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广东省陆丰市名校2022-2023学年高二上学期11月月考二英语试题
一、阅读理解(共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分)
（2022高二上·陆丰月考）阅读理解
China's long history has seen many scientists making great contributions to the development of ancient China and even the world. We have selected several greatest scientists in ancient China and hope to help you learn more about Chinese science and technology.
Zhang Zhongjing (150-219) was a Chinese physician in Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). He founded medication principles and summarized the medicinal experience before his time. His famous work " Shang Han Za Bing Lun " had a major influence on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Today, this great book was still considered very important in the practice of Chinese medicine.
Li Daoyuan (AD 427 or 469-527) was a great Chinese geographer during the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). He wrote the famous work "Commentary to the River Classic " (Shui Jing Zhu). The book is a great work on the ancient geography of China and it sums up China's geography and its surrounding areas before Northern Wei Dynasty.
Sun Simiao was an outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). He was called "China's King of Medicine " for his important contributions to Chinese traditional medicine. Sun authored two books — "Qian Jin Yao Fang" and "Qian Jin Yi Fang" that were both landmarks in Chinese medicine history.
Shen Kuo was a great Chinese scientist and politician of the Song Dynasty (960-1279). He compiled (汇编) an scientific work "Dream Pool Essays", which involves a lot descriptions about the animals and plants in the country. Shen also first described the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (航行). His discovery of concept of true north towards the north pole was four hundred years earlier than Europe.
1．The passage is mainly written to ________ .
A．encourage readers to learn from these great scientists
B．explain what contributes to the development of ancient China
C．broaden readers' horizons on Chinese science and technology
D．introduce the great medical contributions Chinese scientists made
2．Whose work had a great effect on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine
A．Zhang Zhongjing's B．Li Daoyuan's
C．Sun Simiao's D．Shen Kuo's
3．What do we know about Shen Kuo
A．He was a Chinese physician in Han Dynasty.
B．He worked on the ancient geography of China.
C．He was regarded as "China's King of Medicine".
D．He described the animals and plants a lot in his work.
（2022高一上·新乡月考）
阅读理解
"The
mosquitofish is one of the 100 world's worst invasive (侵入的) species, and present methods
to kill it are too expensive. It will take too much time to successfully
control the spread of the mosquitofish," says Giovanni Polverino.
"This global pest is a serious threat to many animals living in water.
Instead of killing them one by one, we're presenting an approach that can
inform better strategies to control this global pest. We made their worst
nightmare become real: a robot that scares the mosquitofish but not the other
animals around it."
In
the presence of the robotic fish, mosquitofish would stay closer to each other
and spend more time at the center of the testing area. They were unwilling to
swim to unknown waters. They also swam more crazily, with frequent and sharp
turns, than those who haven't met the robot. They swam away from the robot and
back to their living area. The influence of fear lasted. The scared fish were
less active, ate more, and froze longer, presenting signs of anxiety that
continued weeks after their last encounter (相遇) with
the robot.
For
the tadpoles (蝌蚪) the mosquitofish usually hunt
for food, the robot's presence was a change for the better. Tadpoles have poor
eyesight. They don't see the robot well. Because the robot changed the behavior
of the mosquitofish, the tadpoles didn't have predators (捕食者) at
their tails anymore and they were more willing to explore in the testing area.
"It turned out to be a positive thing for tadpoles. Once freed from the
danger of having mosquitofish around, they were not scared anymore. They're
happy. "
After
five weeks of brief encounters between the mosquitofish and the robot, the team
found that the fish spent more energy towards escaping than reproducing. Male
fish's bodies became thin.
"While
successful at preventing mosquitofish, the lab-grown robotic fish is not ready
to be put into the wild," says Maurizio Porfiri. The team will still have
to overcome technical challenges.
4．What do we know about mosquitofish
A．It is the most dangerous species.
B．It costs too much money to feed.
C．It is difficult to be seen by people.
D．It is harmful to many animals in water.
5．What's the second paragraph mainly about
A．The mosquitofish's living area.
B．The uses of the mosquitofish.
C．The mosquitofish's reaction to the robotic fish.
D．The encounter between mosquitofish and tadpoles.
6．What's the benefit of the robotic fish's presence for the tadpoles
A．They had better behavior. B．They had no more killers.
C．They were more adventurous. D．They could see the robot clearly.
7．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Robots Use Fear To Fight Invasive Fish
B．Mosquitofish Are The Most Dangerous Animals
C．Invasive Fish Are Spreading All Over The World
D．Robots Fish Are Hunting And Killing Mosquitofish
（2022高二上·陆丰月考）
阅读理解
Recently, the magazine
Big Think asked top minds from a
variety of fields to comment on what the future holds 40 years from now. The
result is as follows.
It's likely that by
2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban (城市的) areas, and will have a much higher average age than people today.
Cities theorist Richard Florida thinks urbanization will reinvent the education
system of the United States, making our economy less real estate (房地产) driven and erasing(消除) the divisions
between home and work.
And rapidly advancing
technology will continue ever more rapidly. Cities of the future won't look
like "some sort of science-fiction fantasy", but it's likely that
technological advances and information overlays (VR and AR) will greatly change
how we live. Self-driving cars will make the roads safer and provide faster
transports. A larger version of driverless cars－driverless
trucks － may make long-distance drivers out of date.
Some long view
predictions are completely dire. Environmentalist Bill McKibben says
that if we don't make great progress in fighting global warming, it's likely we
could see out-of-control rises in sea levels, huge crop shortfalls, and wars
over limited freshwater resources.
In terms of how we
will eat, green markets founder and "real food" supporter Nina Planck
believes that there will be more small milk processing plants, and more
regional food operations and we'll be healthier as a result. New York Times feature writer Mark
Bittman thinks that people will eat fewer processed foods, and eat foods grown
closer to where they live. And Anson Mills farmer Glenn Roberts thinks that
more people will be aware of the "ethical(道德的)
responsibility" to grow and preserve land-raised farm systems.
8．What may happen by 2050
A．Most people will live in cities.
B．The aging population will drop.
C．Home education will become a trend.
D．The economy will be driven by real estate.
9．What do we know about technology in the future
A．It will give cities a science-fiction appearance.
B．It will greatly change the way people live.
C．It will lead to an increase in the number of cars.
D．It will ensure faster transports with fast cars.
10．What does the underlined word "dire" in the fourth paragraph mean
A．Interesting. B．Daring. C．Terrible. D．Creative.
11．What does Mark Bittman think of foods in the future
A．People will eat healthier and fresher foods.
B．Land-raised farm systems will be improved.
C．There will be more regional food operations.
D．Food supplies will become more limited than before.
二、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2.5，共12.5分。）
（2022高二上·陆丰月考）阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. 　12． 　
The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.
The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting
　13． 　 —he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.
Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves. He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. 　14． 　 For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum. He is skeptical—he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available—and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. 　15． 　
Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. 　16． 　
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
A. First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity
B. To begin with, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own
C. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.
D. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.
E. He knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
F. He uses the facts he observes to the fullest extent.
G. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.
三、完形填空。（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分。）
（2022高二上·陆丰月考）
完形填空
Elsa Desmond knows she
is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics, but she is 17． as the first women's luge(无舵雪橇)Olympian from Ireland. She was the 26th to 18． the line in the first run of
the women's race on Monday night, 19． than none of the other
athletes. However, that did not 20． to her and she celebrated
with a large smile on her face.
Although she will not
win in Beijing, she has already won some 21． . She had been given many
reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start 22． at a young age, and she could
not balance a(n) 23． job with competing in a sport. The biggest 24． simply might have been that
Ireland did not have a luge organization. So, she 25． one herself; she had to
self-fund.
Now, 26． , she is a luge Olympian.
"I'm a doctor in general surgery, I have all these really 27． challenges, but I think
everyone has worked as hard as they can to be here. "She is expected to
return to work on this Friday because she was given some time 28． to compete in the Olympics,
and now she has 29． parts of her job.
Desmond has to balance
these two 30． jobs—sliding a few months out of the year and
living a life in medicine. There was a(n) 31． last season when she had to
take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders
from different countries were staying. "I had to stick signs on my door
saying ‘Do not disturb, exam in 32． , in about six different 33． ."
Desmond got the honor
of 34． her country in Beijing, and being one of two
people 35． Ireland's flag during the opening ceremony on
Friday. "I don't think I can 36． words how excited I was to
lead out the team. I really hope that I make my country proud."
