Unit 1 What's the matter? 知识点讲义

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Unit 1 What's the matter? 知识点讲义

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人教版八年级下册Unit1讲义
重点短语归纳:
一、询问某人怎么了
What’ s the matter with you = What’s the trouble with you = What’ s wrong with you
反身代词
1.英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
人称 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
2.用法
(1)可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。
如:Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.
可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
如:She isn’t quite herself today.
(3)可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。
如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.
(4)用在某些固定短语当中。文
look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……(随便吃/喝些……).
hurt oneself摔伤自己 say to oneself自言自语
leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下
buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西 introduce oneself 介绍……自己
注意:(1)反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。 如:我自己能完成作业。
(误)Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”,因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的(东西)”时,须要用one’s own. 如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.
二、重点语法
1. have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
= have difficulty (in) doing sth.
get into trouble:陷入困境
2. die v. 死亡/dead adj.死的;去世的/death n. 死亡
3. get off :下车/get on:上车
4. be used to doing sth. 习惯于干某事 (= get used to doing sth.)
used to do sth. 过去常常干某事
be used to do sth. 被用来干某事
5. so….that…. :如此……以至于…… 引导结果状语从句。
….adj. / adv. + enough + to do sth. 足够……去干某事
….too + adj. / adv. +to do 太……而不能……
6.疾病类短语的表达:
have a headache : 头痛
have a toothache:牙痛
have a cold:感冒
have a fever:发烧
have a cough:咳嗽
have a sore throat:咽喉痛;嗓子疼
have a sore back:背痛
7.lie ① v.躺;平躺 (过去式:lay 过去分词:lain 现在分词:lying)
lie down : 躺下
② v.位于 (过去式:lay 过去分词:lain 现在分词:lying)
例:Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东部。
③ v. 撒谎;说谎 (过去式:lied 过去分词:lied 现在分词:lying)
lie to sb. 向某人撒谎
④ n.谎言 tell a tie / tell lies 撒谎
8.run out :耗尽;用完 (主语通常为时间、金钱、食物等)
run out of :耗尽;用完(主语通常为人,宾语加时间、金钱、食物等)
run --- ran --- run --- running
9.too many:“太多”,中心词是many,+ 可数名词复数
too much:“太多”,中心词是much,+ 不可数名词
much too:“太”,中心词是too,+ 形容词 / 副词
many too:× 没有此结构
10.because + 句子
because of + 名词/人称代词宾格/动名词(doing)
例:He is late because of the bad weather.
He is late because the weather is bad.
11.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地,enough放在名前后,形副后。
12.maybe “或许”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right.
may be,是情态动词+be的结构,意为“可能,也许”,后加名词、代词或形容词
13.need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:You need to listen carefully during class.
need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes need washing
14.agree with sth. 同意某事 如:I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如:I agree to LiLei.
15.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on用在所打较硬的部位;
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in用在所打较软的部位。
16.give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事
17.be in the control of …掌管,管理 be out of control无法控制,无法管
18.right away=right now=at once,意为 马上need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
19.mind doing sth. 介意做某事
20. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性
21.make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。
22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险

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