资源简介

(共60张PPT)
第三部分 名师话题复习
话题十二 科技发明与有突出贡献的人物
01
基础梳理
02
语境运用
03
强化训练
课标要求：科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新；对世界、国家、人民和社会进步有突出贡献的人物
基础梳理
科技与创新
n. 1.science科学 2.technology科技；技术 3.computer电脑
4.machine机器 5.robot机器人 6.industry工业
7.instruction指令；命令 8.product产品
9.website网站 10.project项目 11.condition条件 12.advantage优点；有利条件 13.creativity创造力
一、科技发明
科技与创新
v. 1.invent发明；创造 2.discover发现；发觉
3.create创造；创建 4.produce生产
5.require需求；要求 6.make制造 7.repair修理
8.develop发展 9.succeed成功
兼词 1.survey n.& v.调查　 2.influence n.& v.影响　
3.research n.& v.研究　 4.test n.& v.测验；试验
词 块 1.try out 试验　　 2.search for 搜寻　　
3.find out 查明；弄清　4.be made of/from wood由木头制成
5.take the place of it/take its place 取代它　　
6.be designed for cooking 被设计用来烹饪
通讯
单 词 1.postcard n.明信片 2.post n.& v.邮寄
3.phone/telephone n.电话 4.letter n.信
5.stamp n.邮票 6.WeChat n.微信 7.video n.录像带；录像
8.mouse n.鼠标 9.Internet n.互联网 10.keyboard n.键盘
11.message/information n.消息；信息 12.type v.打字　　　　
13.radio n.收音机；无线电广播　 14.online adj.在线的；联网的
15.mobile adj.可移动的；非固定的　　　　
16.email v.给……发电子邮件 n.电子邮件
词 块 1.call/ring me back 给我回电话
2.call/ring him up 打电话给他
3.connect the printer with the computer把打印机和电脑连接起来
4.get in touch with others与其他人保持联系
n. 1.expert专家 2.scientist科学家
3.background背景 4.pioneer先驱 5.director负责人；导演 6.leader领导；领袖
v. 1.publish出版；发行；发表 2.collect收集
3.remember记住；记起 4.win赢得
5.regard将……认为；把……视为
二、著名人物
adj. 1.great伟大的 　　 2.ancient古代的 3.famous/well-known著名的 4.international国际的 兼词 1.praise v.& n.表扬；赞扬
2.honor n.荣誉；尊敬 v.尊敬；尊重
词块 1.scientific achievements科学成就 2.come up with an idea提出一个想法 3.have a great influence on the world对世界产生巨大的影响
语境运用
一、根据句意填入适当的单词，每空一词。
1.I want to be a great __________ like Yuan Longping.
2.As we all know, Alexander Graham Bell __________ the telephone in 1876.
scientist
invented
3.You should stay away from those friends who have a bad ______________ on you.
4.Open the computer, please.I'd like to search for the information on the __________.
5.I'll send you a text __________ as soon as I arrive at the airport.
influence/effect
Internet
message
二、用下面短语的适当形式填空，每个短语限用一次。
　search for; be designed for; be made of;
be connected with; try out　
Like many kids, Alan is a fan of science.But this 14-year-old eighth-grader used his science skills to help others.He created three prosthetic(假体的) hands using a 3D printer during his after-school program.They 1._________________ high-tech materials.
were/are made of
　search for; be designed for; be made of;
be connected with; try out　
He had 2.______________ the materials for a long time and 3.____________ many times.He designed the first hand for practice.The second one 4._________________ a 6-year-old boy, and the third was made for a disabled teacher at his school.He was pleased that his love of science could 5._________________ his willingness(意愿) to help others.He says he wants to do something good and help more people.
searched for
tried out
was designed for
be connected with
强化训练
“中国神草”青蒿素问世50年
Do you know malaria(疟疾) It __1__ a deadly problem for humans since ancient times.Countless people have died from the disease.Thankfully, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou found __2__ effective drug(药物) called qinghaosu.
（ ）1.A.is B.was C.has been
（ ）2.A.a B.an C.the
一、 语法选择
C
1．根据句中的“since”可知应使用现在完成时。
B
The year of 2022 is the 50th year of Tu's discovery.In 1969, Tu became the director of a national project to develop a drug __3__ malaria.Her team took a special way.They studied books about traditional Chinese medicine.After reading __4__ than 2，000 old treatment ways, Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible ways.
（ ）3.A.against B.with C.from
（ ）4.A.much B.more C.most
A
B
One treatment, which is 1，600 years old, uses sweet wormwood(青蒿).Tu found it effective and tried to extract(提取) qinghaosu from it __5__ a drug.The extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way.She used a low-temperature method to extract qinghaosu and finally __6__ in 1972.