17．A．visiting B．studying C．leading D．competing
18．A．break B．cross C．follow D．draw
19．A．slower B．lower C．faster D．higher
20．A．upset B．respond C．happen D．matter
21．A．potentials B．challenges C．operations D．alternatives
22．A．swimming B．sliding C．sailing D．running
23．A．financial B．athletic C．medical D．educational
24．A．expectation B．achievement C．difficulty D．pleasure
25．A．started B．stopped C．continued D．joined
26．A．privately B．traditionally C．similarly D．officially
27．A．visible B．imaginary C．absurd D．dangerous
28．A．off B．up C．out D．away
29．A．ruined B．exceeded C．covered D．delayed
30．A．frustrating B．rewarding C．demanding D．embarrassing
31．A．interview B．time C．vacation D．chance
32．A．peace B．need C．progress D．public
33．A．characters B．approaches C．styles D．languages
34．A．investigating B．preserving C．strengthening D．representing
35．A．holding B．raising C．preparing D．storing
36．A．set
down B．put into C．pick up D．get through
四、语篇填空。（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
（2022高二上·陆丰月考）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The difference between a novelist and a professor is that the former 　37． 　 (most) uses his extraordinary creative genius to inspire people's passion by writing novels, while the latter 　38． 　 (pay) more attention to academic research. A politician wants 　39． 　 (found) his own theories and tries to come to power. A scientist hopes to make remarkable achievements and have more inventions and patents. Take Albert Einstein for example. He made numerous 　40． 　 (contribute) to the world, the most well-known 　41． 　 (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. He earned a doctorate in physics in 1905 and gradually became famous as the new Isaac Newton. Circumstances changed in 1933, 　42． 　 Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions 　43． 　 (close) to him. As 　44． 　 consequence, he had to flee Germany. He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Einstein was not only a genius, but also a very gentle man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities, he 　45． 　 (admire) by his friends and neighbours whom he encountered. It was on 18 April 1955 　46． 　 Einstein passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
五、按照中文意思完成句子。（每空0.5分，共10分）
47．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）常言道："良好的开端是成功的一半。"
　 　　 　　 　　 　: "A good beginning is half done."
48．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）她在信中感谢了他的帮助。
She　 　　 　　 　 in her letter.
49．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。
　 　　 　　 　　 　we get this right.
50．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）汤姆在聚精会神地做作业，你最好别去打扰他。
Tom is 　 　　 　 his homework, so you'd better 　 　 him 　 　.
51．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）你既对独立有新的渴望，却又不断索取着父母的关爱和支持。
You have both a new 　 　for 　 　 and a continued need for your parents' love and support.
52．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）我必须向你道歉，因为我没有及时回信。
I must　 　 to you for not replying to your letter on time.
53．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）你必须承诺按时完成任务。
You must 　 　　 　to finishing the task on time.
六、写作（共两小节，满分40分）
54．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）
学校英文报正在开展以"What is your ideal job in
the future "为主题的讨论。你班讨论的结果主要如下：1.做工程师，为国家建设做贡献；2.做科研工作者，促进科技发展；3.做医务工作者，保护国民健康。请根据讨论结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1）讨论的结果描述；
2）你的观点。
注意：
1）写作词数应为80左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Discussion on Ideal
Jobs
What job would you
like to do in the future
……
55．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mo was waiting in the
corridor outside her class. She was feeling sick. She had two exams that day
and physics was first. She really hated physics. It was her worst subject.
Terry looked back at her from the front of the line, and then looked away quickly.
Mo thought she looked guilty. She didn't have a problem with physics; she didn't
have a problem with anything... Miss Perfect!
"Hi, Mo, it's
your favourite exam today," said Nina, laughing as she joined the line.
Terry was looking at Mo again. "So what's wrong with her " asked
Nina. "I thought you were friends." "Yes, so did I," said
Mo. "But she hasn't spoken to me for two weeks now. She promised to help
me review for the physics exam too, but then she's ignored all my calls and
texts. And when I rang her house, her mum just told me she was busy." said
Mo angrily. At that time, Mr Reed asked all the students into the exam room.
Mo couldn't answer
question number five. She looked up and saw Terry sitting two rows in front of
her. Mo couldn't believe it! Terry was holding her phone on her knees under the
table and reading from it. Is that how Terry always got such good grades She
felt really angry at Terry, but she didn't know what to do. She thought about
telling the teacher, but what would everyone else think of her "Stop
writing and put your pens down." said Mr Reed as he started to collect the
exam papers.
Mo wanted to talk to
Terry at lunch time, but she couldn't find her anywhere. The next exam was
history. That was Mo's favourite subject but she wasn't feeling good. Mo went
to the library to study, but she couldn't concentrate. "It wasn't fair!"
she thought. "Terry was getting good grades by cheating all that time,"
thought Mo. Just then, Mr Reed walked past her table. "Mr Reed."
Mo was sitting behind
Terry again in the history exam that afternoon. Mo was feeling terrible. Why
had she told Mr Reed But it was too late now. And anyway, Terry didn't want to
be her friend! Mr Reed wanted her to look at her and nod if she saw that Terry
was cheating in the exam.
注意：1）续写词数应为150左右;
2）请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph1：
She was working on the
last question when she saw that Terry have her phone under the table.
Paragraph2：
Mo was walking towards
the school gate, when she saw Terry. "Mo, I want to talk to you."
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
【知识点】细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了四位伟大的中国科学家。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"We have selected several greatest scientists in ancient China and hope to help you learn more about Chinese science and technology.”我们精选了几位中国古代最伟大的科学家，希望能帮助大家更多地了解中国的科学技术。可知，写这篇文章的主要目的是希望能帮助大家更多地了解中国的科学技术。故选C。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"His famous work Shang han za bing lun had a major influence on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine.”他的著名著作《商汉杂病论》对中医实践产生了重大影响，可知，张仲景的著名著作《商汉杂病论》对中医实践产生了重大影响。故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"He compiled (汇编) an scientific work Dream Pool Essays , which involves a lot descriptions about the animals and plants in the country.”他编写了一部科学著作《梦溪笔谈》，其中涉及到很多关于这个国家的动植物的描述。可知，沈括编写了一部科学著作《梦溪笔谈》，其中涉及到很多关于这个国家的动植物的描述。故选D。
【答案】4．D
5．C
6．C
7．A
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；段落大意题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，食蚊鱼是世界上100种最严重的入侵物种之一，目前杀死它的方法太昂贵了。所以人们想到更好的策略来控制这种全球害虫，利用机器人，机器人可以吓到食蚊鱼，但不会吓到它周围的其它动物。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This global pest is a serious threat to many animals living in water.”这种全球性害虫对许多生活在水中的动物构成严重威胁。可知，食蚊鱼对水中的许多动物是有害的。故选D。
5．考查段落大意。根据第二段“In the presence of the robotic fish, Mosquitofish would stay closer to each other and spend more time at the center of the testing area. They were unwilling to swim to unknown waters. They also swam more crazily, with frequent and sharp turns, than those who haven't met the robot. They swam away from the robot and back to their living area. The influence of fear lasted. The scared fish were less active, ate more, and froze longer, presenting signs of anxiety that continued weeks after their last encounter(相遇)with the robot.”在机器鱼在场的情况下，食蚊鱼会相互靠近，并在测试区的中心花费更多时间。它们不愿意游到未知的水域。与那些没有遇到机器人的人相比，它们游得更疯狂，转弯频繁而急。它们游离机器人，回到它们的生活区。恐惧的影响持续了。受惊吓的鱼不太活跃，吃得更多，不动的时间更长，表现出焦虑的迹象，这种焦虑在它们最后一次遇到机器人后持续了几周。可知，第二段主要是关于食蚊鱼对机器鱼的反应。故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Because the robot changed the behavior of the mosquitofish, the tadpoles didn't have predators (捕食者) at their tails anymore and they were more willing to explore in the testing area.”因为机器人改变了食蚊鱼的行为，蝌蚪的尾巴不再有捕食者，它们更愿意在测试区探索。可知，机器鱼的出现对蝌蚪的好处是蝌蚪更喜欢冒险了。故选C。
