资源简介

U4 extended reading
Don’t judge a book by its cover, the old saying goes. Unfortunately, as a teenager, that is often exactly what you do to yourself. Dark thoughts about your physical appearance can hang over you all the time like a rain cloud. Do I look fat in these jeans Do others think I am too short Is everyone laughing at my new hairstyle behind my back These thoughts can have a negative effect on people of any shape or size, both male and female, and it is important to guard against the causes behind them.
1.I often used to hang out in supermarkets.
我过去常常到超市闲逛
Perhaps her ladyship would like to hang up her own clothes today!
尊贵的夫人今天也许愿意动手自己把衣服挂起来吧
2.固搭：off guard毫无防备　
on guard警惕；警戒
They've been doing very well, but they should guard _______over-confidence.
Police were __________at Barnet town hall.
警察在巴尼特市政厅值守。
答案： against; on guard
Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance. Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars are fighting a losing battle——these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to. They will only end up feeling worse about themselves.
3.固搭：the beauty of singing歌声之美
a beauty 一个美人
Everyone admired her elegance and her_______.
人人都羡慕她的优雅和美丽。
Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful (beauty) place I lived in.
He's got a girlfriend, and she is supposed to be quite a _______.
他有了女朋友了，说是个大美人
答案; beauty; beauty
固搭：end up with a song 以歌曲结束　
end up as作为……结束
end up in failure以失败告终
If you don't know what you want, you might end up________(get)something you don't want.
If you continue to steal you'll__________ in prison.
如果你继续偷东西，你终归得进监狱。
答案： getting; end up
Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance. If you have friends who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense, it can feel like you are living in the shadow. For children of the digital age, social media makes this problem even worse. Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies, and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself o them. This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance.
fashionable adj. 流行的，时髦的
6.shadowy adj. 阴暗的，幽暗的
固搭：in shadow在昏暗处
The children were having fun, chasing each other's __________.
孩子们追逐着彼此的影子，玩得很开心。
答案：shadow
These external influences are always present, but there are certainly ways to deal with them. First of all, be careful not to follow popular beauty standards blindly. They are out of reach for 99%of us, so it is better to just forget about them.
Another tip is to remind yourself that you are unique. Keep in mind that your family and friends love you just the way you are. Talk about your feelings with someone you trust. Hearing how much they value you can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence. Everyone has their own talents——you may be good at painting or playing the piano., so take pride in things you do well instead of worrying about things you cannot change.
7.固搭：strengths and weakness长处和短处
build up one's strength增强体力
The exercises are designed to__________your stomach muscles.
这些活动目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。
答案; strengthen
8.固搭：be proud of为……感到自豪
be proud to do sth以做某事为荣
We __________ offering you the highest standards.
我们为向您提供最高标准的服务而感到自豪。
He was ______ of himself for not giving up.
他为自己没有放弃而豪情满怀。
答案： are proud of; proud
Finally, it is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from negative thoughts. To achieve this, you should do something you enjoy. Read a book you like, or take part in a social activity, like playing a ball game with your friends. These things can help you take your mind off matters that worry you and make you feel good about yourself.
You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside, not on the inside. However, like a book, your contents are much important than your cover. If you can learn to see the good things about yourself——your individuality, your value to others, your achievements——you will soon begin to love yourself just the way you are.
固搭：be content with 对...满足
in content and forms在内容上和形式上
Your tone of voice is as important as the content of what you have to say.
_____________________________________________________________
She is not _______(满意) with her present life and wishes to take steps to improve it.
答案：你的音调好像有什么重要的事要说。
content
固搭：a sense of achievement 成就感
achieve an aim达到目标
An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable _____________(achieve)for one so young。
we should recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to _______ a goal.
我们应该认识到我们孩子的努力以推动他们自己努力去实现一个目标。
答案： achievement; achieve
练习
一、单项选择
1．With spring 　　　,the weather becomes warmer.
A．approaches B．approaching
C．approached D．approach
2．Weather ________, the picnic will be held as scheduled.
A．permits B．permitted C．should permit D．permitting
3．________ several times, she ran to tell her headmaster and teachers.
