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Everyone knows what makes a good story. Our hero starts their journey as a flawed being. In scene after scene, they face challenges that push them down new paths. By the end of the talc, they overcome setbacks and become a better person in the process.
We love these plots in the novels we read but the principles of a good story offer much more than entertainment. Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress. People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health. Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of mental health. Another key theme involved is finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events.
McAdams invited 14 and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success. Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better. Eight weeks later, members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork.
Exciting as these results are, some experts sound a few notes of caution. They worry that, hearing about the power of self-narratives, many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life. If they can’t, they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”.
Clearly, self-narratives aren’t the panacea. Nevertheless, if you hope for self-improvement, you can use the findings to good effect. By recognizing ourselves as the hero at the center of our own struggles, we can all become the author of our own destiny and change ourselves for the better.
1．What does the research focus on
A．The causes of stress.
B．The principles of narrative.
C．The connection between struggle and well-being.
D．The link between mental health and self-narratives.
2．Why is the experiment mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To give proof. B．To make predictions.
C．To draw a conclusion. D．To make comparisons.
3．What does the underlined word “panacea” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Attempt to get rid of worries. B．Means of recognizing yourself.
C．Solution to adolescent problems. D．Guarantee to become better people.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Embrace Life Struggles B．Be Your Own Hero
C．Ways to Make a Good Story D．The Power of Self-improvement
A six-year-old longing to keep a unicorn in her backyard figured she’d get the hard part out of the way first.
Last November, Madeline wrote a letter to the Los Angeles County Department of Animal Care and Control with a straightforward request. “Dear LA County, I would like your approval if I can have a unicorn in my backyard if I can find one. Please send me a letter in response.”
Director Mayeda replied two weeks later. The department does in fact license unicorns, she said, under certain conditions. Those include polishing the unicorn’s horn at least once a month with a soft cloth, feeding it watermelon at least once a week, covering it with only nontoxic and biodegradable sparkles and giving it regular access to sunlight, moonbeams and rainbows. And, because unicorns are indeed very rare to find, the department is also giving Madeline a toy unicorn to keep her company during her search, as a token of appreciation.
“It is always rewarding to hear from young people who thoughtfully consider the requirements of providing a loving home for animals,” Mayeda wrote in the letter. “I like your sense of responsible pet ownership to seek permission in advance to keep a unicorn in Los Angeles County.”
Mayeda told the Washington Post that this is the first time the department has received a request for a license for a unicorn or any mythical creature. They were impressed with the first-grader for wanting to ask permission in the first place, and doing her research to work out how to go about that. She and her colleagues deal with a lot of “life-and-death” issues on the job, whether that’s seeing cases of animal abuse or animals hurting people or making decisions about having to put down dangerous or sick animals. So Madeline’s letter has considerably brightened their spirits, and she is due to visit the department this week to discuss her unicorn license application. Safe to say, she’s in for a magical surprise.
5．Why did Madeline write the letter
A．To apply to visit a unicorn. B．To learn to provide animal care.
C．To ask permission to keep a pet. D．To figure out how to find a unicorn.
6．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．Her application was disapproved. B．Requirements should be met for the license.
C．She was presented with a live unicorn. D．Guidance was given for her search.
7．Which of the following best describes Mayeda
A．Imaginative. B．Sensitive. C．Flexible. D．Convincing.
8．Why does the department think the letter “has brightened their spirits”
A．Because it is the first application letter for a pet.
B．Because animal protection is a life-and-death issue.
C．Because they are worn out with their daily work.
D．Because they are touched with the girl’s deeds.
By the time I took Kicker home, I was living in a van (旅居房车), so he was thrown into van life from day one. At this point, I knew how to make him an outgoing and adaptable dog, and my life was far more adventurous than it had been...
Right out of the gate, I took him to ski touring, which is a lot like cross-country skiing but in wilder terrain. At first, Kicker would just stay nestled (依偎) in my jacket, but as he got stronger, he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again.
We also went on some winter camping adventures in the high peaks of the Uinta Mountains, and we tried snow kiting. He ran around while I skied. He learned to speed-fly and kiteboard. One time he vomited (呕吐) all over the new cushions on my bed. Boy, did that stay smelly for days! Still, living in a van with a dog was great. With each new day, he got stronger and more independent.
I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child, so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible. There’s something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond. Together we kayaked, snowmobiled, and even ended up exploring deep blue ice caves in Worthington Glacier. Kicker learned to come snowboarding with me in the mountains of Alaska. He would hike part of the way, and I would carry him the rest. I would always let him run next to me as I boarded, but I usually ended up putting him on my shoulders for the rest of the ride down—he had grown far too big to fit in my jacket.
Having a dog has been one of the most rewarding things in my life. For me, it’s about the time spent together exploring, sharing experiences, working through challenging situations, snuggling, and ultimately taking care of one another.
9．What was Kicker like when he was first taken home by the author
A．Sick and pitiful. B．Small and weak.
C．Happy and active. D．Outgoing and adventurous.
10．Why was the incident of Kicker’s vomiting mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To illustrate how hard life is in a van.
B．To indicate that raising Kicker was not all roses.
C．To show the importance of taking good care of a pet.
D．To warn us of the trouble a pet can bring to us on a trip.
11．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．What tricks Kicker learned in Alaska.
B．What great experiences the author had.
C．How the author realized his childhood dream.
D．How much the author enjoyed Kicker's company.
12．What is special about the author’s relationship with Kicker
A．They bond through shared adventures.
B．They help each other to become stronger.
C．They bond through giving each other rewards.
D．They depend on each other in life’s hardest times.
For years, doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive. These transfusions usually include giving red blood cells to patients.
Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else. There’re several different blood types that don’t all mix well. If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood, their body will reject the blood cells, causing problems. For the first time ever, scientists from the University of Bristol, Britain, are carrying out a new trail: testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The scientists have used stem cells (干细胞) from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells.
This could be even better than a regular blood transfusion. For one thing, they can be adjusted for people with different blood types. That’ll be extremely helpful for people with rare blood types. Also, a normal transfusion has red blood cells of all different ages, which means only a small part of them are brand new. The red blood cells grown in the lab are brand new, and this means they last longer and that patients will need fewer transfusions.
To test its safety, researchers have given a couple of teaspoons of the blood to two healthy people, both of whom seem to be doing just fine after the transfusions. In all, they’ll be tested on 10 people, and compared to normal transfusions. The new process doesn’t indicate that normal blood transfusions will disappear. Meanwhile, growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive. And a lot of work and testing still need to be done. But if it’s successful, the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types.
