资源简介

(共53张PPT)
Unit 5 Into the unknown
素养导航
主题语境——人与自然　未解之谜
The Lost City of Atlantis
Plato’s Atlantis
The lost city of Atlantis is a fictional island mentioned① in Plato’s works Timaeus and Critias,where it represents the antagonist(反对者) naval power that besieges(围攻) “Ancient Athens”.In the story,Athens was able to repel the Atlantean attack,unlike any other nation of the known world,supposedly giving testament to the superiority of Plato’s concept of a state as described in his work the Republic.At the end of the story,Atlantis eventually②
falls out of favour with the gods and
famously submerges③ into the Atlantic
Ocean.
The lost city of Atlantis
Despite its minor importance in Plato’s work,the Atlantis story has had a considerable impact on literature.The allegorical aspect of Atlantis was taken up in utopian works of several Renaissance writers,such as Bacon’s New Atlantis and More’s Utopia.
Plato’s vague indications④ of the time of the events—more than 9,000 years before his day—and the alleged location⑤ of Atlantis—“beyond the Pillars of Hercules”,an area at the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar has led to much pseudoscientific speculation(伪科学的猜测).As a consequence⑥,Atlantis has become a byword for any and all supposed advanced prehistoric lost civilisations and continues to inspire contemporary fiction,from comic books to films.
But is Atlantis real
Many teams of scientists have tried to identify the location of the lost city of Atlantis in vain.Many of the proposed sites share some of the characteristics of the Atlantis story (water,catastrophic end,relevant period),but none has been proved to be a true historical Atlantis.
词海拾贝
①mention vt.提到
②eventually adv.最终
③submerge vt.淹没
④indication n.暗示
⑤location n.地点
⑥consequence n.结果
典句欣赏
Many of the proposed sites share some of the characteristics of the Atlantis story (water,catastrophic end,relevant period),but none has been proved to be a true historical Atlantis.
译文:许多提出的地点都有亚特兰蒂斯故事的一些特征(水、灾难性的结束、相关时期),但没有一个被证明是真正的历史上的亚特兰蒂斯。
分析:本句是一个并列句。Many of the proposed sites share...是第一个分句,none has been proved...是第二个分句,proposed是过去分词作定语修饰sites。
探究思辨
1.What do you think of the city of Atlantis at that time
2.What do you suppose caused the city lost
答案:1.It must have been a prosperous city and the citizens there must have lived in harmony with each other.
2.In my opinion,it must have been a very big flood which covered the whole city with water.
Section A　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.intrigue v.　　 　　
2.pyramid n.　　　　
3.cyclone n.　　　　
4.tropical adj.　　 　　
5.megadrought n.　　　　
6.downfall n.　　　　
(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣;引起……的好奇心　
金字塔　
气旋;旋风　
来自热带的;产于热带的　
超级干旱　
衰败　
7.　　　　　 n.文明(社会)
8.　　　　　 v.将……埋在下面
9.　　　　　 n.天文学
10.　　　　　 n.运河
11.　　　　　 n.残垣断壁;废墟
12.　　　　　 v.离弃;逃离
13.　　　　　 v.拒绝考虑;否定
14.　　　　　 n.扩大;增加
civilisation
bury　
astronomy　
canal　
ruin　
abandon
dismiss　
expansion
重点短语
1.fall into ruin 　 　　　
2.make a discovery 　　　　
3.correspond to 　　　　
4.based on 　　　　
5.apply...to...　　　　
6.　　　　　 更加
7.　　　　　 在……顶部
8.　　　 　　 在……顶峰
9.　　　　　 应对
(因无人照料而)衰落;败落　
发现　
相当于;与……对应　
基于　
把……应用到……　
all the more　
on top of　
at something’s peak　
deal with
重点句式
1.As their population expanded,yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.
2.Its once-great cities fell into ruin,leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读pp.50-51课文内容,判断正(T)误(F)。
1.Canadian William Gadoury spotted an unknown Maya city.
2.The secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are powerful among people.
3.The writing system of the Maya was hard to understand.
4.The Maya were expert at dealing with disasters.
5.By 700 AD,Maya civilisation was at its peak.
答案:1.F　2.T　3.T　4.F　5.T
B.根据pp.50-51课文内容,选择正确答案。
1.What do we know about Gadoury from the first paragraph
A.Scholars agreed with his theory.
B.He drew many ancient star charts.
C.He found the positions of 117 stars.
D.He was fascinated by Maya civilisation.
2.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures
A.Who built them.
B.Why people built them.
C.When people built them.
D.How people built them without machinery.