（ ）5.A.make B.to make C.making
（ ）6.A.succeeded B.success C.successful
B
A
6．分析句子结构可知and后为一个分句，且句子缺少谓语动词，因此应使用动词。
__7__ her team showed that qinghaosu could treat malaria in mice and monkeys, Tu and two of her workmates volunteered to test the drug on themselves before testing it on human patients.It turned out that qinghaosu was safe and all __8__ in the test recovered.Gradually, qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria that __9__ by WHO, saving millions of lives around the world.
（ ）7.A.Before B.After C.Though
（ ）8.A.patient B.patients C.patient's
（ ）9.A.is accepted B.is accepting C.was accepted
B
B
C
In 2015, when Tu won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, she refused to take all of the honor.Instead, she praised __10__ workmates and traditional Chinese medicine.She once said, “Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world.”
（ ）10.A.she B.her C.hers
B
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了屠呦呦及其团队成功提取青蒿素的故事。
Lin Chaodai is a 52-year-old top cook at a five-star restaurant.He had never __1__ that he could take robots as his students.Last year, Lin and 10 other cooks were invited to __2__ a menu and teach the robot students to cook.
（ ）1.A.cared for B.heard from
C.dealt with D.thought about
（ ）2.A.work B.study C.draw D.cause
二、完形填空
D
B
“A good and traditional taste of __3__ depends on perfect cooking standards，” said Lin.
So before engineers began their tests, they recorded the recipes(食谱) and other important information on the computers.
（ ）3.A.dishes B.lists C.diaries D.classes
A
Customers can __4__ their orders through a touch screen inside the restaurant.Then the system chooses the food before sending it to the 32 __5__ to cook.After the dishes are completed, the machines then __6__ themselves, using less water.
（ ）4.A.eat B.cook C.make D.refuse
（ ）5.A.managers B.teachers C.customers D.robots
（ ）6.A.turn B.give C.clean D.take
C
D
4．句意：顾客可以通过餐厅内的触摸屏下订单。 make orders下单，故选C。
5．句意：然后系统在将其发送给32个机器人进行烹饪之前选择食物。根据上文“the robot students to cook”可知是发送给机器人去进行烹饪，故选D。
C
“The cooking time of a dish is between three and five minutes，” said Yan Weixin, the inventor of the robots.
Restaurants with robots are popular in China as the development of food market __7__ the industry to go digitally(数字化).“Robotic kitchens can __8__ improve the cooking speed and cut the cost，” said Qiu Mi, manager of one restaurant.
（ ）7.A.lends B.pushes C.stops D.holds
（ ）8.A.politely B.hardly C.greatly D.difficultly
B
7．句意：随着食品市场的发展推动行业数字化，带有机器人的餐厅在中国很受欢迎。push(促进)符合语境，故选B。
C
8．根据上文“The cooking time of a dish is between three and five minutes”可知，一道菜只要几分钟就好了，所以机器人厨房可以大大提高烹饪速度，故选C。
“The robotic kitchens can bring a great change in the __9__ business in China，” said Lin.“The kitchens can also keep the __10__ taste of food，” he added.That shows his confidence in the cooking skills of robot cooks.
（ ）9.A.dining B.animal C.sport D.health
（ ）10.A.traditional B.negative C.lucky D.hopeful
A
A
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了餐饮机器人。
三、阅读理解B(2022广西改编)
David Bennett, a 57-year-old man from the US, received the world's first pig heart transplant(移植) on January 7th, 2022.He died two months later on March 9th.
It may sound like a failure, but it actually is a big step forward for xenotransplantation(异种器官移植).
Xenotransplantation has been a hot topic in medical research for many years.Doctors and scientists look for ways to solve the big problem of organ(器官) transplant waiting lists.In the US alone, over 100，000 patients are on the list waiting for new organs.Many of them will die before getting their chance to receive a heart, a kidney(肾) or other important organs.As a result, medical science has turned to animal organs.
Doctors have experimented with xenotransplantation since the early 20th century.There are few success stories.Usually, patients' bodies reject(排斥) animal organs.Bennett lived much longer than other xenotransplantation patients.That's because scientists removed pig genes that would cause fast rejection.Then they added human genes to help the body accept the organ.
In fact, Bennett's case was not the only success.Doctors at the University of Alabama put the gene-edited pig kidneys inside a patient's body in the same year.Though these successes were short-lived, they show that there may be a way forward for xenotransplantation.“A lot of new information will come out.The development of this field will profit from it and move forward at a faster speed，” Muhammad Mohiuddin, director of the transplant program, told The Guardian.