13．Why are the scientists carrying out the research
A．The blood reserve is not adequate.
B．Normal blood transfusions are out of date.
C．More and more people need blood transfusions.
D．They want to find a new trail of blood transfusions.
14．What’s the advantages of the brand new red blood cells grown in the lab
A．They suit the patients of all different ages.
B．They have red blood cells from different races.
C．They are effective to the patients for a longer term.
D．It is extremely economical and makes life much easier.
15．Which of the following statements is true
A．The research still has a long way to go.
B．Normal blood transfusions will disappear soon.
C．Ten people have received the lab-grown brand new blood.
D．The brand new blood isn’t fit for those with rare blood types.
16．What is the passage mainly about
A．The test of lab-grown blood. B．Comparison of two blood transfusions.
C．An appeal for rare blood donation. D．The expense of blood transfusions.
What to Watch
My Brilliant Friend: Those who Leave and Those Who Stay
The series, taken from the brilliant fiction of Elena Ferante, is mainly about two women. It’s in the 1970s, and Elena has married a professor, and published a famous novel. Her close friend Lila, smarter but forced to skip college and marry a local man, becomes a single mom working in a terrible factory. Are they getting along well as before It’s complicated.
Watch it: on HBO and HBO Max, 14. 99 a month
The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, Season4
The series is about how a rich housewife becomes a Greenwich Village stand-up comic. Midge is divorced and trying to find herself in 1960, and her dad has become a Village Voice drama critic. We also can’t wait for the upcoming guest stars: Jason Alexander, Kelly Bishop, John Waters, Milo Ventimiglia and Luke Kirby.
Watch it: on Amazon Prime, 12. 99 a month.
The Beatles: Get Back
There’s never been a better time to be a Fab Four fan. Lord of the Rings director Peter Jackson turns 150 hours of 50-year-old footage of the Beatles in the studio creating 14 songs and doing their last public performance into a spanking new docuseries with scenes you’ve never seen before.
Watch it: on Distney+, $6. 99 a month
Ted Lasso, Season 2
If you watch only one show this summer, make it this one, a heartwarming hit comedy. Jason Sudeikis plays a positive American football coach who knows little about soccer but gets hired to coach a soccer team in England. Apple TV+ has a first-week-free offer, and if you bought a new iPhone lately, you probably have a year’s free subscription on it.
Watch it: on Apple TV+, $4. 99 a month.
17．What is the first series mainly about
A．Married life. B．Two Female’s friendship.
C．Single moms’ suffering D．How to write a novel
18．What can we know about the The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, Season4
A．It is taken from a novel. B．It is an inspirational story.
C．It is a fantastic musical play. D．It is directed by an actress.
19．What is special about Ted Lasso, Season2
A．It is likely to be viewed for free. B．It is directed by a famous director.
C．It has a really happy ending. D．It features many guest stars.
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota, US, according to CNN.
The AI program can answer questions on a whole host of topics and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of. It does this by drawing on information collected from a large corpus (语料库) of text data.
What makes ChatGPT so impressive As Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAl said in an interview with Forbes, “it's not actually fundamentally new technology that made this (ChatGPT) have a moment.”
According to MIT Technology Review, ChatGPT is based on GPT-3, a large language model. Because texts are more complicated than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network(神经网络) that can make sense of texts.
One breakthrough behind today's model is a network called Transformer, which was invented by Google researchers in 2017. The neural network can infer word meanings by tracking where the word appears in a sentence. Transformer can therefore capture the meaning of texts more accurately.
The GPT models built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised (无人指导的) learning, meaning that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at. ChatGPT can now generate human-like responses instantly due to the large scale of texts it learned from.
“One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with falsities,” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK, told The Guardian. This means that ChatGPT doesn’t know the truth about the world — it learns information from various resources but it cannot decide what is true or false.
Some argue that ChatGPT will be used to generate fake news, spread falsities, or be used for ill purposes. As for education, many US schools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks because students began to use it as a shortcut for essays.
20．How does ChatGPT work
A．By making complicated texts simpler.
B．By gathering a wide variety of information.
C．By passing several law exams in four courses.
D．By employing its large collection of information.
21．What makes ChatGPT so amazing
A．A completely new technology.
B．The ability to track the location of a word.
C．The combination of a network and self-learning.
D．Better understanding of the meaning of every word.
22．What does the underlined word “falsities” mean in the last but one paragraph
A．False information. B．Something new.
C．Various resources. D．Timely responses.
23．Why is ChatGPT forbidden in many us schools
A．Because a ban on it has recently been passed.
B．Because it provides fake news that will mislead students.
C．Because students use it for the purpose of improving their essays.
D．Because with it, students finish their assignments without thinking.
While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability. Reinvention can offer an alternative. A Japanese company is taking vegetable peels, cooking oil and other used foodstuffs and making entirely different products.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and its key element, cement, is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more sustainable alterative were possible by making cement with food waste, which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away That’s the idea behind Fabula, a Tokyo-based start-up.
Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold (模具) at a high temperature. The company, founded by researchers at the University of Tokyo, began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used. It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement. The product’s durability depends on the components.
Fabula is currently producing made-to-order household items, such as coasters and dishes, while awaiting its patent. The goal is to make furniture and larger structures once the technology is able to make the cement more durable. Food production companies that can’t avoid generating waste during their processes have reached out to work with the company. “We hope to become a matching service between companies that have food waste and companies who want to build things out of such materials,” said Takuma Oishi, Fabula’s chief commercial officer.
Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly. The people inside might even turn to them for food. If the technology advances enough, Oishi suggested, someday we may be able “to eat the homes or furniture when necessary”.
24．Which problem Japan faces is mentioned in paragraph 1
A．Food waste.
B．Garbage littering.
C．Energy crisis.
D．Environmental pollution.
25．What’s the initial thought of Fabula
A．Using food remains in recipes.
B．Finding a cheaper alternative to landfills.
C．Making a novel building material from leftovers.
D．Cutting greenhouse gases by recycling home devices.
26．What’s paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The diversity of food sources.
B．The prospects of the company.
C．The innovation of a traditional cuisine.
D．The process of developing food concrete.
27．How is food concrete different from common construction materials
A．It can fill stomachs.
B．It’s solid and lasting.
