资源简介

A
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail, camping, or just enjoying the park's amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Leam where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area's natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills -join Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
文章体裁及主旨：这篇文章是一篇旅游指南，介绍了美国黄石国家公园在夏季期间提供的各种游客活动和游览项目。文章结构清晰，分为四个部分，分别介绍了野生动物观察、儿童游戏、峡谷漫谈和摄影工作坊等活动。
译文：
黄石国家公园在整个夏季期间都提供各种游客活动和游览项目。以下是本夏季游客活动的介绍。
野生动物观察（5月26日至9月2日）
无论你是在远足小径、露营还是从公路上欣赏公园惊人的野生动物，这个快速的工作坊都适合你和你的家人。学习在哪里寻找动物以及如何安全地享受野生动物观察体验。在峡谷村商店见面。
小小游客野生动物奥林匹克（6月5日至8月21日）
孩子们可以测试自己的技能并比较与黄石公园的动物的能力。您可以根据自己的计划停留时间长短而自由选择。在游客教育中心前见面。
艺术家峡谷漫谈（6月9日至9月2日）
从一个经典的视角，欣赏下降瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的惊人色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史。发现为什么艺术家和摄影师继续被这个特殊的地方所吸引。在南缘行车道的艺术家点下层平台上见面，参加这个简短的讲座。
摄影工作坊（6月19日和7月10日）
加入黄石公园的摄影师，提高您的摄影技巧，激发新的创意方式来欣赏黄石公园的美丽和奇妙。6月19日-瀑布和广角镜头：在艺术家点见面。7月10日-野花和白平衡：在钦登停车区的沃什伯恩小径集合。

B
Turningsoil,pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores."The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large botles of soft drinks," she says."They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful." Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include handson experiments such as soil testing, flowerandseed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes."We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently,"Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues."They get outside," she says,“and they feel successful.
文章体裁及主旨：这篇文章是一篇新闻报道，讲述了一位教师Abby Jaramillo与另一位教师一起创建了一个名为UrbanSprouts的校园园艺项目，旨在帮助低收入学校的学生发展科学技能、环境意识和健康生活方式。
结构分析：文章分为三个部分，第一部分介绍了该项目的背景和目的；第二部分描述了该项目的课程和学生们的反应；第三部分介绍了该项目的额外好处，包括对特殊教育学生的帮助。
译文：
耕地、除草、收获卷心菜听起来对于中学和高中生来说是困难的工作。Abby Jaramillo与另一位教师一起创建了名为Urban Sprouts的校园园艺项目，旨在帮助低收入学校的学生发展科学技能、环境意识和健康生活方式。Jaramillo的学生住在新鲜食品和绿色空间不易找到，快餐店比杂货店多的社区。“孩子们带着零食和大瓶软饮料来上学，”她说。“他们来到我们这里认为蔬菜很糟糕，土壤很糟糕，昆虫很糟糕。”虽然有些学生最初会害怕昆虫并对土壤感到反感，但大多数学生都渴望尝试新事物。Urban Sprouts的课程包括实地实验，如土壤测试、花卉和种子解剖、新鲜或干燥农产品的品尝以及在园艺方面的工作。每年有几次这样的活动，学生们会烹饪他们种植的蔬菜，并为整个学校制作沙拉。该项目的评估结果显示，学生们因为参与这个项目而吃更多蔬菜。“我们有学生说他们回家和父母谈论，现在他们的饮食有所改变，”Jaramillo说。她补充说，该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺产生了浓厚兴趣，甚至带回家自己种植蔬菜。在园艺中工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静的作用，许多学生有情绪控制问题，“他们走到户外，感到成功。”

C
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object - the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists'representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this "book of books," artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses-absorbed in a volume, deep inthought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks-transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered c-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private,"off-line"activity.
文章体裁及主旨：这篇文章的体裁是一篇介绍性的文章，主要介绍了一本名为《Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers》的书，该书展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，其中都与书籍和阅读有关。文章的结构比较清晰，首先介绍了书籍在艺术中的历史和重要性，然后介绍了这本书的内容和安排方式，接着详细描述了艺术品中描绘书籍和阅读的场景，最后探讨了纸质书籍在数字时代的地位和价值。整篇文章通过举例说明，让读者更好地理解书籍和阅读在艺术中的重要性和意义。
译文：《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一件日常物品——书籍的庆祝，其中收录了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品。阅读者的形象在历史上随处可见，早在我们现在所知道的书籍问世之前的艺术作品中就有所体现。在艺术家对书籍和阅读的描绘中，我们看到了超越文化和时间的共同人性时刻。
在这本“书中之书”中，艺术品被选取并排列，强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读，书籍成为代表不同世代之间关系的焦点。成年人在许多场景和姿势中独自描绘，沉浸在一本书中，深思或沉醉于休闲时刻。这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们所有人都能够理解的时刻。
书籍本身在绘画中可以被象征性地使用，以展示主题的才智、财富或信仰。在印刷机的广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，可以成为艺术品。最近，随着书籍变得廉价甚至是一次性的，艺术家们将它们用作艺术品的原材料，将封面、页面甚至整个书籍转化为绘画和雕塑。
持续发展的通信技术曾经被认为会使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看，印刷书籍肯定是古老的，但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样互动。为了发挥其功能，书籍必须由用户激活：打开封面、翻开页面、查看内容，也许写下笔记或划下重点。与我们日益联网的生活中被监控和追踪所消费的信息不同，印刷书籍仍然提供了一个完全私人的“离线”活动的机会。
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a newstudy shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant's experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories "sitting at beach"and "listening to waves.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattem of categories the researchers call a "nature language" began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edgs" of water might be satistying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
"We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it," said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
文章体裁及主旨：文章体裁为科学研究报告，文章结构为介绍研究背景和目的，阐述研究方法和结果，并进行分析和讨论。
译文：随着城市的扩张，城市居民在城市中寻找自然的机会越来越难。如果你很幸运，你可能会在家附近找到一个小公园，但在城市中找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。过去的研究发现，自然对人类的健康和福祉有益处，但一项新的研究表明，城市中的野生环境对人类的福祉非常重要。研究团队专注于一个大型城市公园。他们对几百名公园游客进行了调查，要求他们在线提交与公园内自然互动相关的有意义的经历总结。然后，研究人员对这些提交进行了分析，将经历编码为不同的类别。例如，一个参与者的“我们坐在海滩上听海浪声一段时间”的经历被归类为“坐在海滩上”和“听海浪声”。在320份提交中，研究人员发现了一种被称为“自然语言”的类别模式。在对所有提交进行编码后，有半打类别最常被认为对游客重要。这些包括遇到野生动物，沿着水边散步和沿着已建立的小路行走。命名每一个自然经历创造了一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。例如，沿着水边行走的经历可能对周末在公园里远足的年轻专业人士来说是令人满意的。在工作日回到市中心时，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受这种互动的更为家庭化的形式。研究的高级作者Peter Kahn表示：“我们正在尝试生成一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便我们可以与之互动。”

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