（ ）1.How long did David Bennett live after the pig heart transplant
A.For 9 months. B.For 3 months.
C.For 2 months. D.For 1 month.
C
（ ）2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A.Human organs are expensive.
B.Many patients died because of the organ transplant.
C.Compared with human organs, animal organs are easier to get.
D.Patients cannot accept animal organs in their bodies.
C
2．根据“As a result, medical science has turned to animal organs.”可推知，与人类器官相比，动物器官更容易获得。故选C。
（ ）3.According to Paragraph 4, what may the main problem of xenotransplantation be
A.Patients' ideas. B.Bodies' rejection.
C.The high price. D.The number of organs.
B
3．根据“Usually, patients' bodies reject animal organs.”可知，移植的主要问题可能是身体的排斥。故选B。
（ ）4.What does the underlined word “profit” in the last paragraph mean
A.Benefit. B.Fail. C.Stop. D.Finish.
A
4．根据“The development of this field will profit from it and move forward at a faster speed.”可知，这个领域的发展将以更快的速度向前发展。可推出画线单词的意思是“得益”，故选A。
（ ）5.What does the writer think of xenotransplantation
A.It should be stopped because of the death cases.
B.It has become more and more popular.
C.It is too difficult to carry on.
D.It is valuable and worth researching.
D
5．根据“Though these successes were short－lived, they show that there may be a way forward for xenotransplantation.”可知，作者认为异种器官移植很有价值，值得研究。故选D。
【短文大意】本文主要介绍的是异种器官移植技术。由于人类捐赠的器官短缺，科学家们一直在研究异种器官移植，并且已经有了成功的案例。虽然异种器官移植出现了一些问题，但前景还是乐观的。
四、阅读理解C
配对阅读。左栏是五个著名人物的简介，右栏是七个人物评论，请为每个人物选择合适的评价。
（ ）1.Albert Einstein, a Jewish physicist, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.Among the important discoveries he made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity(相对论). （ ）2.Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China.He made many wise sayings that helped many people learn about nature, the world and human behavior. （ ）3.Nicholas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who suggested that the earth and other planets in the solar system go around the sun.Now, all our ideas of the universe are built on this theory(理论). （ ）4.Neil Armstrong was a pilot in the US Air Force before he entered the space program.In July of 1969, he landed on the moon and made history by walking on the moon first. （ ）5.Steven Jobs was an American businessman who was known as the CEO of Apple Inc.He launched(发布)the Macintosh computer, iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad and other popular electronic products. A.He was the first man to walk on the moon.His famous saying “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” is remembered by all the people in the world.
B.As the founder of Confucianism, he is one of the world's most famous cultural figures.His influence is still felt across the world and his ideas of teaching are still important in practice today.
C.He is considered the greatest physicist since Galileo and Newton.His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields.
D.His sailing around the world showed that the earth is round and could be circled by sea.He was the first European to sail across the Pacific Ocean.
E.He is widely regarded as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution(革命).His influence on the computer and electronics is great.
F.He is one of the most admired musicians and pianists in the history of Western music.As his music has a very far－reaching influence, he is known as “the king of the symphony”.
G.He is known as the father of modern astronomy.He was the first modern European scientist to come up with the idea that the sun is the center of the solar system.
C
B
G
A
E
（ ）1.Albert Einstein, a Jewish physicist, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.Among the important discoveries he made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity(相对论).
（ ）2.Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China.He made many wise sayings that helped many people learn about nature, the world and human behavior.
C
B
（ ）3.Nicholas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who suggested that the earth and other planets in the solar system go around the sun.Now, all our ideas of the universe are built on this theory(理论).
（ ）4.Neil Armstrong was a pilot in the US Air Force before he entered the space program.In July of 1969, he landed on the moon and made history by walking on the moon first.
（ ）5.Steven Jobs was an American businessman who was known as the CEO of Apple Inc.He launched(发布)the Macintosh computer, iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad and other popular electronic products.
G
A
E
A.He was the first man to walk on the moon.His famous saying “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” is remembered by all the people in the world.
B.As the founder of Confucianism, he is one of the world's most famous cultural figures.His influence is still felt across the world and his ideas of teaching are still important in practice today.
C.He is considered the greatest physicist since Galileo and Newton.His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields.
D.His sailing around the world showed that the earth is round and could be circled by sea.He was the first European to sail across the Pacific Ocean.
E.He is widely regarded as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution(革命).His influence on the computer and electronics is great.
F.He is one of the most admired musicians and pianists in the history of Western music.As his music has a very far－reaching influence, he is known as “the king of the symphony”.