A．Repeating the cry B．While the cry was repeated
C．Having repeated the cry D．The cry being repeated
4．Once a country with over 942 million ______ in poverty, China has now reduced this to 55 million.
A．lived B．living
C．was living D．had lived
5．His attention ________ on what he was doing, he didn’t notice that his bike had been stolen.
A．was concentrated B．was concentrating
C．concentrated D．to be concentrated
6．With all your energies ______ the study of French, you will master the language.
A．concentrated B．concentrating
C．concentrated on D．concentrating on
7．— How was the journey
—Tiring! All the seats in the train__________, I stood all the way.
A．were occupied B．would be occupied C．would occupy D．occupied
8．The school children are walking along the country road, ________ a small red cap.
A．each of whom wearing B．wearing C．each wears D．each wearing
9．Ann never dreams of ________ a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A．being B．there will be
C．there to be D．there being
10．The college announced the students exchange program, most of ______ students having submitted their application forms.
A．them B．which C．whose D．its
11．Located in the center of Melbourne, Australia, are two tall towers designed by building architect Phil Rowe, both of shaped like massive tree houses rather than skyscrapers.
A．who B．whom C．which D．them
12．With all the problems _________, we felt very happy.
A．settled B．to settle
C．being settled D．settling
13．Much to their delight, their new project _____ at the conference, the excited scholars decided to have a barbecue in honour of the fantastic moment.
A．to approve B．being approved
C．having approved D．having been approved
14．He was lying on the grass, his hands _____ under his head.
A．crossing B．crossed
C．to cross D．having crossed
15．Time _________, we will pay a visit to him before we leave.
A．permit B．permitted
C．to permit D．permitting
第II卷（非选择题）
请点击修改第II卷的文字说明
二、根据所给汉语提示填空
完成句子
16．我们邀请了所有的老师来参加聚会, 他们在前排就座。(seat vt．)
We invited all the teachers to the party, _________________________________．
17．进来一个小姑娘, 穿着白色裙子, 梳着两条长辫子。(倒装)
______________________________, wearing a white skirt with two long pigtails．
18．她站在角落里, 泪珠不断地顺着面颊滚落。
She stood in a corner with ___________________________________．
19．毕业后他成为一名父母为之自豪的律师。(proud)
He became a lawyer after graduation _____________________________．
根据句意和汉语提示用所学的词组完成句子。
20．_______ _______ (如果时间允许), we’ll visit the Notre Dame even though it is being repaired due to the fire months ago.
21．If you can _______ _______ _______ (想出) just one new idea from this original technique, it will be worth your time.
22．After many competitions with various teams representing different countries, the members of the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team didn’t seem to get a bit _______ _______ (累垮, 耗尽体力).
23．While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already _______ _______ _______ (努力推进) research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
24．Parents often complain that their kids like to be _______ _______ _______ (与……冲突) them while they are in harmony with their pals.
25．Among the members of the committee those who favor the change of the law are _______ _______ __________ (占多数).
26．While the USA wants to hold back the development of China, it needs to _______ _______ _______ (考虑在内) the needs of many consumers of its own country.
27．However, some people believe that cloning human embryos _______ _______ _______ _______ (带有……的意图) destroying them shows no respect for human life.
28．Many animals, _______ _______ pigeons _______ (从……到……) monkeys, have shown that they have a quicker brain than we thought.
29．_______ _______ _______ _______ (没有被原谅) for my fault, I personally visited him after sending another e-mail.
30．完成句子
①她的眼镜坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。(独立主格结构)
__________________________________, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.
②有这么多的人帮助我们，我们一定会成功。
So many people __________________________, we are sure to succeed. (help, 独立主格结构)
③天气允许的话，明天我们将去野营。
__________________________, we’ll go camping tomorrow.(独立主格结构)
④一切都考虑在内的话，这个提议还是很有价值的。
Everything __________________________, the suggestion is of great value. (consider)
⑤He told his plan to his friends, _________________________________him carrying it out. (approve)
他把自己的计划告诉了朋友们，其中多数人赞同他实施那个计划。
三、用单词的适当形式完成句子
单句语法填空
31．My parents had trouble adjusting to________(live) in a foreign county.
