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Unit 3单元重点语法专项练习
现在完成时的被动语态
基础知识自测
一、单项选择
1．So far, every possible method ______ to meet the highest possible standard.
A．has tried B．is tried C．has been tried D．have been tried
2．Up to now, more than one high-rise building ______ around our city, making it bigger.
A．have been built B．are being built C．has been built D．is being built
3．---Your suit ______! Why
---I got stuck in the rain.
A．has ruined B．had ruined C．has been ruined D．had been ruined
4．So far no basketball court______in our community.
A．has built B．has been built C．is building D．was built
5．The boys ________ many times not to swim in that lake, but it doesn't make any difference.
A．have been told B．had been told C．was told D．was being told
6．A lot of tall buildings ________ in his hometown in the last three years.
A．have set up B．have been set up
C．were set up D．are being set up
7．In the last few years thousands of cars ________ all over the world.
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．are producing D．are being produced
8．So far, no agreement ________ by the two sides.
A．has been reached B．was reached C．will reach D．will have reached
9．All the people who _________ with killing the protected animals will be sentenced in five days.
A．to be charged B．have charged
C．have been charged D．has been charged
10．Many new houses ________ for the local people since last year.
A．were built B．are being built C．are building D．have been built
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
11．My grandpa’s quality of life ________ (improve) dramatically since the operation.
12．The operation ______ (perform) many times in this hospital.
13．Paper money_________(use) for over a thousand years.
14．Many a building ________ (destroy) completely by fire in the past few years.
15．Many suggestions from all over the world ________ (give) to me so far.
16．Three of his novels ________(adapt) for television since 2020.
17．Large amounts of water ________(pollute) in the past five years.
18．More than one generation of children ______ (effect) by these comic books since 1960.
19．My brothers ________ (bring) to Beijing since they were babies.
20．I’m sorry, but the seats________(reserve) for the old already.
21．Over the years the topics which were controversial at the time ________ (discuss) and debated.
22．In China, more than one city _________ (connect) by the high-speed railway network by far.
23．A great many man-made satellites ________ (send) up into space up to now.
24．Many houses ________ (build) by us in the past ten years.
25．In the last few years, a lot of teaching equipment ________ (produce) in the factory.
26．So far, many effective measures______ (take) to protect the wildlife.
27．Their new house________(decorate) for two months and they will move in soon.
28．The collection has been built ______ over the last seventeen years.
29．"Are you going to Linda's 17th birthday party " "No, I ________(not invite) yet. "
30．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations ________ (employ) only since the mid-1980s.
31．Every means ________ (have) been tried, but he hasn’t got the solution.
32．Fifty percent of my task ________ (do) so far.
33．Three grand bridges ________ (build) over the Changjiang River in Wuhu so far.
34．For centuries, the ancient language ________ (pass) on from one generation to another.
35．It is known to us all that Shakespeare ________ (recognise) as one of the greatest playwrights so far.
三、完成句子
36．中国的各项事业已取得了新的进展。
New progress ______ ______ ______ in various areas in China.
37．我的家庭作业已经做完了。
My homework ______ ______ ______.
38．近几年他各种各样的书被出版了。
A variety of his books __________ in recent years.
39．从 1949 年起，政府就已经非常重视儿童的健康和保健。
Since 1949, great attention ______ ______ the health and care of children by the government.
40．到目前为止，大约三分之二的工程已经完工了。
So far , around two thirds of the projects ________ .
学科素养提升
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There have been a lot of ____41____ (argue) about the junk (垃圾) that pops up in the form of game-related push notices on smartphones where their kids play video games. In fact, that happens because app developers take advantage of algorithms (演算法) to get more hits and reading counts, ____42____ they believe increase their data flow and trick users to visit their pages.
However, this kind of “smartness” is bad for users, for the information sent this way is rarely of any educational value and beyond the ____43____ (recognize) of children. Once they get trapped in this “information cocoon (保护罩)”, it isn’t ____44____ (benefit) to their learning process.
To prevent that from happening, market regulators need to ____45____ (strength) management of app algorithms and they could also improve the technology to prevent users from getting addicted to junk information. ____46____ (addition), the laws must ____47____ (make) so that smart phone apps don’t continue helping those advertisers ____48____ target is to make profit by spreading junk. Although increased data flow is meant ____49____ (attract) commercial advertisements, media outlets shouldn’t pursue profit at the cost of youngsters’ mental growth. Finally, children need to be taught how to tell junk from useful information, thus keeping them ____50____ (concentrate) on the right thing.
