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(共46张PPT)
虚拟语气
复习一
The Subjunctive Mood
迪丽热巴
The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气
How I wish I were her .
If I were her , I would have a slim figure.
If I were her , I would enjoy fame and popularity.
The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气
Definition :
表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是与客观事
实相反的假设，及一种愿望或是一种建议、
要求、命令和请求。
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
⑴ 结构
⑵ 倒装
⑶ 错综时间虚拟条件句
⑷含蓄虚拟条件句
if 引导的从句 主句
与过去相反 had done sth. would/ could/should/ might + have done sth.
与现在相反 did/ were sth. would/ could/should/ might + do sth.
与将来相反 did/were sth. were to do sth. should do sth. would/ could/should/ might + do sth.
⑴ 结构
与现在相反
If sb did (be→were) sth.,
sb. would/could/should/might do sth.
与过去相反
If sb. had done sth.,
sb. would/could/should/might have done sth.
与将来相反
If sb did (be→were) sth.,
sb. were to do sth.,
sb. should do sth.,
sb. would/should /could/might do sth.
如果你采纳我的建议的话，你就不会考不及格了。
If you _________ (take) my advice, you
_______________________ (not failed) in the exams.
2. 如果我是你，我会抓住出国的机会
If I _________ (be) you, I ________________ (seize) the chance to go abroad.
3. 如果他明天不来，我们要把会议推迟到下周一。
If he __________________(not come) tomorrow,
__________________(not come) tomorrow,
__________________(not come) tomorrow,
we ________________ (put off) the meeting till next Monday.
⑴ 结构
had taken
would not have failed
were
would seize
should not come
were not to come
didn’t come
would put off
如果你采纳我的建议的话，你就不会考不及格了。
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.
Had you taken my advice, you would….
2. 如果我是你，我会抓住出国的机会
If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
Were I you, I would …
3. 如果他明天不来，我们要把会议推迟到下周一。
If he should not come tomorrow,
Should he not come tomorrow,
If he were not to come tomorrow,
Were he not to come tomorrow,
If he didn’t come tomorrow,
x x x x x x
we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
⑵ 倒装
1.省略连词if 2.had were should提到句首
⑵ 倒装
1.If they were here now, they could help us.
Were they here now, they could help us.
2.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
3. If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
4.If it were to rain,the crops would be saved.
Were it to rain, the crops would be saved
5.If it were not for the rain, the crop would die.
Were it not for the rain , the crop would die.
⑶ 错综时间虚拟条件句
If you __________hard before (study), you
_________a college student now. (be)
had studied
would be
past
If you ________________TV yesterday, (not watch)you ____________so sleepy now.
(not be)
hadn't watched
wouldn't be
present
past
present
当主句和从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作不是发生在同一时间段时，使用错综时间虚拟条件句 。
If they_______ (leave) home early this morning, they___________ (arrive )in half an hour.
If you________ (hesitate) this moment, you___________ (suffer) in the future.
如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就会到了。
如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。
had left
would arrive
hesitated
might suffer
⑶ 错综时间虚拟条件句
otherwise ,or , but ,
but for =without ,
I was ill that day .Otherwise , I would have
taken part in the sports meet .
=If I had not been ill, I would have taken
part in the sports meet .
2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,
or I would have known nothing about it.
=If he hadn’t telephoned to inform me of your
birthday, I would have known nothing about it.
含蓄条件句标志
⑷含蓄虚拟条件句
3. I might have given you more help , but I was
too busy .
=If I hadn’t been too busy , I might have
given you more help .
4. We couldn’t have finished the work ahead
of time without your help.
=But for your help , we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
=If it had not been for your help , we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
⑷含蓄虚拟条件句
1) If he ______ drunk, he wouldn't have lost control of the car.
A. wasn't B. weren't C. hasn't been D. hadn't been
2) I would have gone to the concert, if I _____ time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
3) ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been
alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone
C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone
consolidation
4) If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
5) If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.
