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人教版英语九年级复习之被动语态
在英语中，动词主要有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
一、被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义，主动语态和被动语态相当于汉语里的“把字句”和“被字句”。
主动语态的构成：主语（动作的执行者）+主动的谓语动词+动作承受着；例如：We each have an apple for breakfast. 我们每个人吃一个苹果作为早餐。
被动语态的构成：主语（动作的承受着）+被动的谓语动词+动作的执行者；例如：The green trees are planted every year by us. 我们每年都种植绿树。（绿树每年都被我们种植。）
被动语态的基本构成；主语+be+动词的过去分词
注意：被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。
主动语态变成被动语态的方法：
将原句的宾语变为被动语态的主语；
将原句的谓语动词变成“be+动词过去分词”形式，并注意时态
在原句的主语前面加上介词by ，加在“be+动词过去分词”结构的后面。特别注意：如果原句的主语是人称代词，加上by以后，要变成宾格。
例如：We clean the classroom every day. （变为被动语态）
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
接下来，我们列举出各种时态的被动语态，大家可以抽空记一下：
一般现在时: is / am / are done
一般将来时：will be done
现在进行时：is /am / are being done
现在完成时：have / has been done
一般过去时：was / were done
过去将来时：would / should be done
过去进行时：was / were being done
过去完成时：had been done
含情态动词的：情态动词+ be + done
其中的“done”指的是动词的过去分词，它分为规则和不规则两种形式。
具体例子：
主动语态：
1. He makes some delicious food.
2. He made some delicious food.
3. He is making some delicious food..
4. He was making some delicious food..
5. He will make some delicious food..
6. He would make some delicious food.
7. He has made some delicious food..
8. He had made some delicious food.
被动语态：
1. Some delicious food is made by him.
2. Some delicious food was made by him.
3. Some delicious food is being made by him.
4. Some delicious food was being made by him.
5. Some delicious food will be made by him.
6. Some delicious food would be made by him.
7. Some delicious food has been made by him.
8. Some delicious food had been made by him.
含有情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词
例如：Children should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
孩子们应该被允许选择自己的衣服。
练习题：
1.Today Chinese ____________ (speak) in many schools around the world.
2.A sports meeting ______________ (hold) in the hall next week.
3.A new school ____________ (set up) in my hometown last year.
4. The tall building _____________ (build) for three years.
5.Now the game _______ (play) by teachers and students in class.
参考答案：
1.is spoken 2.will be held 3.was set up
4.has been built 5.is being played
没有被动语态的几种情况：
(1).所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
这类动词或短语如：
take place(发生)，happen(发生)，die（死），end (结束)， fail（失败）, come true（实现）
(2)系动词无被动语态：
be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look,seem, smell, sound, taste,
被动语态中几个要注意的问题：
1、使役动词和感官动词的被动语态
在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后都是接动词原形，而在被动语态中需接动词不定式。
例如：The sad movie makes me cry .
被动语态：I am made to cry by the sad movie.
又如：I saw him watch TV last night.
变为被动语态：He was seen to watch TV last night by me.
2、含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态，有两种变法：
例如：He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。
变为被动语态：She was given some money.
变为被动语态：Some money was given to him.
练习题：用所给词的正确形式填空：
Some flowers ____________ (plant) by the side of the road every year.
A new bus station _________ (build) next year.
Children should __________ (educate) to take care of themselves.
Yesterday , a new idea _________ (come) up with by the organization.
The flowers in the garden ___________ (water) now by workers.
参考答案：
1.are planted 2.will be built 3.be educated 4.was come 5.is being watered
同学们，以上就是我为大家总结的关于被动语态的知识点和少量练习题，希望对你们有所帮助！

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