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山东省部分市
2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷分类汇编
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山东省烟台市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中学业水平诊断英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
This is the five-day trip for those seeking a short getaway to the perfect island of Bali!
Day 1 Begin Your Stay at Alaya Resort(酒店), Ubud
Your private driver will pick you up from the airport and drive you to Alaya Resort in Ubud, the cultural center of Bali. Surrounded by rice fields, the hotel offers an outdoor pool and a fitness center. You can spend the afternoon enjoying these hotel facilities. In the evening you can head into the town for local cuisines and a look around the craft shops.
Day 2 Explore the Central Bali Temples
Today’s adventure takes you to the must-see sites with a private driver. Going down about 300 steps, you’ll get to a breathtaking 11th-century complex—Pura Gunung Kawi Temple, the final resting place of past dominators, located deep in a valley and known as the “Valley of the Kings”. Visits to other different temples will bring a close to the day.
Day 3 Sunset Performance
You ‘l 1 checkout of the Alaya Resort Ubud and take the scenic drive to Benoa in South Bali. You’ll visit Balinese temples and watch an amazing sunset performance by local dancers, which is characterized by complicated body movements, shining costumes and the accompaniment of traditional music. You’ll stop off at a restaurant and try food typical of local cookery.
Day 4 Leisure Day in Bali
You have the entire day free to relax in Bali. You can choose to shop for local products or relax by the beach. At sunset, you’ll notice how everyone gathers at the beach bars to watch Bali’s truly magical sunset.
Day 5 Departure Day
After breakfast at your hotel, a private driver will drive you to the airport, marking the end of your trip.
1．What can you do in Alaya Resort
A．Visit craft stores. B．Have a swim.
C．Watch live concerts. D．Enjoy free drive service.
2．What can we know about Pura Gunung Kawi Temple
A．It’s the burial ground of ancient rulers.
B．It’s a newly-developed tourist attraction.
C．It’s an annual vacation spot for royal families.
D．It’s a meeting place for leaders from around the globe.
3．On which day will you appreciate a local dance show
A．The first day. B．The second day.
C．The third day. D．The fourth day.
B
Plastic mobile phones cases and sweet wrappers, some more than 50 years old, have recently been pulled from the sea off the coast of East Yorkshire. The finds lead to growing concern among scientists about the long-term impact of plastic waste on our seas, with research suggesting it takes over 400 years for a drinks bottle to breakdown in the sea.
Notpla, a London-based startup company, is currently designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging. Founded in 2014, the company has been sparing no efforts to further develop its product line.
The firm initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s white pollution, because it is plentiful, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops and doesn’t use chemicals, but absorbs carbon from the air. Design director Karlijn Sibbel says, “It can grow into the sea, where it actually has many positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to grow in.”
Sibbel says they look to nature as inspiration “for the ideal packaging” like the skin on a fruit. “A peel (果皮) will eventually be used as nutrients by nature, disappear and become part of the cycle.”
“The exciting thing is that this is a film that can replace most of the flexible packaging you see around,” Sibbel says. The potential contents could include coffee grounds or toilet paper. For food items, such as noodles, they have even experimented with adding flavors to the packaging, so that dissolving the bag could add seasoning to the food. “You can cook with it. And you can really start to rethink what we can do with these materials,” she explained.
The approach feels especially relevant as the world is coming to terms with the effects of decades of uncontrolled plastic production. Co-CEO Paslier says, “We’re excited to see our power in the foodservice industry and looking forward to moving into the fashion markets very soon.
4．What problem is mainly referred to in Paragraph 1
A．Energy crisis. B．Food waste.
C．Ecological disaster. D．White pollution.
5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．How seaweed grows in the sea.
B．How seaweed absorbs carbon from the air.
C．Why seaweed can create more new ecosystems.
D．Why seaweed was chosen as a plastic alternative.
6．What is the ideal packaging according to Sibbel
A．It can be digested by nature. B．It’s as thin as a peel.
C．It can transform into chemicals. D．It bears a flavor enhancer.
7．Which word can best describe the prospects of Notpla
A．Doubtful. B．Uncertain. C．Promising. D．Darkening.
C
Scientists have used lasers (激光) to generate electricity in the lab before. Recently Swiss researchers have found in a mountaintop experiment that a powerful laser can grab hold of a lightning flash and reroute its path through the sky, which is the first demonstration that the technique works in real-world storms and could someday lead to better protection, against lightning.
Today’s most common anti-lightning tech is the classic lightning rod, a meters-long metal pole rooted to the ground. It attracts lightning and safely guides the electricity into the ground. But the area protected by a lightning rod is limited by the rod’s height. “If you want to protect large buildings like airports, you would need a lightning rod of kilometer size,” says Aurélien Houard, a French physicist. Such at all metal pole would be impractical But a laser could reach that far, stopping distant lightning flashes and taking them down to ground-based metal rods.
Houard and his colleagues tested this idea a top S ntis mountain in Switzerland. They setup a high-power laser near a telecommunication tower tipped with a lightning rod that is struck by lightning around 100 times every year. The tower was hit by lightning four times while the laser was on. One of those strikes happened in a fairly clear sky, allowing two high-speed cameras to shoot the moment. Those images showed lightning rushing down from the clouds and following the laser light for some 50 meters toward the tower’s lightning rod.
To follow the paths of the three flashes they couldn’t see, the researchers looked at radio waves given off by the lightning. Those radio waves showed the three strikes followed the path of the laser much more closely than other strikes that happened when the laser was off. This suggested that the laser guided these three strikes to the lightning rod as well.
It’s a real achievement but the laser is too expensive. It’ll probably take a decade or more before it’s truly able to protect large buildings.
8．What new function of lasers was discovered in the outdoor experiment
A．To prevent storms. B．To produce electricity.
C．To set off lightning flashes. D．To redirect lightning strikes.
9．What aspect of a lightning rod does paragraph 2 focus on
A．Its category. B．Its structure. C．Its weakness. D．Its inventor.
10．How did the researchers track the invisible lightning flash
A．Through cameras. B．Through its radio waves.
C．Through a tower. D．Through a lightning rod.
11．Where can we most probably read this text
A．In a personal diary. B．In a popular magazine.
C．In a physics textbook. D．In a class presentation.
D
The British may be made fun of for their weather-related small talk, but a recent study suggests that just four minutes of chatting can reveal aspects of our personality and influence subsequent social interactions.
Researchers divided 338 participants into two groups before meeting in person and asked each participant to complete a personality and IQ test. Within each group, participants were paired and either conversed by text for 4 minutes or had no contact with their partner. Participants were then required to infer aspects of their partner’s personality and predict whether they would act cooperatively or selfishly in two money-based strategy games.
