included.
B. Do something that they love.
C. This will make them feel warm inside.
D. It is necessary to often hang out with someone.
E. We promise you that it will be well appreciated.
F. If there is something you appreciate about them, say it to them.
G. Whether you throw a party or get them something, it really doesn’t matter!
1. ________ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
【答案】1-5 FCGBD
【详解】
【文章导读】本文介绍了让他人感觉自己特别的方法。
1.F 赞扬他人就是要表达出你欣赏他人的地方，由此可判断选F项。
2.C 前文提到给你在乎的人一个拥抱，此处指你的拥抱会使他们的内心感到温暖，C项中的This指hug，故选C项。
3.G 前文提到要记住那些对别人重要的日子，此处应具体举例说明在那些日子里做什么并不重要，重要的是你的行为使别人觉得你认为他们重要。由此可判断选G项。
4.B 根据本段中的“yet if the other person is really crazy about it, take some time to try it”可推断，此处是建议做他们喜欢做的事，故选B项。
5.D本段小标题是“Make time.”，介绍要花时间在别人身上，经常与人出去消遣便是其中一种方式，由此可判断选D项。
建议
1. 在阅读过程中运用本单元的重点阅读策略skimming和scanning； 2. 通读全文，掌握大意；细审题意，获取信息；分层推理，正确答题； 3. 关注篇章结构、长难句分析、设问方式和信息的加工处理。
第三部分 话题写作
问题：本单元话题写作重点训练应用文中的报道类题型，如何为写作搭建梯架？报道类的应用文有什么样的范式？
一 词块积累
recite 2. fluency 3. As is scheduled 4. with the intention of...
5. have a preference for... 6. broaden one’s mind
二 应用文——报道
假定你是李华，是你校报的记者。上周六你校学生会主办了一场汉语经典作品朗诵比赛。请你以“A Chinese Recitation Competition”为题写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.参赛选手；
2.比赛过程；
3.活动意义。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【设计意图】 让学生了解并掌握报道类文章的写作方法。
A Chinese Recitation Competition
【参考范文】
A Chinese Recitation Competition
As is scheduled, our school held the Chinese Classic Recitation at the lecture hall with the intention of encouraging us students to appreciate Chinese culture last Saturday.
Representatives from each class took an active part in the competition. Participants were required to prepare a Chinese classic to recite within 5 minutes. As to classical works, they had a preference for poems. At last, competitors who were good at fluency, voice control and emotional expression reached the final.
The competition offered a wonderful opportunity for us to have a better understanding of Chinese classics and broaden our minds, evoking our love for Chinese culture.
建议
1. 相关词块的积累主要靠学生的智慧，不能靠教师个人的简单呈现； 2. 利用上课时间完成作文训练，以真正保证写作质量； 3. 作文批改可以采用学生自评、同学互评和教师点评等相结合的多样化方式； 4. 建议老师分析写作要点，以帮助学生了解应用文的采分点。

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