资源简介

考向23 完形填空（15空）
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真题典例
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Passage1（2022年新高考II卷）
Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it ___1___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___2___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___3___ .
They’re part of a new form of the ___4___ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in ___5___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___6___ .
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___7___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to ___8___ . But house sitting also offers a level of ___9___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like ____10____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
The couple has a high ____11____ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s ____12____ . For Jessica, that means ____13____ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house ____14____ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right ____15____ ,” she says.
1．A．indoors B．online C．single-handed D．full-time
2．A．game B．service C．vacation D．procedure
3．A．safe B．busy C．helpful D．affordable
4．A．local B．private C．sharing D．agricultural
5．A．strangers’ B．parents’ C．co-workers’ D．neighbors’
6．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
7．A．plan B．explain C．compare D．complete
8．A．buy B．transport C．choose D．please
9．A．support B．comfort C．control D．attention
10．A．cooking B．staying C．waiting D．studying
11．A．success B．survival C．growth D．unemployment
12．A．budget B．abilities C．expectations D．understanding
13．A．admiring B．donating C．sending D．borrowing
14．A．clean B．open C．simple D．empty
15．A．guess B．decision C．response D．impression
【答案】1．D2．C3．D4．C5．A6．D7．A8．D9．B10．B
11．A12．C13．C14．A15．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情。在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.(在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的；B. busy忙碌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. affordable买的起的。对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。故选D。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是共享经济新形式的一部分：在线看房者。A. local当地的；B. private私人的；C. sharing分享；D. agricultural农业的。根据后文“economy: an online group of house sitters”以及提到他们免费住在陌生人家里，可见是共享经济，故选C。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. plan计划；B. explain解释；C. compare比较；D. complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅行，应用plan。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. buy购买；B. transport运输；C. choose选择；D. please取悦。根据上文“the pets that are sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管，故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪；B. staying停留；C. waiting等待；D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. success成功；B. survival存活；C. growth生长；D. unemployment失业。根据后文“rate in getting accepted as house sitters”可知此处指他们被接受为看房人的成功率，应用success。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. budget预算；B. abilities能力；C. expectations期待；D. understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，是因为他们总是超出房主的预期，所以成功率才高。故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. admiring钦佩；B. donating捐赠；C. sending发送；D. borrowing借来。根据后文“plenty of pictures of happy pets”指给房主发送宠物的照片。故选C。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. clean干净的；B. open开放的；C. simple简单的；D. empty空的。根据上文可知，他们的职责就是照看房子，所以要保持房子的清洁。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你要让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定，”她说。A. guess猜测；B. decision决定；C. response反应；D. impression印象。是房主选择了他们当看房人，所以是房主做了正确的决定，故选B。
Passage2（2022年新高考I卷）
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our ___16___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___17___ along Chalk Creek. I was ___18___ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was ___19___, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So ___20___ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It ___21___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___22___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___23___ our peaceful morning trip. The ___24___ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to ______25______ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No ______26______. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ______27______, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were ______28______.
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of ______29______, wondering what camping fun and ______30______ we will experience next.
16．A．ideas B．jokes C．memories D．discoveries
17．A．camped B．drove C．walked D．cycled
18．A．annoyed B．surprised C．disappointed D．worried
19．A．unhurt B．unfortunate C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
20．A．due to B．instead of C．apart from D．as for
21．A．worked B．happened C．mattered D．changed
22．A．signed up B．calmed down C．checked out D．headed off
23．A．arranged B．interrupted C．completed D．recorded
24．A．wind B．noise C．temperature D．speed
25．A．find B．hide C．start D．fix
26．A．luck B．answer C．wonder D．signal
27．A．patiently B．tirelessly C．doubtfully D．helplessly
28．A．sorry B．brave C．safe D．right
29．A．relief B．duty C．pride D．excitement
30．A．failure B．adventure C．performance D．conflict
【答案】16．C17．A18．D19．C20．B21．A22．D23．B24．A
25．C26．A27．D28．C29．D30．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险，并且作者和家人都十分期待即将经历的冒险。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法；B. jokes笑话；C. memories记忆；D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可知，作者在讲述以前一些经历，这些经历回想起来很有趣，因此作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C项。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，作者与家人在过去的十年来有着美妙的露营经历，而此处作者讲述的是其中的一次经历，他们一起在溪边露营。故选A项。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. surprised惊讶的C. disappointed失望的；D. worried担心的。根据下文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”可知，作者把一根绳子系在儿子的腰上就是怕自己的孩子会掉进小溪里，所以可知作者对此是很担心的。故选D项。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可知，孩子之所以哭是因为身上被绑绳子而感觉不舒服。故选C项。
20．考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以我没有把他绑起来，而是密切关注着他。A. due to由于；B. instead of代替，而不是；C. apart from除了；D. as for至于。根据上文“He was___4___, and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可知，因为孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者换了另一种方式，选择密切关注他，而不是在他身上绑绳子。故选B项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它起作用了，他最终没有掉进小溪里。A. worked起作用；B. happened发生；C. mattered事关紧要；D. changed改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek.”可知，孩子没有掉进小溪里是因为作者在密切关注着他，以防他掉下去，因此可知作者采取的这种关注小孩而不是用绳子把他绑起来的方式起作用了。故选A项。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册，报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房，结账离开；D. headed off启程，出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可知，天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可知，因为风暴来临，所以作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”以及下文的“thunder rolled.”可知，天气变得很糟糕，大风刮了起来。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. start启动；D. fix修理。根据下文“Nothing. He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，作者他们被困在湖中央，是因为马达坏了，发动不起来，因此可知作者的丈夫尝试将船启动。故选C项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有好运。A. luck好运；B. answer回答；C. wonder惊奇；D. signal信号。根据下文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，作者的丈夫再次尝试启动，船依然无法启动，因此可知他们运气很差，没有好运。故选A项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们安全了。A. sorry抱歉的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全的；D. right正确的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可知，作者他们得到了渔夫的帮助，因此作者和家人安全了。故选C项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. relief救济；B. duty职责；C. pride自豪；D. excitement兴奋。根据上文的“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage”以及下文的“wondering what camping fun”可知，作者他们一看到丈夫把露营车拉出来时，他们就会想知道接下来露营的乐趣是怎么样的，因此可知作者他们是期待接下来的露营，对此充满兴奋之情。故选D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. failure失败；B. adventure冒险；C. performance表现；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of___14___, wondering what camping fun and”以及下文“we will experience next”可知，作者与家人想知道下一次露营的乐趣是什么，因此也十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B项。
Passage3（2021年新高考II卷）
Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times,and has even learned to ____31____ different dialects（方言），leading to him being described as an “Oscar-winning actor".
