资源简介

(共36张PPT)
语法填空解题技巧
中学学科
1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;
2、分析句子结构的能力;
3、熟练运用语法的能力。
1. 语法填空题—能力要求
1、快速浏览全文，把握文章大意和作者写作意图，总体时态；
2、分析句子结构---主谓结构;
3、根据上下文把握空格意思。
2. 语法填空题—解题步骤
3.语法填空题—空格设计
纯空格
虚词：介词，连词，代词，冠词，
从句引导词，情态动词，
助动词等(仅填1词)
有提示词
实词：谓语动词，非谓语动词，
名词，形容词，副词，
形容词或副词的比较级或最高级（不超过3词）
冠词或(物主)代词
无提示词
可数名词单数之前
There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed __________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.
2.When I see a child suffer from this kind of pressure, I think of Tom. He was _____shy , nervous boy.
3. The little boy pulled________ right hand out of the pocket.
the
his
考查语法点: 定冠词,不定冠词, 物主代词的用法
讨论归纳
a
归纳总结：
如果句子基本结构完整，空格后面是名词（尤其是单数名词），前面无限定词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a/an/the)、不定代词(any, no, some, all, every….)和形容词性物主代词(my, her, their, its…)等进行修饰。
连词或从句引导词
无提示词
连接两个主谓结构
1.Frank is a smart boy in my class______ everyone likes him.
2. Office workers tried to put out the fire, ____ it was impossible to control it.
3. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _________ ,it was impossible to control it.
4.I love singing _______ my elder sister loves drawing.
考查语法点:并列句中连词的用法
讨论归纳
but
and
however
while
归纳总结：
从句子结构考虑，若为并列句，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的连词或副词。
表顺承：and
表结果：so, therefore ,thus
表转折：but, however, yet
表前后对比：while
1. I will not go to their party ________ I am invited.
2. _________you go, you should take good care of yourself.
3.I find it difficult to figure out ______ my teacher said just now.
4.The novel,______ was written by a young novelist, is quite popular with students.
5.One of the reasons why he failed the exam may be ______ he was too nervous.
unless
Wherever
what
which
that
2 如果两个句子之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填从句引导词。
引导定语从句 ：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why
引导名词性从句： what, that, whether, if, whose, which, who, when, where, how, why ，疑问词+ever
引导状语从句：when, before, after, until, while, because, so, if, unless, although, as ，疑问词+ever
介词
无提示词
与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语,
表语等
与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语
1. In short, I believe that it is __________ great use to keep a dairy in English…
2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back _________the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen.
3. ______ a cold winter evening, my car was stuck in the mud and wouldn’t move any further.
of
at
考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配
讨论归纳
On
归纳总结
名词或代词前面的空格也可能填介词。如句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，很可能是填介词。
介词可位于名词之前 如：at night ,on Sunday
也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in ,be good at
还可位于不及物动词之后，如 listen to ,arrive at ,look for
特殊句式结构
1. She remembered how difficult ___ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
2. ____ cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
3. It was in the street ____I met an old classmate of mine the other day.
it
So
that
归纳总结
由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词
1 it is ...that... 强调句型
2 it 作形式主语或宾语的句式
3 so\such ...that...句型
★ 有提示词的解题技巧
分析句子结构
上下文语境
谓语动词（时态和语态）
非谓语动词
名词，形容词，副词，
形容词或副词的比较级或最高级
有提示词
动词
给出的提示词为动词时，我们应首先分析句子结构，判断该动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，或者是否需要转换词性等，然后再具体解题。
谓语动词
有提示词
与主语构成主谓结构
1. I was certain she would like it because I _______ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.
2. His fear of failure __________ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with great interest.
was told
kept
考查语法点: 谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致
讨论归纳
技巧1① ：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。
That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely refused her invitation, _________(close) my book and walked away.
closed
1.The happiest people don’t necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that _______(come) along their way.
comes
2.The country life ____________ （change ）greatly since the opening policy was carried out.
has changed
非谓语动词
有提示词
除谓语动词以外的动词形式
1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift.
2. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left ____________ (complete) the rest!
3. My pupils, Donnie __________ (include), admired her.
receiving
to complete
included
考查语法点: 非谓语动词及变形的使用
讨论归纳
技巧2 ：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，done形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。
1. To learn English well, it is not enough only ______________(memorize) rules from a grammar book.
to memorize
2._________(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed.
Speaking
注意 ：作主语或宾语时，通常用doing / being done形式表示习惯或一般情况； 用to do / to be done形式表示具体情况或将来；作状语用having done / having been done表示已发生。
1. ____________(complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
To complete
3. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _____________(success.)
to succeed
注意 ：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用to do形式。
2.The young student did all that he could ______ (pass)the examinations.
to pass
He saw the stone, ______(say) to himself: “The night willl be very dark.”
saying
注意 ：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语,结果状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。
1. There will be a meeting, _______(start) later this year to review the film.
learned
注意 ：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。
starting
2. Lessons_________(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.
技巧2 ：词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分。
dangerous
1. In a _________(danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand lived a special creature.
2.There must be something_________
(serious) wrong with our society.
seriously
harder
2. The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…. He jumped even ________(hard) and finally made himself out.
unnecessary
1. Your mistake caused a lot of ____________(necessary) work in the office.
请用刚刚总结的考点,尝试用下面的短文,进行语法填空的命题1 挖出你认
为会考的10个空； 2 注明理由（比如：介词+名词）； 3 时间：3分钟。
More than 220 people were killed in the fire which destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months before the fire; it was Sao Paulo’s newest building. All the 25 floors of the office building were completely destroyed. The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building.
Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. No one knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an electrical fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it. Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.
More than 220 people were killed in the fire ___1____ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building _____________2__(finish)only a few months before the fire; it was Sao Paulo’s newest building. All the 25 ___3____(floor) of the office building were_____4_____ (complete) destroyed. The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building.
Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire __5___ (break) out on the 11th floor. No one knows ___6_ the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an electrical fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _7___ it was impossible to control it. Soon the whole floor was __8___fire and it was_____9_____ (possible) for people on the floors above ____10___ (escape).
One possible version
that/which
was finished
floors
completely
broke
how
but
on
impossible
to escape
总结提升
二．根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形
冠词
定冠词,不定冠词, /物主代词的用法
并列句及复合句
非谓语
非谓语动词 to do, doing, done 及变形
谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致
连词
介词
介词的常用用法及词组搭配
词性变化
词汇, 构词法
谓语动词
书写答案时注意细节：
1、注意大小写；
2、注意保持卷面整洁；
3、注意单词拼写；
……………………………………
VS
VS
VS
学习建议：
不断记忆，积累词汇
夯实基础，学好语法
大声朗读，培养语感
坚持不懈，多做练习
Practice Makes Perfect!
Thank You !

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