The results showed that those who chatted scored higher in predicting their partners’ IQ and personality test responses, but were also more likely to project their own personality characteristics on to their partners. “Our research suggests that in just a few minutes of small talk, we begin to form a mental model of the person we’re talking to,” says Professor Sgroi.
Participants then met and played with their conversation partner or, in the case of the no-contact group, met and played with strangers.
The researchers then gave each participant 20 and asked them to contribute to a joint pot (罐) shared with their partners, an experiment called the Public Goods Game.
The team says people who have chatted with their partners are more likely to correctly predict their contributions to the pot. In addition, those who chatted beforehand contributed 30% more than those who did not. The results also depended on the relationships they established through small talk.
Georgie Nightingall, founder of Trigger Conversations, says that small talk is a great way to encourage cooperation in the workplace. “People are bad at small talk because it feels like there is no end to it. It can feel awkward and pointless once you have all the information you need. While asking questions helps build relationships with people, people will be happy to have a chat if you show that you care about others. My advice is to be sincere (真诚) and considerate.”
12．What does the underlined word “reveal” mean in Paragraph 1
A．Contribute to. B．Give away. C．Limit. D．Change.
13．What helps conversation partners predict their contributions correctly
A．Their common interests and hobbies.
B．The differences of their personalities.
C．The accurate judgments of each other’s IQ.
D．Their previous impressions and connections.
14．What does Nightingall suggest we do to inspire others to communicate with us
A．Avoid asking them questions. B．Share our personal privacy.
C．Show genuine concern for them. D．Start with our strengths and virtues.
15．What’s the purpose of this text
A．To present a research outcome.
B．To describe a cultural phenomenon.
C．To assess British people’s social skills.
D．To motivate people to interact by texting.
山东省泰安市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Among the works of art ever created by human hands, there are those masterpieces that have left their mark on the history of mankind forever. These artworks have always inspired millions of people for creative daring and new creative discoveries.
Mona Lisa
Probably the most famous painting in the world is Leonardo da Vinci’s La Gioconda, better known as Mona Lisa. This painting is an image of Madame Gherardini, the ideal woman of the Renaissance. And it suffered from being damaged, stolen and even hung in Napoleon’s bedroom. The painting is officially announced priceless, as this masterpiece is the best art of all time. Mona Lisa is currently kept in the Louvre, Paris.
The Birth of Venus
Another of the most famous paintings is the Birth of Venus. Botticelli’s painting illustrates the myth of the birth of Aphrodite. The beautiful goddess floats to the shore in a sea shell and on the shore she is met by one of the Graces. The Birth of Venus is well preserved thanks to the fact that Botticelli applied a protective layer of egg yolk (蛋黄) to the painting. This masterpiece is kept in Florence in the Uffizi Gallery.
The Persistence of Memory
According to the author himself, the picture was painted as a result of abstract associations that Dali had at the sight of processed cheese. Gala predicted quite correctly that no one, once having seen the Persistence of Memory, will forget it. This outstanding painting is located in the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
Girl with a Pearl Earring
It’s an oil painting on canvas (画布) by Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer, one of his most well-known works. It describes an imaginary young woman in exotic (异国情调的) dress and a very large pearl earring. The work permanently stays in the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague.
1．Which picture experienced a lot in its being preserved process
A．Mona Lisa. B．The Birth of Venus.
C．The Persistence of Memory. D．Girl with a Pearl Earring.
2．How is the Birth of Venuswell preserved
A．By being painted on canvas.
B．By being kept in Florence.
C．With permanent care.
D．With a protective layer of egg of yolk.
3．Where will you probably find the text
A．In a novel. B．In a fairy tale.
C．In a magazine. D．In a book review.
B
Eight months after my father died, I saw some letters on top of my mother’s coffee table. They were tied with a silk ribbon (丝带) and addressed to her decades ago in my father’s neat handwriting. I couldn’t imagine my serious father ever writing anything like love letters.
“Would you like me to read them to you ” Mom asked with a smile.
The letters were written in 1974 when my father traveled to Italy to care for his beloved, sick mother, leaving his wife and me, their new born daughter, behind in Toronto, the city my parents called home after immigrating to Canada from Italy in 1956.
Growing up, my father was my hero and protector, but he was also a man of few words, part of a generation of immigrant men who worked hard for a better life.
I sat back while my mother read his letters to me, and thought, “Who is this guy ” My father used endearing expressions I had never heard him say. He referred to my mother as “my dearest” and “my companion” who was always in his thoughts. In each letter, he attached a Canadian one–dollar bill for me and announced, “You and your mother are my life.”
As children, we are sure we know everything about our parents. But, sometimes, we find out that they were and are people with various aspects.
My father was proud and stubborn (固执的), and so was my mother. During their 58-year marriage, their stubbornness often led to conflict. So it was bittersweet to hear my father’s youthful feelings read aloud by elderly mother with a wistful (留恋的) tone.
These letters are only part of their correspondence. My mother wrote back to my father. One day she will read those letters to me. And just as with my father, they might help me discover another dimension of a parent I never knew before.
4．How did the author feel while Mom read Dad’s letters
A．Amused. B．Depressed. C．Surprised. D．Heartbroken.
5．Why did the father travel abroad
A．To have a reunion with his wife.
B．To attend his beloved, sick mother.
C．To take care of the new born daughter.
D．To visit the city my parents called home.
6．What can we learn about the author’s father
A．He was good at hiding his feelings.
B．He was proud and sociable.
C．He was a loving husband and father.
D．He was stubborn and serious.
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．My Father, My Hero B．Understanding Our Loved Ones
C．My Parents’ Marriage D．Finding a Different Father
C
Many of us were told from an early age that, “you learn from your mistakes”. But is this actually true
The short answer is “yes” — failure can be a teachable moment. But learning from our mistakes is, in reality, very hard because we don’t like to fail. It doesn’t feel good, so we react to failure in impulsive and emotional ways, like giving up on a task prematurely, telling ourselves we don’t care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself. This is self-protective, according to Hallgeir, a professor of psychology at the Norwegian School of Economics. “Most of us want to think of ourselves as competent”, he says, so when we fail “it poses a serious threat to our self-image”.
Fortunately, there is research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure. One of them is to adopt a third-person perspective. Instead of asking “Why did I fail ”, we could ask “Why did Sam fail ”, for example. Multiple studies by psychologist Ethan Kross at the University of Michigan show that adopting a third-person perspective helps to soften our negative emotional reactions, allowing us to look at failure more objectively.
A second strategy involves offering advice to others who may be in the same position as us. This strategy led to better levels of motivation and academic success in the test groups — involving both adults and children — that were asked to give advice based on their own failures. Professors Eskreis-Winkler and Duckworth found that the satisfaction of helping others “forces people to engage with their experience and what they have learned”.
The writer Samuel Beckett once said: “fail again, fail better”. But it now seems that we should be saying: “fail again, fail smarter”. Failure is an unavoidable part of life, but by learning to overcome the emotional barriers around it, we may find the road to success is a little easier to navigate (确定方向).