7．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“This global pest is a serious threat to many animals living in water. Instead of killing them one by one, we're presenting an approach that can inform better strategies to control this global pest. We made their worst nightmare become real: a robot that scares the mosquitofish but not the other animals around it.”这种全球害虫对许多生活在水中的动物构成了严重威胁。我们没有逐一杀死它们，而是提出了一种方法，可以为控制这种全球害虫提供更好的策略。我们让它们最糟糕的噩梦变成了现实：一个机器人会吓唬食蚊鱼，但不会吓唬周围的其他动物。“机器人利用恐惧对抗入侵鱼类”适合做文章的标题，故选A。
【答案】8．A
9．B
10．C
11．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道杂志Big Think就40年后的世界会如何这一话题，邀请了各行各业的精英人士发表评论。并展示了评论内容。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"It's likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban (城市的) areas，”到2050年，世界上大多数人可能会生活在城市地区。可知，2050年大多数人将住在城镇地区。故选A。
9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Cities of the future won't look like ‘some sort of science-fiction fantasy'， but it's likely that technological advances and information overlays (VR and AR) will greatly change how we live.”虽然将来的城市不会像科幻小说幻想的那样，但技术的进步和信息覆盖会极大地改变我们的生活。可知，在未来科技会改变我们生活的方式。故选B。
10．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"Environmentalist Bill McKibben says that if we don't make great progress in fighting global warming, it's likely we could see out-of-control rises in sea levels, huge crop shortfalls, and wars over limited freshwater resources.”环境学家的推测：如果我们不加快与温室效应斗争，海平面上升可能会失控，粮食严重不足，因缺乏淡水资源导致的战争等问题都可能出现。可知，这是对将来世界不好一面的推测。可推知dire意为"糟糕的"，与terrible同义。故选C。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"New York Times feature writer Mark Bittman thinks that people will eat fewer processed foods, and eat foods grown closer to where they live. ”《纽约时报》特写作家Mark Bittman认为，人们会少吃加工食品，吃离他们住的地方更近的食物。可推知，Mark Bittman认为未来人们将会吃更健康和新鲜的食物。故选A。
【答案】12．G；13．A；14．F；15．C；16．D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学态度的本质及科学家的思考和行动方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
12．根据空后"The first of these is…”第一方面是……；以及"The second aspect is…”第二方面是……。G. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science."然而，许多人认为我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面"引起下文，与空前"We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live.”我们都知道，科学在我们所生活的社会中扮演着重要的角色。是转折关系。故选G。
13．根据空前"What are these special methods of thinking and acting ” 这些特殊的思考和行动方法是什么？提出一个问题：科学家在工作中使用的特殊的思考和行动方法是什么？；以及空后"he wants to find out how and why the universe works”他想知道宇宙是如何运作的，以及为什么会这样。可知，A. First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity"首先，一个成功的科学家似乎都充满了好奇心"符合语境，因此破折号后的具体解释。故选A。
14．根据空前"He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes.”他是一个优秀的观察者，准确、耐心和客观，并将逻辑思维应用于他所做的观察；以及空后"For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.”例如，训练有素的观测者主要通过对光谱中出现的简单线条的准确分析来获得关于一颗恒星的大量信息。可知， F. He uses the facts he observes to the fullest extent. "他最大限度地利用他所观察到的事实"符合语境，下文举例说明。故选F。
15．根据空前"He is skeptical—he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available—and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth.”他是怀疑论者——他不接受那些没有以最完整的证据为基础的陈述——因此拒绝把权威作为真理的唯一基础。可知，科学家是怀疑论者， C. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them. "科学家总是检查各种说法，认真客观地做实验来验证它们"符合语境。故选C。
16．根据空前"Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete.”最后，他的想象力非常丰富，因为他经常要在复杂而且往往不完整的数据中寻找关系。可知，科学家的想象力丰富，D. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place."此外，如果他想对过程如何运作和事件如何发生作出假设，他就需要想象力"符合语境。故选D。
【答案】17．D；18．B；19．C；20．D；21．B；22．B；23．C；24．C；25．A；26．D；27．A；28．A；29．D；30．C；31．B；32．C；33．D；34．D；35．A；36．B
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了克服了种种困难，最终才能参加冬奥会的一名普外科医生Elsa Desmond以爱尔兰的第一名无舵雪橇奥运女选手的身份参加了北京冬奥会，尽管在第一场角逐中就已经排在第26位，但是她依旧满心欢喜。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．句意：Elsa Desmond知道她不会在北京冬奥会上赢得奖牌，但她作为第一位来自爱尔兰的女子无舵雪橇奥运选手参加了北京冬奥会。A. visiting“拜访，游览”；B. studying“学习 ”；C. leading“领导”；D. competing“参赛”。根据空前"Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics."可知，她是来参加冬奥会的。故选D。
18．句意：在周一晚上的第一轮女子比赛中，她是第26个冲过终点线的运动员，比其他任何运动员都慢。A. break“打破”；B. cross“越过”；C. follow“眼随”；D. draw“吸引”。根据下文"However, that did not 4 to her"可知，前后为对照关系，说明Elsa比赛成绩落后于任何其他选手，但是冲过终点线，排名第26。故选B。
19．句意：在周一晚上的第一轮女子比赛中，她是第26个冲过终点线的运动员，没有比其他任何运动员都快。A. slower“更慢的”；B. lower“更低的”；C. faster“更快的”；D. higher“更简高的”。根据空前"She was the 26th to 2 the line"可知，她比别的选手滑得慢，也就是没有比他们中任更何人快。故选C。
20．句意：然而，这对她来说并不重要，她脸上挂着灿烂的微笑庆祝。A. upset“失落”；B. respond“回应”；C. happen“发生”；D. matter“起作用，要紧”。根据空后"She celebrated with a large smile on her face."可知，尽管比赛成绩不如别人，她还是满怀喜悦地庆祝，可推知她第26的名次对她来说并不重要。故选D。
21．句意：虽然她不会在北京获胜，但她已经战胜了一些挑战。A. potentials“潜力”；B. challenges“挑战”；C. operation“操作，手术”；D. alternatives“选择”。根据下文的"She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start 　 6 at a young age, and she could not balance a(n) 7 job with competing in a sport. The biggest 8 simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization."可知，她在此之前，面临并且克服了很多的困难挑战，才得以最终参加冬奥会。故选B。
22．句意：人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的理由：她太矮了，她不是从小就开始滑雪橇的，她无法在医疗工作和参加体育比赛之间取得平衡。A. swimming"游泳"；B. sliding"滑"；C. sailing"航行"；D. running"跑步"。genju 上文"Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics, but she is 1 as the first women's luge(无舵雪橇) Olympian from Ireland."可知，Elsa Desmond参加的奥运项是无舵滑雪。故选B。
23．句意：人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的理由：她太矮了，她不是从小就开始滑雪橇的，她无法在医疗工作和参加体育比赛之间取得平衡。A. financial“经济的”；B. athletic“运动的”；C. medical“医疗的”；D. educational“教育的”。根据下文"I'm a doctor in general surgery."可知，她是从事医学方面的工作。故选C。
24．句意：最大的困难可能是爱尔兰没有雪橇组织。A. expectation“期待”；B. achievement“成绩”；C. difficulty“困难”；D. pleasure“高兴”。根据上文"She had been given many reasons why she could not compete"可知，人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的理由和困难。故选C。
25．句意：于是，她自己创办了一家雪橇组织，她不得不自筹资金。A. started“创立”；B. stopped“停止”；C. continued“继续”；D. joined“加入”。根据上文"The biggest 8 simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization."可知，因为爱尔兰没有此类组织，只能她自己创办。故选A。
26．句意：现在，她正式地成为奥运会无舵雪橇选手。A. privately“私下地”；B. traditionally“传统上地”；C. similarly“相似地”；D. officially“正式地，官方地”。根据下文"Desmond got the honor of 1 8 her country in Beijing,"可知，她在北京代表她的国家，因此她是爱尔兰的正式的奥运选手。故选D。
27．句意：我是一名普通外科医生，我有所有这些显而易见的挑战，但我认为每个人都尽了最大努力才来到这里。A. visible“显而易见的”；B. imaginary“想象的”；C. absurd“荒谬的”；D. dangerous“危险的”。根据上文"She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start 6 at a young age, and she could not balance a(n) 7 job with competing in a sport. The biggest 8 simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization."可知，挑战显而易见。故选A。
28．句意：她预计将于本周五返回工作岗位，因为她离开一段时间去参加奥运会，现在她已经推迟了部分工作。A. off“离开”；B. up“向上”；C. out“出去”；D. away“远离”。根据语境可知，她为了参加奥运会比赛推迟了部分医务工作可知，医院给了她离开的时间，才使她可以去参加冬奥会。故选A。
29．句意：她预计将于本周五返回工作岗位，因为她离开一段时间去参加奥运会，现在她已经推迟了部分工作。A.ruined“毁坏”；B. exceeded“超过”；C. covered“覆盖”；D. delayed“推迟”。根据空前"She is expected to return to work on this Friday"可知，她是推迟了工作来参赛的。故选D。
30．句意：Desmond必须在这两份要求很高的工作之间找到平衡——一年中抽出几个月的时间来滑雪，同时又要从事医学研究。A. frustrating“令人沮丧的”；B. rewarding“值得的”；C. demanding“要求高的”；D. embarrassing“令人尴尬的”。根据下文" There was a(n) 15 last season when she had to take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders from different countries were staying. "可知，Desmond既要抽时间滑雪又要要从事医学研究。故选C。
31．句意：上一季有一段时间，她不得不在德国的酒店里接受重要的体检，而来自不同国家的滑雪者们也住在那里。A. interview“采访”；B.time“时间”；C. vacation“假期”；D. chance“机会”。there was a time when... 固定句型，"曾经有一段时间……"。故选B。
32．句意：我不得不在门上贴标语，用六种语言写着“请勿打扰，考试正在进行中”。A. peace“和平”；B. need“需要”；C. progress“进展”；D. public“公众”。根据空前"Do not disturb"可知，考试在进行中，请不要打扰。in progress固定短语，"进行中"。故选C。
33．句意："我不得不在门上贴标语，用六种语言写着‘请勿打扰，考试正在进行中'。" 。Desmond获得了代表爱尔兰参加北京奥运会的荣誉，并成为周五开幕式上两名持爱尔兰国旗的人之一。A. characters“特点”；B. approaches“方法”；C.styles“风格”；D. languages“语言”。根据上文" There was a(n) 15 last season when she had to take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders from different countries were staying. "可知，来自不同国家的人都住在这个酒店，所以是用不同语言提醒不要打扰。故选D。
34．句意：Desmond有幸代表爱尔兰参加了北京奥运会，在周五的开幕式上，她是两名举着爱尔兰国旗的人之一。A. investigating“调查”；B. preserving“保存”；C. strengthening“加强”；D. representing“代表”。根据空后"being one of two people 19 Ireland's flag during the opening ceremony on Friday"可知，Desmond代表自己的国家，手举国旗，参加开幕式。故选D。