答案:D　
答案:D　
3.What can we infer about the Maya people
A.They were very talented.
B.They were fond of animals.
C.They lived in step pyramids.
D.They left many written records.
4.What played an important role in the decline of the Maya according to some researches
A.Conflicts between cities.
B.The European setters.
C.The spread of diseases.
D.The people themselves.
答案:A　
答案:D　
重点词汇
1.Through comparison,he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.
通过比较,他发现已知的117座玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置一致。(教材p.50)
【词汇精讲】correspond to相当于;与……对应
The translation does not quite correspond to the original.
译文不切原意。
The goods do not correspond to the samples you sent me.
这批货和你送来的样品不一样。
Racegoers will be given a number which will correspond to a horse running in a race.
观看赛马比赛的观众将获得一个与某一匹赛马相对应的号码。
【词汇拓展】
correspond vt.相一致;相符合;相当于;通信
correspond with/to...与……一致/相符/相类似
correspond with sb与某人通信
correspondence n.信件;通信
in correspondence with...与……通信;和……一致
hold/keep up correspondence with (sb)与(某人)保持通信联系
I used to correspond with him regularly for three years,but later I lost touch with him.
我曾经和他通信3年,但后来我和他失去了联系。
Please keep up correspondence with me and tell me your plan for the summer vacation.
请与我保持通信联系,并告知我你的暑假计划。
We have been in correspondence for months.
我们通信几个月了。
2.Based on this,he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
基于这个,他认为他发现了一个不为人知深埋在丛林中的玛雅城市。(教材p.50)
【词汇精讲】bury v.将……埋在下面
Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.
他们的雄心壮志最终被埋葬了。
Latest reports say that mud slides buried the entire village.最新报道说泥石流掩埋了整个的村庄。
【词汇拓展】
bury vt.使沉浸;隐藏;使专心
be buried in=bury oneself in埋头于;专心于
bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面
My father was buried in his newspaper
我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。
He buried himself in his detective story again.
他又沉浸在他的侦探故事里了。
3.They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar,which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.
他们把这一理解应用到玛雅历法中,精确到每年不超过30秒。(教材p.50)
【词汇精讲】apply...to...把……应用到……
In this way they can better apply theory to practice.
这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
【词汇拓展】
apply vt.涂;应用;vi.申请;请求;使用
apply oneself to致力于;集中精力于
apply to...适应/适用……
apply (to...) for...(向……)申请……
applicant n.申请人
application n.申请;请求;应用
I should apply for the post if I were you.I think you stand a good chance.
如果我是你的话,我一定去申请这个职位。我认为你大有希望。
Faulks has applied himself to this task with considerable energy.
福克斯为这项任务倾注了大量精力。
His application for membership of the organization was rejected.
他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。
4.But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
最神秘的是是什么导致玛雅人遗弃了他们大部分的城市。(教材p.52)
【词汇精讲】abandon v.离弃;逃离
The officers and crew prepared to abandon ship in an orderly fashion.
全体船员秩序井然地准备弃船。
The storm got worse and worse.Finally,I was obliged to abandon the bike and continued on foot
暴风雨愈发猛烈,最终我不得不弃车步行。
【词汇拓展】
abandon oneself to...沉湎于……;纵情于……
abandoned adj.被遗弃的;放纵的
be abandoned to沉湎于……
He owned a farm,which looked almost abandoned.
他有一个农场,看上去几乎废弃了。
5.Its once-great cities fell into ruin,leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
那曾经伟大的城市变成了废墟,留下了各种谜团待后人们解决。(教材p.51)
【词汇精讲】ruin n.残垣断壁;废墟
When they returned to their home town the next day,they found it in ruins.
当他们第二天回到故乡的时候,他们发现那里已经是废墟了。
The new republic emerged from the ruins of a great empire.
新的共和国是从一个伟大帝国的废墟上发展起来的。
【词汇拓展】
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin毁灭;灭亡;崩溃
be reduced to ruins沦为废墟
ruin vt.破坏;毁坏
ruin sth/sb/oneself 毁坏某物/毁掉某人/自己
be ruined by...被……毁坏/破坏
ruin one’s health/fame/future毁了某人的健康/名誉/前途
Many houses fell into ruin after the earthquake.
地震过后,许多房屋都毁了。
Our vacation was ruined by the typhoon.
我们的假期被台风给毁了。
No matter how famous a brand is,it can be ruined once it betrays the trust of consumers.
无论一个品牌多有名气,一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。
【易混辨析】
单词 辨析
damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤,使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果,也可以是非暴力的长期损害的结果。
ruin 一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏,但往往是非暴力的,也往往不是一次的打击结果,常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁,使之无法复原,也可以表示对物体进行完全的毁坏。
High tides and severe flooding have damaged beaches.