A. had listened, would have known
B. listened, would know
C. listened, would have known
D. had listened, would know
6)___, I would take an umbrella with me.
Had I been you B. I were you
C. Were I you D. I had been you
7) If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow
C. would have allowed D. had allowed
consolidation
According to the police, at 10:08 am, the bus abruptly
swerved(改变方向）when crossing the Second Yangtze
River Bridge in Chongqing‘s Wanzhou district（区）.
It stepped over the central line that separates vehicles
running in opposite directions and rammed（猛撞） into
a red car in another lane. The bus then hit the pavement, broke through the guardrail（护栏）and careened（猛冲）into the river.
If I were the driver,……
If I were the woman,……
If I were one of the passengers,……
If I were the authority,……
If I were the driver, I would have taken better control of the car.
If I were the woman, I would not have risked my life to quarrel with the driver and even beat him.
If I were one of the passengers, I would not have waited until there could be no turning back.
If I were the authority, I would make rules and regulations to stop such misery from happening again in the future.
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
⑴ 结构
⑵ 倒装
⑶ 错综时间虚拟条件句
⑷含蓄虚拟条件句
conclusion
Assignment :
Revise the subjunctive mood and do the
Exercises on your book.
2. 虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法
用于宾语从句中
用于主语从句中
用于表语从句和同位语从句中
其他从句
_________ 与现在相反 →过去
① wish sb _________ 与过去相反 → 过去完成
_________ 与将来相反→
⑤ as if/though sb _________ 与现在相反→过去
sb _________ 与过去相反→过去完成
sb _________ 与 将来相反→
did sth.
had done sth.
would/could/might do sth.
did sth.
had done sth.
________ 与现在相反→过去
② If only sb ________ 与过去相反→过去完成
=How i wish ________ 与将来相反→
③ would rather sb _______ 与现在相反→过去
sb. _______ 与将来相反→过去
sb __________与过去相反→过去完成
④ It is (high/about) time that sb ______
did sth.
did sth.
had done sth.
did sth.
had done sth.
would/could/might do sth.
should do sth.
would/could/might do sth.
______
did sth.
Look at the black clouds.
It looks as if it ______________ rain .
He is always talking like that , as if the whole
World ____________ to him alone. (belong)
as if ① 可用陈述语气② 可用虚拟语气
is going to
belonged
1) I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. was B. were C. had been D. should be
2) He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.
would come B. came
C. would have come D. had come
3) Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
4) But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.
A. would have died B. would die
C. must have died D. must die
consolidation
7) I’d rather you ___ right away.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave
6) I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party.
A. attended B. had attended
C. would attend D. would have attended
5) It’s high time that we ___ to school.
A. would to B. went C. go D. will go
8) Without your help, our team ___ the last match.
A. won’t win B. will lose
C. wouldn’t have won D. can’t win
9) It is high time we ___ off.
A. are B. were C. be D. will be
10)I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he ___ everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
表示建议 ，命令， 要求的动词后面所跟的宾语从句中
(suggest, advise, propose,
recommend, advocate(提倡)
(order, command )
(desire 强烈要求, demand, request,
require, insist ,urge (敦促)
that
表示建议
表示命令
表示要求
sb. (should) do sth.
sth. (should) be done
宾语从句
a. The Reform Club proposed that wages
__________________. (raise)
( should )be raised
b. The teacher requests every student
________________ late for class. (not be)
( should ) not be
用于表建议命令请求的这些名词 后的
表语从句和同位语从句中
在（suggestion advice proposal order command desire insistence request requirement demand ）表建议命令请求的这些名词 后的表语从句和同位语从句中用
That
sb. (should) do sth.
sth. (should) be done
suggest
advise
propose
order
command
desire
insist
request
require
demand
a. Your advice is
reasonable. (wait)
b. The professor’s orders is
that she ______till next week
that the test__________
before 5:30 p.m..
