资源简介 (共20张PPT)主谓一致1.指导原则及应用A 主谓一致是指:1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。eg:There is much love in the atmosphere.There are many heart-broken girls outside the studio after the famous actor announced that he will get married a week later.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:eg:Ten thousand tons(表数量的复数名词) of coal(UN) were produced last year.B. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数。eg: Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。Hugging and holding hands are forbidden in high school campus. 注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。eg: The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. wereC. 主谓一致中的就近原则1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。eg: There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。Practice:There ____ several books, a pen and a knife on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。eg:Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。D. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如: The teacher (together with some students) is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He (as well as I ) wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。Practice:The students together with the teachers ___ extremely happy about the coming welcome party for freshman.E. 谓语需用单数1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。eg: Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。eg: The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。“To be or not to be, that’s a question” is a famous saying given by Shakespeare. 3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如: Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。F. 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。eg:All is right. 一切顺利。(一切事务顺利, 事务看做泛指总称,everything’right)All are present. 人都到齐了。(所有人,看做复数,all the people are present)2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。eg: His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。 His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。eg: Are there any police around 附近有警察吗?People are pouring into Chengdu during national holidays.3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。(注意平时积累和记忆)eg: A number of +名词复数+复数动词。 The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.G. 与后接名词或代词保持一致1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。eg: Most of his money{UN} is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。Most of the students{CN} hate grammar.2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。eg:A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。A pile of firewood was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如: Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。2 以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题A.以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称英语中有一些疾病名称是以-s结尾的,如arthritis(关节炎),bronchitis(支气管炎),rickets(软骨病),mumps(腮腺炎),diabetes (糖尿病)等,这类名词通常作单数:Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.腮腺炎是一种传染病。Diabetes is a disease of the pancreas in which sugar and starchy foods cannot be properly absorbed.糖尿病是胰腺不能正常吸收糖和淀粉食物的疾病。但有少数这类的疾病名称既可作单数,也可作复数:Rickets is/are caused by malnutrition.软骨病是营养不良引起的。Generally,measles occurs in children.麻疹通常发生于儿童身上。 Measles are sometimes caused by a tapeworm.麻疹有时是由绦虫引起的。以-s结尾的游戏名称,如darts(投标游戏),marbles(打弹子),draughts(跳棋),skittles(九柱戏),dominoes(多米诺骨牌戏)等,通常作单数:Draughts is a game commonly played by two people.跳棋通常是由两个人玩的游戏。In some parts of the British Isles dominoes is the principal game.多米诺骨牌戏在不列颠岛的某些地方非常盛行。但cards(作“牌戏”解)通常作复数:Cards are not allowed here.这里不许打牌。B 以-ics结尾的学科名称某些以-ics结尾的学科名称,如physics(物理学)、mathematics (数学)、mechanics(机械学)、optics(光学)、acoustics(声学)、politics (政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学)、athletics(体育学)、tactics(兵法)等,通常作单数:Physics is an important subject these days.现今物理学是一门重要学科。Athletics is an important part of our curriculum.体育课在我们的课程中占重要的地位。 Acoustics is the science of sound.声学就是关于声音的科学。 Mathematics is the study of numbers.数学是研究数的科学。 Tactics is an important study for the soldier.对于军人来说,兵法是一门重要的学科。但若这类词表示“学科”以外的其他意义,便可作复数:Athletics have been greatly promoted at this institute.