高三英语二轮复习:---阅读理解技巧之猜测词义教学课件 (共26张PPT)

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高三英语二轮复习:---阅读理解技巧之猜测词义教学课件 (共26张PPT)

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(共26张PPT)
阅读理解技巧之
猜测词意
If you come across new words when reading,
What will you do
2019年考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求
测试考生的英语阅读理解能力。要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等(生词量不超过3%),并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能:
 1、理解主旨要义;
 2、理解文中具体信息;
 4、作出简单判断和理解;
 5、理解文章的基本结构;
 6、理解作者的意图和态度。
  3、根据上下文推断生词的词义;
常见的提问方式有:
The word “…” in paragraph … can best be replaced by … ….
The underlined word “…” most probably means ….
By saying “…”, the author means …
The expression “…” is closest to …
According to the passage, the phrase “…” suggests …
The underlined part “… …” (in Para. … ) means …..
常用猜测词义的方法
利用下文定义的句子来猜测词义。
利用所出现生词的上下文来猜测词义。
利用所猜词语的构词法来猜测词义。
利用文中的举例来猜测词义。
利用生活常识来猜测词义。
2. Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats.
1.It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily.
1、Explanation
易碎的,脆弱的
听诊器
利用文章中对某个词的解释来猜测词义。常见的连接词有be called, means, be defined as,that is, refer to,和标点符号有——,:等, 有时还用同位语、同位语从句和定语从句来解释。
3. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
手势, 哑剧, 舞剧
4. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
5. We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.
牧人
夜班
2. Context
对比关系
同义、近义、反义关系
因果关系
2. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious.
1. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
1)对比关系
污秽的, 邋遢的
有节制,节约的
能体现对比关系的词汇很多,主要有although, though, but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead,on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等。标点符号分号有时也可表示对比。
3. If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.
不同意
2).同义、近义、反义关系
同义词替换的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, and, like, similar等。
反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容,猜测词义。信号词中有instead, but,not等
2. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.
健谈的
1. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
取代,接替
3. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.
好交际的
4. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.
眼镜
3). 因果关系:信号词:如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result, so … that, such … that,therefore等表示前因后果
1. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.
2. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
具有弹性的
混浊的
3. Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.
复制品
4. He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.
精明的
3. We were told that our's was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it.
有空间的,宽敞的
3. Word-formation
根据构词法:合成、派生(前缀、后缀)、转化等
1. We must safeguard the world peace.
保护,保卫
2. They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked him many difficult questions.
过高估计
4. They group together in logs and breathe air through their skin until they can find water again.
聚集,使成群
1. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.
2. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
4. Examples
家禽
慷慨的,大方的
3: Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.
几何图形
1. Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
2. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.
5. Common sense
膨胀,扩大
收缩,缩小
波纹,细浪
枯萎
3. Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.
  以上几种猜测词义的方法不是互不联系的, 有时可以同时采用几种方法猜测词义。例如:
 .Sociologists divide families into two general types: the nuclear family and the extended family, which may include three or more generations living together.
根据定语从句, 可猜测extended family意思是"大家庭", 与extended family意思相反, 可猜测nuclear family为"小家庭"。
Exercises
1. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.
A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C.有效的 D. 匆促的
2. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.
A. 上级 B.下级 C.前任 D. 同事
3. She didn’t hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
A. 心不在焉的 B.紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的
4. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty B. energetic C. protective D. calm
(B)
(C)
(C)
(D)
5. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.
A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever
6. Your plan looks good. I hope it will really work. It’s time to implement it and see if it’s as brilliant as you claim.
A. instrument B. take apart C. change D. carry out
7.. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.
A. indirect B. direct C. straight D. wide
8. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
A. small B. dull C. large D. tall
(B)
(D)
(A)
(C)
Passage 1
After a four-year relationship with a big company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.
The underlined word “astounded” means ____.
A. very sad B. very sorry
C. very pleased D. greatly surprised
D
Passage 2
A man’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family.
The word “disgrace” means _________ in this text.
A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shamed
D
Passage 3
The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) objected to this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.
The underlined word “banished” mean_______.
A. killed by stoning B. sent away
C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping
B
Passage 4
Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
The word “jeopardize” means _____ in this text.
A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop
B
Passage 5
When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers.
The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 1 most probably means ___ .
A. discouraging B. interesting C. creative D. unbearable
A
Passage 6
Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
The underlined word "cultivated" (paragraph 1) roughly means _______.
A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed
D
Homework:
Read Passage1-4 on Page 264-265 of “5.3”.
Reading Comprehension
Thank you very much!!!

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