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新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修二Unit 4 Living with technology
Reading
Reading
The advance of technology is based on making it fit in so that you don’t really even notice it, so it’s part of everyday life.
--Bill Gates
Technology has been so associated with our daily life that we largely depend on it and even we can’t live smoothly without it.
Read the quotation from Bill Gates and answer the questions.
Science fiction becomes a reality with the development of science and teconology. Watch the video and finish the follwing exercises on Page 43.
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea（《海底两万里》）: Travelling deep under the ocean
2001: A Space Odyssey（《2001太空漫游》）: Travelling to _______________
The Matrix（《黑客帝国》） : Connecting the human brain with ______________ and entering the virtual world
the Moon
computers
1. What other descriptions in science fiction have turned into
reality
2. Jules Verne believes that anything people can imagine can be
made real. Do you agree Why or why not
You are extraordinary if you have a dream, miracle will come true with courage.
3. What technology do you imagine will be possible in the future and how do you think it will change our lives
U4 Reading
Artificial intelligence:
friendly or frightening
Does she sing well
Her name is Hua Zhibing.
She is a virtual character. Now let’s know more about her.
1. What is AI
It is a branch of computer science.
2. When was the term “artificial intelligence” coined
In the mid-1950s.
Lead-in
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. analyse the benefits and potential threats of the development
of AI;
2. understand the meaning and function of words in context.
Learning Objectives
Artificial Intelligence: friendly or frightening
main topic
two aspects
Pre-reading
Guidance & exploration
Read the popular science article and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph.
When we read an article of science, we usually can find out the main idea of the passage by joining the topic sentences (usually the first sentence of each paragraph) together.
Para. 1
AI can make your dreams come true.
Para. 2
____________ ____________
Para. 3
____________
____________
Para. 4
___________ ___________
Para. 5
____________ ____________
Para. 6
______________________________
para. 1
While reading
祈使句，谓语动词原形开头
考虑到=considering
定语从句
现在进行时的被动
Imagine waking up one morning with the option of staying in bed and pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you. How cool that would be! It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed in the future such dreams may actually come true.
Para.1: AI can make your dreams come true.
Para 2:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para 3: _________________________________________________________
Para 4: _________________________________________________________
Para 5: __________________________________________________
Para 6: __________________________________________________
Fast reading
Summarize the main idea of each paragraph
AI is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines imitating the complex networks of the human brain.
AI has developed for a long time and made many breakthroughs.
AI is alreadly being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art.
The undoubted benefits of AI also bring concerns and fears.
We should be careful in order not to fall victim to AI.
Try to use one word to conclude each paragraph
Fast reading
Para. 1
AI can make your dreams come true.
Para. 2
____________
Para. 3
____________
Para. 4
____________
Para. 5
____________
Para. 6
____________
Conclusion
Introduction
Definition
Development
Applications
Concerns
para. 2
While reading
其中一个目标是去做...
定语从句
后置定语
At the basic level, artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines. One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans.
para. 2
While reading
深度学习
to do不定式表目的
定语从句
doing做伴随状语
To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward, including “deep learning”, which enables a machine to improve its own performance by learning from the results of its previous actions. Deep learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.
Read paragraph 2 and fill in the following chart.
One essential aim of AI
One approach to the aim
(1) ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans
(2) ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Deep learning”, which enables a machine to improve its own performance by learning from the results of its previous actions
Detailed reading
When did AI become a reality
A. In the 1940s. B. In the 1950s.
C. In 1997. D. In 2017.
What proved that deep-learning AI systems made a significant advance
A. The term “artificial intelligence” was coined.
B. Alan Turing came up with his theory.
C. Deep Blue was beaten by Garry Kasparov.
D. Ke Jie was defeated by AlphaGo.
Detailed reading
(Para. 3)
para. 3
While reading
已经存在
vt. 创造
The dream of AI has been around for centuries, and the
development of computers since the 1940s has finally made it a reality. Years before the term “artificial intelligence” was
coined in the mid-1950s, the theory had been explored by Alan Turing, one of the pioneers in the field of computer science.
过去完成时的被动
para. 3
While reading
sb./sth named +名字 ... 名叫XXX
adv.可论证地，可以说
同位语
定语从句
However, for a long time, AI technology developed very slowly. A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue, a chess-playing computer, beat the world chess champion Garry KasParov. Then in 2017, a computer program named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, arguably the best human Go player, which demonstrated a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems.