8．What does the underlined word “impulsive” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Uncontrollable. B．Optimistic. C．Impressive. D．Ambitious.
9．Why don’t we like to fail
A．Failure can be teachable.
B．Failure threatens our self-image.
C．Failure is an unavoidable part of life.
D．Learning from our failures is very hard.
10．Which of the following will the writer agree with
A．Failure can be avoided if we learn from it.
B．Giving advice to others can help us fail better.
C．Only those who succeed can give advice to others.
D．A third-person perspective helps us out of the bad feelings of failure.
11．What does the text focus on
A．Smarter ways to learn from failure.
B．How to fail better when we fail again.
C．Failure can let us succeed more easily.
D．Why we react to failure in emotional ways.
D
The Department for Health and Social Care (DHSC) confirmed this week that a ban on displaying products high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) in noticeable locations such as shop entrances and cashier desk areas will come into force on October 1. The Government also confirmed it is delaying a ban on multibuy deals on HFSS foods, such as “buy one, get one free”, until October next year in response to customers facing cost-of-living pressure. There has been no confirmation over plans for a crackdown (打击) on junk food advertising, which had also been delayed for a year.
It emerged earlier this month that the Government was reviewing its anti-obesity (对抗肥胖) strategy. It was reported that plans to tackle junk food could be abandoned by Prime Minister Ms Truss with fears that it would increase pressure on customers already struggling with rising costs.
Food and Drink Federation chief executive (执行官) Karen Betts said: “Our industry looks forward to continuing to work with Government to help tackle obesity and poor diets. Food and drink businesses know we have worked hard over many years to redevelop the recipes of our products to make them healthier while keeping their delicious flavours. This has included work to help people choose appropriate amount of food. We know how valuable good health is to everyone, and we’re committed to continuing with this and other work to help people eat well whatever their lifestyle.”
Association of Convenience Stores chief executive James Lowman said, “Local shops have sunk huge sums of money in refitting their stores to obey these regulations when their businesses are already under pressure from rising energy bills and increased products costs. Retailers (零售商) have been frustrated by the Government’s rushed approaches to policy development and hesitancy about implementation dates.”
Health campaigners said they hope companies will use the year’s delay “responsibly” to develop a healthier food offering.
12．According to the passage, which regulation will be put into effect
A．The ban on junk food.
B．The ban on junk food display.
C．The ban on junk food advertising.
D．The ban on multibuy deals on junk foods.
13．Why did the Government hesitate to carry out the bans on junk food
A．It was concerned about the obesity problem.
B．It was concerned about the food display problem.
C．It was concerned about the food flavours problem.
D．It was concerned about the cost-of-living pressure.
14．What is the attitude of retailers towards the ban
A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Opposed.
15．What can we infer from the text
A．Food and drink businesses support anti-obesity strategy.
B．The Government only cares about the economy development.
C．Local shops look forward to the ban on displaying HFSS products.
D．Health campaigners will take the responsibility to offer healthier diets.
山东省济宁市2022-2023学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Discover the best things to do in Beijing with our round-up of art and exhibitions, performances and popular activities.
Jazz With JLCO and Wynton Marsalis
Jazz at Lincon Centre Orchesra and trumpet master Wynton Marsalis will join hands to tour three Chinese cities: Shenzhen, Beijing and Tianjin in April, bringing the most popular jazz music from the US. Their Beijing stop will be on March 20, at the Forbidden City Concert Hall,
If you go: 7:30 p.m. April 24.
Ticket: 180-1,080 yuan
Chen Sa Piano Recital
Chinese pianist Chen Sa has appeared at many music festivals, including the Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival and the Purl Piano Festival. The performance at the National Centre for the Performing Arts features the melodies of French composer Debussy.
If you go: 7:30 p. m. December 20.
Ticket: 80—500 yuan
African Wood Carvings
African art motivated artists such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse in the early 20th century. But besides art, the continent has a long and rich heritage of wood carving. Tree of Life, an exhibition at the National Art Museum of China, features African wood carvings from countries such as Tanzania, Mozambique and Benin.
If you go: 9 a. m.—5 p. m. January 21.
Ticket: Free
Another Way of Telling
This exhibition, staged at the Three Shadows Photography Art Centre, shows almost 100 works of Anna Fox and Karen Knorr, two leading documentary photographers in the UK. It features different series of works, such as photographs discussing problems of social classes, working environments, and self- awareness.
If you go: 10 a. m.—5p.m. January 6.
Ticket: 60 yuan
1．When can we enjoy music composed by Debussy
A．At 3 p. m. January 6. B．At 10 a. m. January 21.
C．At 7:30 p. m. April 24. D．At 7:30 p. m. December 20.
2．What can we do at the Tree of Life exhibition
A．Enjoy classical music.
B．Appreciate Pablo Picasso’s works.
C．Learn basic skills of wood carving.
D．Get to know a special art form from Tanzania.
3．Where will Karen Knorr’s works be exhibited
A．At the Forbidden City Concert Hall.
B．At the National Art Museum of China.
C．At the National Centre for the Performing Arts.
D．At the Three Shadows Photography Art Centre.
B
From the top of Mount Qomolangma to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, plastic continues to pollute the environment, and it creates a significant threat to all life forms on Earth. Despite knowing the effects of plastic pollution, we have not been able to ban the use of plastic products. Now, thanks to the invention of a 17-year-old girl, Arora, we finally have a better choice. This plastic-like material is made from prawn shells, and it breaks down 1.5 million times faster than most of the commercial plastic products we use today.
The Australian teen first became aware of the impact of plastic waste on the environment when shopping with her mother. She wondered why her mother had to pay for the plastic bags. When asked, the cashier informed her how plastic hurts the planet and that the additional charge was there to encourage people not to use it. This inspired Arora to create a kind of plastic that would break down faster than the conventional one.
But the journey of inventing “eco-friendly plastic” was not easy. She experimented with a number of organic materials such as cornflour and banana peels, both of which had to be ruled out because of their solubility. One night, while having dinner, she noticed that the shells of prawns look plasticky. She immediately went to the lab to research. Later, she would describe that dinner as her “Eureka” moment.
She extracted the material called “chitin” from the shells and then mixed it with an insoluble protein called “fibroin”, which is found in silk cocoons. Using the combination of these two organic materials, Arora created a plastic-like material that breaks down completely within just 33 days. Moreover, this plastic releases nitrogen when breaking down, which is why it can be used as plant fertilizer.
Arora’s invention has caused a stir, and she has won a number of awards. As an inspiring young woman, Arora wants to make a difference in the world, and she wants to encourage other young people to follow their passion and make a positive difference however they can.