wait
(finish)
be finished
表示建议 ，命令，要求的动词后面所跟的
主语从句中
It is +过去分词(建议命令请求)+that +主语+
(should)+动词原形
It’s suggested that
It’s advised that
It’s proposed that
It’s recommended that
It’s ordered that
It’s commanded that
It’s desired that
It’s required that
It’s requested that
It’s demanded that
sb. (should) do sth.
sth. (should) be done
用于主语从句中
It is +形容词+that +主语+(should)+动词原形
It’s necessary that
It’s important that
It’s natural that
It’s essential that
It’s strange that
It’s proper that
It’s surprising that
sb. (should) do sth.
sth. (should) be done
It is necessary that every citizen ______
_______ (donate) money to the stricken area.
should
donate
suggest ① 表建议 虚拟语气
② 暗示 表明某一事实 陈述语气
Jane’s pale face suggested that she ______ ill,
and her parents suggested that she _____ a
medical examination.
be, should have
C. should be, had D. was, has
B. was, have
insist ①坚持要求某人应该做某事 虚拟语气
② 坚持认为客观存在的事实 陈述语气
The doctor insisted that the boy __________
__________and he ____________________on
immediately . (badly injure/operate)
The poor boy insisted that he _____________
the necklace and ____________________ .
(not steal) (not punish)
was badly
injured
should be operated
hadn’t stolen
shouldn’t be punished
1.The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
2.It _____ that the football match _____ put off because of the weather.
A. suggested; would be B. was suggested; be
C. is suggested; shall be D. suggested; should be
3. “It’s many years since I saw you last. I didn’t recognize you at first.”
“I wouldn’t have, either, if someone _____ you by name.”
A. called B. had called
C. didn’t call D. hadn’t called
consolidation
4._____ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I received B. Should I receive
C. Had I received D. If I could have received
5.If it were not for the fact that you ____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. were B. had been C. are D. should be
6.If John Lenmon and Paul McCartney _____, the pop music of today ____ very different.
A. didn’t meet; would be B. didn’t; would have been
C. hadn’t met; would be D. hadn’t met; would have
been
7.He treated me as though ____ his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were
8.It’s high time that the voice of the people ____ in this House.
A. heard B. be heard
C. was heard D. would be heard
Conclusion
1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
⑴ 结构
⑵ 倒装
⑶ 混合型/错综时间条件句
⑷含蓄条件句
2. 虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法
用于宾语从句中
用于主语从句中
用于表语从句和同位语从句中
其他从句
Assignment :
Revise the subjunctive mood and do the
Exercises on your book.
If I had more time，I would study German.
1. 假如我有更多的时间，我将会学习德语。
①与现在事实相违背
2. 我要是你，我将会考虑她的建议
If I were you, I would take her suggestion
into account.
If he had hurried, he could have caught
the train.
1) 如果他抓紧时间(hurry)，他本来能赶上那趟火车。
2) 如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。
If you had told him yesterday, he might
have raised some suggestions.
②与过去事实相违背
③与将来事实相违背
如果明天下雨， 运动会就取消。
(In fact, it will be sunny tomorrow)
If it _____________ tomorrow,
=If it _____________ tomorrow,
=If it _____________ tomorrow
the sports meeting ____ be cancelled .
should rain
rained
were to rain
would
Tips
would, could ,should and might are often interchangeable, but with some differences in meaning.
would →
could →
might →
intention; plan
ability; probability
possibility
1.如果你来文莱，你在进房屋之前要脱鞋。
_______ you come to Brunei, you _____
have to take off your shoes before going
into someone’s house .
2.万一他不来，你将代替他。
Should he not come, you would take his place.
3.万一你感染上艾滋病，请好我们联系。
Should you be infected with AIDS , please contact
us.
should 倒装 表将来、万一
Should
would
If only +从句 =How I wish +从句
If only I _______ a flying bird .
=How I wish I were a flying bird .
If only I __________ (see) the film before.
=How I wish I had seen the film before.
were
had seen
It’s strange that sb should do
很奇怪某人竟然、竟然做某事

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