C．It can prevent disasters.
D．It’s delicate but cost-free.
UC Berkeley Youth Recreation Summer Camps
UC Berkeley Youth Recreation will provide a wide variety of one-week outdoor experiences and activities for the youth on summer camps 2023. Here are four best summer camps.
Windsurfing Camp
This camp is designed to teach students the basics of windsurfing, including balance and self-rescues. Through a combination of classroom instruction, demonstration and water time, campers are able to master the basics of the sport. A comfort with wind and water is strongly encouraged. Campers must be ages 10-17 to register. All campers must be able to swim and weigh 100 pounds or more to safely use public windsurfing equipment.
Price: $330. Those who have participated before can receive 10% off.
Sailing Camp
Campers learn and review the essentials of sailing at their experience level on the beautiful San Francisco Bay! 2023 brings exciting updates to the camp and helps sailors master new skills. Previous sailing experience is required. Campers must be ages 12-18 to register. All campers must have basic swimming skills.
Price: $255.
Skateboarding Camp
In this camp, skateboarders will learn mechanics and basic riding skills such as balance, riding switches, and dropping-in. Skaters will be assessed on the first day of the session and the lessons will be adapted to their ability. All participants are educated in skateboard safety. Campers must be ages 8-16 to register. Participants must bring their own skateboard, helmet (头盔) and knee＆elbow pads (护具).
Price: $300. $240 per person for group registration.
Rock Climbing Camp
Learn climbing skills, knot (结) -tying, top-rope climbing and equipment care. Sites include Strawberry Canyon, Remillard, Indian Rock and Cragmont Parks. Campers must be ages 9-15 to register. All campers can enjoy the bus service to and from the campsites.
Price: $275.
28．What is a must for the participants of Windsurfing Camp
A．First aid knowledge.
B．Appropriate weight.
C．Previous learning experience.
D．Personal protective equipment.
29．What is special about Skateboarding Camp
A．It is intended for primary pupils.
B．It’ll issue certificates of excellence.
C．It bases its lessons on campers’ levels.
D．It gives a 10% discount for group registration.
30．Which camp offers public transportation for camp-goers
A．Windsurfing Camp.
B．Sailing Camp.
C．Skateboarding Camp.
D．Rock Climbing Camp.
What do we mean when we talk about repair The most commonly repaired items at home are wooden furniture and table lamps and other small lights, but many people express a level of discomfort for lack of knowledge about the skills required to repair them. However, we live in a time when many of the objects we buy come with limited lifespans(寿命) —especially technological and electrical goods.
Although some objects may require specialist aid, plenty of worn things around the home can be repaired there, if you know what you’re doing. “One hundred years ago, everyone needed to repair things themselves,” an expert says. “So many people had the skills, and they were passed down from generation to generation. And not only the skills, but also the tools. The tools almost became the memories of that repair and carried their own stories.”
Repair often feels pleasant because it is a moment of fixing. The holes can be filled. The gaps will be smoothed over. The language of repair has great significance in describing things: mending, fixing, restoring, rebuilding, piecing together. All are words we use for the objects around us, but also ones we apply to ourselves. We feel a little happy in the idea that few things are truly beyond salvage.
Repair is attractive for many reasons. It helps us think about how to care for the things we own. It makes us mindful of what we waste, and what we should hold on to. It reminds us to bend in closer and see the changes, the points where the needle went through the surface and pulled together something new.
31．How do many people feel when it comes to repairing things
A．Very confident. B．A little scared.
C．Particularly interested. D．Slightly uneasy.
32．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 2
A．Most worn things need to be repaired by specialists.
B．The repairing tools were once passed down for generations.
C．Words about repairing can not be used for people.
D．The process of repairing is often disappointing.
33．What does the underlined word “salvage” mean in paragraph 3
A．Reach. B．Description. C．Repair. D．Reason.
34．What is the author’s attitude towards repair
A．Indifferent. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Curious.
In a post shared on Twitter last Monday, the woman, Amy Clukey, explained that her dad, a beekeeper, died of lung cancer about nine years ago. But, before passing away, he wrote a note that he hoped one of his children would later find, and finally after so long, her little brother, who is now 16 years old, found it in his father’s beekeeping clothes.
The note said, “I hope one of my children is curious about beekeeping. Beekeeping is actually pretty easy and you can learn everything online. So don’t be afraid, have courage. Good luck. Love Dad.”
Amy explained that her father bought a farm when he was in his 40s, and it was then that he took up beekeeping and other hobbies like raising cattle and horses. She added, “When he was diagnosed(诊断) with stage 4 lung cancer, the doctors told him that he had 18 months to live. He was a fighter. He lived 5 years and a week after his diagnosis.”
The post has received over 42, 800 likes, 2,333 comments, and 749,000 re-shares in less than 24 hours, and in the comments, the woman added that while she doesn’t do beekeeping herself, two of her brothers are interested in it.
One user commented, “I lost my dad in 2018. This post makes me cry.” And another user said, “My dad is in the last few weeks of his life battling cancer. I’ll come back to the post in a couple of months when I need it again.” And one also shared the story of her personal loss, writing, “I lost my husband half a year ago. He used to leave little notes all over the house. I can’t bring myself to move anything.”
35．Which of the following is the wish of Amy’s father
A．One of his children could raise cattle and horses.
B．His children could make big money.
C．One of his children could be interested in keeping bees.
D．His children could make great contributions to honey production.
36．What kind of person was Amy’s father
A．Generous and wise. B．Wealthy and healthy.
C．Hard-working and brave. D．Easy-going and intelligent.
37．What does the author want to show in the last paragraph
A．The users were moved by the note.
B．The users intended to win people’s sympathy.
C．The users also lost their family members.
D．The users were interested in the beekeeper’s death.
38．What’s the main idea of the text
A．A father’s death touched people’s hearts.
B．People made comments on a father’s death.
C．Beekeeping is important for many families.
D．A father’s note posted online attracted attention.
Check out these places and have the vacation of a lifetime in Greece!
1. Lovely Ithaca
Located on the Ionian Sea, Ithaca is a combination of the greenest landscapes in Greece, the most wonderful swimming waters and a lively local atmosphere. When going around the narrow island, you will be attracted by the hilltop village Stavros and the beautiful fishing village Frikes. For motorists, Kaminia beach, hidden in a peaceful cove, is the perfect destination for a day of relaxation.