4．What inspired Arora to create a kind of special plastic
A．A cashier’s words about paid plastic bags. B．Her determination to protect the prawns.
C．A class about plastic’s impact on the planet. D．Her plan to save money on plastic products.
5．What could be a “Eureka” moment
A．A moment of needing reflection. B．A moment of finding the truth.
C．A moment of having sudden inspiration. D．A moment of enjoying the celebration.
6．What can be known about the new plastic in paragraph 4
A．It is made from non-organic materials. B．It can break down totally in a month.
C．It can be used to help plants to grow. D．It is extracted from an insoluble protein.
7．Which of the following can best describe Arora
A．Brave and clever. B．Creative and inspiring.
C．Active and considerate. D．Humorous and friendly.
C
Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world. Whether it is tapping technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need, parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children.
Modern parents often look to the Internet and social media for parenting advice. A parent can post questions from how to manage the constant cries of an infant to how to talk to a moody teenager, and chances are, the parent will be flooded instantly with advice and relevant articles. The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children’s development, both academically and emotionally.
A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children. They help children with tasks they’re capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them. Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children’s ability to handle responsibilities independently. Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as doing laundry(洗衣), clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork. Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem-solving.
On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children weren’t given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends. They were often expected to shoulder. the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework. Living in the pre-internet age, parents were less informed about different parenting methods, and personalities.
There is no one right way to raise a child. Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering, who are supportive but not controlling, and who protect but not care too much.
8．What does the author explain by mentioning “an infant” and “a moody teenager” in paragraph 2
A．Devotion to kids. B．Tricky parenting problems.
C．Effective parenting. D．Easy access to guidance.
9．What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting
A．Flexible. B．Efficient. C．Overinvolved. D．Conventional.
10．What do we know about parents in the past
A．They educated kids in a rigid way.
B．They afforded kids more space for self-growth.
C．They overestimated their kids’ independence.
D．They tended to stay away from social activities.
11．What’s the author’s attitude towards the two parenting modes mentioned in the passage
A．Subjective B．Opposed
C．Favorable D．Objective
D
There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science. It is often said that stories change the world, what is less often heard is that stories change science, and therefore the future.
The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to plot planning in Futures Studies, which shapes our ideas about: the future, and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne’s submarine or the satellites of 2001 Space Odyssey.
In the words of Dutch researcher Sofia Kaloterakis, “Science fiction narratives structure our imaginative models about techno-scientific projects such as robotics or space exploration". Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about Artificial Intelligence or how Snow Crash, Neal Stephenson’s novel, has impacted what we now call the Metaverse (元宇宙)
Science fiction helps us define possible futures. It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds. It also allows us to put technological prototypes (原型) in the context of their use by humans. But most importantly, it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene (干预) in the future.
Alex McDowell, creator of the Minority Report, and Peter von Stackelberg explain what fictional narratives can bring to the table;
The richness of “storyworlds”—the “universes” within which stories take place—provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story, and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.
Lastly, the relationship of future narratives to theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars. A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world, we are constructing them. And, therefore, prediction is also a social construction. In narrating, we intervene in the world. In narrating the world, we construct it. In writing science fiction, we intervene in the science of the future.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．The storyworlds created by science fictions.
B．Artifacts and technologies in science fictions.
C．Science fiction narratives affecting future studies.
D．The relation between science and science fictions,
13．What is the most important role of science fiction
A．It provides us with technologies and tools.
B．It allows us to establish reasonable future.
C．It helps us learn the rules of fictional world.
D．It decides our thinking and affects the future.
14．What do we know about “storyworlds”
A．There are general rules for a single story.
B．They have a potential context within a story
C．There are no regulations or guiding systems.
D．They are the “universes” where stories happen.
15．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Scholars care little about narratives about future.
B．Objects can’t be constructed by words or symbols.
C．The science of future intervenes in today’s science.
D．Science fiction narratives can construct future worlds.
山东省日照市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Museums around the World
State Hermitage Museum
Location: St. Petersburg, Russia
Number of annual visitors: 4.96 million
The State Hermitage is the second-largest art museum in the world, after the Louvre. The museum has in its collection over 3 million items and boasts the world’s largest collection of paintings. Only a part of the collection is on permanent display and includes Greek, Egyptian and Roman antiques, Renaissance paintings, Impressionist works and much more.
Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
Location: Shanghai, China
Number of annual visitors: 4.82 million
One of China’s most popular museums, Shanghai’s Science and Technology Museum offers fun exhibitions that will nurture your mind. The museum has permanent exhibitions dedicated to the wonders of the Earth, the human body, innovation and invention, robotics and more.
National Gallery of Art
Location: Washington, D．C．
Number of annual visitors: 4.07 million
The National Gallery is located on D．C．’s culturally rich National Mall and has some of the most important pieces of Western art found in the U.S.— including “Ginevra de’ Benci,” Da Vinci’s only publicly displayed painting in the Americas.
Tate Modern
Location: London, England
Number of annual visitors: 6.1 million
Built as a response to the limited space at London’s National Gallery, the Tate is now one of the most important contemporary art institutions on the planet. You can see Cubist paintings by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso as well as works by Juan Gris, Paul Klee, Monet, Dali and more.
1．Which museum has the largest number of visitors in a year
A．State Hermitage Museum.
B．Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.
C．National Gallery of Art.
D．Tate Modern.
2．What makes Shanghai Science and Technology Museum different from others
A．Its wonders. B．Its paintings.
C．Its theme. D．Its antiques.
3．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A science report. B．A travel guide.
C．An academic article. D．An official document.
B
“The first time I came to Zhadong village, I was struck by its natural beauty. The adobe (土坯) homes fit perfectly with the green environment,” recalls Hansen Nico Rene, a 63-year-old retired policeman. “But when we entered the houses, we found people were poor. There was a fireplace, a table, and some chairs.”
The village Hansen visited is in a remote mountainous area in Guangxi’s Hechi city. Before coming to Zhadong, Hansen had settled in downtown Hechi for six years. What brought the retiree to Zhadong was a notice for volunteers to aid the poverty campaign in March 2018. At the time of Hansen’s first visit, there were still some parts of the village that were not accessible by road. It was a rainy day, but dozens of people were busy in the fields working with cables, bamboo, and iron posts, so Hansen went to see what was going on and found out that they were preparing to grow passion fruit to help people out of poverty.
After the visits, Hansen suggested that the village use the land behind it to build a farm, and he also participated in the construction work himself. “It was a jungle. We brought electricity and water, and then we built a small farm. Now there are nearly 2,000 pigs and 200 cows. It is still growing,” Hansen says.
Today, this farm brings over 100,000 yuan in income to the villagers each year. With Hansen’s assistance, the village’s officials and other volunteer workers, developed featured industries, including cattle and sheep breeding and fruit planting. Hansen is quite satisfied with his work in the village. “Now everything has changed. The adobe homes have gone. Today everyone lives in new houses with a separate kitchen, living room, bathroom, and bedrooms. There is also electricity and internet connection.”
