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Unit 4
combine v
1 vi & vt (使) 结合；(使) 组合：
Theory must be combined with practice. 理论必须同实践相结合。
The idea of garden city was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement. 花园城市的概念就是在一种新的居住形式中把城市和乡村的优点结合起来。
2 vi & vt (使) 化合；(使) 混合：
Steel is produced by combining iron with carbon. 钢是把铁加碳混合炼制而成的。
3 vt 兼备；兼顾：
The hotel combines comfort and convenience. 这家宾馆既舒适又方便。
Like her mother Marie Curie, Irene combined family and career. 像她的母亲居里夫人一样，艾琳也兼顾了家庭与事业。
派生词
combination / k mb 'ne n/ n结合 (体)；联合 (体)；混合
高考链接
1、 In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared, combining (combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.
2、 — In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
— I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the
测试
一、在空白处填入combine的正确形式。
1. — In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
— I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two combined.
2. In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared, combining the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.
3. The combined weight of the earth’s bacteria is 400 billion tons.
4. I know how I achieved my success. It came from good planning and better doing combined.
5. The combination of Fox and Disney will lead to billions of dollars in “synergies (合并).
二、根据所给提示，用combine翻译下列句子。
1. 把工作和娱乐结合起来对你来说是件好事。(it作形式主语, business)
It will be a good thing for you to combine business and / with pleasure.
我们仍在寻找兼具所有必要品质的人选。(定语从句)
We are still looking for someone who combines all the necessary qualities.
original adj
1 [只用于名词前] 最初的；原先的 first; earliest (before any changes or developments)：
Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building. 遗憾的是，这个图书馆已经从原来的地方搬到另一座大楼里去了。
2 [只用于名词前] 原创的；原作的：
In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it. 总之，阅读原著比观看改编的电影更好。
3 独特的；新颖的；创新的 new and interesting; different from others of its type：
That’s not a very original suggestion. 那个建议没什么新意。
测试
一、写出original在下列句子中的汉语释义。
1. We required that the entries be original and interesting and be presented in English within five minutes . 新颖的
2. The new rate is $199 per night, instead of the original $179. 原来的
3. The moral of the original story is that a wicked person cannot escape punishment. 原创的
二、将下列句子译为英语。
原画作现收藏于这家博物馆。
The original painting is now in the museum.
我更喜欢读它的原著。(original n)
I’d prefer to read it in the original.
behave v
1 vi 表现 to act in a particular way(act)：
He was a little boy, but he behaved as if / though he was an adult. 他是一个小男孩，但却表现得像个大人。
2 vi & vt (使) 举止规矩；(使) 表现得体 to act in a correct or appropriate way：
behave oneself:
Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves. 应当鼓励学生养成良好的习惯，行为更加规矩。
badly- / well-behaved children不守规矩/守规矩的孩子
高考链接
1、 Tom, behave yourself (规矩点). Did you forget the school rules
测试
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语意思。
表现1. We live in a global village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.
举止规矩2. She always behaves well when her aunts come to visit.
社交行为3. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.
尽量举止得体4. I want you both to be on your best behaviour at Grandad’s.
二、根据所给汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1. He was praised for his good behaviour (良好举止).
2.We guarantee to behave ourselves(守规矩) tomorrow.
3.A(n) well-behaved child (守规矩的孩子) earns a great reward.
4.He behaved as if (他表现得像) nothing out of the ordinary was happening.
5.Whenever there was a full moon he would start behaving strangely (表现奇怪).
responsibility n.[C] & [U]
1 责任；职责：
accept / shoulder (a) responsibility承担/担起责任
Taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity. 对做错的事负责是非常成熟的标志。
The media has a moral responsibility to report news truthfully. 媒体有如实报道新闻的道德责任。
absence n
1 [C] & [U] 缺席；不在：
He was eager to be back after more than a week’s absence from school. 他一个多星期没有去学校，急切地想回去。
2 [U] 缺乏：
Her absence of mind during driving nearly caused an accident. 她驾车时心不在焉，差点造成事故。
固定搭配
in / during sb’s absence 在某人不在时：
in the absence of 在缺乏…的情况下：
测试
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The decision was made in my absence. 我不在的时候
2. In the absence of any evidence, the police had to let Myers go. 没有……
3. Frequent absence due to illness meant he was behind with his work. 缺勤
二、根据汉语和英语提示补全下列句子。
1. 他没能来参加会议，我很失望。（failure）
I was very disappointed at his failure to come to the meeting.
