资源简介

(共31张PPT)
Subject---Verb Agreement
主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即就近原则语法一致和意义一致。
就近原则
谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定
eg:(1)You or he is wrong. (2)There is one teacher
and 60 students in the classroom.
四种结构用就近原则：
1、 多个主语用or连接。
2、 there be 句型。
3、 多个主语用neither …nor…或 either ……or……连接。
4、 多个主语用not only …but also…连接。
3、主语用neither …nor…或either …or…连接。
Neither (Either)she nor (or)her parents what is going on.
Neither (Either) her parents nor (or) she what is going on.
4、主语用not only …but also…连接。
Not (Not only)she but (but also)her parents what is going on.
Not (Not only) her parents but (but also) she what is going on.
know
knows
know
knows
1.Not only we but also Jane _______ the secret.
A. Know B. knows C. have known D. is known
2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. have
3.Either the headmaster or you ____ the prizes to these
gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handed out B. are handed out
C. are to hand out D. is to hand out
B
B
C
4.There _____ no life on the moon.
A. is said to have B. are said to have
C. is said to be D. are said to be
5. a. There __ a magazine, a few letters and some
newspapers on the table.
b. There ___ a few letters, a magazine and some
newspaper on the table.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
A
B
C
eg (1)I am a boy.
(2)The desks are green.
(3)You like swimming, but she
likes dancing.
语法一致（形式一致）
主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
找准主语中心语（即主语表达的重点、主语的骨干所在），然 后将不表示数量的修饰、限制、说明等枝枝蔓蔓去除.
要点：
Situations:
A、 主语中用介词with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等附带说明。其功能同and有显著差别。
1.Jackie with his parents intends to set out for Europe next week.
2.The son rather than his parents is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)
特别注意：
B、 the number of+n 其表达重心在“数量number”上，而非其后 的名词。
The number of books 60.
而a number of 仅仅表达数量，与many等词类似。
相似的还有the group of, a group of.
is
但是A pair of, 例外。
There is a pair of shoes.
C、 表达数量的修饰、限制、说明等成分不能去除，比如one of, half of, 70 percent of, plenty of, lots of, most of, a great deal of, 分式等等。
此时，谓语用什么形式由主语所表达的单复数意义来决定：
表达单数或主语为不可数名词时，谓语则用单数；
表达复数意义，则用复数形式。
For example:
Half of the students have gone abroad.
Most of us are boys.
Only one of students in class 10 has the ability to finish it in half an hour.
2.The number of people invited ________ fifty, but a
number of them ______ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
3.The number of students in this school ______ by 5%
every year.
A. rise B. raise C. rises D. raises
4.A library with five thousand books _____ to the
nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered
C. are offered D. have offered
C
C
A
1. All but one ______ here just now.
A.is B. was C. has been D. were
D
5.E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are played D. play
A
6.____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
C
7 . ----Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ____ to go to university.
----So do I.
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
8. A group of sheep______eating ____ and ____ at the foot of the hill.
A. are; grass; leaves B. are; grasses; leaves
C. is; grass; leaf D. is; grasses; leafs
B
A
意义一致
根据主语所表达的单复数意义而不是形式来决定谓语动词的单复数意义：
A、主语表达单数或本身不可数，谓语动词采用单数形式；
B、主语表达复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。
eg:(1)His family are waiting for him.
(2)My family is a large one.
1、主语为一个从句、动名词、不定式或其他非谓语动词时,这时主语表达一件事。
谓语动词用单数形式
a. Getting up early is a good habit.
b. What he said does
not hurt me.
由what, who 等引导的主语从句，一般用单数。但若有两个及以上的主语从句用and, both and等连接表达不同的人或事物，谓语用复数。
注意：如为系表结构，系动词要由表语的单复数来决定。
What she gives to me are just some books.
How and when to start the job is still a question.
2、当两个单数名词连接，但指同一个人或事物时。
eg:The singer and poet is to
attend the evening party.
The singer and the poet to
attend the evening party.
Practice:
A、is
B、are
B
3、主语为表示长度、重量、时间、或是价值的复数时，这时主语仅仅表示作为整体的一个数量概念。
eg:Two years is a short moment in history.
4、学科名称physics, maths,
politics,及其他几个特殊名词means（方法）,news, works(工厂）做主语时，其意义仅表达一个学科名称。
Eg:a. Every means has been tried to save the rare animal.
b. Pysics is a very useful
subject.
5、 由every, some, no, any＋body, thing等构成的不定代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every,谓语需用单数。
以及：
(1)every+n. and (every)+n.
(2)each+n. and(each)+n.
(3)no.+n.(单数）and
(no)+n.(单数）
eg:
(1)Every girl and (every)boy likes sports.
(2)No dancer and (no)singer appears at the party.
谓语动词用复数形式
1.当主语为peple, cattle, Clothes等本身只表示复数的名词时或当主语为 the+形容词/姓氏/国籍的形容词时。
(1)The Smiths are moving to Canada next month.
(2)The sick are taken good care of in the hospital.
2.一些本身由不可分离的两部分构成的名词作主语时，如trousers, glasses, scissors，shoes等，谓语用复数。但若其前加上a pair of,则用单数。
A pair of shoes lies under the bed.
The shoes lie under the bed.
3. family, team, audience, class, club, company, crew, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public等集体名词做主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
eg:(1)Our family were having supper at that time.
(2)Our family is a big one.
4. 单复数同形名词如sheep, deer等，据上下文判断其单复数。
a. The sheep that he has raised _____ white ones.
b. The sheep he is going to give to his son _______
a young one.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
B
A
5.当主语为all时，如指人则谓语动词用复数形式；如指物则谓语动词用单数形式； What引导的主语从句看具体情况而定。
eg:
(1)Let’s start the meeting since
all are here .
(2)All he said is wrong.
(3)What he needs is more water.
(4)What her father gave her are
only some books.
6. many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。
Many a student ______ the film now. A. has seen B. had seen C. have seen D. saw
A
8. 代词类如none, some, any, more, most, 以及定语从句中的引导词如which, who, 等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
a. He is the only one of the students that _______
got full mark.
b. He is one of the students that ______ got full make.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
C
D

展开更多......

收起↑