Hansen returned to the city in May 2021. However, he maintains a deep attachment to Zhadong, and often goes back to the village to see his old friends and promote tourism by sharing pictures of local landscapes and cultural events on social media with his friends in Europe and beyond.
4．What impressed Hansen first when he visited Zhadong village
A．The adobe homes. B．The natural beauty.
C．The friendly people. D．The green lifestyle.
5．Why did Hansen go to Zhadong village
A．To settle there. B．To be a volunteer.
C．To fund a road. D．To grow passion fruit.
6．How did Hansen help out in the village
A．He took part in building a farm.
B．He worked as the leader of the village.
C．He introduced the village to the tourists.
D．He designed new houses for the villagers.
7．Which of the following can best describe Hansen
A．Creative and ambitious. B．Talented and productive.
C．Devoted and selfless. D．Cautious and cooperative.
C
The Sunday Times spoke to 23 people including social workers, psychologists and parents, who said the impact of social media on the mental health of the young in Singapore is concerning.
Mr Cho Ming Xiu, founder of mental advocacy non-profit Campus PSY, said most young people find it difficult not to check on their friends on social media and compare their lives. “You can’t just do well in your studies. You have to be an all-rounder—you have to have a good CCA record, secure a good internship at a reputable company. This constant competition emphasized by social media channels by their peers—when everyone is posting about good things—intensifies competition, and young people find it stressful,” he added.
Psychologists say that the flood of attractive posts can cause feelings of dissatisfaction, especially among young people with less experience to tell the social media world from real life. Assistant director of Touch Mental Wellness Andrea Chan said, “Seeing good things can draw much envy and comparison, while identification with bad things can lead to a negative circle.” And the strengthening of pleasure-seeking posting on social media can result in addiction, said the head of psychology at the Singapore University of Social Science.
Ms Lee Yi Ping, program leader of Community Health Assessment Team, said, “In the event that a young person feels disappointed by the responses received, the depression is often left unnoticed unless the young person openly talks about it with another trusted person. Support must come from family and friends who can constantly remind the young people that no matter how challenging a life circumstance can be, they can overcome it.” “With timely and proper medical and psycho-social treatments by formal sources of support like helping professionals, coupled with informal sources of support like family and friends, young people stand a better chance with recovery and regain the ability to pursue their ambitions in life,” she added.
The experts say if these pressures are left unchecked, negative thoughts and feelings from social media can contribute to depression, anxiety and eating disorders.
8．What does the underlined word “intensifies” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Ruins. B．Updates. C．Heightens. D．Brightens.
9．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The effects of social media. B．The situation of social media.
C．The reasons for social media addiction. D．The enthusiasm for good posts on media.
10．What do we know from Ms Lee Yi Ping’s words
A．Professional treatment does little to help out.
B．The ambition will reduce unnoticed depression.
C．Support from parents and friends really matters.
D．Young people can overcome the depression alone.
11．What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A．Experts can address the impact of media.
B．The young ignore the unchecked pressures.
C．Pleasure-seeking posting is supposed to become popular.
D．Negative feelings from social media do harm to the young.
D
Virtual reality gamers (VR game) who finished it faster than their fellow gamers also have higher levels of general intelligence and processing capacity. This was the result of a study conducted by Markus Weinmann from the University of Cologne. The results also indicate that virtual reality games can be useful supplementary(补充) human resource management tools in companies for predicting the job performance of an applicant.
Several studies have already shown that video games may indicate or even help to develop intellectual and cognitive abilities. As intelligence is one of the most commonly used predictors for job performance, video games could be interesting for the human resource management. Although many companies are increasingly using VR technology to recruit(招募) candidates, only few studies have specifically investigated whether and how VR games can be used to draw conclusions about intelligence in this area. The study contributes to bridging the gap between research and practice.
Weinmann invited 103 participants to their lab. Under controlled laboratory conditions, they played the commercial VR game “Job Simulator”and completed the short version of the intelligence test BIS-4. The researcher’s analyses show that an increase of 17% in processing capacity correlated with less time spent playing the game (by an average of 3.7 minutes).
The results are a scientific novelty, as it has hardly been possible to conduct VR studies with state-of-the-art VR hardware. There are thus few studies that have investigated the correlation between behavior in VR and intelligence, “There are already some companies that use games, so-called ‘serious games’, for recruiting. The new results are in line with this specific application of VR games and show that they can be used for recruiting,” said Weinmann.
The scientists intend to continue their research on the potential of video games for practical applications. Among other things, they are investigating how people behave in virtual world.
12．What can we learn from Weinmann’s study
A．The results are far from satisfactory.
B．The participants can play the game freely.
C．It aims to develop intellectual ability.
D．It helps to combine research with practice.
13．What is Weinmann’s attitude to the result of the study
A．Unclear. B．Intolerant. C．Favorable. D．Doubtful.
14．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Limitations of the study.
B．Possible directions for future study.
C．The present situation of the study.
D．The explanation of the research method.
15．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．VR games can be used in recruitment
B．VR games can indicate intelligence level
C．VR games improve applicants’ performance
D．VR games have gain popularity in management
山东省临沂市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中英语试题
第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
The exhibitions of the Polk Museum of
Art at Florida Southern College
Transcendence
January 8, 2022-February 13, 2022
This exhibition features artworks by students from Polk: County School District high schools. The museum hosts several exhibitions per year in the George Jenkins Student Gallery that feature artworks by Polk County School — District students.
Finding Meaning Within
January 30, 2022-February 24 , 2022
Gallery II of the Polk Museum of Art at Florida Southern College presents an original, extraordinary exhibition, showcasing John Pinderhughes9 broad eye and his ability to find meaning and value in everything — and every person — he photographs.
When We Were Young
January 13, 2022-April 6, 2022
When We Were Young in the Dorothy Jenkins Gallery focuses on two of the most timeless ideas in art — children and animals — both popular subjects of art history for as long as art has been produced. The exhibition features nearly the entire art collection of the Golisano Children's Museum of Naples.
Material World: A Global Family Portrait
June 25, 2022-October 30, 2022
This exhibition in the Selma J. B. Marks Gallery is the result of American photo journalist Peter MenzeFs project to help viewers grasp a sense of cross-culture realities and to celebrate our common humanity. Sixteen of the world's foremost photographers traveled around the world, visiting thirty different countries to live for a week with families that are statistically average for that nation.
