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初一上学期动词专项
请大家准备好本和笔
一、动词的定义
二、动词的分类
三、动词的时态
一般现在时
四、动词固定搭配
一、 动词的定义
动词是用来表示主语做什么，是什么，或怎么样的词。
eg: The boy plays soccer well.
The boy is a student .
二、动词的分类
1、系动词
be动词------ am / is / are
特殊系动词：sound / look
我 (I) 用 am ,你 (you) 用 are ,is 连着他 (he) ,她 (she) ,它 (it) ；

单数名词用 is ，复数名词全用 are.

变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。

变否定，更容易，be 后 not 莫忘记。

疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。

be 动词 :
英语中 be 动词基本形式有am, is, are 三种。其用法如下：
特殊系动词：sound / look
sound----- “听起来” ,后加形容词作表语
That sounds interesting / boring.
look ------- “看起来，看上去”,后加形容词作表语
You look cool.
The sweater looks nice.
系动词练习

I ________a happy girl.

2. She _______ a student.

3. Jane and Tom _________ my friends.

4. My parents _______ very busy every day.

5. Where _________ your books
6._________ they your new friends

The girl______ Jack's sister.

8. The dog _______ tall and fat.

9. Jack’ s friend ______ in Class One.

10. Where _____ your mother She ______ at home.

am
is
are
are
are
Are
is
is
is
is
is
11.Whose dress ______ this

12.That ______ my red skirt.

13.These _____ buses.

Some bread ______ on the table.

15.Gao Shan's trousers _______ over there.

16.______ David and Helen from England

17.-Let’s play tennis. -That _______ (sound) difficult.

18.The two cups of milk _____ for me.

19.The man with sunglasses _______ (look) cool.
is
is
are
is
are
Are
sounds
are
looks
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。
1、不能单独作谓语，只能加“动词原形 ”构成谓语，没有人 称和数的变化。
如：（1）I can speak Chinese.
（2）He can sing English songs.
2、变否定在其后加 not。I can not (can’t) speak English.
3、变一般疑问句，情态动词提前放句首。
Can you speak English Yes, I can . No, I can’t.
目前，我们主要学了两个情态动词：can 和 must
2、情态动词：
can表示能力，“能、会”
must表示说话人主观上“应该，必须做某事”
mustn’t表示“禁止，决不能做某事”
1. The children___ play soccer on the road(马路上).
A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must
2. ----Can you speak Japanese ----No, I____.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
3. － Can you see a light on the table --Yes________.
A 、 I am B 、 I ’m not C、 I can D、 He isn’t
The red light( 灯 ) is on（开着的). We __________ stop(停下来).

5. Tom _______ play basketball well.

C
B
C
must
can
3、助动词：
助动词本身没有实际意义，帮助实义动词构成各种时态、语态、否定和疑问等结构。
目前我们主要了解助动词do的用法，do的形式有do / does
I have a watch.---Do you have a watch Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
--- I don’t have a watch.

Michael likes Chinese Food.---Does Michael like Chinese food
Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
---Michael doesn’t like Chinese food.

注：do的用法-----实义动词“做…”, do the homework
助动词，没有实际意义
代动词，代替上文中的动词。
I don’t have an eraser, but Linda does.
助动词练习
1： She ________ to see documentaries（记录片） .

A 、 do want B 、 don't want C、 doesn't want D、 not want

2： Look at that picture on the wall. __________ you like it

A 、 Do B 、 Can C、 Could D、 Are

3： He ________ like pears.

A 、 do B 、is C、 doesn't D、 not

4： — Do you often go to the pak on Sunday — No, we_____.

A 、don't B、 aren't C、 do D、 doesn't

5： Li Lei ______ lunch at home.

A 、doesn’t have B、 haven’t C、don’t have
A
C
C
A
A
实义动词
1.及物动词 vt.
本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整，后直接跟宾语。
I love you. My uncle buys a new car.
常见的及物动词有：
have, say, find, take 等
根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语而分为
及物动词和不及物动词
2.不及物动词 vi.
自身意思完整，无需接宾语，如接宾语必须在动词后加某个介词。
Birds can fly.
He looks around. He looks at me.
We will arrive(抵达) tomorrow.
We will arrive in Beijing tomorrow.
常见的不及物动词有：
come, work, look
既作及物动词又作不及物动词的词
如 finish , write, read, eat 等。
1. Our classes finish at 3 p.m. .
I finish my homework at 5 p.m. .
2. I am writing .
I am writing a letter.
动词按时态、语态分大致有五种基本形式
原形
第三人称单数
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
play
plays
played
played
playing
get
gets
got
gotten
getting
have
has
had
had
having
do
does
did
done
doing
一般现在时 一般过去时 现在/过去完成时 、被动语态 现在进行时
三、一般现在时 (课本89页)
（1）表示现在的状态或陈述一件事实
eg. I’m twelve.
I have three ping-pong balls.
（2）表示经常或习惯性的动作
eg. I always play games with my friends after class.
（3）表示主语具备的性格和能力等
eg. Bill likes beef, but he doesn’t like chicken.
1、动词的第三人称单数的变化规则：
（1）一般动词在词尾加- s, 在清辅音后读 /s / ,在浊辅音或元音后读 / z / ;在t后读/ ts /, 在d后读 / dz /。例如：help → helps ，play → plays, want →wants, find →finds
（2）以字母s, x, ch , sh 结尾的动词加- es, 读/ iz/ , 在d后读/ dz/.以o结尾的动词也加es，读/ z /。例如：guess → guesses，teach → teaches，go → goes
（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，读/ z /
例如：fly → flies study→studies
（4）特殊变化：have →has
写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式：
come---- know---- find---
study---- finish---- go---
play---- watch---- wash---
ask---- have---- do----
buy---- want---- need---
comes
knows
finds
studies
finishes
goes
plays
watches
washes
asks
has
does
buys
wants
needs
一般现在时的练习
1. We often___________(play) in the playgound.
2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.
3. __________you _________(eat) breakfast every morning
4. What (do) he usually (do) after school
5. Danny ___(study) English, Chinese and art at school.
6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.
7. At eight at night, she __________(watch) TV with his parents.
8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day
9. How many lessons _____ your classmate_____(have) on
Monday
play
gets
Do
eat
does
do
studies
goes
watches
Does
read
does
have
按动词在句中的位置可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词
I want to play basketball with my friends.
谓语动词
非谓语动词
My mother likes eating vegetables.
谓语动词
非谓语动词
动词的固定搭配
like / love to do / doing sth. 喜欢做某事
want to do sth. 想做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth. 要求/请求/邀请某人做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
think about doing sth. 考虑/ 思考做某事
finish doing sth. 做完某事
非谓语动词练习
My brother likes ________ (eat) hamburgers.
Let them ________ (play) first.
Nancy is a nice girl. She always helps us _______ (tidy）the classroom.
My mother wants me _______ (have) milk every day.
Peter asks me _______ (go) to his birthday party.
We need ________ (buy) some food to make dinner.
eating
play
(to) tidy
to have
to go
to buy
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