For that to happen, both schools and parents need to make joint efforts to teach them how to use apps to broaden their knowledge and avoid getting lost in the ocean of useless information.
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，为了达到可能的最高标准，已经尝试了各种可能的方法。主语every possible method与谓语try构成被动关系，结合上文So far可知为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为every possible method，助动词用has。故选C。
2．C
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们城市周围已经建造了不止一座高层建筑，使其变得更大。根据时间状语up to now可知，句子使用现在完成时，build与主语building 之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且“more than one+单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，即has been built。故选C项。
3．C
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——你的套装毁了!怎么啦 ——我遭雨淋了。根据语境可知，这里强调现在的结果和影响，主谓之间是被动关系，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C。
4．B
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，在我们社区没有建成篮球场。根据So far（到目前为止）可知本句是现在完成时，由于谓语动词与主语 basketball court是被动关系，因此要用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B。
5．A
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这些男孩被告知多次不要去湖里游泳，可似乎没起多大作用。根据语法规则，表示从过去到现在的一段时间内反复发生的动作，应用现在完成时，结合句意可知，谓语动词与主语之间的关系为被动，所以空格处应用现在完成时的被动语态，所以应填have been told。故选A。
6．B
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：过去的三年中，他的家乡建起了许多高楼大厦。根据“ in the last three years”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语A lot of tall buildings 与set up为被动关系，所以本句为现在完成时的被动语态。故选B项。
7．B
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年里，世界上生产了成千上万辆小车。根据时间状语in the past few years可知，本句应用现在完成时，主语cars和produce之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。故选B。
8．A
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，双方还没有达成任何协议。由时间状语so far可知，句子应该用现在完成时态。又因为agreement和reach之间是被动关系，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态。故选A。
9．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：所有被指控杀害受保护动物的人将在五天内被判刑。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，从句缺少谓语动词。表示过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时。定语从句中先行词为 people，与charge之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C。
10．D
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：自去年以来，为当地人建造了许多新房子。根据时间状语since last year可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态；本句主语houses是动作的承受者，表示房屋被建造，所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态的被动语态：has/have been done，主语是复数houses，所以此处助动词需用have。故选D。
11．has been improved
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：手术后，我爷爷的生活质量有了显著的改善。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文since the operation可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为My grandpa’s quality of life，助动词用has。故填has been improved。
12．has been performed
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这种手术在这家医院已经做过很多次了。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以perform做本句谓语，它和主语operation之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，再根据句意，表示“已经做过很多次了”，应该用现在完成时，主语operation为第三人称单数。故填has been performed。
13．has been used
【详解】考查动词。句意：纸币已经使用了一千多年。分析句子可知，此处为动词的填入，由时间状语for over a thousand years可知，该句为现在完成时，名词Paper money和动词use为被动关系，故空处为现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been used。
14．has been destroyed
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年里，许多建筑物被大火完全烧毁。由in the past few years可知题目表述的事情是从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在都在发生的事情，应用现在完成时； building与destroy之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；“many a+名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。根据英文提示，故填has been destroyed。
15．have been given
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，来自世界各地的许多建议都给了我。由 so far可知本句描述的是从过去某一时间开始到现在一直持续发生的事，应用现在完成时； suggestions与give之间是被动关系，应用被动态；故填have been given。
16．have been adapted
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：自2020年以来，他的三部小说被改编为电视剧。根据“since 2020”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语Three of his novels与adapt为被动关系，所以本句为现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填 have been adapted。