35．句意：Desmond有幸代表爱尔兰参加了北京奥运会，在周五的开幕式上，她是两名举着爱尔兰国旗的人之一。A. holding“拿着”；B. raising“引起”；C. preparing“准备”；D. storing“储存”。根据空后"Ireland's flag"可知，旗手是握着旗杆，高举旗帜进入会场。故选A。
36．句意：我想我无法用语言来表达我带领团队的兴奋之情。A. set down“放下”；B. put into“把……放在里面”；C. pick up“捡起”；D. get through“通过”。第一次参加冬运会的Desmond作为国家的旗手，应该是激动得难以言表，put into words，固定短语，"用语言表达"。故选B。
【答案】37．mostly；38．pays；39．to found；40．contributions；41．being；42．when；43．closed；44．a；45．was admired；46．that
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了伟大科学家爱因斯坦的贡献以及生平。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及副词，时态，非谓语动词，名词，定语从句，形容词，冠词，语态，强调句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
37．句意：小说家和教授的区别在于，前者多是用自己非凡的创作天才通过写小说来激发人们的激情，而后者则更注重学术研究。此处副词修饰动词uses，作状语，故填mostly。
38．句意：小说家和教授的区别在于，前者多是用自己非凡的创作天才通过写小说来激发人们的激情，而后者则更注重学术研究。空前the latter指的是前文的a professor作主语，所以空处应为谓语动词。结合语境可知，应为一般现在时，故填pays。
39．句意：政治家想要找到自己的理论并试图掌权。want to do sth. 固定短语，"想要做某事"，不定式为宾语。故填to found。
40．句意：他对世界作出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。make contributions to sth.固定短语， "为……做贡献"，故填contributions。
41．句意：他对世界作出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。此处和空前省略的指代contribution的代词one之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，故填being。
42．句意：情况在1933年发生了变化，那时希特勒在德国掌权。 Hitler came to power in Germany 是非限制性定语从句，先行词1933，且在定语从句中充当时间状语的when。故填when。
43．句意：爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他紧闭。分此处形容词作宾补，对宾语"he doors of academic institutions"进行补充说明。形容词表示状态，表示"门是关闭的"。故填closed。
44．句意：因此，他不得不逃离德国。as a consequence固定短语，"因此，结果"，故填a。
45．句意：尽管他性格古怪，但他遇到的朋友和邻居都很钦佩他。此处是谓语动词，结合句意以及空后的"by"可知，谓语动词应为被动，照应全文时态，应为一般过去时。故填was admired。
46．句意：1955年4月18日，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去一位杰出的科学家而哀悼。分析句子成分可知，应为强调句型"It is/was...that..."，本句强调的是时间。故填that。
47．【答案】As；the；saying；goes
【知识点】一般现在时；非限制性定语从句；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意可知，空处应为意为"正如谚语所说；常言道"的固定句型as the saying goes，此句型中as引导的为非限制性定语从句。故填As the saying goes。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及as引导的非限制性定语从句和一般现在时。
48．【答案】acknowledged；his；help
【知识点】一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意及所给句子可知，"感谢"使用动词acknowledge，"他的帮助"使用his help，句子陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填acknowledged；his；help。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时。
49．【答案】It；is；crucial；that
【知识点】一般现在时；固定句式；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句中涉及固定句型"It is crucial that…"，意为"……是极其重要的"，句中"It"作形式主语，"that"引导的从句作真正的主语，"crucial"意为"极其重要的，至关重要的"，形容词词性，句首单词首字母大写。故填It； is； crucial ；that。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时以及固定句式It is crucial that…。
50．【答案】focusing/concentrating；on；leave；alone
【知识点】固定短语；现在进行时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】分析句子可知，前两空表示"正在聚精会神"，谓语动词应用现在进行时，所以空处应填固定短语搭配focus/ concentrate on，表示"聚精会神"；后两空表示"别去打扰他"也就是"让他一个人待着"，要用leave的复合结构leave+宾语+宾补，所以应用固定搭配leave sb. alone，表示"让某人一个人呆着"，had better do sth.为固定用法，意为"最好做某事"，空处需填动词原形。故填focusing/ concentrating；on ；leave ；alone。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及动词短语 focus/ concentrate on，leave sb. alone以及现在进行时。
51．【答案】desire；independence
【知识点】汉译英；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】根据句意表示"渴望"应用名词desire；表示"独立"应用名词independence。故填desire；independence。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及名词作宾语。
52．【答案】apologize
【知识点】固定短语；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文提示可知缺少"因……向某人道歉"，apologize to sb. for sth.固定短语，must是情态动词，后接动词原形，故填apologize 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及动词短语apologize to sb. for sth.。
53．【答案】commit；yourself
【知识点】固定短语；汉译英
【解析】【分析】对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为"承诺做某事"，是固定短语commit oneself to，主语是you，反身代词用yourself，must是情态动词，其后动词用原形，因此空格处是commit yourself 。故填commit； yourself 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语commit oneself to。
54．【答案】A Discussion on Ideal Jobs
What job would you like to do in the future Our class had a discussion on it this week. Here are the results of our discussion.
Some students want to be engineers out of the consideration that engineers can make contributions to the construction of our country. Of course, some would like to be science researchers, whose work is of great importance to the development of science. Besides, to be medical workers is also a hot choice because they can protect the nation's health.
In my view, whatever job we may choose in the future, we all have to do our part for the development of our country.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 根据讨论结果写一篇短文投稿 。写作背景： 学校英文报正在开展以"What is your ideal job in the future "为主题的讨论。你班讨论的结果主要如下：1.做工程师，为国家建设做贡献；2.做科研工作者，促进科技发展；3.做医务工作者，保护国民健康。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）讨论的结果描述；2）你的观点。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Here are the results of our discussion.运用了倒装句；Some students want to be engineers out of the consideration that engineers can make contributions to the construction of our country. 运用了同位语从句；Of course, some would like to be science researchers, whose work is of great importance to the development of science.运用了非限制性定语从句； Besides, to be medical workers is also a hot choice because they can protect the nation's health.运用了不定式作主语，原因状语从句；In my view, whatever job we may choose in the future, we all have to do our part for the development of our country.运用了让步状语从句。
55．【答案】 She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry have her phone under the table. Mo looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Terry was too busy looking at her phone and she didn't hear him as he walked silently up to her table. Mr Reed didn't say anything. He just picked up her exam paper, and told Terry to leave the room. Terry was crying as she walked to the door. Everyone was staring at her and Mo felt really guilty now.
Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she saw Terry. "Mo, I want to talk to you." Mo could see that Terry had been crying, her face was pale and her eyes were red. Mo couldn't say a word. "Listen," said Terry. "I'm really sorry I haven't answered any of your calls, but we're having a terrible time at home. My dad had a heart attack two weeks ago and he's in hospital. He had a big heart operation today and I was very worried about him. I was reading texts from my mum to see how the operation was going. I'm sorry I didn't tell you what was happening. I haven't forgotten that you're a good friend. Will you forgive me "
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。讲述了作者Mo物理不好，她的好朋友Terry物理很好，原本答应帮助Mo补课，但是考试前两周Terry根本不接电话也不回短信，打电话到她家时，她妈妈说她很忙，作者很生气，结果考试当天作者Mo看到Terry在考试物理的时候看手机，认为Terry是在作弊，并且怀疑她以前的成绩也是假的，物理考试过后，作者想找她谈谈，但是没有见到Terry，作者纠结再三，向老师Mr Reed告发了Terry。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"她正在写最后一道题时看到Terry把手机放在了桌子下面。"可知，第一段可描写作者告诉老师Terry作弊，老师现场抓到Terry看手机的情况，以及作者和Terry的表现。②由第二段首句内容"Mo正朝着校门口走去，突然看到了Terry。"可知，第二段可描写Terry跟作者Mo解释考试看手机的真实原因以及没有帮她补习的原因。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Terry was too busy looking at her phone and she didn't hear him as he walked silently up to her table.运用了并列句，宾语从句； Terry was crying as she walked to the door. 运用了时间状语从句；Everyone was staring at her and Mo felt really guilty now.运用了并列句； Mo could see that Terry had been crying, her face was pale and her eyes were red. 运用了宾语从句，并列句； "Listen," said Terry.运用了倒装句；"I'm really sorry I haven't answered any of your calls, but we're having a terrible time at home. 运用了转折并列句；My dad had a heart attack two weeks ago and he's in hospital. 运用了并列句；He had a big heart operation today and I was very worried about him. 运用了并列句；I was reading texts from my mum to see how the operation was going.运用了不定式作目的状语，宾语从句； I'm sorry I didn't tell you what was happening.运用了宾语从句； I haven't forgotten that you're a good friend. 运用了宾语从句。
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广东省陆丰市名校2022-2023学年高二上学期11月月考二英语试题
一、阅读理解(共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分)
（2022高二上·陆丰月考）阅读理解
China's long history has seen many scientists making great contributions to the development of ancient China and even the world. We have selected several greatest scientists in ancient China and hope to help you learn more about Chinese science and technology.