2. Breathtaking Meteora
Although when you go to Greece, you often go to the beaches and islands, one of the must-visit destinations in Greece is definitely the breathtakingly beautiful Meteora, located on the mainland next to the village of Kalabaka. It is a natural attraction and the second most important monastic area in Greece, which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Meteora’s landscape is made special by the rocks shaped like columns (柱状物) over time, on which the Monasteries (修道院) of the area were built around the 14th and 16th centuries.
3. Ios－the favorite destination of the future
Ios may be left out of many people’s plans as it is known as a party island, but in fact the party season only lasts from about half of June to mid-August. In the off-season, the island is very quiet compared to popular destinations such as Santorini. Of course, Ios is an absolute destination for party-goers even in midsummer. Ios is dotted with a number of small churches. What makes Ios interesting is its setting for an ideal holiday without crowds and noise. Here is a guaranteed hit of the future, waiting to be discovered!
39．Where is Kaminia beach located
A．In Ithaca. B．In Meteora. C．In Ios. D．In Santorini.
40．What can travelers see in Meteora
A．Beautiful fishing villages. B．Historical buildings.
C．Beaches and islands. D．Special local foods.
41．What is special about Ios island
A．People can swim in wonderful waters. B．There are column-shaped rocks.
C．There are many places of interest. D．It is popular with party-goers.
Originally from Binghamton, Senior Jonathan Shapiro, the Business major decided to pursue his degree to further his music career. “The reason I came here was because in my senior year, I had a manager who was the owner of 105.5 The Beat, a radio station here in Rochester, and he invited me to come to this Kevin Gates concert,” Shapiro said. “I worked with him for months, and I never ended up signing … but this school was close to him.”
The majority of fellow rappers that Shapiro has encountered in Rochester live different lives than he does—they don’t go to college, and they’re born-and-bred inner-city Rochester residents. They have, according to Shapiro, “a lot of real-life experiences” that come through in their work, which he admires. “I’ve met kids as young as 15 and people as old as 30 in the studios.”
Shapiro himself has been shifting into, in his own words, “a more hyperpop sound” in comparison to his earlier work. He started making his own music in seventh grade after breaking his back, which shattered his dream of becoming a professional soccer player, and never stopped.
In the future, Shapiro is planning a joint concert with some other Rochester musicians and rappers in the spring at Water Street Music Hall, as well as releasing further music across the course of the year. “It would be a mix of local artists and some UR artists, like a festival,” Shapiro said. “I want it to be a showcase of multiple artists if I can make that happen.”
When asked about advice that he would give to ambitious musicians and rappers here in Rochester, Shapiro had this to say: “Don’t get discouraged by results and don’t be results-oriented (导向). If you want to get out there, do it because you love it and because you want to make good art, and that will always have an impact.”
42．What can we learn about Shapiro in paragraph 1
A．He became a staff of a radio station.
B．He went on with his music learning.
C．He worked as a manager in a concert.
D．He graduated from a business school.
43．What does the underlined word “shattered” mean in paragraph3
A．Killed. B．Fulfilled. C．Continued. D．Abandoned.
44．Which of the following can best describe Shapiro
A．Adorable and reliable. B．Positive and talented.
C．Cooperative and admirable. D．Courageous and experienced.
45．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Focusing on Results Always Matters
B．Setting Goals can Build a Life-long Career
C．Learning from Failure is the Key to Success
D．Following Your Heart can Make a Difference
Running has long been considered one of the most efficient, convenient, and beneficial workouts. But some claim you get more out of the classic way of exercising with a new technique—or rather a 180-degree about-face.
A study led by Dr. Gardner published in 2016 in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning backs this up. Researchers found that running backwards benefited athletes by improving their running economy; by running backwards over time the athletes became better runners overall.
Unlike forward running, which generally uses the muscles in the front of the leg, running backwards primarily uses the muscles of the bottom chain, especially the calf（腓）muscles and glutes. Dr. Gardner adds, “Within just a minute or two of running backwards, you’ll start to feel the burning in your calves!”
Frankie Ruiz, a longtime cross-country running coach and chief running officer explains that aside from moving in reverse, running backwards differs from regular running because it requires an entirely different combination of things to do correctly.
Running backwards may be easier on the knees. “In a backwards movement, the set of muscles involved in absorbing the impact in the lower level are opposite. Your lower leg muscles are doing most of the absorbing, thereby placing less stress on the knees. Running backwards will recruit lesser utilized muscles resulting in muscle growth and toning,” says Ruiz.
In addition to using different muscles than running forwards, running backwards enhances balance and posture, “as it forces you to stay in a more upright position,” Gardner says.
As to claims that running backwards can burn more calories than forward running, Gardner says it’s not so black and white. Lots of factors (including heart rate, age, and others) affect how many calories you burn during any particular activity. “Different muscle pattern usage doesn’t necessarily burn more calories. It is the intensity（强度）that matters most,” she points out.
Because running backwards causes more muscle activity than running forwards, however, Gardner notes it makes sense that one might burn more calories, but there’s not conclusive data on exact calorie consumption differences.
46．What is the benefit of running backwards
A．It combines various muscles.
B．It can better athletes’ performance.
C．It frees the front muscles of the leg.
D．It gets calf muscles and glutes burned.
47．Why is Ruiz’s opinion on running backwards mentioned
A．To state more of its advantages.
B．To share his personal preference.
C．To show its promising development.
D．To introduce detailed guidance on it.
48．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A．Calories consumption is difficult to measure.
B．Using different muscles can burn more calories.
C．The amount of calories burning depends on many aspects.
D．Running backwards burns more calories than running forwards.
49．Who would benefit most from this passage
A．Nutritionists pursuing a balanced diet.
B．Patients hoping to cure their injured knees.
C．Coaches intending to better their training methods.
D．Runners seeking to improve their economical situation.
Many important decisions boil down to a choice between keeping the supposed safety and risking going out for a chance at getting something even better. Though risk-taking preferences vary between individuals, research with humans shows that we’re all generally less willing to take risks in situations with more ambiguous（模糊的）outcomes. “The finding should also apply to risk-taking in chimps（黑猩猩）, one of our closest evolutionary（进化的）ancestors,” said Haux, from Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
To test the evolutionary roots of human risk preference, Haux and his colleagues measured 55 chimps living in reserves for their risky and ambiguous choices in an experimental setting. In each trial, they chose a ball from one of two pots. One pot was always safe because it contained two balls filled with one peanut each. In the risky condition, the second pot also contained two balls, but one was filled with two peanuts and the other with nothing. In the ambiguous condition, the balls in the second pot still contained two rewards or nothing, but the contents in the pot was entirely invisible to the chimps.