Time What happened
Since the 1940s
Years before the mid-1950s
In the mid-1950s
In 1997
In 2017
The development of computers has made the dream of AI a reality.
The term “artificial intelligence” was coined.
A major breakthrough in AI was made.
A computer program AlphaGo defeated arguably the best human Go player.
Alan Turing had explored the theory of AI.
Detailed reading
(Para. 3)
The development of AI
Detailed reading
Deep Blue VS Carry Kasparow
AlphaGo VS Ke Jie
para. 4
While reading
自动驾驶汽车
家用机器人
Nowdays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few. From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of applications. Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages, and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces.
para. 5
While reading
转折点
AI爱好者
In short, this technology is transforming the way we live. It is clear that we are at a turning point in history. With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. The question is, where will all this lead While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantages, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.
para. 5
While reading
由...造成
插入语
意味着
Could machines really develop human-like intelligence And what would happen if they did Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even mudered humans As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. Stephen Hawking, for example, warned, “ The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human rece.”
Read paragraphs 4 to 5 and fill in the following chart.
Friendly
Frightening
(1)____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AI is already being applied in many fields. People can use AI to help them drive vehicles. Write novels, translate foreign languages and do many other things. From this points of view, AI can be friends with humans.
(2) ________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
The benefits of AI also bring concerns and fears. Could machines really develop human- like intelligence And what would happen if they did Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans As we become more and more dependent on computers, we should think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. Therefore, the development of AI could also be frightening.
Artificial intelligence
para. 6
While reading
adv. 而是
Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI. We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do all the work for us—but perhaps we should not be too greedy and rather be careful what we wish for!
1. What is the author’s attitude to artificial intelligence
Use details from the article to support your opinion.
2. In lines 44-46, Stephen Hawking is quoted as saying, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.” Do you agree with him Why or why not
Discussion
Discussion
1. What is the author’s attitude to artificial intelligence Use details from the article to support your opinion.
He uses the example of having a robot do all your work for you and says “How cool that would be!” He also explains how AI could benefit us by listing various applications of AI, such as health care and machine translation.
Cautious
He asks a series of questions about the future of AI and quotes Stephen Hawking to show the potential dangers. In the conclusion the author also warns, “We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI”.
Excited
Post reading
Discussion
。
, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.”
In lines 44–46, Stephen Hawking is quoted as saying
Do you agree with him Why or why not
Discussion
Option 1
Yes, I agree with Stephen Hawking. With the development of full artificial intelligence, machines may become so intelligent that human beings could no longer control them. If super-intelligent AI machines could think and act completely on their own, it remains to be seen how they would treat human beings. It would be extremely dangerous if they decide that humans are their enemies.
Option2
I do not agree with Stephen Hawking. I think that scientists fully understand the concerns about AI, and they will surely be careful about developing it. Even if we are able to create true artificial intelligence, we will know how to control it.
Language Points
1.选择做某事
2.（建）空中楼阁；空想，幻想
3.实现，成真；成为现实
4.从基础层面来讲
5.有能力做某事；能够做某事
6.调节；调整以适应
7.执行任务
8.提出（观点.建议.方法等）
have the option of doing/to do sth.
Step 1 Phrases
(build) castles in the air
come true
at the basic level
be capable of doing sth.
adjust to
perform task
put forward
9.使某人能够做某事
10.有能力做某事
11.海量的
12.使某事成为现实
13.有能力做某事；能够做某事
14.在……方面；在……领域
15.略举几例
16.无数的
17.即时翻译
enable sb. to do sth.
have the capacity to do sth.
massive amounts of
make sth. a reality
be capable of doing sth.
in the field of
to name but a few
an unlimited number of
instant translation
18.总之；简言之
19.处于转折点
20.靠近；接近
21.分界线
22.对某人有利；有利于某人
23.犯罪
24.督促某人做某事
25.成为……的牺牲品/受害者；屈服于……
in short
at a turning point
get close to
dividing line
to one’s advantage
commit crimes
urge sb. to do sth.
fall victim to sth.
Step 2 Sentences
1. It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence , or AI, is being developed， in the future such dreams may actually come true.