Zhang Zhongjing (150-219) was a Chinese physician in Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). He founded medication principles and summarized the medicinal experience before his time. His famous work " Shang Han Za Bing Lun " had a major influence on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Today, this great book was still considered very important in the practice of Chinese medicine.
Li Daoyuan (AD 427 or 469-527) was a great Chinese geographer during the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). He wrote the famous work "Commentary to the River Classic " (Shui Jing Zhu). The book is a great work on the ancient geography of China and it sums up China's geography and its surrounding areas before Northern Wei Dynasty.
Sun Simiao was an outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). He was called "China's King of Medicine " for his important contributions to Chinese traditional medicine. Sun authored two books — "Qian Jin Yao Fang" and "Qian Jin Yi Fang" that were both landmarks in Chinese medicine history.
Shen Kuo was a great Chinese scientist and politician of the Song Dynasty (960-1279). He compiled (汇编) an scientific work "Dream Pool Essays", which involves a lot descriptions about the animals and plants in the country. Shen also first described the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (航行). His discovery of concept of true north towards the north pole was four hundred years earlier than Europe.
1．The passage is mainly written to ________ .
A．encourage readers to learn from these great scientists
B．explain what contributes to the development of ancient China
C．broaden readers' horizons on Chinese science and technology
D．introduce the great medical contributions Chinese scientists made
2．Whose work had a great effect on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine
A．Zhang Zhongjing's B．Li Daoyuan's
C．Sun Simiao's D．Shen Kuo's
3．What do we know about Shen Kuo
A．He was a Chinese physician in Han Dynasty.
B．He worked on the ancient geography of China.
C．He was regarded as "China's King of Medicine".
D．He described the animals and plants a lot in his work.
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
【知识点】细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了四位伟大的中国科学家。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"We have selected several greatest scientists in ancient China and hope to help you learn more about Chinese science and technology.”我们精选了几位中国古代最伟大的科学家，希望能帮助大家更多地了解中国的科学技术。可知，写这篇文章的主要目的是希望能帮助大家更多地了解中国的科学技术。故选C。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"His famous work Shang han za bing lun had a major influence on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine.”他的著名著作《商汉杂病论》对中医实践产生了重大影响，可知，张仲景的著名著作《商汉杂病论》对中医实践产生了重大影响。故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"He compiled (汇编) an scientific work Dream Pool Essays , which involves a lot descriptions about the animals and plants in the country.”他编写了一部科学著作《梦溪笔谈》，其中涉及到很多关于这个国家的动植物的描述。可知，沈括编写了一部科学著作《梦溪笔谈》，其中涉及到很多关于这个国家的动植物的描述。故选D。
（2022高一上·新乡月考）
阅读理解
"The
mosquitofish is one of the 100 world's worst invasive (侵入的) species, and present methods
to kill it are too expensive. It will take too much time to successfully
control the spread of the mosquitofish," says Giovanni Polverino.
"This global pest is a serious threat to many animals living in water.
Instead of killing them one by one, we're presenting an approach that can
inform better strategies to control this global pest. We made their worst
nightmare become real: a robot that scares the mosquitofish but not the other
animals around it."
In
the presence of the robotic fish, mosquitofish would stay closer to each other
and spend more time at the center of the testing area. They were unwilling to
swim to unknown waters. They also swam more crazily, with frequent and sharp
turns, than those who haven't met the robot. They swam away from the robot and
back to their living area. The influence of fear lasted. The scared fish were
less active, ate more, and froze longer, presenting signs of anxiety that
continued weeks after their last encounter (相遇) with
the robot.
For
the tadpoles (蝌蚪) the mosquitofish usually hunt
for food, the robot's presence was a change for the better. Tadpoles have poor
eyesight. They don't see the robot well. Because the robot changed the behavior
of the mosquitofish, the tadpoles didn't have predators (捕食者) at
their tails anymore and they were more willing to explore in the testing area.
"It turned out to be a positive thing for tadpoles. Once freed from the
danger of having mosquitofish around, they were not scared anymore. They're
happy. "
After
five weeks of brief encounters between the mosquitofish and the robot, the team
found that the fish spent more energy towards escaping than reproducing. Male
fish's bodies became thin.
"While
successful at preventing mosquitofish, the lab-grown robotic fish is not ready
to be put into the wild," says Maurizio Porfiri. The team will still have
to overcome technical challenges.
4．What do we know about mosquitofish
A．It is the most dangerous species.
B．It costs too much money to feed.
C．It is difficult to be seen by people.
D．It is harmful to many animals in water.
5．What's the second paragraph mainly about
A．The mosquitofish's living area.
B．The uses of the mosquitofish.
C．The mosquitofish's reaction to the robotic fish.
D．The encounter between mosquitofish and tadpoles.
6．What's the benefit of the robotic fish's presence for the tadpoles
A．They had better behavior. B．They had no more killers.
C．They were more adventurous. D．They could see the robot clearly.
7．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Robots Use Fear To Fight Invasive Fish
B．Mosquitofish Are The Most Dangerous Animals
C．Invasive Fish Are Spreading All Over The World
D．Robots Fish Are Hunting And Killing Mosquitofish
【答案】4．D
5．C
6．C
7．A
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；段落大意题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，食蚊鱼是世界上100种最严重的入侵物种之一，目前杀死它的方法太昂贵了。所以人们想到更好的策略来控制这种全球害虫，利用机器人，机器人可以吓到食蚊鱼，但不会吓到它周围的其它动物。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This global pest is a serious threat to many animals living in water.”这种全球性害虫对许多生活在水中的动物构成严重威胁。可知，食蚊鱼对水中的许多动物是有害的。故选D。
5．考查段落大意。根据第二段“In the presence of the robotic fish, Mosquitofish would stay closer to each other and spend more time at the center of the testing area. They were unwilling to swim to unknown waters. They also swam more crazily, with frequent and sharp turns, than those who haven't met the robot. They swam away from the robot and back to their living area. The influence of fear lasted. The scared fish were less active, ate more, and froze longer, presenting signs of anxiety that continued weeks after their last encounter(相遇)with the robot.”在机器鱼在场的情况下，食蚊鱼会相互靠近，并在测试区的中心花费更多时间。它们不愿意游到未知的水域。与那些没有遇到机器人的人相比，它们游得更疯狂，转弯频繁而急。它们游离机器人，回到它们的生活区。恐惧的影响持续了。受惊吓的鱼不太活跃，吃得更多，不动的时间更长，表现出焦虑的迹象，这种焦虑在它们最后一次遇到机器人后持续了几周。可知，第二段主要是关于食蚊鱼对机器鱼的反应。故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Because the robot changed the behavior of the mosquitofish, the tadpoles didn't have predators (捕食者) at their tails anymore and they were more willing to explore in the testing area.”因为机器人改变了食蚊鱼的行为，蝌蚪的尾巴不再有捕食者，它们更愿意在测试区探索。可知，机器鱼的出现对蝌蚪的好处是蝌蚪更喜欢冒险了。故选C。
7．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“This global pest is a serious threat to many animals living in water. Instead of killing them one by one, we're presenting an approach that can inform better strategies to control this global pest. We made their worst nightmare become real: a robot that scares the mosquitofish but not the other animals around it.”这种全球害虫对许多生活在水中的动物构成了严重威胁。我们没有逐一杀死它们，而是提出了一种方法，可以为控制这种全球害虫提供更好的策略。我们让它们最糟糕的噩梦变成了现实：一个机器人会吓唬食蚊鱼，但不会吓唬周围的其他动物。“机器人利用恐惧对抗入侵鱼类”适合做文章的标题，故选A。
（2022高二上·陆丰月考）
阅读理解
Recently, the magazine
Big Think asked top minds from a
variety of fields to comment on what the future holds 40 years from now. The
result is as follows.
It's likely that by
2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban (城市的) areas, and will have a much higher average age than people today.
Cities theorist Richard Florida thinks urbanization will reinvent the education
system of the United States, making our economy less real estate (房地产) driven and erasing(消除) the divisions
between home and work.
And rapidly advancing
technology will continue ever more rapidly. Cities of the future won't look
like "some sort of science-fiction fantasy", but it's likely that
technological advances and information overlays (VR and AR) will greatly change
how we live. Self-driving cars will make the roads safer and provide faster
transports. A larger version of driverless cars－driverless
trucks － may make long-distance drivers out of date.
Some long view
predictions are completely dire. Environmentalist Bill McKibben says
that if we don't make great progress in fighting global warming, it's likely we
could see out-of-control rises in sea levels, huge crop shortfalls, and wars
over limited freshwater resources.
