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2023高考英语I卷阅读B篇解析
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.

当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，小溪在流经植物和微小生物生活的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。当他长大后，约翰开始寻思这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的废物。

After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.

在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又开始观察大自然并提出问题。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌 哪些鱼类可以吃致癌化学物质？他想，如果动物和植物的正确结合，也许他可以像大自然一样清理垃圾。他决定建造一台他后来称之为生态机器的机器。

The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.

约翰为自己设定的任务是清除一些污泥中的有害物质. 首先，他建造了一系列相互连接的透明玻璃钢储罐。然后，他来到当地的池塘和溪流，带回了一些植物和动物。他把它们放在玻璃钢储罐里，等着看变化。渐渐地，这些不同种类的生命相互适应，形成了自己的生态系统。几周后，约翰加入了污泥。

He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.

他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当作食物开始吃！几周内，它全部被消化掉了，剩下的只有纯水。

Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.

这些年来，约翰承担了许多重要的工作。他在南伯灵顿开发了一种处理来自1600户人家的污水的类似温室的设施。 他还设计了一台生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。

“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”

“生态设计”是约翰给他的工作起的名字。“对于发明者来说，地球上的生命就像一盒零配件，”他说。“你把生物体置于新的关系中，观察发生了什么。然后你让这些新系统发展出自己的自我修复方式。”
24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond oftraveling.
B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He longed to be a doctor.
答案C。推理判断题。文章前两段提到约翰小时候就对生物和自然产生了浓厚的兴趣，喜欢探究和发现自然界的规律。可知他爱动脑筋，有探究精神。“inquiring”意思是探究的、好问的、好奇的。
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals.
B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To test the eco-machine.
答案D。细节理解题。文中提到，约翰设计生态机器的目的就是希望这个机器像大自然一样能够自我处理污染物。所以将污泥放入罐中是为了进行测试，以便检验生态机器的有效性。
26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
答案B。细节理解题。倒数第二端提到，这些年来，约翰承担了许多重要的工作。其中包括帮助福州设计生态机器来处理污水。由此可知这个实例是为了说明他的生态机器实际应用的一个例子。
27. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
答案A。推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知，约翰相信自然界可以自我修复。故选A。
单词 音标 词性 中文
observe b z rv v. 观察，观测
flow flo n./v. 流动，流量
fishery f ri n. 渔业，渔场
trap tr p n./v. 陷阱，诱捕
bacteria b k t ri n. 细菌
cancer-causing k ns rk z adj. 致癌的
chemical kem kl n./a. 化学物质，化学的
combination n. 组合，联合
eco-machine iko m in n. 生态机器
remove r mu v v. 移除，清除
substance s bst ns n. 物质，实质
sludge sl d n. 污泥，淤泥
fiberglass fa b rɡl s n. 玻璃纤维
tank t k n. 储罐，水箱
stream stri m n. 小溪，小河
ecosystem i ko s st m n. 生态系统
digest da d est v. 消化，领会
greenhouselike adj. 类似温室的
facility f s l ti n. 设施，设备
sewage su d n. 污水，下水道
ecological i k lɑ d kl adj. 生态的，环境的
organisms rɡ n z mz n. 生物体，有机体
self-repair self-r per v. 自我修复
inquiring n kwa r adj. 好问的，探究的
review r vju n./v. 回顾，评论
application pl ke n n. 应用，申请
survive s r va v v. 存活，生存
diverse da v rs adj. 多样的，不同的
短语 中文意思
live in groups. 群居
erase doubts about 消除对……的疑虑
long to 渴望
be fond of 喜欢
being alone. 独处
get used to 习惯于
clean up 清理
make messes 弄乱；产生废物
take on 承担，从事
2023高考英语I卷阅读C篇解析
阅读C篇
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
28. What is the book aimed at
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems.
D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on.
C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A. Theoretical models.
B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples.
D. Historical analyses.
31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A. Use them as needed.