考虑到=considering
定语从句
现在进行时的被动语态
2. One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience , adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans.
不定式作表语
定语
动名词作宾语
主句
3.To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward , including “deep learning”, which enables a machine to improve its own performance by learning from the results of its previous actions.
目的状语
定语从句
approaches to doing sth
4. Then in 2017, a computer program named Alpha Go defeated Ke Jie, arguably the best human Go player, which demonstrated a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems.
过去分词作后置定语
定语从句
同位语
5. While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantages, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.
while意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。
将来进行时
引导定语从句
Step 3 Words
1. ……, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans.
e.g.
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destination’s time.
It took her a while to adjust to living alone.
We should adjust ourselves to the changing world.
The manager has made a few adjustments to the design.
adjust vi. & vt. 调整；（使）适合
【搭配】
adjust sth. to sth. 调整……以适应…….
adjust to sth./ doing sth. 适应（做）某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于
make an adjustment 做出调整
Practice makes perfect.
你将很快适应学生生活。
他能很快适应陌生的环境。
公司对我的薪金作了调整。
一个人很难使自己的习惯适于他人。
You'll quickly adjust yourself to student life.
He quickly adjusts to the unfamiliar environment.
The company made an adjustment in my salary.
It is difficult to adjust one's habits to someone else.
2.To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward.
e.g.
As Chinese New Year is approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.
I have an analytical approach to every survey.
Many kinds of birds fly south at the approach of winter.
approach vt. 接近；靠近；走近 n.接近；方法；途径
【搭配】
(an) approach to (做某事）的方法（途径）
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
Practice makes perfect.
当他们走近时，那个小男孩跑开了并藏了起来。
我们应该采用另一种方法来解决这一问题。
春天来临，雪融化了。
When they approached, the little boy ran away and hid.
We need to take a different approach to the problem.
The snow melted away at the approach of spring.
3. Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers,
e.g.
Many of the elderly people have a great capacity for hard work.
I appreciate your capacity to learn foreign language so quickly.
capacity n. 领悟（或理解，办事）能力；容量；容积；职位；职责；生产量
【搭配】
a capacity for (doing) sth. （做）某事的能力
a capacity to do sth. 做某事的能力
Practice makes perfect.
他学语言的能力很强。
限的资源正制约着我们开发新产品的能力。
The hall has a seating capacity of 500.
This is a fuel tank with a capacity of 80 litres.
She organized the meeting in her capacity as monitor.
The factory is working at full capacity to provide enough products.
He has a great capacity for learning languages.
Limited resources are restricting our capacity to develop new products.
那个礼堂能容纳500个人。
这是一个可装80升油的油箱。
她以班长的身份组织了会议。
这家工厂在开足马力生产，以提供充足的产品。
4. Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers……
e.g.
Researchers depend on computers to analyse the data.
analyse vt. 分析
【扩展】
analysis n. (pl. analyses) （对事物的）的分析，分析结果；
（对物质成分的）分析
analyst n. 分析者；化验员；精神分析学家（或医生）
analytical adj. 分析的；解析的；分析性的；（科学）分析的
Practice makes perfect.
我们需要分析是什么出了差错。
他对形势的分析很透彻。
研究人员应具备良好的分析能力。
We need to analyse what went wrong.
He made a very thorough analysis on the situation.
A researcher should be armed with good analytical skills.
5. ……., some scientist are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.
urge vt. 督促，催促；大力推荐，竭力
n. 强烈的欲望
e.g.
She could hear him urging her on as she ran past.
Our parents urge us to study hard to realise our dreams.
He has an urge to help people who are in trouble.
Government urges that citizens should wear a mask on their face in the bus.
It is urged that students should keep silent in the library.
【搭配】
urge sb. on 鼓励；激励；为…….加油
urge sb. to do sth./ urge sb. into doing sth. 督促/力劝某人做某事
have an/the urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望
urge that …（should）do sth. 呼吁/敦促
It is urged that …（should）do sth 坚决要求…….
【扩展】
urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
urgently adv.紧急地；迫切地
urgency n. 紧迫，急迫；急事；紧要
Practice makes perfect.