In terms of how we
will eat, green markets founder and "real food" supporter Nina Planck
believes that there will be more small milk processing plants, and more
regional food operations and we'll be healthier as a result. New York Times feature writer Mark
Bittman thinks that people will eat fewer processed foods, and eat foods grown
closer to where they live. And Anson Mills farmer Glenn Roberts thinks that
more people will be aware of the "ethical(道德的)
responsibility" to grow and preserve land-raised farm systems.
8．What may happen by 2050
A．Most people will live in cities.
B．The aging population will drop.
C．Home education will become a trend.
D．The economy will be driven by real estate.
9．What do we know about technology in the future
A．It will give cities a science-fiction appearance.
B．It will greatly change the way people live.
C．It will lead to an increase in the number of cars.
D．It will ensure faster transports with fast cars.
10．What does the underlined word "dire" in the fourth paragraph mean
A．Interesting. B．Daring. C．Terrible. D．Creative.
11．What does Mark Bittman think of foods in the future
A．People will eat healthier and fresher foods.
B．Land-raised farm systems will be improved.
C．There will be more regional food operations.
D．Food supplies will become more limited than before.
【答案】8．A
9．B
10．C
11．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道杂志Big Think就40年后的世界会如何这一话题，邀请了各行各业的精英人士发表评论。并展示了评论内容。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"It's likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban (城市的) areas，”到2050年，世界上大多数人可能会生活在城市地区。可知，2050年大多数人将住在城镇地区。故选A。
9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Cities of the future won't look like ‘some sort of science-fiction fantasy'， but it's likely that technological advances and information overlays (VR and AR) will greatly change how we live.”虽然将来的城市不会像科幻小说幻想的那样，但技术的进步和信息覆盖会极大地改变我们的生活。可知，在未来科技会改变我们生活的方式。故选B。
10．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"Environmentalist Bill McKibben says that if we don't make great progress in fighting global warming, it's likely we could see out-of-control rises in sea levels, huge crop shortfalls, and wars over limited freshwater resources.”环境学家的推测：如果我们不加快与温室效应斗争，海平面上升可能会失控，粮食严重不足，因缺乏淡水资源导致的战争等问题都可能出现。可知，这是对将来世界不好一面的推测。可推知dire意为"糟糕的"，与terrible同义。故选C。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"New York Times feature writer Mark Bittman thinks that people will eat fewer processed foods, and eat foods grown closer to where they live. ”《纽约时报》特写作家Mark Bittman认为，人们会少吃加工食品，吃离他们住的地方更近的食物。可推知，Mark Bittman认为未来人们将会吃更健康和新鲜的食物。故选A。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2.5，共12.5分。）
（2022高二上·陆丰月考）阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. 　12． 　
The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.
The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting
　13． 　 —he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.
Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves. He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. 　14． 　 For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum. He is skeptical—he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available—and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. 　15． 　
Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. 　16． 　
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
A. First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity
B. To begin with, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own
C. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.
D. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.
E. He knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
F. He uses the facts he observes to the fullest extent.
G. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.
【答案】12．G；13．A；14．F；15．C；16．D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学态度的本质及科学家的思考和行动方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
12．根据空后"The first of these is…”第一方面是……；以及"The second aspect is…”第二方面是……。G. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science."然而，许多人认为我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面"引起下文，与空前"We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live.”我们都知道，科学在我们所生活的社会中扮演着重要的角色。是转折关系。故选G。
13．根据空前"What are these special methods of thinking and acting ” 这些特殊的思考和行动方法是什么？提出一个问题：科学家在工作中使用的特殊的思考和行动方法是什么？；以及空后"he wants to find out how and why the universe works”他想知道宇宙是如何运作的，以及为什么会这样。可知，A. First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity"首先，一个成功的科学家似乎都充满了好奇心"符合语境，因此破折号后的具体解释。故选A。
14．根据空前"He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes.”他是一个优秀的观察者，准确、耐心和客观，并将逻辑思维应用于他所做的观察；以及空后"For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.”例如，训练有素的观测者主要通过对光谱中出现的简单线条的准确分析来获得关于一颗恒星的大量信息。可知， F. He uses the facts he observes to the fullest extent. "他最大限度地利用他所观察到的事实"符合语境，下文举例说明。故选F。
15．根据空前"He is skeptical—he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available—and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth.”他是怀疑论者——他不接受那些没有以最完整的证据为基础的陈述——因此拒绝把权威作为真理的唯一基础。可知，科学家是怀疑论者， C. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them. "科学家总是检查各种说法，认真客观地做实验来验证它们"符合语境。故选C。
16．根据空前"Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete.”最后，他的想象力非常丰富，因为他经常要在复杂而且往往不完整的数据中寻找关系。可知，科学家的想象力丰富，D. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place."此外，如果他想对过程如何运作和事件如何发生作出假设，他就需要想象力"符合语境。故选D。
三、完形填空。（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分。）
（2022高二上·陆丰月考）
完形填空
Elsa Desmond knows she
is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics, but she is 17． as the first women's luge(无舵雪橇)Olympian from Ireland. She was the 26th to 18． the line in the first run of
the women's race on Monday night, 19． than none of the other
athletes. However, that did not 20． to her and she celebrated
with a large smile on her face.
Although she will not
win in Beijing, she has already won some 21． . She had been given many
reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start 22． at a young age, and she could
not balance a(n) 23． job with competing in a sport. The biggest 24． simply might have been that
Ireland did not have a luge organization. So, she 25． one herself; she had to
self-fund.
Now, 26． , she is a luge Olympian.
"I'm a doctor in general surgery, I have all these really 27． challenges, but I think
everyone has worked as hard as they can to be here. "She is expected to
return to work on this Friday because she was given some time 28． to compete in the Olympics,
and now she has 29． parts of her job.
Desmond has to balance
these two 30． jobs—sliding a few months out of the year and
living a life in medicine. There was a(n) 31． last season when she had to
take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders
from different countries were staying. "I had to stick signs on my door
saying ‘Do not disturb, exam in 32． , in about six different 33． ."
Desmond got the honor
of 34． her country in Beijing, and being one of two
people 35． Ireland's flag during the opening ceremony on
Friday. "I don't think I can 36． words how excited I was to
lead out the team. I really hope that I make my country proud."
17．A．visiting B．studying C．leading D．competing
18．A．break B．cross C．follow D．draw
19．A．slower B．lower C．faster D．higher
20．A．upset B．respond C．happen D．matter
21．A．potentials B．challenges C．operations D．alternatives
22．A．swimming B．sliding C．sailing D．running
23．A．financial B．athletic C．medical D．educational
24．A．expectation B．achievement C．difficulty D．pleasure
25．A．started B．stopped C．continued D．joined
26．A．privately B．traditionally C．similarly D．officially
27．A．visible B．imaginary C．absurd D．dangerous
28．A．off B．up C．out D．away
29．A．ruined B．exceeded C．covered D．delayed
30．A．frustrating B．rewarding C．demanding D．embarrassing
31．A．interview B．time C．vacation D．chance
32．A．peace B．need C．progress D．public
33．A．characters B．approaches C．styles D．languages