2. 她的工作需要她经常出门。（absence）
Her work involved repeated absences from home.
3. 一想到可以独自在家独立做事，我真的激动不已。（thought）
I was really excited at the thought of being at home alone and doing everything by myself.
awkward adj
1 尴尬的；别扭的 embarrasing：
an awkward silence令人尴尬的沉默
I felt awkward, so I smiled at him. 我感到很尴尬，冲他笑了笑。
2 使用不便的；难以应付的(difficult)：
an awkward machine不好用的机器
ask an awkward question问一个难以回答的问题
3 不方便的 (inconvenient)：
Please arrange the next meeting at a less awkward time. 请把下次会议时间安排得方便些。
派生词
awkwardly /' kw dli/ adv尴尬地
测试
用所给单词替换划线部分，使句意保持不变。
inconvenient, clumsy, difficult, embarrassing, embarrassed
embarrassing, 1. You have put me in an awkward position.
inconvenient 2. That’s a bit awkward for me — could we make it earlier
clumsy 3. His movements were slow and awkward.
embarrassed 4. Every traveler to a foreign country feels awkward at some point.
difficult 5. Just sitting in the wheelchair was a learning experience. I had never considered before how awkward it would be to use one.
escape v
1 vi 逃走；逃跑：
The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but he lost his way. 猎人试图逃出森林，但是迷路了。
2 vt & vi 逃脱；逃避：
escape doing sth:
You are lucky to escape being punished. 你逃脱了惩罚，真走运。
escape sb’s attention / notice逃过某人的注意；被某人忽视
A boy escaped unhurt when the fire in his room exploded.
房间里发生火灾时男孩逃了出来，没有受伤。
He narrowly escaped death in an earthquake. 他在一次地震中死里逃生。
3 vi (气体、液体等) 泄露：
A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. 一个小孔能让烟从顶部冒出来。
测试
一、写出下列句子中escape的汉语释义。
1.The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down.
泄露
2. As a child he would often escape into a dream world of his own.
逃避
3. Escape from this window and return to the main menu.
退出
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Time is something from which we can’t escape.
2. Compared with the escaped (escape) driver, I am proud of what I did.
3. He was lucky to escape being (be) killed.
三、根据所给提示完成下列句子。
1. Although he thought he could escape attention (逃过注意) by sitting at the back, he was wrong.
2. It was reported that two journalists narrowly escaped death (死里逃生) in the air attack.
get across (使) 通过；(使) 被理解；(把…) 讲清楚：
Traffic lights turned red before they could get across the street. 还没等他们穿过马路，交通灯就变红了。
I spoke slowly, but my meaning didn't get across. 我讲得很慢，但我的意思还是没有被理解。
It's difficult to get across how exciting the trip is! 很难讲清楚这次旅行多么激动人心！
energetic adj
1 有活力的；精力旺盛的；充满活力的；需要能量的：
My father is lively and energetic, but he is not very patient. 我父亲性格开朗且精力旺盛，但不是很有耐心。
派生词
energetically / en 'd et kli/ adv精力充沛地；积极地
高考链接
1、 My grandfather is as energetic (energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.
2、 Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic (energy).