体育运动(各项体育运动项目)在这所学校大受提倡。The tactics employed in his campaign were above reproach.他在那次战役中运用的战术行动是无可指责的。(运用的多种战术)C.以-s结尾的地理名称某些以-s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如the United States (美国),the United Nations(联合国),the Netherlands(荷兰)等,尽管带有复数词尾,但作为单一政治实体,故作单数:The United States is a country of people with varied origins.美国是由不同渊源的人种构成的国家。 In early January 1976 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since1953. 1976年1月初,荷兰遭受自1953年以来最大的风暴袭击。如果不是国名,而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称,通常作复数。例如:The West Indies,apart from the Bahamas,are commonly divided into two parts.与巴哈马群岛隔海相望的西印度群岛通常分为两个部分。The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.喜马拉雅山脉有着品种繁多的动植物。 The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布也许是全世界最著名的瀑布。D 其他以-s结尾的名词 英语中有一些由两个部分构成的物体名称,通常是由-s结尾,如scissors(剪子)、pincers(钳子)、glasses(眼镜)、shorts(短裤)、trousers(裤子)、suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词,如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”之类的单位词而单独出现,通常作复数;如果带有单位词,则由单位词的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数。eg:Your trousers are torn.You'd better change them.你的裤子破了,最好换一条。One pair of trousers is not enough.一条裤子是不够的。 Here are some new pairs of trousers.这儿有几条新裤子。英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词,如archives(档案),arms(武器),clothes(衣服),contents(内容),eaves(屋檐),fireworks(烟火),goods(货物),minutes(记录),morals(道德,品行),remains(遗体),stairs(楼梯),suburbs(郊区),thanks(谢意),wages(工资)等,通常作复数。(注意积累)eg:The archives of this society are kept in the basement.这个团体的档案保存在地下室里。The contents of this book are most fascinating.本书的内容非常吸引人。 Fireworks were postponed because of bad weather.因为天气不好推迟了放烟火。High wages result in high prices.高工资会导致高物价。 His thanks were most profuse.他满口道谢。但也有少数这类名词作单、复数均可:His whereabouts were/was known only to his personal staff.只有他个人的工作班子才知道他的行踪。 The dramatics(舞台艺术)of the performance were/was marvelous.这次上演在舞台艺术上真是好极了。凡是由-ings结尾的名词,如clippings(剪下物),diggings(掘出物),earnings(收入,收益),lodgings(租住的房间),surroundings(环境),sweepings(扫拢的垃圾)等,通常作复数。例如:The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.由篱笆上剪下的枝叶通常烧掉。The sweepings of the godown have been disposed of.仓库垃圾已经清除。但也有例外,如tidings(消息)既可作复数,也可作单数:Good tidings have cheered them up.好消息使他们兴高采烈。 The tidings has come a little late.消息来晚了一些。E 以-s结尾的单复数同形的名词PPT英语中还有几个以-s结尾的名词是单复数同形的,如barracks (营房),headquarters(司令部,总部),means(方法,手段),series(系列),species(种类),works(工厂)等。跟在这些名词后面的动词单复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数还是用作复数3.以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题集体名词表示一群人或一类东西的集合体,如audience(听众,观众),committee(委员会),family(家庭),nation(国家),cattle (牛,牲口),police(警察),foliage(叶子),furniture(家具),machinery(机器)等。集体名词有的有复数形式并可计数,如a commit-tee,two committees。但也有许多集体名词没有复数形式,不可以计数。例如不可以说 a furniture, two furniture,也不可以说 a police, two police。如果要把police,furniture这类的集体名词分成个体,只能说a policeman,two policemen,a piece of furniture,two pieces/articles of furniture等。集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题依不同的集体名词而定。可分为下面三种情况:1. 有些集体名词,如police,people,cattle,militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),vermin(害虫)等,通常作复数。例如:The British police have only very limited powers.英国警察权力范围极其有限。Domestic cattle provide us with milk,beef and hide.畜牛为我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮张。 The militia were called out to guard the borderland.召集民兵保卫边疆。 Some vermin are hard to get rid of.有些害虫难以灭绝。2. 也有一些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment(设备),furniture,merchandise(商品)等,作单数。eg:The furniture in the room has been made to order.室内的家具是定做的。All necessary machinery has been brought to the construction site.所有必要的机器都已运到工地。3. 这类集体名词,如audience,committee,class(班级),crew(全体船员),family,government,public(公众)等,既可作单数,也可作复数。如将集体视为一个整体,动词用单数:The football team is being reorganized.足球队正在重新组建。 (整体)The government has done its best to boost production.政府已作最大努力来促进生产。 (整体)The audience was enormous.听者人数众多。(整体)如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上,动词用复数:The team are having baths and are then coming back here for tea.队员们正在洗澡,随后即将回到这里喝茶The audience are listening to a Beethoven symphony.听众们正在听贝多芬交响曲。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览