32．All her spare time________( devote) to learning English, she has no time to practice dancing.
33．If you choose only to complain and escape from the suffering, it will always follow you________you are.
34．He is telling a story of Lei Feng, of________everyone of us is proud.
35．The plot of the novel is complex and________( fascinate).
36．Peking Opera is one of the most popular________( opera) in China.
37．Along with rich fishing grounds , the area is believed________(have) large oil and natural gas.
38．The play I enjoyed last night includes six scenes________the style of a classical Greek tragedy.
根据提示补全句子
39．______ (curious), the shy boy became extraordinarily active when the discussion began.
40．Over the past decades, the number of students going abroad for further study ______ (be) on the increase.
41．______ (struggle) with my Maths lately, I am at a loss what to do.
42．______ (intend) for preschool kids, the book enjoys great popularity.
43．______ one occasion, I failed the exam and my head-teacher called me to his office and gave me a hard lecture
44．She didn’t give an adequate ______ (explain) for being late, which annoyed the teacher greatly.
45．______ (confuse) about the varieties of organic food, I seemed at sea which to choose.
46．With so many ______ (attract), the theme park gets the most visitors from home and abroad.
47．The Mid-term examination ______ (approach), students are under great pressure, preparing for it.
48．Linda, ______ (represent) our school, took part in the English speaking competition.
49．I didn’t mean to hurt you; I ______ (不是指你) when I said “a boring man”.
50．It is suggested that you book the ticket ______ (提前订票) to guarantee a better seat.
51．Heartbroken with disappointments, she sat alone in the room, and memories came ______. (涌上心头)
52．______ nature(接近大自然)benefits kids both mentally and physically.
53．The beauty of flowers is immerse and ______ many designers and artists use this patterns of flowers within their artworks. (难怪)
54．A caring hug, in most cases, has the power to ______.(使我们安心，自在)
55．It is worthwhile ______ (传播知识是值得的)in poverty-stricken areas.
56．Nothing can shake our belief and prevent us ______ enemies.(保卫国家，不受…)
57．For fear of disturbing the sleeping baby, she talked with her husband ______. (耳语，轻声说)
58．To avoid being caught, he secretly ______ through the back door. (溜进教室)
单句语法填空
59．Many animals move from one place to another __________ certain times of the year；this __________（move）is called migration．
60．A team of scientists __________（lead）by professor Eli Schlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer．
61．The solution __________ the mystery of the monarch’s __________（amaze）ability comes at a time __________ it is in serious trouble．
62．Its population _________（crash）by as much as ninety percent in the last few years；_________（unfortunate），human activity is the main reason __________ the monarch numbers are falling．
63．A better understanding of the monarch’s behaviour has however led to a greater __________（aware）and __________（appreciate）of this creature．
64．The __________（much）we know about these delicate creatures，__________（great）the chance they __________（survive）．
65．We are in a position __________ we may lose a great deal of money．
66．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some __________（measure）over 90 metres．
67．Now we have to raise the public __________ of environmental protection because many people in our country are not __________ of the environment we live in is becoming worse and worse．（aware）
68．The more we get together，the __________（happy）we will be．
69．Plants and animals， including humans，need food and water __________（survive）．
单句语法填空
70．____________ (bury) in the novel, the boy didn’t raise his head and forgot to eat anything.
71．____________ (addict) to the computer games, Alice hardly goes to work.
72．____________ (know) the address and any information, I wasn’t able to contact him.
73．____________ (show) around Tian’anmen Square, the tourists were taken to visit the Palace Museum.
74．Housing price is rising sharply. Such ____________ (be) the case, we are very lucky to have a house of our own.
75．____________ (translate) into three foreign languages, the book sells well.
76．____________ (beat), children were not discouraged by the result.
77．____________ (write) in a hurry, this composition was not well constructed.
78．____________ (suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
79．The building ____________ (build) now is said to be intended for students not for teachers.
80．
(1) I am glad to see the day is bright, with a fresh breeze ______ (blow).
(2) She sat on the chair thinking about something, with her head ______ (bend).
(3) With a lot of work ______ (do), I cannot go to travel with you next week.