appeal v
1 vi 呼吁；恳请 to make a serious request for sth you need or want very much：
appeal (to sb) (for sth):
appeal (to friends) for help恳请(朋友)帮助
The police are appealing to the public for any information about the missing girl. 警察呼吁公众提供有关这个失踪女孩的任何消息。
appeal to sb to do sth:
The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁人人节约用水。
2 vi 有吸引力；有感染力 to be attractive or interesting to sb：
appeal to sb:
Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women. 体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。
3 vi & vt 上诉；申诉：
She’s not happy with the decision and plans to appeal. 她不服判决，打算上诉。
He appealed the case five times, always losing. 这个案件他上诉了五次，都败诉了。
4 vi 启发；激发 to influence sb’s feelings or thoughts so that they will do sth you want：
appeal to sth:
They needed to appeal to his sense of justice. 他们需要激发他的正义感。
n
1 [C] & [U] 呼吁；恳请：
appeal (to sb) for sth:
make / launch an appeal for money and clothes呼吁捐钱捐衣物
appeal to sb to do sth:
The organization has launched an appeal to the public to raise 150,000 for the sick kid. 这个组织呼吁公众筹集15万英镑以拯救这个生病的孩子。
2 [U] 吸引力；魅力：
appeal for sb:
Small cars are economical of fuel, so they have more appeal for consumers. 小型车油耗低，因而更受消费者青睐。
have / hold wide / popular appeal广受欢迎
3 [C] & [U] 上诉；申诉；上诉权：
lose an appeal上诉失败
The sentence was reduced to three years on appeal. 通过上诉，刑期减为三年。
派生词
appealing / 'pi l / adj有吸引力的；恳求的：
Harry Potter stories are so appealing that they encourage children to read more. 《哈利·波特》的故事太吸引人了，使得孩子们读了还想再读。
The pet dog looked at her master with an appealing and frightened look. 这只宠物狗带着一副哀求和惊恐的表情看着她的主人。
高考链接
1、 We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.
测试
一、根据句意，用适当的介词填空。
1. The food especially appeals to health- conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy, made with limited fat and oil and served straight off the grill (烤肉 架).
2. They have appealed to the international community for assistance, as more storms are expected to hit soon.
二、根据句意，写出appeal的汉语释义。
1. Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. 启发；激发
2. Reality TV seems to appeal much more to the younger audience. 吸引
3. So in 1887, she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature (立法机关) to issue a licence to her but they, too, refused. 上诉；申诉
三、根据句意，用适当的介词填空。
1. Lisa See has written several best-selling novels about Chinese-related subjects. She says those themes have special appeal for her.
2. Today, WHO has launched an appeal, through the United Nations, for funding to support the emergency response to this outbreak.
四、根据句意，写出appeal的汉语释义。
What I am eager to do is to raise people’s awareness of animal protection and appeal to more people to care for our earth companies. 呼吁
arrangement n
1 [C] [常用复数] 安排；筹备 a plan or preparation：
travel arrangements旅行安排
Our college is to make arrangements for the meeting. 我们学院将筹备这次会议。
2 [C] [常用复数] 安排方式 the way things are done or organized：
The airport is currently reviewing its new security arrangements. 机场目前正在检查新的安保措施。
3 [C] & [U] 排列；布置 a group of things that are put in a particular way：
the seating arrangements座次安排
4 [C] & [U] 商定；约定 sth that has been organized or agreed on (agreement)：
We have come to an arrangement — she gives me a ride to school and I help her with her English. 我们商定，她让我搭便车上学，我辅导她英语。
测试
完成句子。
1. If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5:00 pm next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements (做出必要的安排).
2. The school has an arrangement with (与……有协议) local businesses.
3. There are special arrangements (特殊的安排) for people working overseas.
4. The house was always decorated with imaginative flower arrangements (插花).
extent n
1 [U] [常用单数] 程度；范围：
固定搭配
to … extent 在…程度上
We all to some extent remember the good times and forget the bad. 我们在某种程度上都会记住美好时光而忘掉不愉快的事情。
responsibility n.[C] & [U]
1 责任；职责：
accept / shoulder (a) responsibility承担/担起责任
Taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity. 对做错的事负责是非常成熟的标志。
The media has a moral responsibility to report news truthfully. 媒体有如实报道新闻的道德责任。Unit 4 Stage and screen
combine v
1 vi & vt (使) 结合；(使) 组合：
Theory must be combined with practice.
The idea of garden city was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement.
2 vi & vt (使) 化合；(使) 混合：
Steel is produced by combining iron with carbon.
3 vt 兼备；兼顾：
The hotel combines comfort and convenience.
Like her mother Marie Curie, Irene combined family and career.