17．have been polluted
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去五年里，大量的水受到了污染。由时间状语in the past five years可知，时态用现在完成时，主语Large amounts of water和谓语动词pollute是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语复数，谓语复数形式。故填have been polluted。
18．has been affected
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：自1960年以来，超过一代的孩子受到了这些漫画书的影响。此处作谓语，应用动词affect，且与主语构成被动关系，结合后文可知为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为More than one generation of children，助动词用has。故填has been affected。
19．have been brought
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我的兄弟们从小就被带到北京来了。结合时间状语从句“since they were babies”可知句子时态是现在完成时，分析句子可知空格处缺少主句的谓语动词，主语My brothers和bring之间是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，句子主语是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been brought。
20．have been reserved##are reserved
【详解】考查时态。句意：对不起，这座位已经为老人们预定了。根据句意可知用现在完成时态或一般现在时态，主语是the seats复数形式，故填have been reserved/are reserved。
21．have been discussed
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：多年来，当时备受争议的话题一直在被讨论和辩论。根据时间状语Over the years 可知，句子应使用现在完成时。分析句子可知，主语the topics和discuss构成被动关系，应使用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been discussed。
22．has been connected
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国，到目前为止，已经有不止一个城市被高铁网络连接起来。城市是被连接，句子用被动语态，由“by far”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/has been done，主语“more than one city”虽表复数意义，但是形式上是单数，其后谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是has been connected。故填has been connected。
23．have been sent
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：到目前为止，已经有许多人造卫星被送入太空。根据时间状语“up to now”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语satellites和send up为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been sent。
24．have been built
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：在过去的十年里，我们已经建造了许多房子。 时间状语in the past ten years，常用于现在完成时态；又因为本句的主语houses与动词build之间是被动关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态：has/have been done；另外，主语名词houses是复数形式，谓语动词要用have。故填have been built。
25．has been produced
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几年里，工厂生产了很多教学设备。In the last few years是现在完成时时态标志；equipment作主语，是不可数名词，且与动词produce之间是被动关系。故填has been produced。
26．have been taken
【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，已经采取了许多有效的措施来保护野生动物。由时间状语“so far”可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/has done，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响；空处动词与本句主语之间是被动关系，所以空处需用现在完成时态的被动语态：have/has been done，主语是复数 measures，所以此处助动词需用have。故填have been taken。
27．has been decorated
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：他们的新房子已经装修了两个月，很快就会搬进去。根据句意及空后for two months可知，应用现在完成时，且decorate与主语Their new house是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填has been decorated。
28．up
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：在最近17年里，这个收集已经被建成了。根据over the last seventeen years. 可知本句要用现在完成时，由于谓语与主语The collection是被动关系，因此要用现在完成时的被动语态。根据build up (建成）可知空格处填up。
29．haven't been invited
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：“你要去琳达的17岁生日派对吗？”“没有，我还没有被邀请。”根据yet可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语I和invite为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为I，助动词用have。故填haven't been invited。
30．have been employed
【详解】考查时态。句意：追踪北极熊种群的现代方法是从20世纪80年代中期才开始使用的。分析句子可知，空处为句子为谓语动词，根据时间状语since the mid-1980s可知用现在完成时，且modern methods与employ之间是被动关系，谓语动词应用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done，主语methods为复数，助动词用have。故填have been employed。
31．has
【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态和语法一致。句意：每种方法都试过了，但他还没有找到解决办法。名词means的单复数相同，根据前面的Every可知，这里是单数形式，所以后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；此处是现在完成时的被动语态。故答案为has。
32．has been done
【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态和语法一致。句意：到目前为止，我的任务已经完成了50%。Fifty percent of my task是句子主语，后面谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，且和谓语动词do之间是被动关系，再根据so far，可知，此处用现在完成时的被动语态。故答案为 has been done。