21. Which of the following exhibitions shows Pinderhughes5 artwork
A. Transcendence. B. When We Were Young.
C. Finding Meaning Within. D. Material World: A Global Family Portrait.
22. When can you see the exhibition exploring the theme of children and animals
A. On June 25, 2022. B. On January 8, 2022.
C. On April 6, 2022. D. On October 30, 2022.
23. Where can you view the photos about the common humanity of the peoples
A. Gallery II. B. The Selma J. B. Marks Gallery.
C. The Dorothy Jenkins Gallery. D. The George Jenkins Student Gallery.
B
Society sometimes thinks disabled people can't do much of anything. But that misconception has been blown out of the water by successful people who have disabilities. Helen Keller could not see or hear. Thomas Edison and Beethoven were deaf. We also have local achievers who are rarely recognized. For instance, Bob Church.
“When you listen to people on the radio, you often wonder how they look. I wonder at their reaction when I go out to work for the radio station and for the first time they see me. I wonder what their reaction is when they know I have to walk with braces and crutches （拐杖）, ” Church said.
Church, who got polio （小儿麻痹症）as a child, has hosted the early-morning radio program for almost 14 years. He is likable — the kind of guy you would love to have over to watch a ball game or attend a party.
“I had an accident and broke my legs, and 1 was in a wheelchair. That was like taking two legs off me, since I used crutches to walk and I couldn't use one arm, Church said. "That's the first time I realized that was a problem. " But he isn't going to let it get him down.
Though he admits he is painful when he gets up each day, it doesn't seem to be a big deal. Church says he does have some ideas of things he would like to do.
"I take up golf. I’d like to teach disabled kids. If you don't know, you can't do it. If no one says you can't do something, you can usually find a way to do it. You know, I’ve affected a lot of people, just by my being. It makes me feel good. A lot of people I know don5t care that I have a disability. Those I don't know say, 'Wow, ' when they find out, ” Church says.
24. Why does the author mention some successful people in paragraph 1
A. To encourage disabled people.
B. To introduce the topic of the text.
C. To provide background information.
D. To indicate they are rarely recognized.
25. What does Bob Church probably do
A. He is a morning radio host. B. He is a radio listener.
C. He is a fashion designer. D. He is a stage performer.
26. Which of the following best describes Bob Church
A. Considerate and brave. B. Unusual and generous.
C. Popular and determined. D. Curious and friendly.
27. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Church is not content with his life.
B. Church is often made fun of by others.
C. Disabled kids usually like playing golf.
D. The disabled can also make a difference.
C
Moving a step closer to a world that depends less on fossil fuels, Swedish manufacturer, Volvo has exhibited a load carrier made out of fossil-free steel. The vehicle operates autonomously and can follow a predefined path at a job site. Its electric motor ensures that the operations do not generate any emissions.
According to a report, every ton of steel produced generates an average of 1. 85 tons of carbon dioxide. Steel production accounts for eight percent of annual carbon emissions in the world and decarbonizing （脱碳）the production is a major challenge for countries promising zero emissions by 2050.
Having the world's first actual vehicle made using SSAB's fossil-free steel is a true milestone （里程碑）, ” said Martin Lindqvist from steel company SSAB. "Our cooperation with Volvo Group shows that green transition is possible and brings results. " The technology replaces the fossil fuels used in steelmaking with fossil-free electricity and hydrogen （氢）.
However, the electric motor on the carrier is not entirely made from fossil-free steel, therefore the company cannot claim to have made a completely emission-free vehicle. To answer the claims, Volvo Chief Technical Officer, Lars Stenqvist said that three tons of green steel were used to make the load carrier while the vehicle's weight is over eight tons. However, the total weight also includes heavier parts like massive tires （轮胎）with high load-bearing capacities.
“ This initiative with SSAB sets the standard for a fossil-free future, '‘ said Martin Lundstedt from Volvo Group. " just as the nations of the world get together to address climate change, so too must organizations and industries work cooperatively to develop innovative new solutions for a greenhouse gas emission free future. "
28. What can we learn about the load carrier
A. It can drive itself.
B. Its tires weigh more than five tons.
C. Its electric motor is free of fossil fuels.
D. It is intended to transport steel at a job site.
29. Why is the report in paragraph 2 mentioned
A. To advocate a low-carbon lifestyle.
B. To criticize the less-developed steel production.
C. To highlight the threat caused by carbon emissions.
D. To stress the necessity of the use of fossil-free steel.
30. What does Martin Lindqvist think of the load carrier
A. It is a major breakthrough.
B. It appeals to the public interest.
C. It has promoted the advance of technology.
D. It has strengthened the two companies' friendship.
31. What does Martin Lundstedt want to tell us in the last paragraph
A. More green vehicles are to be made.
B. The load carrier is far from satisfactory.
C. Cooperation is the key to a green future.
D. SSAB takes the lead in steel production.
D
Ask an art historian about 15th-century Italian art and they'll probably bring up Sandro Botticelli's Primavera, Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper or the early career works of Michelangelo. Meanwhile, assessments of the Florentine sculptor Donatello often pale in comparison with praise of his superstar contemporaries. Donatello deserves better, argues an ambitious new exhibition. On view through July 31 at two museums in Florence, Italy, Donatello: The RenaissanceM tries to place the sculptor at the center of the era, writes reporter Elisabetta Povoledo for The New York Times.
"This is an extremely unusual exhibit, since Donatello is a father of the Renaissance, Donatello scholar Francesco Caglioti tells The Times. Arturo Galansino, director of the Palazzo Strozzi, takes the argument one step further, telling The Wall Street Journal's J. S. Marcus that the exhibition identifies Donatello as "the inventor of the Renaissance. "
Donatello's masterpieces were paired with works by Filippo Brunelleschi, Giovanni Bellini, Michelangelo and Raphael to showcase his significant impact on generations of Italian artists. " Some exhibitions are once in a lifetime, but this show is the first time in history, ” said Galansino earlier this month.
While some people think of Michelangelo's marble （大理石）David （1501-1504） as an incomparable work, Donatello actually sculpted one of the statue's key inspirations: a bronze （青 铜）David. Created between 1435 and 1450, likely for the Medici family, the sculpture was conceived （构思）independently of any architectural surroundings. Scholars, therefore, consider Donatello's David the first of such a style in Renaissance history.
Besides, Donatello's Madonna influenced similar works by Italian Baroque painter Artemisia Gentileschi. Just as Donatello has been relatively overlooked in favor of his contemporaries, Gentileschi and a handful of other Renaissance women artists are just starting to get their due — a trend evidenced by a recent exhibition at the Detroit Institute of Arts.
"Donatello: The Renaissanc" follows the artist's life and work, moving through his early years in his native city and a long-term residency in Padua. By the end of his life, Donatello's work was primarily financed by the powerful Medici family.