The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a ____32____ However,he is more devoted to his “____33____ "than any real actor.
In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look into the ____34____，Wang disguised（伪装）himself and ____35____ the beggars. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the ____36____ of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the ____37____ of the beggars.
“I often ____38____ them to drink alcohol. Once they were ____39____,they began to talk a lot,"Wang said. “I'd then ____40____ myself to use the toilet, ____41____ what the beggars said, and send the ____42____ to my teammates.”
Wang，who is often in ____43____ situations， is also a judo （柔道） master. “As long as I get close enough, no criminal can ____44____ from me," he said.
Wang's ____45____ won him several honors, including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.
31．A．teach B．compare C．assess D．speak
32．A．lawyer B．doctor C．policeman D．businessman
33．A．role B．study C．family D．audience
34．A．minor B．case C．future D．question
35．A．interviewed B．joined C．arrested D．assisted
36．A．challenge B．experience C．appearance D．freedom
37．A．vote B．sympathy C．permission D．trust
38．A．invited B．forced C．helped D．expected
39．A．drunk B．deserted C．bored D．lost
40．A．guide B．persuade C．excuse D．allow
41．A．refer to B．note down C．ask about D．miss out
42．A．plan B．agreement C．direction D．information
43．A．awkward B．dangerous C．unfortunate D．strange
44．A．separate B．recover C．escape D．hear
45．A．courage B．honesty C．kindness D．Optimism
【答案】31．D32．C33．A34．B35．B36．C37．D38．A39．A
40．C41．B42．D43．B44．C45．A
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了警察王先生在过去的38年里，多次假扮别人，甚至学会了说不同的方言，不顾危险混入犯罪团伙，成功破案的故事。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的38年里，王先生多次假扮别人，甚至学会了说不同的方言，这让他被称为“奥斯卡获奖演员”。A.teach 教授；B.compare 比较；C.assess评估； D.speak讲话 。根据“Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times”可知，能扮成别人，还会讲不同的方言。故填D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位60岁的老人不是演员，而是警察 。A.lawyer 律师；B.doctor医生； C.policeman 警察；D.businessman 商人。根据“To look into the 　　　　　　　　，Wang disguised（伪装）himself”以及“including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.”可知，王先生是一名警察。故填C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他比任何真正的演员都更专注于他的“角色”。A.role 角色；B.study学习； C.family 家庭；D.audience观众 。根据“than any real actor.”可知，王投身于演员的角色中。故填A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.minor 未成年人，辅修；B.case 情况,案件；C.future 未来；D.question问题 。根据“In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. ”可知，这是一起犯罪案件。故填B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.interviewed采访； B.joined 加入；C.arrested 逮捕；D.assisted协助。根据“To look into the”可知，他混入乞丐中。故填B。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.challenge 挑战；B.experience 经历；C.appearance出现，外表； D.freedom自由 。根据“ Dirty shorts and old shoes”可知，这是描述外表。故填C。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.vote 投票；B.sympathy 同情；C.permission 批准；D.trust 信任。根据“ his convincing dialect soon won him the”可知，他的方言讲得好，赢得乞丐们信任。故填D。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。A.invited 邀请；B.forced 强迫；C.helped 帮助；D.expected期待。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知，为了套话，王先生请他们喝酒。故填A。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。A.drunk喝醉的； B.deserted抛弃的； C.bored 无聊的；D.lost失去的 。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知，话多是在喝醉后。故填A。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.guide 引导；B.persuade劝说； C.excuse 找借口；D.allow允许 。根据“and send the 　　　　　　　　 to my teammates.”可知，为了发送出信息，王借口去厕所。故填C。
41．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.refer to 指的是；B.note down作记录; C.ask about 询问；D.miss out 错过，遗漏。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知，王把乞丐醉后真言记下来。故填B。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.plan 计划；B.agreement 同意；C.direction 指导；D.information 信息。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知，这是重要信息。故填D。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：王是经常在危险的情况下,也是一个柔道大师。A.awkward 尴尬的；B.dangerous危险的； C.unfortunate 不幸的；D.strange奇怪的 。根据“ no criminal can 　　　　　　　　 from me,"”可知，经常处于犯罪分子中，这是很危险的情况。故填B。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只要我离得够近，任何罪犯都逃不掉，”他说。A.separate 分离；B.recover恢复； C.escape 逃避；D.hear 听到。根据“ is also a judo （柔道） master. ”可知，身为柔道大师，他不放过罪犯。故填C。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：王的勇气为他赢得了许多荣誉，包括一枚全国五一劳动奖章和11项嘉奖。A.courage 勇气；B.honesty 诚实；C.kindness 善良；D.optimism 乐观。根据“Wang disguised（伪装）himself”可知，王乔装打扮混入罪犯团伙，勇气可嘉。故填A。
Passage4（2021年新高考I卷）
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____46____ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its ____47____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____48____ help during our spring break, for which I had no____49____ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ____50____ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory____51____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____52____.