On average, chimps chose the risky pot over the safe pot 55% of the time but chose the ambiguous pot over the safe pot in just 25% of trials. This suggests that chimps, like humans, prefer to avoid situations with ambiguous versus known risks.
“Structural similarities in risk preferences of humans and one of our closest living relatives are likely to reflect adaptations to similar dynamics in evolution. While many other factors may influence human risk-taking preferences, the parallels between human and chimp behavior suggest that evolutionary adaptions have helped set a consistent baseline,” Haux said.
Future work will compare how the risk-taking preferences of chimps living in reserves may differ from those living in zoos or in the wild, as well as how they compare to those of bonobos, another close evolutionary relative of humans, Haux added.
50．Why was the research on risk preference conducted on chimps
A．To test their intelligence level.
B．To guide them to make wise decisions.
C．To prove the evolutionary consistency.
D．To distinguish each individual’s difference.
51．Which illustrates the risky condition in the experimental setting
A． B．
C． D．
52．What does the underlined word “parallels” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Conflicts. B．Interactions.
C．Misunderstandings. D．Similarities.
53．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The range of the subjects will be extended.
B．Haux is satisfied with the current research.
C．Bonobos are a close evolutionary relative of humans.
D．The research topic will be shifted into another field.
With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家)worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon
The Moon doesn’t currently have an independent time. Each lunar mission uses its own timescale to coordinated universal time, or UTC—the standard against which the earth’s clocks are set. The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.
The most pressing need for lunar time comes from plans to create a dedicated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for the Moon. To tackle this problem, representatives of space agencies and academic organizations worldwide met in November 2022 to start drafting recommendations on how to define lunar time.
Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.
Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve installing at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon’s natural pace, and whose output is combined by an algorithm (算法)to generate a more accurate ‘virtual’ timepiece.
What happens then depends on which option metrologists choose. They might decide to base lunar time on UTC． The alternative would be to use the synthesized (同步)output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC． That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.
Setting lunar time is part of a much bigger picture. It will one day work for the more-distant planets that space agencies are ultimately targeting, such as Mars.
54．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2
A．The working principle of UTC．
B．The achievements of space mission.
C．The urgency to develop satellite navigation.
D．The problem of current lunar timing method.
55．What is the major barrier to defining lunar time
A．Lack of professional guidance.
B．The disagreement among metrologists.
C．Different gravitational pull on the Moon.
D．The complexity of installing master clocks.
56．What’s the advantage of defining the Moon’s independent time
A．Keeping the clocks on the Moon corresponding.
B．Preventing spacecraft losing connection with the Earth.
C．Helping humans land on the more-distant planets.
D．Making it easier to synchronize with UTC all the time.
57．What’s the best title of the text
A．What Time Is It on the Moon
B．When will Man Settle on the Moon
C．Lunar exploration: A Career Bound to Revive
D．GNSS: A More Precise Lunar Tracking System
“I was sleeping on the street for nine days. If it weren’t for Crisis, I might have died,” said Eddie, who was a chef for years, working in luxurious hotels in London. He lost his job and his health declined. He spent all his savings on rent and was forced to leave his home when they ran out.
He stayed with a friend, but it was crowded, and his friend eventually asked him to leave. Eddie found out about Crisis by chance and was referred to a Crisis at Christmas hotel.
Eddie was given a Crisis coach, who supported him in finding somewhere to live and he was given a phone, which he used to look for work. Eddie is settled in his new home. His health condition is much better and he is looking forward to the future.
Right now thousands of people at the sharp end of poverty are being pushed into homelessness. People are being left with no options than to go without basics like food, heating or keeping a roof over their heads.
Please donate today to end someone’s homelessness and support to leave homelessness behind for good.
· 10 monthly could provide a warm welcome and help someone take their first stepsout of homelessness.
· 32 monthly could help fund one-to-one specialist coaching in housing, benefits, well-being and work.
· 64 monthly could help fund one of our support workers to assist someone trapped in temporary accommodation in looking for affordable and settled housing.
· 100 monthly could buy a household starter kit, filled with essentials someone might not be able to afford, to help them settle into their new home.
Please search ‘Crisis at Christmas’ to make your donation. Here is how:
0800 999 2060 Room 006, Freepost, Crisis at Christmas Scan the QR code
with your phone
camera to donate
58．What is Crisis at Christmas
A．A hotel. B．A health center.
C．An employment agency. D．A charity organization.
59．What difference can you make to a beneficiary with a donation of 32 monthly
A．Helping rent a luxurious house.
B．Helping throw a welcome party.
C．Helping buy household necessities.
D．Helping get personalized guidance.
60．How many ways are there to make a donation
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
The Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport announced that the capital will build 20 cycle tracks connecting popular tourist sites and another 20 linking the countryside. Also, all roads that are wider than 12 meters must have cycle lanes (车道).
It is good of the city’s transport department to care for cyclists. Cycling is, without doubt, one of the greenest ways of traveling. It uses no gas, there are no carbon emissions (碳排放), and it also helps the cyclists become strong and reduce fat.
That’s why, in this age of automobiles, bicycles have suddenly become a popular means of transport. Today people ride cycles not for shortage of other means of transport, but for their own health. Data show that over 100 million people ride bicycles as a kind of sport.
However, to encourage more people to choose this green means of transport, good bicycle lanes are a necessity. Anybody with any cycling experience must have come across the following problems at some point of time; that there might be no cycle lanes beyond a certain point, or that the signs for cyclists might become unclear; worst of all, there might be whole rows of cars parked on the bicycle lanes or cyclists might have to compete with cars on the same lane.
The law prevents parking on bicycle lanes, but some car owners couldn’t care less. The law gives cyclists right of passage over automobile drivers, but that is often forgotten. With automobiles pushing cyclists to one side of the road, cycling often loses its attraction. Sometimes people prefer cycling on exercise bikes indoors than on the roads.
To make cycling a pleasurable experience, the governments need to do their jobs better. Apart from designing new bicycle lanes, they should also take effective actions to protect the rights of cyclists and make the sport more enjoyable.
61．Which advantage of cycling is not mentioned in this passage
A．Cycling can help lose weight. B．Cycling is environment-friendly.