当孩子们累了，母亲用鼓励的话为他们加油。
我突然很想揍他一顿。
我力劝你戒烟。
科学家们呼吁野生动物应该得到合理的保护。
When the children got tired, their mother urged them on with encouraging words.
I had a sudden urge to hit him.
I strongly urge you to give up smoking.
Scientists urge that wild animals should be justified protected.
6. ……., some scientist are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.
pose vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询 vi.摆好姿势
n. 姿势
e.g.
This could pose a threat to in the traditional industry.
We should consider the risk smoking poses.
The students posed for a group photograph.
A live audience will pose the questions.
【搭配】
pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk to 对……构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险
pose for a photograph 摆好姿势准备拍照
pose a question 提出问题
Practice makes perfect.
全球变暖已经对动物的生存造成了威胁。
请允许我提出几个问题。
Global warming has posed a threat to the survival of animals.
Please allow me to pose several questions .
7. Apparently, such warnings demand our attention.
demand vt. 需要；强烈要求
n. 要求，所需之物，需求，需要
e.g.
This kind of dolls is in great demand.
To satisfy the customer’s demands, the company decided to increase the product’s quantities.
The police demanded to know what had happened.
The authority can chase up the source of the pollution and demand that the owner clean it up.
【搭配】
be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求
demand to do sth. 要求做……
ddemand that 要求……(从句用虚拟语气）
Practice makes perfect.
她要求他归还从她那里借的书。
这些旧机器仍然很抢手。
我坚决要求见经理。
有求必应是不可能的。
She demanded that he (should) return the books he borrowed from her.
These old machines are still in demand.
I demand to see the manager.
It is impossible to satisfy all demands.
B1: The passage below is about facial recognition technology. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
apparently urge warning fall victim to
analyse pose network to name but a few
Building your language
Technology is changing the face of the world, and now faces are changing technology too. Facial recognition technology, with its capacity to _______ a huge amount of data, has come into widespread use.
It works by comparing the facial features of given images with those in a database.
analyse
It offers a quick and cool alternative to traditional passwords, and you cannot forget your own face! In theory, ____________ which use our own body as passwords should also be safer from hackers and better protect us from identity theft than those that use traditional passwords, mainly because every individual is unique.
This technology is especially useful for security checks in public places: airports and railway stations, _________________. However, facial recognition technology has also started to _________ some difficult questions. Experts have been giving ___________ about this technology, saying it may not be as good as we think.
networks
to name but a few
warnings
pose
Facial expressions often vary, which makes facial recognition less effective. Moreover, there is growing concern that we might ____________ this technology, as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people’s social media photos to build models of their faces.
Scientists and engineers ___________________________ to improve existing technology and make it fail-safe. _____________, this will be a tough task. Whatever happens, we need to make sure that facial recognition technology can be trusted or we will have to face the consequences.
fall victim to
are urged/ have been urged
Apparently
B2: The popular science article uses “coin” and “spell” differently from how they are commonly used. Translate the sentences below into Chinese, pay attention to the underlined words and think of more similar words.
Understanding words in context
A word may have many meanings. What it means heavily depends on the context. Looking for contextual clues in sentences will help you better understand what a word means and how it is used.
coin
When we talk about “coin”, you may have these in mind.
1 a She took a handful of coins out of her bag.
used to talk about two ways of looking at the same situation
b Opportunity and risk are just two sides of the same coin.
c The term “Silk Road” was coined by a German traveller and
geographer.
a small flat piece of metal used as money
to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use
“丝绸之路”一词是由一名德国旅行家、地理学家创造出来的。
机遇和危及不过是同一枚硬币的正反面。
她从包里掏出一把硬币。
2 a Would you please spell your family name
b Some people are worried that artificial intelligence would spell disaster for mankind.
to form words correctly from individual letters
to have sth, usually sth bad, as a result; to mean sth, usually sth bad
请问您可以拼一下您的姓氏吗？
有些人担心人工智能将给人类招致空难。
spell vt. 招致，意味着；用字母拼，拼写；评出，会拼；拼作
n. 一段时间；咒语，魔法
c There has been a long spell of dry weather.
很长一段时间里天气一直很干燥。
d They say she died after a witch cast a spell on her.
他们说她是被一个女巫施了魔法后死的。
a situation in which events are controlled by a magical power
a particular type of weather or a particular activity is a short period of time during which this type of weather or activity occurs

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