高潮位和严重的水灾冲坏了海滩。
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。
6.huge expansion of the...……的急剧增加(教材p.52)
【词汇精讲】expansion n.扩大;增加
The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year.
本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。
Despite the recession the company is confident of further expansion.
尽管经济衰退,公司对进一步扩展仍充满信心。
【词汇拓展】
expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加　vt.扩展;发展(业务)
expand into拓展到;拓展成
expand on/upon更充分阐述;详谈
Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
We have plans to expand into the US market.
我们计划进入美国市场。
All the details are in the book.I need not expand on it.
情节都在书上呢,我无须详述。
重点句式
1.As their population expanded,yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.
随着人口的增加,农业需要更多的土地,建筑需要更多的树木。(教材p.51)
【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。more land was needed...是主句,as意为“随着”,引导的是时间状语从句。
As he grew up,he knew more and more about nature.
随着他的成长,他越来越了解大自然。
As time went on,Tom began to realise the importance of study.
随着时间的推移,汤姆意识到了学习的重要性。
【句式拓展】
(1)as表示“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句,多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生,从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后。
As I waited at the stop,I heard a big noise.
我在车站等车时听到一个很大的声响。
(2)as表示“虽然……但是……”,引导让步状语从句,从句通常用倒装语序,把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面,可以用though替代
Child as he is,he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子,但他知道的东西很多。
Hard as it was raining,they went on working in the field.
虽然天下着大雨,但他们继续在田地里干活。
(3)as表示“按照”“依照”“像”,引导方式状语从句,从句置于主句之后。
You should do as the teacher tells you.
你应当依照老师所说的去做。
The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth.
没有空气,也说明了为什么在太空中星星看起来并不闪烁,而不像从地球上看到的那样。
(4)as表示“像……一样”,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较,说明它们之间有相似之处,在从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。
He doesn’t work as hard as I (do).
他不像我工作那样努力。
I hope the necklace was as good as the one you lent me.
我希望我的项链同你借给我的一样好。
(5)as意为“因为;由于”,引导的是原因状语从句,通常为附加说明的理由,且是已知晓的原因。
As she was not well,I went there alone.
因为她身体不好,所以我独自到那里去了。
As he is a tailor,he knows what to do with this material.
因为他是个裁缝,他知道怎样利用这块布料。
2.Its once-great cities fell into ruin,leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
那曾经伟大的城市变成了废墟,留下了各种谜团待后人们解决。(教材p.51)
【句式剖析】leaving various mysteries for later people to solve是“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,to do表示动作将要发生。
We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆忙结束了会议,留下许多问题有待解决。
【句式拓展】
(1)leave sb doing作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示动词在进行。
It is wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你让机器一直运转是错误的。
The boy went away,leaving the water running.
那个小男孩走了,水依然流淌。
(2)leave sth done作宾语补足语的过去分词和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动或完成。
The boy went to sleep,leaving his homework unfinished.
那个小孩没有做完作业就睡觉了。
Father hurried out,leaving his supper untouched.
爸爸没有吃完饭就匆匆忙忙出去了。
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Maya civilisation has been a mystery since it was rediscovered in the 19th century.The Maya built many splendid structures,among 　1　 the step pyramids are most famous.　2　 puzzles people is how they built these structures with 　3　 (they) own hands.To people’s 　4　 (amaze),they applied their understanding of mathematics and astronomy to the Maya calendar,which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.They also developed a real 　5　 (write) system.It was so complicated that no one has been able to interpret it 　6　 (complete) so far.
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.Some research seems 　7　 (indicate) that the people themselves were to blame for the downfall while others also suggest that 　8　 (nature) disasters many have led to the decline of it.Whatever the reasons,Maya civilisation left many 　9　 (mystery) for people to solve.Meanwhile the rise and fall of the civilisation leave us thinking about our own past,present 　10　 future.
答案:1.which　2.What　3.their　4.amazement
5.writing　6.completely　7.to indicate　8.natural
9.mysteries　10.and
Ⅱ.概要写作(根据教材语篇内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要)
参考范文:
Maya civilisation has been a mystery since it was rediscovered in the 19th century.(要点1)The Maya people were so talented that they created the Maya calendar and developed a real writing system.(要点2)However,what puzzles people is the disappearance of Maya civilisation.(要点3)Some suggest it was the people themselves who were to blame while others think it might have been natural disasters.
(要点4)Whatever the reasons,the rise and fall of the civilisation leave us thinking about our own past,present and future.(要点5)

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