派生词
________________ n结合 (体)；联合 (体)；混合
测试
一、在空白处填入combine的正确形式。
1. — In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
— I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two __________.
2. In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared, __________ the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.
3. The __________weight of the earth’s bacteria is 400 billion tons.
4. I know how I achieved my success. It came from good planning and better doing __________.
5. The __________ of Fox and Disney will lead to billions of dollars in “synergies (合并).
二、根据所给提示，用combine翻译下列句子。
1. 把工作和娱乐结合起来对你来说是件好事。(it作形式主语, business)
_________________________________________
我们仍在寻找兼具所有必要品质的人选。(定语从句)
_________________________________________original adj
1 [只用于名词前] 最初的；原先的
Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building.
2 [只用于名词前]
In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.
3 独特的；新颖的；创新的
That’s not a very original suggestion.
测试
一、写出original在下列句子中的汉语释义。
1. We required that the entries be original and interesting and be presented in English within five minutes . _____________
2. The new rate is $199 per night, instead of the original $179. _____________
3. The moral of the original story is that a wicked person cannot escape punishment. __________
二、将下列句子译为英语。
原画作现收藏于这家博物馆。
________________________________________
我更喜欢读它的原著。(original n)
________________________________________
behave v
1 vi 表现
He was a little boy, but he behaved as if / though he was an adult.
2 vi & vt (使) 举止规矩；(使) 表现得体
behave oneself:
Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves.
badly- / well-behaved children
高考链接
1、 Tom, ________ (规矩点). Did you forget the school rules
测试
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语意思。
________1. We live in a global village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.
________2. She always behaves well when her aunts come to visit.
________3. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.
________4. I want you both to be on your best behaviour at Grandad’s.
二、根据所给汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1. He was praised for ________ (良好举止).
2.We guarantee to __________(守规矩) tomorrow.
3._________(守规矩的孩子) earns a great reward.
4.He ________(他表现得像) nothing out of the ordinary was happening.
5.Whenever there was a full moon he would start ________ (表现奇怪).
responsibility n.[C] & [U]
1 责任；职责：
accept / shoulder (a) responsibility
Taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.
The media has a moral responsibility to report news truthfully.
absence n
1 [C] & [U] 缺席；不在：
He was eager to be back after more than a week’s absence from school.
2 [U] 缺乏：
Her absence of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.
固定搭配
in / during sb’s absence ：
in the absence of
测试
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The decision was made in my absence. __________
2. In the absence of any evidence, the police had to let Myers go. _____________________
3. Frequent absence due to illness meant he was behind with his work. _____________________
二、根据汉语和英语提示补全下列句子。
1. 他没能来参加会议，我很失望。（failure）
I was very disappointed _____________________
2. 她的工作需要她经常出门。（absence）
Her work involved repeated __________________.
3. 一想到可以独自在家独立做事，我真的激动不已。（thought）
I was really excited at_____________________and doing everything by myself.
awkward adj
1 尴尬的；别扭的 ：
an awkward silence
I felt awkward, so I smiled at him.
2 使用不便的；难以应付的(difficult)：
an awkward machine
ask an awkward question
3 不方便的 (inconvenient)：
Please arrange the next meeting at a less awkward time.
派生词
__________adv尴尬地
测试
用所给单词替换划线部分，使句意保持不变。
inconvenient, clumsy, difficult, embarrassing, embarrassed
________ 1. You have put me in an awkward position.
________ 2. That’s a bit awkward for me — could we make it earlier
________ 3. His movements were slow and awkward.
________ 4. Every traveler to a foreign country feels awkward at some point.
_______ 5. Just sitting in the wheelchair was a learning experience. I had never considered before how awkward it would be to use one.
escape v
1 vi 逃走；逃跑：
The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but he lost his way.
2 vt & vi 逃脱；逃避：
escape doing sth:
You are lucky to escape being punished.
escape sb’s attention / notice
A boy escaped unhurt when the fire in his room exploded.
He narrowly escaped death in an earthquake.
3 vi (气体、液体等) 泄露：
A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top.