C．Cycling can help build up bodies. D．Cycling can reduce heavy traffic.
62．Why are good bicycle lanes necessary
A．To call on more people to ride bikes.
B．To prevent parking on bicycle lanes.
C．To compete with cars on the same lane.
D．To encourage people to cycle on exercise bikes.
63．What is the author’s attitude to building cycle tracks in Beijing
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Uncaring. D．Unclear.
64．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Cycling, new workout trend
B．No more parking on bicycle lanes
C．Here come the cyclists, make room
D．Cycle tracks to be widened in Beijing
Miracle Moore, a 10-year-old girl has got praise as a hero from government officials at a ceremony (典礼) after she helped her mother give birth to her baby sister at home with little more than some guidance from a 911 operator.
Miracle Moore dialed up emergency help after her mom went into labor three weeks early at their home in Jennings, Missouri, north of St Louis, on 22 October. There wasn’t time to get her mother—Viola Fair—to a hospital, so the operator told the girl what she should do through the birthing process. The girl relayed the information to her mother over the 10-minute phone call. When it was over, Fair and Miracle welcomed a baby girl named Jayla to their family and the world.
“It was surely a miracle because once I had the baby, she came out, I couldn’t really pick her up, and then Miracle came and she wrapped (包裹) her up in a towel,” Fair said of her daughter. “She wiped her off and rubbed her back a little bit, so she could cry. So she was really helpful. I am very thankful.”
Medical staff soon arrived to bring the new baby and her mother to a hospital for an examination, and everyone was finally given a clean bill of health.
Miracle was honored for her heroism at the ceremony. Afterward, she said the most exciting moment of the entire experience for her was getting to be the first person who saw Jayla. Above all, the experience made Miracle realize what she wants to devote her life to when she grows up. “I want to be a doctor,” Miracle said at the ceremony.
The 911 operator who spoke to Miracle on the day of Jayla’s birth, Scott Stranghoener, said that the 10-year-old “did an amazing job”. “She followed all of my instructions to a T,” Stranghoener said.
She truly lived up to her name, Miracle Moore.
65．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The government’s praise for Miracle.
B．How Miracle helped her mother in labor.
C．How Miracle rushed her mother to hospital.
D．Miracle’s preparations for her mother’s labor.
66．Which of the following best describes Miracle
A．Brave. B．Humorous. C．Outgoing. D．Positive.
67．What does the underlined phrase “to a T” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Creatively. B．Correctly. C．Responsibly. D．Immediately.
68．The experience influenced Miracle most in that __________.
A．she had an idea of her future job
B．she got praise from the government
C．she was the first to see her baby sister
D．she improved her communication skills
Famous for its sunny beaches and natural wonders, Miyako Island welcomes many visitors during holidays.
Unique beaches
Yonaha Maehama Beach is the most famous beach in Miyako Island, where white sand stretches for seven kilometers. The ocean is colored in emerald blue, attracting visitors with its beauty. Compact Sunayama Beach, known for its arch-shaped rock, is located in a small cove, and is accessed by walking through a narrow tunnel of trees.
Diverse and colorful fish
Snorkeling (潜水)is a must-try in Miyako Island. Dense coral reefs, schools of tropical fish, sea turtles and plenty of space to free dive to depths of 8 to 15 meters close to the shore are standout features. For beginners, Aragusuku and Shigira are a good choice but advanced snorkelers may see Imgyo Marine Garden, Waiwai Beach and Shimojishima as their ultimate spots.
The bridges
Irabu Bridge is the longest toll-free bridge in Japan. It connects Miyako Island and Irabujima, stretching for 3540m, drawing a gentle curve (曲线). The length of the bridge can also be read as “san (3) go (5) no shi (4) ma,” meaning coral island in Japanese. Smaller bridges connect Irabu and Shimoji islands, giving visitors additional beach options. On Shimoji Island, there is a boardwalk around Tooriike, two dramatic marine (海洋的)ponds connected to each other and the sea by an underwater cave system.
For more information, please click here www. .
69．What is special about the Compact Sunayama Beach
A．Its rock is arch-shaped.
B．The white sand stretches long.
C．The ocean is colored in emerald blue.
D．Its location is in a narrow tunnel of tree.
70．Which place is the best for experienced snorkelers
A．Aragusuku. B．Irabu. C．Waiwai beach. D．Shigira.
71．What can we know about Irabu Bridge
A．It has two marine ponds. B．It presents a gentle curve.
C．It is the longest bridge in Japan. D．It connects Miyako Island and Shimoji.
The “butterfly effect” may be real, which is used to describe seemingly insignificant events that can have unplanned consequences. But there might be a more literal “butterfly effect” taking place right before our eyes, scientists suggest.
According to new research, insects actually carry electrical charges which can have enormous effects on the atmosphere, potentially influencing even the weather. The findings were published Monday in the journal Science.
Before you can understand that, you have to understand how electrical charges in the atmosphere work. The Earth’s atmosphere always carries an electrical charge to a lesser or greater degree, which scientists refer to as the Potential Gradient (PG). Scientists concluded that atmospheric electricity is primarily driven by natural weather events like thunderstorms and shower clouds, though factors like human pollution also affect it. Researchers, therefore, want to know how electrical charges impact clouds.
To confirm that honeybees carry electrical charges, researchers placed an electrical field monitor near a swarm of (一群) honeybees near the University of Bristol. They also placed a control monitor in a field where there were no bee swarms. The monitor near the bee swarm picked up an increase in electrical charge whereas the control monitor detected no such effect, confirming their assumption.
Second, the researchers wanted to calculate the insects’ electrical effects on the atmosphere compared to the electrical impacts of natural weather events like clouds and dust storms. They calculated the electrical charge of three different types of insect swarms. Most surprisingly, insects’ electrical charges can have just as significant an impact on atmospheric electricity as natural weather events.
The knowledge that insects impact the atmosphere’s electricity has bigger implications for science. PG affects the “movement of aerosols (气溶胶) in the atmosphere, and leads to charging of droplets in some clouds,” according to Hunting. Insect swarms likely won’t drive weather events like thunderstorms, but they could impact the movement of these atmospheric aerosols.
Further research will dive into this previously unexplored field of scientific research and may go beyond insects, since organisms like birds and microbes also carry electrical charges.
72．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The background of the research.
B．The publication of journal Science.
C．The work of electrical charges in atmosphere.