Our____53____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.____54____ bunny from the belt. This was ______55______ than it sounds.______56______ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d ______57______ .
Dad _____58_____. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood______59______ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you______60______ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
46．A．sold B．ordered C．made D．reserved
47．A．stores B．families C．schools D．citizens
48．A．generous B．financial C．technical D．temporary
49．A．plans B．problems C．excuses D．hobbies
50．A．offer B．earn C．set D．suggest
51．A．worked B．closed C．developed D．survived
52．A．ambition B．permission C．experience D．invitation
53．A．joys B．ideas C．roles D．choices
54．A．Save B．Keep C．Stop D．Remove
55．A．harder B．better C．longer D．cheaper
56．A．Calm down B．Slow down C．Stay on D．Move on
57．A．indicated B．witnessed C．expected D．remembered
58．A．cried B．smiled C．hesitated D．refused
59．A．tasting B．finding C．sharing D．delivering
60．A．withdraw B．donate C．receive D．appreciate
【答案】46．C47．A48．D49．A50．B51．A52．B53．C54．D55．A
56．B57．C58．B59．D60．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在一次春假时，作者去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered命令；C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据下文“Our ____8____ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ____9____ bunny from the belt.”可知，这家面包店是制作兔子蛋糕的。故选C。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭；C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据下文“throughout Cleveland”以及常识可知，此处表示这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。故选A。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，这段时间我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的；B. financial金融的；C. technical技术的；D. temporary暂时的。根据下文“during our spring break”可知，这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，这段时间我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口；D. hobbies爱好。根据下文“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知，此处表示作者没有其他计划。故选A。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会挣最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得；C. set放置；D. suggest建议。根据下文“minimum wage”可知，作者会挣最低工资。故选B。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会看到工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作；B. closed关闭；C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。根据上文“I’d see how a factory”可知，此处表示作者可以看到工厂是如何运作的。故选A。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的允许。A. ambition抱负；B. permission允许；C. experience经历；D. invitation邀请。根据上文“My parents thought all of this was a grand idea”可知，作者的父母认为这个主意很好，所以他们打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的允许。故选B。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。A. joys欢乐；B. ideas观点；C. roles任务；D. choices选择。根据下文“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ____9____ bunny from the belt.”可知，此处表示作者在工厂的任务。故选C。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把兔子蛋糕从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止；D. Remove移动。根据下文“bunny from the belt.”可知，此处表示把兔子蛋糕从传送带上拿下来。故选D。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的；C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据下文“_____11_____ a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知，这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。
56．考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来；B. Slow down慢一点；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on往前走。根据下文“and the cakes pile up”以及常识可知，速度慢一点，传送带上的蛋糕就会堆积起来。故选B。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一晚的晚餐时告诉父母的那样，压力比我预想的要大一点。A. indicated表明；B. witnessed目击；C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。根据上文“This was _____10_____ than it sounds. _____11_____ a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知，工作的实际情况比作者预料的压力更大。故选C。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭；B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“This was the sort of work that made you _____15_____ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”可知，作者的父亲看到作者在挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，父亲笑了。故选B。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送食物。A. tasting品尝；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering递送。根据上文“The son of a grocer”可知，作为一个杂货商的儿子，作者的父亲夏天会去送食物。故选D。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠；C. receive收到；D. appreciate感激。根据下文“the dollars you earned”以及常识可知，此处表示感激自己劳动所得的报酬。故选D。
Passage5（2020年山东卷）
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second_____21_____. He learned the value and beauty of ____22____ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____23____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the ____24____ it caused had driven away a number of birds. ____25____, the number of snakes had declined as well. He ____26____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the ____27____. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____28____ during the daytime. He turned to the ____29____ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _____30_____a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
____31____ young plants in the dry season was ______32______for a lone boy. Molai built at the _____33_____ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to______34______ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai _____35_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
28. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
30. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
31. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
32. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
34. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
35. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。
(
经典变式练
（基础练、提升练、真题练）
)
※基础练
Passage1
My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor, providing___1___and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to ___2___ some small things she needs.
Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was ___3___ about three dollars. The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the ___4___she could do without: bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was able to bring the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.
At this store, people check off and then go off to the side to ___5___ their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a ___6___ came up to her and said, “Here are the things that you ___7___,” handing her the rubbing alcohol and the ___8___. My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She ___9___ for the woman’s name and address so that she could ___10___ her. The woman told her it was her ___11___ .
My mother was so ___12___ by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier (收银员) five-dollar bill to keep on hand___13___ the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough ___14___ for all of their groceries.
So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of ___15___ that not only helped my mother out, but made her day too.