32. What does the new exhibition intend to do
A. Restress Leonardo da Vinci’s achievements.
B. Retell the stories of artists in the Renaissance.
C. Rediscover Italian art in the contemporary context.
D. Rethink the key role Donatello played in his time.
33. What does Galansino say about the exhibition
A. It is historically significant.
B. It is more comprehensive than others.
C. It has met with lots of criticism.
D. It has presented a completely new art form.
34. What can be inferred about the bronze David
A. It disappointed the Medici family.
B. It was a copy of the marble David.
C. It was created two hundred years ago.
D. It inspired Michelangelo to some extent.
35. What do the underlined words "get their due” mean in paragraph 5
A. Fall into disfavor. B. Receive recognition.
C. Reshape their styles. D. Suffer discrimination.
答案：
山东省烟台市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中学业水平诊断英语试题
1．B
2．A
3．C
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了完美的巴厘岛五天之旅。
1．
细节理解题。文章Day 1 Begin Your Stay at Alaya Resort(酒店), Ubud讲到“Surrounded by rice fields, the hotel offers an outdoor pool and a fitness center. (酒店被稻田环绕，提供一个室外游泳池和一个健身中心)”可知在阿拉亚度假村可以游泳，故选B。
2．
推理判断题。文章Day 2 Explore the Central Bali Temples讲到“Going down about 300 steps, you’ll get to a breathtaking 11th-century complex—Pura Gunung Kawi Temple, the final resting place of past dominators (沿着大约300级台阶往下走，你会到达一座令人惊叹的11世纪建筑群Pura Gunung Kawi寺庙，这是过去统治者的最后安息之地)”可知Pura Gunung Kawi寺庙是古代统治者的墓地，故选A。
3．
细节理解题。文章Day 3 Sunset Performance讲到“You’ll visit Balinese temples and watch an amazing sunset performance by local dancers, which is characterized by complicated body movements, shining costumes and the accompaniment of traditional music. (您将参观巴厘岛的寺庙，观看当地舞者令人惊叹的日落表演，其特点是复杂的肢体动作、闪亮的服装和传统音乐的伴奏)”可知在第三天欣赏当地的舞蹈表演，故选C。
4．D
5．D
6．A
7．C
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料污染日益严重的情况下，一家名叫Notpla的公司采用海藻作为塑料包装的替代品，这种方法不仅切实可行，而且对环境有益，应用领域很广泛。
4．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The finds lead to growing concern among scientists about the long-term impact of plastic waste on our seas, with research suggesting it takes over 400 years for a drinks bottle to breakdown in the sea.（这一发现让科学家们越来越担心塑料垃圾对海洋的长期影响，研究表明，一个饮料瓶在海洋中分解需要400多年的时间。）”可知，第一段主要介绍了塑料垃圾难以分解，会对海洋造成负面影响，即白色污染的问题。故选D项。
5．
主旨大意题。根据第三段“The firm initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s white pollution, because it is plentiful, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops and doesn’t use chemicals, but absorbs carbon from the air. Design director Karlijn Sibbel says, “It can grow into the sea, where it actually has many positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to grow in.”（该公司一开始就将海藻视为解决全球白色污染的办法，因为海藻资源丰富，生长迅速，不与陆地作物竞争，不使用化学品，但能从空气中吸收碳。设计总监Karlijn Sibbel说：“它可以生长在海里，它实际上有很多积极的好处，可以为其他生物创造新的生态系统。”）”可知，该段落主要解释了利用海藻来解决白色污染的原因，不仅方案可行，而且还可以带来很多的好处。D项“为什么选择海藻作为塑料替代品”符合段落大意。故选D项。
6．
细节理解题。根据第四段“Sibbel says they look to nature as inspiration “for the ideal packaging” like the skin on a fruit. “A peel (果皮) will eventually be used as nutrients by nature, disappear and become part of the cycle.”（Sibbel说，他们从自然中寻找“理想包装”的灵感，比如水果的表皮。“果皮最终会被自然用作营养物质，消失并成为循环的一部分。”）”可知，在Sibbel看来，理想的包装应该像果皮一样，最终被自然消化，进入循环的状态。故选A项。
7．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The approach feels especially relevant as the world is coming to terms with the effects of decades of uncontrolled plastic production. Co-CEO Paslier says, “We’re excited to see our power in the foodservice industry and looking forward to moving into the fashion markets very soon.（随着世界逐渐认识到几十年来不受控制的塑料生产的影响，这种方法显得尤为重要。联合首席执行官Paslier说：“我们很高兴看到我们在餐饮服务行业的实力，并期待着很快进入时尚市场。）”可知，Notpla公司的这种方法符合目前的世界发展趋势，除了应用于餐饮业，也有望应用于时装产业，因此公司的前景很好。故选C项。
8．D
9．C
10．B
11．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学家已经使用激光抓住闪电并改变其在天空中的路径来保护大型建筑。
8．
细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Recently Swiss researchers have found in a mountaintop experiment that a powerful laser can grab hold of a lightning flash and reroute its path through the sky, which is the first demonstration that the technique works in real-world storms and could someday lead to better protection, against lightning.(最近，瑞士研究人员在一项山顶实验中发现，强大的激光可以抓住闪电并改变其在天空中的路径，这首次证明了该技术在现实世界的风暴中有效，并有一天可以带来更好的防雷保护)”可知在户外实验中发现了激光的重新定向雷击新功能，故选D。
9．
主旨大意题。文章第二段讲到“But the area protected by a lightning rod is limited by the rod’s height. (但避雷针保护的区域受到避雷针高度的限制)”可知第二段重点介绍了避雷针的弱点，故选C。
10．
细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“To follow the paths of the three flashes they couldn’t see, the researchers looked at radio waves given off by the lightning. (为了追踪他们看不见的三次闪光的路径，研究人员观察了闪电发出的无线电波。)”可知研究人员是通过它的无线电波追踪这种看不见的闪电的，故选B。
11．
推理判断题。文章主要介绍了学家已经使用激光抓住闪电并改变其在天空中的路径来保护大型建筑。文章第一段讲到“Scientists have used lasers (激光) to generate electricity in the lab before. Recently Swiss researchers have found in a mountaintop experiment that a powerful laser can grab hold of a lightning flash and reroute its path through the sky (科学家以前曾在实验室中使用激光发电。最近，瑞士研究人员在一项山顶实验中发现，强大的激光可以抓住闪电，并改变其在天空中的路径)”可知最有可能在课堂演示中读到这篇文章，故选D。
12．B
13．D
14．C
15．A
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明，仅仅四分钟的闲聊就可以揭示我们的性格，并影响随后的社交互动，专家由此建议我们在谈话中表现出真诚和体贴的特质。
12．