G.He is known as the father of modern astronomy.He was the first modern European scientist to come up with the idea that the sun is the center of the solar system.
In the past ten years, great progress has been made in technology.It seems like everything has been greatly improved.But1.__________ is one thing unlike them.It was invented over 100 years 2.__________ but remained unchanged until now.I'm talking about a blind walking stick.
there
五、短文填空(2022丹东改编)
ago
1．分析句子结构可知，这是there be句型，故填there。
The white stick has been 3.__________ by many blind people for a long time.However, it hasn't really been improved, until a blind engineer named Kursat decided to do 4.__________ to change that.He hoped his invention would help the 5.__________.
used
something
3．be used by sb.由某人使用。
blind
5．根据本段第一句可知，他希望他的发明可以帮助盲人。the blind盲人。
He invented a smart stick 6._____________ WeWalk.It helps blind people in walking around their environment.It makes their travel much easier.The stick is priced at around ?$500.It is less than half the price of most smart phones, so most people can 7.__________ it.This invention is going to change life a lot for the blind.
called/named
afford
Kursat well understands the difficulties that the blind face.That's 8.__________ he is blind himself.He decided to put his knowledge of technology into inventing something.It would not only change his life, 9.__________ also the life of many others.
because
8．分析上下文可知，空格后是原因。that's because那是因为。
but
“In these days, we are talking about flying cars.But the blind have been using just a simple stick.As a bind person, when I am at the bus stop, I don't know 10.__________ bus is coming.Now, that kind of information can be provided by WeWalk，” he said.“I believe life of the blind will be much easier and safer.”
which
10．分析句子结构，空后是单数名词，且空处是宾语从句引导词，所以空处在从句中作定语。根据常识可知，盲人不知道哪一辆公交会过来，故填which。
短文大意：本文介绍了Kursat的新发明WeWalk。它可以让盲人更便捷地生活。
六、读写综合
A.回答问题
For the past 20 years, the Touching China annual people award has honored people from all walks of life across the country.They are people who warm our hearts with their actions.This year, Yang Zhenning is chosen for it.
No matter where he has been, he has always had his motherland in mind.In 1957, Yang studied in the US.He and another Chinese student, Tsung-dao Lee came up with a physics theory together.Months later, the two won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their theory.Their achievement proved that Chinese scientists could be on the global frontier(前沿).
However, the “frozen(结冰的)” Sino-US(中美) relations prevented Chinese scientists who received doctoral degrees in the US from returning to China.Then, in 1971, Yang finally got the chance to return to China for a visit.Later, Yang sold a house in the US, donating the money to Tsinghua University.In 2003, Yang returned to China and also taught at Tsinghua Univeristy.
Under his influence, many overseas Chinese returned to China to make contributions to our great country, such as Turing Award winner Yao Qizhi and physicist Wu Xiaogang.
1.How long has the Touching China annual people award honored people
_____________________________________________________
For 20 years.
2.Where did Yang Zhenning study in 1957
_____________________________________________________
In the US.
3.What did Yang Zhenning and Tsung-dao Lee win
_____________________________________________________
The Nobel Prize in Physics.
4.When did Yang return to China and teach at Tsinghua Univeristy
_____________________________________________________
In 2003.
5.Who is Yao Qizhi
_____________________________________________________
He is a Turing Award winner.
B.书面表达
伟人之所以伟大，是因为他们创造了时代、影响了世界。那么是什么让他们成为伟人的呢？请以“What Makes a Person Great”为题，写一篇英语短文。内容包括：
(1)谁是你心中最伟大的人；
(2)他/她对世界有什么影响；
(3)你从他/她身上学到了什么优秀的品质。
1.审题　 人称： 第三人称　时态：一般过去时
2.思路引导
3.范文赏析
2022年5月4日中午，中国13名珠峰科考队员成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。科考队员完成了世界海拔最高的自动气象站的架设，再次创造了新的记录。假如你是韩梅，请结合生活实际，给科考队写一封信。内容包括：
(1)表达祝贺；
(2)你在成长中关于坚持、挑战、担当等方面的想法。
参考词汇：set up 架设， the erection of the automatic weather station 自动气象站的搭建
Dear scientific expedition，
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Han Mei
First of all, congratulations on your successful climb to the top of Mount Qomolangma and the completion of the erection of the world's highest automatic weather station, which once again set a new record.You are my example.You let me understand that nothing is difficult in the world, as long as we are willing to climb.Our students' current task is to study.Every class and exam is just like every step of your upward climb.I will continue to challenge new heights.Finally, I believe I will be able to reach the top and contribute to the construction of the country.
谢谢大家！

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