1．A．reward B．medicine C．company D．shelter
2．A．return B．collect C．order D．buy
3．A．short B．cautious C．wrong D．concerned
4．A．weight B．things C．mask D．glasses
5．A．store B．select C．deliver D．bag
6．A．stranger B．cashier C．friend D．doctor
7．A．looked for B．talked about C．threw away D．put back
8．A．receipt B．soap C．cash D．bottle
9．A．asked B．waited C．cared D．searched
10．A．repay B．trust C．recognize D．help
11．A．luck B．chance C．gift D．turn
12．A．surprised B．amused C．touched D．convinced
13．A．in case B．even if C．as though D．so that
14．A．energy B．money C．space D．time
15．A．faith B．courage C．kindness D．Honor
Passage2
The parents who adopted (收养) Bruce Hollywood encouraged him to find his Japanese birth mother. But he never became____16____ until he had a heart attack, when he realized that he regretted never ____17____ with his birth mother.
No sooner had he recovered than he began ____18____ his birth mother. He called the Japanese Embassy (大使馆), but there was no ____19____ information, which made him really unhappy. Luckily, he met an army man on the plane ____20____. They had a casual ____21____. When Bruce mentioned his ____22____ search, the man said he was sorry to hear that. Then he ____23____ Bruce to give him all the information he had ____24____ and told him he would help him. ____25____ Bruce had a low expectation, he followed what the man said. Ten days later, he got an unexpected call.
The spokesperson said,“Bruce,we’re happy to tell you that we have found your mother. Because she doesn’t speak English, you’d better find a ____26____.” Finally, Bruce got to communicate with his birth mother, who was crying with ____27____.
He learned that it was she who had given him the name Bruce. And he later ____28____ the restaurant his birth mother had owned for decades in Japan and found out she had named it “Bruce”.
Bruce couldn’t ____29____ the moving words he heard when seeing his birth mother for the first time in 45 years. He learned that love could always stand the test of ____30____ and distance.
16．A．interested B．worried C．surprised D．afraid
17．A．working B．settling C．talking D．arguing
18．A．looking for B．dealing with C．waiting for D．caring about
19．A．suitable B．unique C．useful D．familiar
20．A．on time B．by chance C．on purpose D．by mistake
21．A．conversation B．meeting C．gathering D．discussion
22．A．boring B．relaxing C．disappointing D．inspiring
23．A．required B．warned C．allowed D．advised
24．A．checked B．ignored C．lost D．collected
25．A．Since B．Though C．Unless D．When
26．A．friend B．translator C．teacher D．guide
27．A．joy B．fear C．anxiety D．anger
28．A．left B．designed C．visited D．ran
29．A．forget B．believe C．remember D．explain
30．A．money B．time C．class D．Energy
Passage3
Born in the United States, I, with black hair and yellow skin, am an American. Yes, I am a US citizen. Yet I ____31____ early in my childhood that I was very different.
It wasn’t until ____32____ in the early years of primary school that I noticed this difference. Some kids in my class asked me ____33____ I could speak Chinese. It seemed strange to me that they would be interested in this part of my ____34____ . I answered “yes” and expected them to say nothing else about it.
To my surprise, they were ____35____ to hear me say something in Chinese. When I did so, they said, “Wow, that’s cool!” I had always thought of it as just a strange ____36____ that came from China.
I ____37____ what had happened that day when I got home. I went into the bathroom to wash my hands as I usually did. I looked myself in the mirror—the same face was ____38____ from that morning, but it didn’t ____39____ the same to me. For the first time, I felt different from the others in my ____40____ .
That day I discovered a part of my life that was ____41____ — in culture and tradition — from the one I was ____42____ .
Now I know that we must all remember our ____43____ , but we must also continue to explore, realizing that ____44____ is different, with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles. Recognizing these differences should ____45____ respect for one another.
31．A．deserved B．discovered C．impressed D．proved
32．A．one moment B．one evening C．one day D．one year
33．A．why B．how C．when D．if
34．A．life B．manuscript C．secret D．program
35．A．critical B．amused C．appreciative D．eager
36．A．tradition B．comment C．language D．reply
37．A．wrote down B．thought about C．talked about D．forgot about
38．A．out B．up C．next D．there
39．A．maintain B．seem C．act D．burst
40．A．family B．class C．team D．association
41．A．different B．delighted C．worthy D．valuable
42．A．persevering B．expecting C．living D．probing
43．A．blessings B．spots C．concepts D．roots
44．A．nobody B．nothing C．everyone D．everything
45．A．lead to B．stick to C．devote to D．refer to
Passage4
Our oldest daughter, Christy, told us she was running away. In disbelief, my wife, Cathy, and I stared at each other, at a loss for words. When she started ____46____ her suitcase, we knew she was serious. Her action left us ____47____ —after all, Christy was only six. We didn’t know whether to laugh or cry.
Our daughter ____48____ she was moving to Julia’s house across the street. My wife gave Julia’s mother a ____49____, telling her what was happening. Then, with mixed feelings, we watched Christy cross the street. Julia’s mother waited outside the door to ____50____ her. A few hours later, Julia’s mom ____51____ Christy it was Monday night and that our family always drove to the Golden Spoon for frozen yogurt. It was a tradition ____52____ by my threes girls—including our little Christy. To our ____53____ , she called and asked if she could go. A joyous ____54____ .
The yogurt run was part of our family identity. Even the neighbours knew our _____55_____ visit to the Golden Spoon. Our three daughters are now grown-up, but we _____56_____ visit the Golden Spoon as always. Its yogurt is still delicious. Our family _____57_____ are kept strong by one of those simple activities.
At some point, _____58_____ will come to every family. But when you build a strong family identity _____59_____ , there will be no doubt that your family can _____60_____ whatever winds and rains coming your way. Not surprisingly, a strong family identity will give your kids solid foundations to count on during those difficult times.