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“The results showed that those who chatted scored higher in predicting their partners’ IQ and personality test responses（结果显示，那些聊天的人在预测对方的智商和性格测试结果方面得分更高）”和“Our research suggests that in just a few minutes of small talk, we begin to form a mental model of the person we’re talking to（我们的研究表明，在短短几分钟的闲聊中，我们就开始形成一个与我们交谈的人的心理模型）”可知，一项研究结果表明，通过四分钟闲聊，我们的性格就会透露出来，被交谈的另一方知晓。因此reveal意为“透露，揭示”，与give away意思相近。故选B项。
13．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Our research suggests that in just a few minutes of small talk, we begin to form a mental model of the person we’re talking to（我们的研究表明，在短短几分钟的闲聊中，我们就开始形成一个与我们交谈的人的心理模型）”和倒数第二段中“The results also depended on the relationships they established through small talk.（结果还取决于他们通过闲聊建立的关系。）”可知，通过对话，我们得以了解对方的性格等心理特质，并建立了一定的关系，从而可以比较准确地预测对方的行为。由此推断，对话中建立的印象和联系帮助预测得更为准确，A项“共同的兴趣和爱好”文中未提及，B项“性格的不同”也未提及，C项“对于彼此智商的准确判断”也是对话的结果，与预测捐款这样的社会性行为无关。故选D项。
14．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While asking questions helps build relationships with people, people will be happy to have a chat if you show that you care about others. My advice is to be sincere (真诚) and considerate.（虽然问问题有助于与人建立关系，但如果你表现出关心他人，人们会很乐意和你聊天。我的建议是要真诚和体贴。）”可知，Nightingall建议通过做到真诚和体贴来与他人建立良好的关系。故选C项。
15．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究表明，仅仅四分钟的闲聊就可以揭示我们的性格，并影响随后的社交互动，具体陈述了研究的对象、过程和数据来解释这一研究结果。因此，A项“呈现一项研究结果”符合文章的目的。故选A项。
山东省泰安市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
1．A
2．D
3．C
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四幅名画。
1．
细节理解题。根据Mona Lisa部分中“And it suffered from being damaged, stolen and even hung in Napoleon’s bedroom.(它遭受了损坏，被盗，甚至挂在拿破仑的卧室里)”可知，Mona Lisa在保存过程中经历了很多。故选A项。
2．
细节理解题。根据Birth of Venus部分中“The Birth of Venus is well preserved thanks to the fact that Botticelli applied a protective layer of egg yolk (蛋黄) to the painting.(《维纳斯的诞生》之所以保存得很好，是因为波提切利在画作上涂了一层蛋黄保护层)”可知，因为有一层蛋黄的保护层，所以《维纳斯的诞生》保存得很好。故选D项。
3．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Among the works of art ever created by human hands, there are those masterpieces that have left their mark on the history of mankind forever. These artworks have always inspired millions of people for creative daring and new creative discoveries.(在人类创造的艺术作品中，有一些杰作在人类历史上留下了永远的印记。这些艺术品一直激励着数以百万计的人进行创造性的大胆尝试和新的创造性发现)”及下文可知，文章介绍了四幅名画。由此推知，本文可能出自与艺术相关的杂志。故选C项。
4．C
5．B
6．C
7．D
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者发现过世的父亲写给妈妈的情书，情书里表达了他对妻子和女儿的爱。作者听妈妈读这些情书，发现了他们鲜为人知的一面，让她感到很惊讶。
4．
推理判断题。根据第五段中“I sat back while my mother read his letters to me, and thought, ‘Who is this guy ’ My father used endearing expressions I had never heard him say. (妈妈给我读他的信时，我靠在椅背上，心想：“这家伙是谁 ”父亲用了一些我从未听他说过的可爱的表达方式)”可推知，当妈妈读父亲的信时，作者发现了一个自己不熟悉的父亲，感到很惊讶。故选C项。
5．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The letters were written in 1974 when my father traveled to Italy to care for his beloved, sick mother (这些信写于1974年，当时我父亲去意大利照顾他深爱的生病的母亲)”可知，父亲出国是为了照顾他亲爱的、生病了的母亲。故选B项。
6．
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Growing up, my father was my hero and protector, but he was also a man of few words, part of a generation of immigrant men who worked hard for a better life. (在我的成长过程中，父亲是我的英雄和保护者，但他也是一个沉默寡言的人，属于为更好的生活而努力工作的一代移民)”和第五段中“My father used endearing expressions I had never heard him say. He referred to my mother as ‘my dearest’ and ‘my companion’ who was always in his thoughts. In each letter, he attached a Canadian one–dollar bill for me and announced, ‘You and your mother are my life.’ (父亲用了一些我从未听他说过的可爱的表达方式。他称我母亲为“我最亲爱的”和“我的伴侣”，他总是想着她。在每封信里，他都附上一张加拿大一元钞票给我，并宣布：“你和你母亲是我的生命。”)”可推知，虽然父亲平时是一个沉默寡言的人，但他内心深爱着自己的妻子和女儿，所以他是一个“充满爱的丈夫和父亲”。故选C项。
7．
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第五段中“My father used endearing expressions I had never heard him say. He referred to my mother as ‘my dearest’ and ‘my companion’ who was always in his thoughts. In each letter, he attached a Canadian one–dollar bill for me and announced, ‘You and your mother are my life.’ (父亲用了一些我从未听他说过的可爱的表达方式。他称我母亲为“我最亲爱的”和“我的伴侣”，他总是想着她。在每封信里，他都附上一张加拿大一元钞票给我，并宣布:“你和你母亲是我的生命。”)可知，作者从父亲写给妈妈的情书中发现了一个不一样的父亲，父亲不再是一个沉默寡言固执的人，而是一个充满了爱的丈夫和父亲。所以“Finding a Different Father (发现一个不一样的父亲)”是文章最佳标题。故选D项。
8．A
9．B
10．D
11．A
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了失败是生活的一部分，但从中吸取教训并不总是那么容易。研究表明，有一些方法可以帮助我们更客观地看待失败，比如采用第三人称视角或向他人提供建议。这可以帮助我们更聪明地处理失败，使我们更容易找到成功。
8．
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“It doesn’t feel good, so we react to failure in impulsive and emotional ways, like giving up on a task prematurely, telling ourselves we don’t care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself.(这种感觉不好，所以我们对失败的反应是impulsive和情绪化的，比如过早地放弃一项任务，告诉自己我们不在乎是否成功，或者对任务本身吹毛求疵)”可知impulsive与emotional是并列关系，是形容词，修饰名词ways，结合句中“like giving up on a task prematurely, telling ourselves we don’t care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself.”可知，这些都是不理性的、情绪化的行为，结合选项，impulsive与形容词uncontrollable“无法控制的”表达的意思相近。故选A项。
9．
推理判断题。根据第二段中“ ‘Most of us want to think of ourselves as competent’, he says, so when we fail ‘it poses a serious threat to our self-image’.(他说：“我们大多数人都认为自己有能力，所以当我们失败时，这对我们的自我形象构成了严重威胁。”)”可推知，我们不喜欢失败的原因是失败威胁到我们的自我形象。故选B项。
10．
推理判断题。根据第三段中

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