D．The electrical effects of insects on atmosphere.
73．How did researchers conduct the process of experiments
A．By using statistics. B．By analyzing causes.
C．By introducing concepts. D．By making comparisons.
74．Which has the least electrical effects on the atmosphere’s electricity
A．Human pollution. B．Shower clouds.
C．The thunderstorms. D．The insect swarms.
75．What can we learn about the research from the passage
A．Insect swarms are likely to drive thunderstorms.
B．Natural weather events lead to charging of droplets.
C．Both PG and insect swarms affect the movement of atmospheric aerosols.
D．Researchers have made controlled experiment between insects and organisms.
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的研究表明，我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来。那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更好的心理健康。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress. People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health. Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of mental health.(最近的研究表明，我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来。那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更好的心理健康。丹·麦克亚当斯教授提出了这一观点，并发现一个人是否能描述自己对过去的事情有一定的控制能力，这是一个重要的心理健康预测指标)”可知，研究的重点是心理健康和自我叙述之间的联系。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“McAdams invited 14 and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success. Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better. Eight weeks later, members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork.(麦克亚当斯邀请了14岁和15岁的孩子参加一个实验，写下他们失败和成功的经历。然后，他们中的一半人被给予额外的指示，描述他们是如何使成功成为现实的，以及失败是如何使他们变得更好的。八周后，这组学生表现出了更强的毅力和更好的学业成绩)”可推知，在第3段中提到这个实验是为了提供证据。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Exciting as these results are, some experts sound a few notes of caution. They worry that, hearing about the power of self-narratives, many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life. If they can’t, they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”.(尽管这些结果令人兴奋，但一些专家提出了一些警告。他们担心，听到自我叙述的力量，许多人可能会觉得他们必须找到生活中的积极转折点。如果他们做不到，他们可能会因为某种程度上的“失败”而感到内疚)”可知，自我叙述并不能保证就可以成为更好的人。故画线词意思是“保证成为更好的人”。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, if you hope for self-improvement, you can use the findings to good effect. By recognizing ourselves as the hero at the center of our own struggles, we can all become the author of our own destiny and change ourselves for the better.(然而，如果你希望自我改善，你可以利用这些发现来取得好的效果。认识到自己是奋斗中的英雄，我们都能成为自己命运的主宰，让自己变得更好)”结合文章主要说明了最近的研究表明，我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来。那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更好的心理健康。可知，故B选项“做自己的英雄”最符合文章标题。故选B。
5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了六岁的孩子Madeline写信给洛杉矶县动物保护与控制部门，希望获得许可养一只独角兽。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Last November, Madeline wrote a letter to the Los Angeles County Department of Animal Care and Control with a straightforward request. “Dear LA County, I would like your approval if I can have a unicorn in my backyard if I can find one. Please send me a letter in response.”(去年11月，马德琳给洛杉矶县动物保护与控制部门写了一封信，直截了当地提出了要求。“亲爱的洛杉矶县，如果我能在后院找到一只独角兽，我希望得到你的批准。请回信给我。”)”可知，Madeline写这封信是为了请求允许养宠物。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Director Mayeda replied two weeks later. The department does in fact license unicorns, she said, under certain conditions. Those include polishing the unicorn’s horn at least once a month with a soft cloth, feeding it watermelon at least once a week, covering it with only nontoxic and biodegradable sparkles and giving it regular access to sunlight, moonbeams and rainbows. And, because unicorns are indeed very rare to find, the department is also giving Madeline a toy unicorn to keep her company during her search, as a token of appreciation.(两周后，Mayeda局长回复了我。她说，在某些条件下，该部门确实向独角兽发放了许可证。这些措施包括每月至少用软布擦拭一次独角兽的角，每周至少给它喂一次西瓜，只在它身上涂上无毒和可生物降解的火花，并定期让它接触阳光、月光和彩虹。而且，由于独角兽确实非常罕见，该部门还送给马德琳一个玩具独角兽，在她寻找的过程中陪伴她，作为感谢的象征)”可知，要获得许可应满足一些要求。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““It is always rewarding to hear from young people who thoughtfully consider the requirements of providing a loving home for animals,” Mayeda wrote in the letter. “I like your sense of responsible pet ownership to seek permission in advance to keep a unicorn in Los Angeles County.”(Mayeda在信中写道：“听到年轻人深思熟虑地考虑为动物提供一个充满爱的家的要求，总是令人欣慰的。我喜欢你这种负责任的养宠物意识，在洛杉矶县养独角兽之前要事先征得许可。”)”可推知，Mayeda很体贴谨慎。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They were impressed with the first-grader for wanting to ask permission in the first place, and doing her research to work out how to go about that. (他们对这位一年级学生印象深刻，因为她一开始就想申请许可，并通过研究来找出如何做到这一点。)”和“So Madeline’s letter has considerably brightened their spirits, and she is due to visit the department this week to discuss her unicorn license application. Safe to say, she’s in for a magical surprise.(因此，Madeline的信大大振奋了他们的精神，她将于本周访问该部门，讨论她的独角兽许可证申请。可以肯定地说，她会有一个神奇的惊喜)”可知，该部门认为这封信“振奋了他们的精神”因为他们被女孩认真的行为感动了。故选D。