46．A．carrying B．removing C．packing D．employing
47．A．careless B．restless C．speechless D．hopeless
48．A．declared B．acknowledged C．whispered D．requested
49．A．bow B．response C．tip D．bell
50．A．hug B．treat C．assist D．greet
51．A．persuaded B．reminded C．answered D．promised
52．A．expected B．approved C．promoted D．shared
53．A．admiration B．regret C．satisfaction D．relief
54．A．recovery B．success C．reunion D．communication
55．A．daily B．monthly C．weekly D．yearly
56．A．occasionally B．automatically C．rarely D．regularly
57．A．origins B．traditions C．bonds D．honors
58．A．sufferings B．storms C．failures D．barriers
59．A．in return B．in particular C．in reality D．in advance
60．A．survive B．ignore C．avoid D．predict
Passage5
When it comes to BMI—the most common measure of obesity—the price is right.
BMI, or body mass index, is ____61____ by dividing weight in kilograms by your height in meters squared. A result between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered healthy. A BMI of 25 or ____62____ would then be classified as either overweight or obese.
Medical experts rely on BMI to assess the extent of obesity. The index, however, does not distinguish ____63____ from muscle or other tissue, and that causes some people to be placed in the wrong category. Very muscular people can be ____64____ for obese, while those who are tall with a high percentage of body fat can be wrongly ____65____ as healthy. So why not just replace it with other measures of body fat
Dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) is generally recognized as one of the most ____66____. The X ray ____67____ by differentiating tissue density, so it is able to detect the difference between your body’s muscle, bone and fat ____68____, the number of which can then be used to calculate your fat percentage. Another ____69____ that is more familiar to many of you will be the use of body fat scales. They function by passing a subtle ____70____ current through your body. As muscle contains more water, it ____71____ electricity better than fat does. The greater the electrical ____72____, the more body fat you have.
DXA is certainly accurate, but very ____73____, requiring specialized equipment, which makes it unsuitable for use in large scale studies. BMI is cheap, simple and generally accurate, and is still a suitable method for ____74____ the weight and health of entire populations. However, it is not a diagnostic tool for disease risks. If you find that your BMI is high, go to a medical professional and see what that may mean for you and your ____75____ health risks.
61．A．applied B．calculated C．explained D．regulated
62．A．less B．lower C．higher D．heavier
63．A．fat B．organ C．health D．weight
64．A．announced B．mistaken C．infected D．registered
65．A．appointed B．rewarded C．preferred D．categorized
66．A．abstract B．impressive C．precise D．realistic
67．A．exists B．reflects C．shows D．works
68．A．content B．data C．quality D．mixture
69．A．access B．account C．approach D．assessment
70．A．additional B．emotional C．electrical D．physical
71．A．conducts B．distributes C．produces D．releases
72．A．flow B．device C．power D．resistance
73．A．extraordinary B．expensive C．economical D．educational
74．A．acquiring B．distinguishing C．preventing D．tracking
75．A．unexplained B．potential C．changeable D．Alternative
◎提升练
Passage6
In 2020, 13-year-old Adcola Olagbegi caught a rare illness, and had a successful operation. ____76____, Adeola is now out of hospital. While he was ____77____, he found out that he was qualified for a(n) ____78____ to ask for a dream wish from Make-A-Wish Foundation. While many teens would choose a Disney trip or meet a favourite figure, Adcola ____79____ chose to feed the homeless.
The Make-A-Wish Foundation is famous for brightening the lives of children ____80____ illnesses by realizing their wishes. A wish always includes having something or going somewhere. However, Adcola’s wish to give came as a ____81____ to the organization, as Adcola’s ____82____ wish was the first of its kind in the organization’s 35-year history.
“When he so easily offers to help others, you just have to say, that’s a(n) ____83____ young man,” said Linda, an official of the organization. She was ____84____ with the teen’s kindness and sense of ____85____.
Adcola thinks his past experiences ____86____ with his family in their community are what ____87____ him to make the giving wish. When deciding what to do with the ____88____ chance, the one thing that was the most important to him was that his wish had a long-lasting ____89____.
“My mum always says it’s lucky to be someone ____90____, so I just wanted to do something for other people to make it last longer,” Adcola explained.
76．A．Hopefully B．Naturally C．Frankly D．Thankfully
77．A．practising B．recovering C．preparing D．fighting
78．A．opportunity B．interview C．goal D．promise
79．A．anyway B．therefore C．instead D．moreover
80．A．taking on B．suffering from C．looking through D．getting off
81．A．pleasure B．success C．disappointment D．surprise
82．A．generous B．formal C．exciting D．curious
83．A．terrible B．kind C．capable D．confident
84．A．confused B．affected C．impressed D．strict
85．A．honour B．humour C．relief D．responsibility
86．A．designing B．exploring C．exercising D．volunteering
87．A．permit B．force C．inspire D．remind
88．A．unexpected B．normal C．strange D．different
89．A．memory B．faith C．impact D．appreciation
90．A．professional B．helpful C．powerful D．amazing
Passage7
My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so __91__ a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some __92__ experiences on Saturday as they played against teams __93__ trained. Through the first two games, her __94__ did not get one serious shot on goal. As a parent, I __95__ seeing my daughter playing her best, __96__ still defeated.
It seemed that something clicked with the __97__ between Saturday and Sunday. When they __98__ for their Sunday game, they were __99__ different. They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had __100__ the day before into their __101__. They played aggressively and even scored a goal.
It __102__ me that playing against the other team was a great __103__ moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. __104__ is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be __105__ what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.