测试
一、写出下列句子中escape的汉语释义。
1.The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down. _________________
2. As a child he would often escape into a dream world of his own._________________
3. Escape from this window and return to the main menu._________________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Time is something _______which we can’t escape.
2. Compared with the ________ (escape) driver, I am proud of what I did.
3. He was lucky to escape ____________ (be) killed.
三、根据所给提示完成下列句子。
1. Although he thought he could _______________ (逃过注意) by sitting at the back, he was wrong.
2. It was reported that two journalists _________________ (死里逃生) in the air attack.
get across (使) 通过；(使) 被理解；(把…) 讲清楚：
Traffic lights turned red before they could get across the street.
I spoke slowly, but my meaning didn't get across.
It's difficult to get across how exciting the trip is!
energetic adj
1 有活力的；精力旺盛的；充满活力的；需要能量的：
My father is lively and energetic, but he is not very patient.
派生词
______________adv精力充沛地；积极地
高考链接
1、 My grandfather is as _________(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.
2、 Running is cheap, easy and it's always_________ (energy).
appeal v
1 vi 呼吁；恳请
appeal (to sb) (for sth):
appeal (to friends) for help
The police are appealing to the public for any information about the missing girl. 。
appeal to sb to do sth:
The government is appealing to everyone to save water.
2 vi 有吸引力；有感染力
appeal to sb:
Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women.
3 vi & vt 上诉；申诉：
She’s not happy with the decision and plans to appeal.
He appealed the case five times, always losing. 。
4 vi 启发；激发
appeal to sth:
They needed to appeal to his sense of justice.
n
1 [C] & [U] 呼吁；恳请：
appeal (to sb) for sth:
make / launch an appeal for money and clothes
appeal to sb to do sth:
The organization has launched an appeal to the public to raise 150,000 for the sick kid.
2 [U] 吸引力；魅力：
appeal for sb:
Small cars are economical of fuel, so they have more appeal for consumers.
have / hold wide / popular appeal
3 [C] & [U] 上诉；申诉；上诉权：
lose an appeal
The sentence was reduced to three years on appeal.
派生词
____________________ adj有吸引力的；恳求的：
Harry Potter stories are so appealing that they encourage children to read more.
The pet dog looked at her master with an appealing and frightened look.
高考链接
1、 We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal _____________ our emotions than for straight facts.
测试
一、根据句意，用适当的介词填空。
1. The food especially appeals___________health- conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy, made with limited fat and oil and served straight off the grill (烤肉 架).
2. They have appealed_____________ the international community for assistance, as more storms are expected to hit soon.
二、根据句意，写出appeal的汉语释义。
1. Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. _____________________
2. Reality TV seems to appeal much more to the younger audience. _____________________
3. So in 1887, she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature (立法机关) to issue a licence to her but they, too, refused. _____________________
三、根据句意，用适当的介词填空。
1. Lisa See has written several best-selling novels about Chinese-related subjects. She says those themes have special appeal ______________her.
2. Today, WHO has launched an appeal, through the United Nations, __________ funding to support the emergency response to this outbreak.
四、根据句意，写出appeal的汉语释义。
What I am eager to do is to raise people’s awareness of animal protection and appeal to more people to care for our earth companies. _______
arrangement n
1 [C] [常用复数] 安排；筹备
travel arrangements
Our college is to make arrangements for the meeting.
2 [C] [常用复数] 安排方式
The airport is currently reviewing its new security arrangements.
3 [C] & [U] 排列；布置
the seating arrangements
4 [C] & [U] 商定；约定
We have come to an arrangement — she gives me a ride to school and I help her with her English.
测试
完成句子。
1. If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5:00 pm next Thursday so that we will _____________________ (做出必要的安排).
2. The school_____________________ (与……有协议) local businesses.
3. There are _____________________ (特殊的安排) for people working overseas.
4. The house was always decorated with ________________________(插花).
extent n
1 [U] [常用单数] 程度；范围：
固定搭配
to … extent 在…程度上
We all to some extent remember the good times and forget the bad.
responsibility n.[C] & [U]
1 责任；职责：
accept / shoulder (a) responsibility
Taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.
The media has a moral responsibility to report news truthfully.

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