34．A．investigating B．preserving C．strengthening D．representing
35．A．holding B．raising C．preparing D．storing
36．A．set
down B．put into C．pick up D．get through
【答案】17．D；18．B；19．C；20．D；21．B；22．B；23．C；24．C；25．A；26．D；27．A；28．A；29．D；30．C；31．B；32．C；33．D；34．D；35．A；36．B
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了克服了种种困难，最终才能参加冬奥会的一名普外科医生Elsa Desmond以爱尔兰的第一名无舵雪橇奥运女选手的身份参加了北京冬奥会，尽管在第一场角逐中就已经排在第26位，但是她依旧满心欢喜。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．句意：Elsa Desmond知道她不会在北京冬奥会上赢得奖牌，但她作为第一位来自爱尔兰的女子无舵雪橇奥运选手参加了北京冬奥会。A. visiting“拜访，游览”；B. studying“学习 ”；C. leading“领导”；D. competing“参赛”。根据空前"Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics."可知，她是来参加冬奥会的。故选D。
18．句意：在周一晚上的第一轮女子比赛中，她是第26个冲过终点线的运动员，比其他任何运动员都慢。A. break“打破”；B. cross“越过”；C. follow“眼随”；D. draw“吸引”。根据下文"However, that did not 4 to her"可知，前后为对照关系，说明Elsa比赛成绩落后于任何其他选手，但是冲过终点线，排名第26。故选B。
19．句意：在周一晚上的第一轮女子比赛中，她是第26个冲过终点线的运动员，没有比其他任何运动员都快。A. slower“更慢的”；B. lower“更低的”；C. faster“更快的”；D. higher“更简高的”。根据空前"She was the 26th to 2 the line"可知，她比别的选手滑得慢，也就是没有比他们中任更何人快。故选C。
20．句意：然而，这对她来说并不重要，她脸上挂着灿烂的微笑庆祝。A. upset“失落”；B. respond“回应”；C. happen“发生”；D. matter“起作用，要紧”。根据空后"She celebrated with a large smile on her face."可知，尽管比赛成绩不如别人，她还是满怀喜悦地庆祝，可推知她第26的名次对她来说并不重要。故选D。
21．句意：虽然她不会在北京获胜，但她已经战胜了一些挑战。A. potentials“潜力”；B. challenges“挑战”；C. operation“操作，手术”；D. alternatives“选择”。根据下文的"She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start 　 6 at a young age, and she could not balance a(n) 7 job with competing in a sport. The biggest 8 simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization."可知，她在此之前，面临并且克服了很多的困难挑战，才得以最终参加冬奥会。故选B。
22．句意：人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的理由：她太矮了，她不是从小就开始滑雪橇的，她无法在医疗工作和参加体育比赛之间取得平衡。A. swimming"游泳"；B. sliding"滑"；C. sailing"航行"；D. running"跑步"。genju 上文"Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics, but she is 1 as the first women's luge(无舵雪橇) Olympian from Ireland."可知，Elsa Desmond参加的奥运项是无舵滑雪。故选B。
23．句意：人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的理由：她太矮了，她不是从小就开始滑雪橇的，她无法在医疗工作和参加体育比赛之间取得平衡。A. financial“经济的”；B. athletic“运动的”；C. medical“医疗的”；D. educational“教育的”。根据下文"I'm a doctor in general surgery."可知，她是从事医学方面的工作。故选C。
24．句意：最大的困难可能是爱尔兰没有雪橇组织。A. expectation“期待”；B. achievement“成绩”；C. difficulty“困难”；D. pleasure“高兴”。根据上文"She had been given many reasons why she could not compete"可知，人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的理由和困难。故选C。
25．句意：于是，她自己创办了一家雪橇组织，她不得不自筹资金。A. started“创立”；B. stopped“停止”；C. continued“继续”；D. joined“加入”。根据上文"The biggest 8 simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization."可知，因为爱尔兰没有此类组织，只能她自己创办。故选A。
26．句意：现在，她正式地成为奥运会无舵雪橇选手。A. privately“私下地”；B. traditionally“传统上地”；C. similarly“相似地”；D. officially“正式地，官方地”。根据下文"Desmond got the honor of 1 8 her country in Beijing,"可知，她在北京代表她的国家，因此她是爱尔兰的正式的奥运选手。故选D。
27．句意：我是一名普通外科医生，我有所有这些显而易见的挑战，但我认为每个人都尽了最大努力才来到这里。A. visible“显而易见的”；B. imaginary“想象的”；C. absurd“荒谬的”；D. dangerous“危险的”。根据上文"She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start 6 at a young age, and she could not balance a(n) 7 job with competing in a sport. The biggest 8 simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization."可知，挑战显而易见。故选A。
28．句意：她预计将于本周五返回工作岗位，因为她离开一段时间去参加奥运会，现在她已经推迟了部分工作。A. off“离开”；B. up“向上”；C. out“出去”；D. away“远离”。根据语境可知，她为了参加奥运会比赛推迟了部分医务工作可知，医院给了她离开的时间，才使她可以去参加冬奥会。故选A。
29．句意：她预计将于本周五返回工作岗位，因为她离开一段时间去参加奥运会，现在她已经推迟了部分工作。A.ruined“毁坏”；B. exceeded“超过”；C. covered“覆盖”；D. delayed“推迟”。根据空前"She is expected to return to work on this Friday"可知，她是推迟了工作来参赛的。故选D。
30．句意：Desmond必须在这两份要求很高的工作之间找到平衡——一年中抽出几个月的时间来滑雪，同时又要从事医学研究。A. frustrating“令人沮丧的”；B. rewarding“值得的”；C. demanding“要求高的”；D. embarrassing“令人尴尬的”。根据下文" There was a(n) 15 last season when she had to take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders from different countries were staying. "可知，Desmond既要抽时间滑雪又要要从事医学研究。故选C。
31．句意：上一季有一段时间，她不得不在德国的酒店里接受重要的体检，而来自不同国家的滑雪者们也住在那里。A. interview“采访”；B.time“时间”；C. vacation“假期”；D. chance“机会”。there was a time when... 固定句型，"曾经有一段时间……"。故选B。
32．句意：我不得不在门上贴标语，用六种语言写着“请勿打扰，考试正在进行中”。A. peace“和平”；B. need“需要”；C. progress“进展”；D. public“公众”。根据空前"Do not disturb"可知，考试在进行中，请不要打扰。in progress固定短语，"进行中"。故选C。
33．句意："我不得不在门上贴标语，用六种语言写着‘请勿打扰，考试正在进行中'。" 。Desmond获得了代表爱尔兰参加北京奥运会的荣誉，并成为周五开幕式上两名持爱尔兰国旗的人之一。A. characters“特点”；B. approaches“方法”；C.styles“风格”；D. languages“语言”。根据上文" There was a(n) 15 last season when she had to take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders from different countries were staying. "可知，来自不同国家的人都住在这个酒店，所以是用不同语言提醒不要打扰。故选D。
34．句意：Desmond有幸代表爱尔兰参加了北京奥运会，在周五的开幕式上，她是两名举着爱尔兰国旗的人之一。A. investigating“调查”；B. preserving“保存”；C. strengthening“加强”；D. representing“代表”。根据空后"being one of two people 19 Ireland's flag during the opening ceremony on Friday"可知，Desmond代表自己的国家，手举国旗，参加开幕式。故选D。
35．句意：Desmond有幸代表爱尔兰参加了北京奥运会，在周五的开幕式上，她是两名举着爱尔兰国旗的人之一。A. holding“拿着”；B. raising“引起”；C. preparing“准备”；D. storing“储存”。根据空后"Ireland's flag"可知，旗手是握着旗杆，高举旗帜进入会场。故选A。
36．句意：我想我无法用语言来表达我带领团队的兴奋之情。A. set down“放下”；B. put into“把……放在里面”；C. pick up“捡起”；D. get through“通过”。第一次参加冬运会的Desmond作为国家的旗手，应该是激动得难以言表，put into words，固定短语，"用语言表达"。故选B。
四、语篇填空。（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
（2022高二上·陆丰月考）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The difference between a novelist and a professor is that the former 　37． 　 (most) uses his extraordinary creative genius to inspire people's passion by writing novels, while the latter 　38． 　 (pay) more attention to academic research. A politician wants 　39． 　 (found) his own theories and tries to come to power. A scientist hopes to make remarkable achievements and have more inventions and patents. Take Albert Einstein for example. He made numerous 　40． 　 (contribute) to the world, the most well-known 　41． 　 (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. He earned a doctorate in physics in 1905 and gradually became famous as the new Isaac Newton. Circumstances changed in 1933, 　42． 　 Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions 　43． 　 (close) to him. As 　44． 　 consequence, he had to flee Germany. He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Einstein was not only a genius, but also a very gentle man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities, he 　45． 　 (admire) by his friends and neighbours whom he encountered. It was on 18 April 1955 　46． 　 Einstein passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
【答案】37．mostly；38．pays；39．to found；40．contributions；41．being；42．when；43．closed；44．a；45．was admired；46．that
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了伟大科学家爱因斯坦的贡献以及生平。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及副词，时态，非谓语动词，名词，定语从句，形容词，冠词，语态，强调句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
37．句意：小说家和教授的区别在于，前者多是用自己非凡的创作天才通过写小说来激发人们的激情，而后者则更注重学术研究。此处副词修饰动词uses，作状语，故填mostly。
38．句意：小说家和教授的区别在于，前者多是用自己非凡的创作天才通过写小说来激发人们的激情，而后者则更注重学术研究。空前the latter指的是前文的a professor作主语，所以空处应为谓语动词。结合语境可知，应为一般现在时，故填pays。
39．句意：政治家想要找到自己的理论并试图掌权。want to do sth. 固定短语，"想要做某事"，不定式为宾语。故填to found。
40．句意：他对世界作出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。make contributions to sth.固定短语， "为……做贡献"，故填contributions。
41．句意：他对世界作出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。此处和空前省略的指代contribution的代词one之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，故填being。
42．句意：情况在1933年发生了变化，那时希特勒在德国掌权。 Hitler came to power in Germany 是非限制性定语从句，先行词1933，且在定语从句中充当时间状语的when。故填when。
43．句意：爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他紧闭。分此处形容词作宾补，对宾语"he doors of academic institutions"进行补充说明。形容词表示状态，表示"门是关闭的"。故填closed。
44．句意：因此，他不得不逃离德国。as a consequence固定短语，"因此，结果"，故填a。
45．句意：尽管他性格古怪，但他遇到的朋友和邻居都很钦佩他。此处是谓语动词，结合句意以及空后的"by"可知，谓语动词应为被动，照应全文时态，应为一般过去时。故填was admired。
46．句意：1955年4月18日，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去一位杰出的科学家而哀悼。分析句子成分可知，应为强调句型"It is/was...that..."，本句强调的是时间。故填that。
五、按照中文意思完成句子。（每空0.5分，共10分）
47．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）常言道："良好的开端是成功的一半。"
　 　　 　　 　　 　: "A good beginning is half done."