91．A．won B．entered C．organized D．watched
92．A．painful B．strange C．common D．practical
93．A．less B．poorly C．newly D．better
94．A．fans B．tutors C．class D．team
95．A．imagined B．hated C．avoided D．missed
96．A．if B．or C．but D．as
97．A．girls B．parents C．coaches D．viewers
98．A．dressed B．showed up C．made up D．planned
99．A．slightly B．hardly C．basically D．completely
100．A．seen B．known C．heard D．read
101．A．styles B．training C．game D．rules
102．A．confused B．struck C．reminded D．warned
103．A．touching B．thinking C．encouraging D．learning
104．A．Experience B．Independence C．Curiosity D．Interest
105．A．harmful to B．mixed with C．different from D．applied to
Passage8
Saddleworth Moor in the north of England is a deserted place. Though lying just a few miles from the city of Manchester, it feels remote. There is generally a strong wind blowing across the moor! It seemed almost ___106___to me, then, that anyone should be against the building of seven wind turbines （风力发电机） to produce clean, renewable energy. Surely this was the perfect place to situate them---basically dull, unattractive to tourists and--- ___107___---windy. Yet Saddleworth is becoming another ___108___in an increasingly confusing debate over wind farming and the future of the planet.
Typical of this ___109___ is hearing Professor David Bellamy leading the fight against wind farms. I had always thought of Professor Bellamy as an environmentalist and had made the ___110___ assumption that he would be a natural supporter of wind power. However, ___111___, Bellamy would be better described as a conservationist whose main aim is to preserve natural space for plants and animals from destruction, rather than a campaigner on climate change.
Bellamy, along with other opponents, has argued that the wind farms are in fact ___112___, and are only commercially feasible because they are so heavily subsidized （补贴）. This argument has been put forward by several newspaper commentators recently, who have then gone on to ___113___ the virtues of nuclear power. This is in the face of years of protests from greens who claim that nuclear power is both expensive and ___114___. And yet nuclear energy has recently been ___115___ by a leading green scientist, Professor James Lovelock, who was one of the first to draw attention to the problems of climate change. He argues that renewable energy such as wind simply cannot provide sufficient electricity for our energy needs.
But of course, it is ___116___to imagine that the good people of Saddleworth would prefer to see a nuclear power station on their doorstep rather than seven wind turbines. On average it takes six years to get planning permission for nuclear plants because of the inevitable protest. So what's the ___117___
Bellamy suggests reducing ___118___of fossil fuels if people want to control greenhouse gases. Certainly, he has much support for this from environmentalists. However, just a few years ago, the government was forced to ___119___ increases in taxes on petrol （汽油） because of a huge public outcry which saw the country almost brought to a stop. And at the heart of those protests were those who said they ___120___ their cars and were being fairly punished by high fuel taxes. These same people reject wind farms because they see the turbines as something that spoils the countryside.
106．A．clear B．odd C．important D．satisfactory
107．A．at last B．in other words C．above all D．as a matter of fact
108．A．battleground B．phenomenon C．experience D．dominance
109．A．energy B．production C．tourism D．confusion
110．A．basic B．widespread C．false D．realistic
111．A．on average B．on reflection C．in particular D．in detail
112．A．necessary B．outdated C．uneconomic D．public
113．A．forget B．question C．develop D．praise
114．A．clean B．safe C．irresistible D．dangerous
115．A．doubted B．advocated C．proved D．ignored
116．A．depressing B．possible C．difficult D．adequate
117．A．answer B．matter C．point D．cause
118．A．waste B．consumption C．price D．recycling
119．A．end B．mark C．consider D．sustain
120．A．relied on B．gave up C．made for D．picked out
Passage9
When it comes to anxiety over online data privacy, the first and most common legal solution comes to mind: more transparency. If firms are required to tell people what information they collect, and do so in a simple and obvious manner, people would be able to _____121_____ doing business with those that adopt abusive privacy practices.
There is one _____122_____ with the transparency solution. There is no evidence that it works! (And there are mountains of evidence that it fails.) Even when the information people are asked to share is highly private and _____123_____, and even if the notices about the ways firms collect, use and share this information are delivered in the simplest and most concise manner, people still don’t read the notices and don’t change their _____124_____. A recent experiment tried to deliver the privacy notices to users in the format of a simple “nutrition facts” box, to no avail. The notice still went _____125_____ and people shared the same amount of sensitive personal information as they do when the notices are long and cluttered.
If simple notices are not read or used by people, the hopes for _____126_____ choice flee. Users are not going to _____127_____ Google’s personalized ads or to personalize the Facebook’s privacy setting. These consumers might comparison-shop among services based on various quality and service measures, but not on the basis of _____128_____ features.
It is also important to dispel a second perceived solution to privacy _____129_____: lawsuits. There are numerous class action lawsuits percolating in courts, alleging violations by websites of privacy statutes. Google,______130______, has long been defending against the complaints that its Gmail service, which scans the text of its users’ emails, is a violation of the Wiretap Act (窃听法). Many of these lawsuits eventually fail because they cannot prove a ______131______ injury. But even the few that succeed are not going to change the behavior of firms. They will only teach firms to write more ______132______ privacy notices and require more frequent clicks “I Agree” from users.
A third legal solution fueled by privacy anxiety is the “right to be forgotten”. It gives users the right to request search engines to ______133______ links to personal information that are no longer accurate or relevant. Viewed by its ______134______ as a major landmark in privacy protection, the right to be forgotten mandate is ultimately proving to be a storm in a tea cup. In one year, Google reported to have received only 218,000 requests (or which it granted about half). Only a minor number of users are ______135______ sensitive to privacy issues to exercise the cherished right.