33．have been built
【详解】考查动词。句意：到目前为止，芜湖已经在长江上建造了三座大桥。分析句子结构，此处作谓语动词，结合时间状语so far，动词用现在完成时。动词build与主语bridges构成被动关系，动词用被动语态。根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词用复数形式。综合以上分析，动词用现在完成时的被动语态，have been built符合题意。故填have been built。
34．has been passed
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：几个世纪以来，这种古老的语言代代相传。根据时间状语for centuries和句意，可知谓语动词用现在完成时；主语the ancient language与谓语pass是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，助动词用has。故填has been passed。
35．has been recognised
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：众所周知，莎士比亚被认为是迄今为止最伟大的剧作家之一。根据so far可知句子要用现在完成时，且主语Shakespeare和动词recognise之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态has been recognised。
36． has been made
【详解】考查动词时态、语态和固定搭配。短语make progress意为“取得进步”，根据汉语提示可知，句子时态为现在完成时；progress做主语，需用被动语态，此处为现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been made。
37． has been done
【详解】考查时态和语态。表示“做”用do；题目表达的是作业在过去某一时刻已经做完，即过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，应用现在完成时；主语是单数形式，谓语用单数形式；主语与do之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；故①has②been③done。
38．have been published
【详解】考查时态语态。分析句意可知，表示“出版”可用动词publish，因为主语books和publish之间是被动关系，再根据in recent years可知，本句时态应该用现在完成时，所以此处用该用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been published。
39． has been paid to
【详解】考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示可知，第一空考查固定短语pay attention to“重视”的被动语态，由since 1949判断为现在完成时，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语attention不可数，故填： (1). has been (2). paid to。
40．have been completed
【详解】考查时态和语态。根据所给时间状语“So far(到目前为止)”可知应用现在完成时；表示“完成”应用complete,主语“the projects ”与“complete”之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态结构；主语是复数，所以谓语动词应用复数形式，所以空格处应填have been completed。故填have been completed。
41．arguments 42．which 43．recognition
44．beneficial 45．strengthen 46．Additionally 47．be made 48．whose 49．to attract 50．concentrating
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以“孩子在玩电子游戏的智能手机上弹出游戏相关的推送通知”为话题进行说明，开发商这样做是为了增加数据流，但是这样做对于孩子来说弊大于益。为了避免这种形式的“吸流”，市场监管应该加强应用程序算法的管理，制定法律法规防止“垃圾推送”；学校和家长需要共同努力，教他们如何使用应用程序来扩大他们的知识，避免迷失在无用信息的海洋中。
41．考查名词。句意：关于在孩子玩电子游戏的智能手机上以游戏相关推送通知的形式弹出的垃圾信息，有很多争论。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，argument表“争论”，为可数名词，且a lot of后可数名词应用复数。故填arguments。
42．考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：事实上，这是因为应用程序开发人员利用算法获得更多点击率和阅读计数，他们认为这增加了数据流，欺骗用户访问他们的页面。分析可知，“ 2 they believe increase their data flow and trick users to visit their pages”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为之前整个句子，在从句中作主语（they believe是插入语），应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
43．考查名词。句意：然而，这种“聪明”对用户来说是不好的，因为通过这种方式发送的信息很少有任何教育价值，而且超出了儿童的认知范围。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作介词后宾语，且recognition表“认知，（主观）识别”，为不可数名词。故填recognition。
44．考查形容词。句意：一旦孩子们被困在这个“信息茧”中，这对他们的学习过程是没有好处的。分析可知，所填空应是形容词作表语。benefit为名词，意为“益处”，其形容词为“beneficial（有益的）”。故填beneficial。
45．考查词性转换。句意：为了防止这种情况的发生，市场监管机构需要加强对应用程序算法的管理，他们也可以改进技术，防止用户沉迷于垃圾信息。分析可知，need to do sth.表“需要做某事”，为固定用法，所填空应是动词原形。strength为名词，意为“力量”，其动词形式为strengthen，意为“加强；巩固”。故填strengthen。
46．考查副词。句意：此外，必须制定法律，以防止智能手机应用程序继续帮助那些目标是通过传播垃圾信息来盈利的广告商。分析句子可知，此空应填副词修饰作状语，修饰后面整个句子，且句位于句首时首字母应大写。故填Additionally。
47．考查被动语态。句意：此外，必须制定法律，以防止智能手机应用程序继续帮助那些目标是通过传播垃圾信息来盈利的广告商。分析可知，所填空与空前must作复合谓语，动词make意为“制定”，与主语“the laws (法律)”之间为被动关系，应是含有情态动词的被动结构must be done形式。故填be made。
48．考查定语从句引导词。句意：此外，必须制定法律，以防止智能手机应用程序继续帮助那些目标是通过传播垃圾信息来盈利的广告商。分析可知，“ 8 target is to make profit by spreading junk”为非限制性定语从句，先行词those advertisers (那些广告商)在从句中作定语，与空后“target (目标；目的)”之间为所属关系，所以应用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。
49．考查非谓语。句意：虽然增加的数据流旨在吸引商业广告，媒体不应该以牺牲青少年的心理成长为代价来追求利润。分析可知，be meant to do表“目的是；旨在”，为固定搭配。故填to attract。
50．考查非谓语。句意：最后，需要教孩子们如何区分有用信息和垃圾信息，从而使他们集中精力在正确的事情上。keep sb. doing意为“让某人一直做某事；让某人持续做某事”，为固定搭配，doing为现在分词作宾语补足语。故填concentrating。

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