B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.
D. Identify the ideas behind them.
参考答案：BACA
答案解析：
这篇文章介绍了一本书，旨在主张数字极简主义并指导读者采用这种生活哲学。文章分为两部分，第一部分介绍了数字极简主义的哲学基础和数字断舍离的方法，第二部分深入探讨了如何培养可持续的数字化极简主义生活方式，并提供了一些实践方法。作者通过分享自己的经验和研究成果，倡导简单的数字化生活方式，并帮助读者理性和平衡地应对数字化时代的挑战。
28.细节理解题。根据The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism（本书的目的是为数字极简主义辩护）可知，这本书旨在倡导简单的数字化生活方式。在文章开头提到，这本书是一本指导人们如何在数字化时代保持理性和平衡的书，作者通过分享自己的经验和研究成果，倡导简单的数字化生活方式。故选B。难点在于学生对make the case for 的理解。这个短语的意思是“为…辩护”、“为…提出论据”、“为…做出论证”等，具体要根据上下文来确定。
29.词意猜测题。在这句话中Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.有一个非常重要的标点符号“冒号：”。冒号可以用来引出解释、例子或定义，冒号后的内容是对前面的进一步解释、说明。根据冒号的作用可知：adopting this philosophy等于the digital declutter.，二者是解释关系。根据第一段可知adopting this philosophy指代的是digital minimalism数字极简主义，所以declutter和minimalism是同义表达。而Clear-up是打扫清理之意，即是一种做减法的生活方式。与minimalism是同义表达。故选A。意思是在数字化生活中清理掉那些无用的信息和应用程序，以减少数字噪音的影响。
30.细节理解题。根据第四段In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我会指导你进行自己的数字化减法。你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的陷阱，你应该避免。）可知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了一些实践案例。故选C。
31.细节理解题。根据题干中心词“the practices”定位到第五段You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle.(你可以把这些做法视为一个工具箱，以帮助你在自己特定的情况下构建适合自己的极简主义生活方式。) 可知，作者建议读者把这些实践方法看做是一个工具箱，需要哪种工具就打开工具箱，根据自己的需要使用，故选A。
词汇学习
单词 音标 词性 中文解释
digital d d tl adj. 数字的
minimalism m n m l z m n. 极简主义
exploration kspl re n n. 探索，勘探
adopt d pt v. 采用，收养
philosophy f l s fi n. 哲学
philosophical f l s f k l adj. 哲学的
foundation fa n de n n. 基础，基本原理
increasingly n kri s li adv. 日益，越来越
intolerable n t l r bl adj. 无法忍受的
detailed de t ld adj. 详细的
conclude k n klu d v. 结束，得出结论
process pr s s n. 过程，程序
optional p nl adj. 可选的，非强制的
massive m s v adj. 大规模的，巨大的
chapter t pt r n. 章，篇章
perform p f m v. 执行，表演
participant pɑ t s p nt n. 参与者
strategies str t d iz n. 策略，战略
traps tr ps n. 陷阱，圈套
encounter n ka nt r v. 遭遇，遇到
cultivate k lt ve t v. 培养，耕作
sustainable s ste n bl adj. 可持续的
issue u n. 问题，议题
solitude s l tju d n. 孤独，独处
necessity n s s ti n. 必要性，必需品
high-quality ha kw l ti adj. 高质量的
leisure l n. 闲暇，休闲
mindless ma ndl s adj. 愚蠢的，没有头脑的
toolbox tu l b ks n. 工具箱
minimalist m n m l st n. 极简主义者
circumstance s k mst ns n. 情况，环境
advocate dv ke t v. 提倡，拥护
clear-up kl r p v. 清理，澄清
add-on d n n. 附加组件，附加物
check-in t k n v. 登记，报到
take-over te k v v. 接管，接手
theoretical θ ret k l adj. 理论上的
statistical st t st kl adj. 统计的
historical h s t r k l adj. 历史的
analyses n l si z n. 分析，解析
recommend r k m nd v. 推荐，建议
evaluate v lj e t v. 评估，评价
identify a d nt fa v. 确认，识别
短语：
carry out 执行
draw on利用
take a closer look at 仔细观察
a collection of一系列
act on 采取行动
view…as 视为…
step away from远离
参考译文
这篇文章介绍了一本书，旨在为数字极简主义辩护并指导读者采用这种哲学。文章分为两部分，第一部分介绍了数字极简主义的哲学基础和数字断舍离的方法，第二部分深入探讨了如何培养可持续的数字化极简主义生活方式，并提供了实践方法。作者通过分享自己的经验和研究成果，倡导简单的数字化生活方式，并帮助读者理性和平衡地应对数字化时代的挑战。
本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探讨它所要求的内容和为什么它有效，然后教你如何采用这种哲学，如果你认为它适合你的话。
为此，我将书分为两部分。在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，从分析使越来越多人的数字生活变得难以忍受的力量开始，然后详细讨论数字极简主义哲学。
第一部分以我建议的采用这种哲学的方法结束：数字断舍离。这个过程要求你暂时离开可选的在线活动30天。在30天结束时，你将添加回一些你认为将为你重视的事情提供巨大收益的精选在线活动。
在第一部分的最后一章中，我会指导你进行自己的数字化减法。在此过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一个实验，其中超过1600人同意进行数字化减法。你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的陷阱，你应该避免。

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