9．B 10．B 11．D 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和小狗Kicker一起到野外的露营、滑雪等的经历，在这些历险过程中，小狗逐渐长大，学会了很多技能，作者和小狗之间的关系也变得更加亲密。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“At first, Kicker would just stay nestled (依偎) in my jacket, but as he got stronger, he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again. (起初，Kicker只是依偎在我的夹克里，但随着它越来越强壮，在我再次抱着它之前，它会自己跑一会儿。)”可知，刚开始的时候，小狗又小又弱。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“We also went on some winter camping adventures in the high peaks of the Uinta Mountains, and we tried snow kiting. He ran around while I skied. He learned to speed-fly and kiteboard. One time he vomited (呕吐) all over the new cushions on my bed. Boy, did that stay smelly for days! Still, living in a van with a dog was great. With each new day, he got stronger and more independent. (我们还在乌因塔山脉的高峰上进行了一些冬季露营冒险，我们还尝试了雪地风筝。我滑雪时他跑来跑去。他学会了快速飞行和风筝板。有一次他吐得我床上的新靠垫上到处都是。天啊，那东西臭了好几天！不过，和狗一起住在货车里还是很棒的。随着每一天的到来，他变得越来越强壮，越来越独立。)”可知，作者带着Kicker一起历险，相处融洽，Kicker吐在垫子上这件事只是一个小插曲，说明作者养狗的过程也不是十分轻松愉快。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第四段第一、二句“I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child, so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible. There’s something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond. (我从小就梦想着去阿拉斯加旅游，所以能够与Kicker分享那次旅行感觉不可思议。关于共同的经历，以及它们如何帮助建立牢固的纽带，有一些话要说。)”，第一句为本段的主旨句，整个段落围绕该主旨句讲述作者和小狗一起经历的乐趣。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“At this point, I knew how to make him an outgoing and adaptable dog, and my life was far more adventurous than it had been... (在这一点上，我知道如何让他成为一只外向和适应能力强的狗，我的生活比以前更冒险了……)”，以及最后一段“Having a dog has been one of the most rewarding things in my life. For me, it’s about the time spent together exploring, sharing experiences, working through challenging situations, snuggling, and ultimately taking care of one another. (养狗是我生命中最有意义的事情之一。对我来说，这是关于一起探索、分享经验、克服挑战、相互依偎，并最终照顾彼此的时间。)”可知，本文描述了作者带着Kicker一起在户外的各种经历，Kicker逐渐长大，学会了多种技能，作者和Kicker之间的关系变得愈加亲密，共同的冒险使一人一狗联系在了一起，故选A项。
13．D 14．C 15．A 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一种新的给患者输血的方式，即给患者提供红细胞，这种输血方式一旦成功，将会使得经常输血的患者，即使是那些具有稀有血型的患者的生活变的轻松。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else. There’re several different blood types that don’t all mix well. If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood, their body will reject the blood cells, causing problems. For the first time ever, scientists from the University of Bristol, Britain, are carrying out a new trail: testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The scientists have used stem cells (干细胞) from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells.(输血并不像从一个人身上取血给另一个人那么简单。有几种不同的血型并不能很好地混合在一起。如果有人输错了血，他们的身体就会排斥血细胞，造成问题。英国布里斯托尔大学的科学家们首次进行了一项新的试验:测试在实验室里培养的人类志愿者的红细胞。科学家们利用血液样本中的干细胞培育出数十亿个全新的红细胞)”可知，输血并不像想象的那么简单，且不同血型不能很好的混合，输错了血可能造成问题。由此推知，科学家进行实验的目的是找到一种新的输血方式——红细胞输血，以避免这些问题。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The red blood cells grown in the lab are brand new, and this means they last longer and that patients will need fewer transfusions.(在实验室中生长的红细胞是全新的，这意味着它们的持续时间更长，患者需要的输血更少)”可知，在实验室中的红细胞的优势是它们是全新的，因此对患者有效的时间更长。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“And a lot of work and testing still need to be done. (还有很多工作和测试需要完成)”可知，该研究还有很长的路要走。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“For years, doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive. These transfusions usually include giving red blood cells to patients.(多年来，医生一直为需要血液生存的患者提供血液。这些输血通常包括给患者提供红细胞)”以及第二段中的“For the first time ever, scientists from the University of Bristol, Britain, are carrying out a new trail: testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The scientists have used stem cells(干细胞) from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells. (英国布里斯托大学的科学家有史以来第一次在人类志愿者身上测试实验室中生长的红细胞。科学家们使用来自血液样本的干细胞来培养数十亿个全新的红细胞)”可知，本文主要讲述的是科学家在实验室研发的一种红细胞输血方式。由此可知，The test of lab-grown blood.(实验室培育的血液测试)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
17．B 18．B 19．A
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了今年夏天值得一看的四部影视作品。
17．细节理解题。根据“My Brilliant Friend: Those who Leave and Those Who Stay”部分的“The series, taken from the brilliant fiction of Elena Ferante, is mainly about two women. It’s in the 1970s, and Elena has married a professor, and published a famous novel. Her close friend Lila, smarter but forced to skip college and marry a local man, becomes a single mom working in a terrible factory. Are they getting along well as before It’s complicated.(该系列取材于埃琳娜·费兰特的精彩小说，主要讲述两位女性。那是在20世纪70年代，埃琳娜嫁给了一位教授，并出版了一部著名的小说。她的密友莉拉更聪明，但被迫跳过大学，嫁给了当地人，成为了一名单身母亲，在一家糟糕的工厂工作。他们相处得像以前一样好吗？这很复杂。)”可知，本部分主要是关于两个女性的友谊，故选B项。
18．推理判断题。根据“The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, Season4”的“The series is about how a rich housewife becomes a Greenwich Village stand-up comic(这部系列剧是关于一个富裕的家庭主妇如何成为格林尼治村的单口相声演员的)”可知，这部剧讲的是一个家庭主妇成为了演员的故事，是一个励志故事，故选B项。
19．
细节理解题。根据“Ted Lasso, Season 2”的“Apple TV+ has a first-week-free offer, and if you bought a new iPhone lately, you probably have a year’s free subscription on it.( Apple TV+提供首周免费业务，如果你最近新买了iPhone，你有可能享受首年免费订阅)”可知符合条件的观众有免费收看的可能，故选A项。
20．D 21．C 22．A 23．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了ChatGPT的工作原理以及带来的负面影响。
20．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It does this by drawing on information collected from a large corpus (语料库) of text data. (它通过利用从大型语料库中收集的信息来实现这一点)”可知，ChatGPT利用其收集的大量信息工作的，故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to MIT Technology Review, ChatGPT is based on GPT-3, a large language model. Because texts are more complicated than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network(神经网络) that can make sense of texts. (根据麻省理工技术评论，ChatGPT基于GPT-3，一种大型语言模型。由于文本比每一个单词的含义都要复杂，所以语言模型需要一种能够理解文本的神经网络)”以及倒数第三段讲到“The GPT models built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised (无人指导的) learning, meaning that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at. (OpenAI构建的GPT模型将Transformer与无监督学习相结合，这意味着模型可以自己学习，而无需被告知要看什么。)”可知，网络和自我学习的结合让ChatGPT如此惊人，故选C。
22．词义猜测题。根据文章划线单词所在段最后一句“This means that ChatGPT doesn’t know the truth about the world — it learns information from various resources but it cannot decide what is true or false. (这意味着ChatGPT不知道世界的真相—它从各种资源中学习信息，但它无法决定什么是真的还是假的。)”可知，划线单词所在句子One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very

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