121．A．avoid B．advise C．favor D．admit
122．A．proof B．problem C．possibility D．purpose
123．A．detailed B．sensitive C．adequate D．effective
124．A．mind B．decision C．behavior D．direction
125．A．invalid B．wrong C．round D．unread
126．A．preferred B．accepted C．informed D．obliged
127．A．opt out of B．make up for C．look forward to D．put up with
128．A．privacy B．advertising C．designer D．specific
129．A．policies B．protection C．risks D．terms
130．A．by contrast B．in particular C．on average D．for example
131．A．severe B．fatal C．concrete D．external
132．A．informal B．comprehensive C．informative D．unavailable
133．A．start B．attach C．remove D．build
134．A．initials B．advocates C．appeals D．motivates
135．A．sufficiently B．extremely C．comparatively D．Appropriately
Passage10
During my first improv (即兴表演)class, I learned a core concept of improv: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that zebras are librarians, for example, then zebras are librarians. We do not ____136____ the logic. we say “yes” and continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.
To do this ____137____, our teacher warned us that we’d have to avoid second-guessing ourselves. Sometimes scenes go in unexpected directions. The best improv____138____ when performers stay open to different possibilities and say whatever pops into their minds.
I got a taste of how ____139____ that is when acting out my first scene. My classmate turned to me and said, “Mom is going to be so mad.” Mad about what My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down. We broke the car No, that’s too easy. We failed a test No, you don’t want your classmates thinking you’re stupid on the first day. I finally ____140____ an answer: “Yes, we’re going to be late for dinner.” The scene proceeded from there, and we eventually finished as two sisters who lost their way on a hiking trip.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable thinking on my feet. I never ____141____ my inner critic entirely, but over time, I didn’t police my words with quite so much vigor. I also became better at ____142____, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.
The training came in handy 6 months ago, when I was giving a seminar(研讨课)about my science. An audience member surprised me with a question that didn’t ____143____ the information I’d presented. Instead of getting annoyed, I ____144____ the “yes, and” approach — accepting the question at face value and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer.
The benefits of improv go beyond _____145_____. Early on in graduation school, I would get stuck when I got unexpected data in my experiments; my inner critic would assume I had made a mistake. But now, after accepting the “yes, and” concept,I no longer go into an experiment thinking that I already _____146_____ the story my data are going to tell.
Last year, I used that approach after encountering confusing data. Instead of getting _____147_____, I kept exploring the data and ended up identifying a new type of cell. If I hadn’t stayed open to the possibility that the results were _____148_____, I would have missed out on the most exciting finding of my PhD．so far.
All scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say zebras are librarians, then it’s worth investigating whether zebras are, _____149_____, librarians. Our job as scientists isn’t to get data that _____150_____ a pre-understood story. Our job is to say “yes, and”.
136．A．provide B．follow C．question D．ignore
137．A．effectively B．permanently C．instinctively D．occasionally
138．A．shrinks B．happens C．helps D．leaps
139．A．important B．difficult C．powerless D．sufficient
140．A．thought over B．waited for C．gave up D．landed on
141．A．silenced B．heard C．respected D．trained
142．A．reading B．speaking C．listening D．writing
143．A．go on with B．stay away from C．grow out of D．add up to
144．A．doubted B．implemented C．presented D．discussed
145．A．communication B．understanding C．restriction D．statement
146．A．tell B．know C．adapt D．love
147．A．distracted B．surprised C．accustomed D．discouraged
148．A．useless B．wrong C．due D．real
149．A．in fact B．for example C．in a word D．that is to say
150．A．distinguish B．provide C．support D．Construct
参考答案
※基础练
1．C2．D3．A4．B5．D6．A7．D8．B9．A10．A
11．C12．C13．A14．B15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在商店购物时，作者的母亲带的钱不够，不得不将一些东西又放回去。一位陌生女人为作者母亲买下了这些东西。陌生人的行为感动了作者的母亲，她决定将这份善意传递下去。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除非我必须出城，否则每周我都会带我母亲去购物和看医生，并提供陪伴和交通工具。A. reward报酬；B. medicine药；C. company陪伴；D. shelter遮蔽。根据前文“Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor”可知，作者“陪同”上了年纪的母亲去购物，看医生。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，在这一周里，母亲喜欢去附近的一个商店买她需要的一些小东西。A. return返回；B. collect收集；C. order订购；D. buy买。根据“some small things she needs”可知，作者母亲去一家附近的商店去“买”她所需要的一些小东西。故选D。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上周她去了商店，但是当她去支付她的杂货时，她少了大约3美元。A. short短缺的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. wrong错误的；D. concerned关心的。根据“The only…to pay for the groceries was to take off the …she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar off soup.”可知，作者的母亲想要支付这些东西的唯一方式就是把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。由此推知，作者的母亲带的现金不够。