【答案】As；the；saying；goes
【知识点】一般现在时；非限制性定语从句；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意可知，空处应为意为"正如谚语所说；常言道"的固定句型as the saying goes，此句型中as引导的为非限制性定语从句。故填As the saying goes。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及as引导的非限制性定语从句和一般现在时。
48．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）她在信中感谢了他的帮助。
She　 　　 　　 　 in her letter.
【答案】acknowledged；his；help
【知识点】一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意及所给句子可知，"感谢"使用动词acknowledge，"他的帮助"使用his help，句子陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填acknowledged；his；help。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时。
49．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。
　 　　 　　 　　 　we get this right.
【答案】It；is；crucial；that
【知识点】一般现在时；固定句式；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句中涉及固定句型"It is crucial that…"，意为"……是极其重要的"，句中"It"作形式主语，"that"引导的从句作真正的主语，"crucial"意为"极其重要的，至关重要的"，形容词词性，句首单词首字母大写。故填It； is； crucial ；that。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时以及固定句式It is crucial that…。
50．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）汤姆在聚精会神地做作业，你最好别去打扰他。
Tom is 　 　　 　 his homework, so you'd better 　 　 him 　 　.
【答案】focusing/concentrating；on；leave；alone
【知识点】固定短语；现在进行时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】分析句子可知，前两空表示"正在聚精会神"，谓语动词应用现在进行时，所以空处应填固定短语搭配focus/ concentrate on，表示"聚精会神"；后两空表示"别去打扰他"也就是"让他一个人待着"，要用leave的复合结构leave+宾语+宾补，所以应用固定搭配leave sb. alone，表示"让某人一个人呆着"，had better do sth.为固定用法，意为"最好做某事"，空处需填动词原形。故填focusing/ concentrating；on ；leave ；alone。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及动词短语 focus/ concentrate on，leave sb. alone以及现在进行时。
51．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）你既对独立有新的渴望，却又不断索取着父母的关爱和支持。
You have both a new 　 　for 　 　 and a continued need for your parents' love and support.
【答案】desire；independence
【知识点】汉译英；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】根据句意表示"渴望"应用名词desire；表示"独立"应用名词independence。故填desire；independence。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及名词作宾语。
52．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）我必须向你道歉，因为我没有及时回信。
I must　 　 to you for not replying to your letter on time.
【答案】apologize
【知识点】固定短语；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文提示可知缺少"因……向某人道歉"，apologize to sb. for sth.固定短语，must是情态动词，后接动词原形，故填apologize 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及动词短语apologize to sb. for sth.。
53．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）你必须承诺按时完成任务。
You must 　 　　 　to finishing the task on time.
【答案】commit；yourself
【知识点】固定短语；汉译英
【解析】【分析】对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为"承诺做某事"，是固定短语commit oneself to，主语是you，反身代词用yourself，must是情态动词，其后动词用原形，因此空格处是commit yourself 。故填commit； yourself 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语commit oneself to。
六、写作（共两小节，满分40分）
54．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）
学校英文报正在开展以"What is your ideal job in
the future "为主题的讨论。你班讨论的结果主要如下：1.做工程师，为国家建设做贡献；2.做科研工作者，促进科技发展；3.做医务工作者，保护国民健康。请根据讨论结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1）讨论的结果描述；
2）你的观点。
注意：
1）写作词数应为80左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Discussion on Ideal
Jobs
What job would you
like to do in the future
……
【答案】A Discussion on Ideal Jobs
What job would you like to do in the future Our class had a discussion on it this week. Here are the results of our discussion.
Some students want to be engineers out of the consideration that engineers can make contributions to the construction of our country. Of course, some would like to be science researchers, whose work is of great importance to the development of science. Besides, to be medical workers is also a hot choice because they can protect the nation's health.
In my view, whatever job we may choose in the future, we all have to do our part for the development of our country.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 根据讨论结果写一篇短文投稿 。写作背景： 学校英文报正在开展以"What is your ideal job in the future "为主题的讨论。你班讨论的结果主要如下：1.做工程师，为国家建设做贡献；2.做科研工作者，促进科技发展；3.做医务工作者，保护国民健康。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）讨论的结果描述；2）你的观点。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Here are the results of our discussion.运用了倒装句；Some students want to be engineers out of the consideration that engineers can make contributions to the construction of our country. 运用了同位语从句；Of course, some would like to be science researchers, whose work is of great importance to the development of science.运用了非限制性定语从句； Besides, to be medical workers is also a hot choice because they can protect the nation's health.运用了不定式作主语，原因状语从句；In my view, whatever job we may choose in the future, we all have to do our part for the development of our country.运用了让步状语从句。
55．（2022高二上·陆丰月考）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mo was waiting in the
corridor outside her class. She was feeling sick. She had two exams that day
and physics was first. She really hated physics. It was her worst subject.
Terry looked back at her from the front of the line, and then looked away quickly.
Mo thought she looked guilty. She didn't have a problem with physics; she didn't
have a problem with anything... Miss Perfect!
"Hi, Mo, it's
your favourite exam today," said Nina, laughing as she joined the line.
Terry was looking at Mo again. "So what's wrong with her " asked
Nina. "I thought you were friends." "Yes, so did I," said
Mo. "But she hasn't spoken to me for two weeks now. She promised to help
me review for the physics exam too, but then she's ignored all my calls and
texts. And when I rang her house, her mum just told me she was busy." said
Mo angrily. At that time, Mr Reed asked all the students into the exam room.
Mo couldn't answer
question number five. She looked up and saw Terry sitting two rows in front of
her. Mo couldn't believe it! Terry was holding her phone on her knees under the
table and reading from it. Is that how Terry always got such good grades She
felt really angry at Terry, but she didn't know what to do. She thought about
telling the teacher, but what would everyone else think of her "Stop
writing and put your pens down." said Mr Reed as he started to collect the
exam papers.
Mo wanted to talk to
Terry at lunch time, but she couldn't find her anywhere. The next exam was
history. That was Mo's favourite subject but she wasn't feeling good. Mo went
to the library to study, but she couldn't concentrate. "It wasn't fair!"
she thought. "Terry was getting good grades by cheating all that time,"
thought Mo. Just then, Mr Reed walked past her table. "Mr Reed."
Mo was sitting behind
Terry again in the history exam that afternoon. Mo was feeling terrible. Why
had she told Mr Reed But it was too late now. And anyway, Terry didn't want to
be her friend! Mr Reed wanted her to look at her and nod if she saw that Terry
was cheating in the exam.
注意：1）续写词数应为150左右;
2）请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph1：
She was working on the
last question when she saw that Terry have her phone under the table.
Paragraph2：
Mo was walking towards
the school gate, when she saw Terry. "Mo, I want to talk to you."
【答案】 She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry have her phone under the table. Mo looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Terry was too busy looking at her phone and she didn't hear him as he walked silently up to her table. Mr Reed didn't say anything. He just picked up her exam paper, and told Terry to leave the room. Terry was crying as she walked to the door. Everyone was staring at her and Mo felt really guilty now.
Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she saw Terry. "Mo, I want to talk to you." Mo could see that Terry had been crying, her face was pale and her eyes were red. Mo couldn't say a word. "Listen," said Terry. "I'm really sorry I haven't answered any of your calls, but we're having a terrible time at home. My dad had a heart attack two weeks ago and he's in hospital. He had a big heart operation today and I was very worried about him. I was reading texts from my mum to see how the operation was going. I'm sorry I didn't tell you what was happening. I haven't forgotten that you're a good friend. Will you forgive me "
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。讲述了作者Mo物理不好，她的好朋友Terry物理很好，原本答应帮助Mo补课，但是考试前两周Terry根本不接电话也不回短信，打电话到她家时，她妈妈说她很忙，作者很生气，结果考试当天作者Mo看到Terry在考试物理的时候看手机，认为Terry是在作弊，并且怀疑她以前的成绩也是假的，物理考试过后，作者想找她谈谈，但是没有见到Terry，作者纠结再三，向老师Mr Reed告发了Terry。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"她正在写最后一道题时看到Terry把手机放在了桌子下面。"可知，第一段可描写作者告诉老师Terry作弊，老师现场抓到Terry看手机的情况，以及作者和Terry的表现。②由第二段首句内容"Mo正朝着校门口走去，突然看到了Terry。"可知，第二段可描写Terry跟作者Mo解释考试看手机的真实原因以及没有帮她补习的原因。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Terry was too busy looking at her phone and she didn't hear him as he walked silently up to her table.运用了并列句，宾语从句； Terry was crying as she walked to the door. 运用了时间状语从句；Everyone was staring at her and Mo felt really guilty now.运用了并列句； Mo could see that Terry had been crying, her face was pale and her eyes were red. 运用了宾语从句，并列句； "Listen," said Terry.运用了倒装句；"I'm really sorry I haven't answered any of your calls, but we're having a terrible time at home. 运用了转折并列句；My dad had a heart attack two weeks ago and he's in hospital. 运用了并列句；He had a big heart operation today and I was very worried about him. 运用了并列句；I was reading texts from my mum to see how the operation was going.运用了不定式作目的状语，宾语从句； I'm sorry I didn't tell you what was happening.运用了宾语从句； I haven't forgotten that you're a good friend. 运用了宾语从句。
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