故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：买东西的唯一办法就是拿走她不需要的东西：一瓶外用酒精和一块肥皂。A. weight重量；B. things东西；C. mask口罩；D. glasses眼镜。根据“bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap”可知，医用酒精和肥皂是作者母亲暂时可以不买的“东西”。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装到袋子里。A. store贮藏；B. select挑选；C. deliver递送；D. bag把……装进袋子。根据“My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags”可知，在这间店里，人们结完账之后，然后走到一边，将所购之物装进购物袋。故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲正在把买的东西放进袋子里，这时候突然一个陌生人走过来，“这些是你要放回去的东西”，并把酒精和肥皂递给她。A. stranger陌生人；B. cashier收银员；C. friend朋友；D. doctor医生。根据“She 　9　for the woman’s name and address so that she could 　10　her. ”可知，这个女人对作者的母亲而言是个陌生人，所以作者母亲要她的姓名和地址。故选A。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的母亲正在把买的东西放进袋子里，这时候突然一个陌生人走过来，“这些是你要放回去的东西”，并把酒精和肥皂递给她。A. look for寻找；B. talk about谈论；C. throw away扔掉；D. put back放回。根据“The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the 　4　she could do without: bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was able to bring the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.”可知，由于缺大约3美元，作者母亲将医用酒精和肥皂拿出来，放回到货架上。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲正在把买的东西放进袋子里，这时候突然一个陌生人走过来，“这些是你要放回去的东西”，并把酒精和肥皂递给她。A. receipt收据；B. soap肥皂；C. cash现金；D. bottle瓶子。根据上文“bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap”可知，此处指酒精和肥皂。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要了这个女人的姓名和地址。A. asked询问；B. waited等待；C. cared在乎；D. searched搜索。根据“so that she could　10　her.”和上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲想要对方的姓名和住址以便报答对方的帮助。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址以便她可以报答她。A. repay报答；B. trust信任；C. recognize认出；D. help帮助。根据“She 　9　 for the woman’s name and address”可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲询问对方的姓名和住址，这样就可以报答对方了。故选A。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个女人告诉她这是她的礼物。A. luck运气；B. chance机会；C. gift礼物；D. turn(依次轮到的)机会。根据“My mother was so 　12　 by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier (收银员) five-dollar bill to keep on hand　13　the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 14　for all of their groceries.”可知，这个女人并没有告诉作者母亲她的姓名地址，并不期望作者母亲的报答。所以这是她给母亲的“礼物”。故选C。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我母亲被她的举动感动了，她决定回到商店，把五美元的钞票交给收银员保管，以防如果其他人没有足够的钱买所有的食品杂货，同样的事情也会发生在他们身上。A. surprised惊讶的；B. amused被逗乐的；C. touched感动的；D. convinced确信的。根据后文“by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier five-dollar bill to keep on hand”可知，母亲被其举动所感动，也选择了留下备用的钱。故选C。
13．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我母亲被她的举动感动了，她决定回到商店，把五美元的钞票交给收银员保管，以防如果其他人没有足够的钱买所有的食品杂货，同样的事情也会发生在他们身上。A. in case以防；B. even if即使；C. as though尽管；D. so that以便，结果……。根据“My mother was so 　12　 by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier (收银员) five-dollar bill to keep on hand”可知，如果其他人遇到没有足够的钱支付所购买的东西时，母亲的五美元钞票可以提供一些帮助，所以母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票，就是以防同样情况的发生。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我母亲被她的举动感动了，她决定回到商店，把五美元的钞票交给收银员保管，以防如果其他人没有足够的钱买所有的食品杂货，同样的事情也会发生在他们身上。A. energy能量；B. money钱；C. space空间；D. time时间。根据“a five-dollar bill”可知，作者母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防有人没有足够的“钱”来支付他们所购买的东西。故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，不管你是谁，谢谢你的善举，不仅帮助了我母亲，而且让她很开心。A. faith信任；B. courage勇气；C. kindness善良；D. honor荣誉。根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助母亲，这是一种“善意的”行为。故选C。
16．A17．C18．A19．C20．B21．A22．C23．D24．D25．B
26．B27．A28．C29．A30．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Bruce Hollywood在一次心脏病发作后，开始寻找自己的日本生母。在一个日本军人的帮助下，Bruce和他的生母取得了联系，他的生母非常高兴。Bruce无法忘记45年来第一次见到生母时听到的感人话语。他明白了爱总是经得起时间和距离的考验的。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他一直没有兴趣，直到他心脏病发作，他意识到他遗憾从来没有和他的生母说过话。A. interested感兴趣的；B. worried担心的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. afraid害怕的。根据下文“until he had a heart attack, when he realized that he regretted never 　2　　　with his birth mother.”可推断，Bruce Hollywood直到心脏病发作后才开始寻找生母，说明之前对此一直没有兴趣。故选A。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他一直没有兴趣，直到他心脏病发作，他意识到他遗憾从来没有和他的生母说过话。A. working工作；B. settling解决；C. talking谈话；D. arguing争论。根据前文“The parents who adopted (收养) Bruce Hollywood encouraged him to find his Japanese birth mother.”可知，Bruce从来没和生母交谈过，应用talk with。后文“Bruce got to communicate with his birth mother”也是提示。故选C。
18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他一康复就开始寻找他的生母。A. looking for寻找；B. dealing with处理；C. waiting for等待；D. caring about关心。根据后文“He called the Japanese Embassy(他打电话给日本大使馆)”可知，他开始寻找日本生母，故选A。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他给日本大使馆打了电话，但没有得到有用的信息，这让他很不高兴。A. suitable合适的；B. unique独特的；C. useful有用的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“which made him really unhappy”可知，没有得到有用的信息，所以不开心。故选C。
20．考查介词短语辨析。句意：幸运的是，他在飞机上偶然遇到了一位军人。A. on time按时；B. by chance偶然地；C. on purpose故意地；D. by mistake错误地。根据上文“Luckily, he met an army man on the plane”可知军人是飞机上偶然认识的。故选B。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们进行了随意的交谈。A. conversation对话；B. meeting会议；C. gathering聚集；D. discussion讨论。根据后文“the man said he was sorry to hear that”可知，两人在飞机上进行了对话。故选A。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Bruce提到他令人失望的搜索结果时，那人说听到

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