81．用所给动词的正确形式填空
①The boy sat at his desk, his right hand ________________(raise).
②________________ (praise) by his teacher, Tom worked even harder.
③The cup fell down to the ground, ________________ (break).
④________________ (face) with this situation, they felt both joy and fear.
⑤Young students should go and work where ________________ (need).
⑥________________ (taste) delicious, the bread in this shop was sold out soon.
⑦________________ (seat) at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
⑧________________ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
在空白处填入适当的内容（1词）或括号内所给单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。
82．____________(obvious), diet and exercise is equally important.
83．With the problem ___________(settle), they were happy and relaxed.
84．The number of people having mobile phones is increasing ___________(steady).
85．When he saw his son’s work, a ____________ (satisfy) smile appeared on his face.
86．He usually has difficulty _________(present) his apologies to others .
87．It was required that all members ___________(respond) to the matter as soon as possible.
88．Moving to a new house is a very ___________(stress) experience.
89．He fought the illness with courage and _____________(determine).
90．I was about to give up ___________ my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
91．She is strongly against the improvement plan while her colleagues are ___________ favour of it.
92．I know how busy you are and I wouldn’t want to take _____________ too much of your time.
93．The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of _____________(curious).
94．The boy ___________(lie) on the grass lied to his mother that he had finished his homework.
95．He was forced _____________(sign) the unfair agreement.
96．___________(fright) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away.
97．If he promises to help us, we ____________(win) the football match.
98．The writer _____________(make) great achievements in the past few years.
99．The city ____________(establish) by German settlers in the 1840s.
100．More than 3000 trees ____________(plant) in this area by the end of last year．
101．We all like to pretend ___________(be) strong when facing difficulties.
单句语法填空
102．My father has bought a Christmas tree with beautiful__________(decorate) for the Christmas.
103．Did the driver admit_________( break ) the traffic rules
104．_________ parents offer their children is love and care.
105．It is_________( consider) of you to keep us informed of these changes in advance.
106．lt was when 1 got back to my apartment_________I first came across my new neighbors.
107．Those_________are against the plan put up your hands please.-
108．The little girl is very keen_________dancing and she goes to dancing classes every Sunday.
109．The survey found that those in blue-collar and manual jobs were less likely_________(give) any recognition for doing well.
110．Smoking can be harmful to our health, and_________can it to the environment.
111．With the world population_________(continue) to increase, our demand for energy is also growing.
参考答案
1．B
【详解】
考查with的独立主格结构。句意：随着春天的来临，天气变得越来越暖和。approach意为“接近,临近”,该句为with的复合结构,不能使用谓语的形式,但spring与approach为主动关系,可以用现在分词形式作补语,表示“随着春天的临近”。故选B。
【点睛】
with+名词/代词+doing 表示主动关系；with+名词/代词+done 表示被动关系。
With time going by，we have forgot the past.随着时间的流逝，我已经忘记了过去。
With my homework done，I went to bed.作业做完，我去睡了。
2．D
【解析】
考查现在分词的独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许的话，野餐会如期举行。本题中没有连词，句中使用了逗号，可知它不是复合句，也不是并列句，前一部分有逻辑主语weather，与后一部分的主语不一致，能够这样使用的只有独立主格。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，由于permit与逻辑主语weather是主动关系，应用现在分词，故选D。
3．D
【解析】
句意：她几次听到喊叫声，就跑去告诉校长和老师了！分词带有自己的主语cry，cry与repeat是被动关系，故用分词的被动语态。前三项都是强调女孩自己喊叫，不符合逻辑。故选D。
4．B
【解析】
句意：曾经是一个九亿四千两百万的人生活在贫困中的国家，现在中国已经将这个数字减少到五千五百万了。两句话之间是逗号，但是没有连词，说明前面是独立主格结构，用非谓语动词，a country和live是主动关系，用现在分词，故选B。
5．C
【解析】
句意：他的注意力专注在所做的事情上，他没有注意到他的自行车已经被偷了。使用独立主格结构，his attention和concentrate是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故选C。
6．C
【详解】
考查动词短语和过去分词。句意：把全部精力集中在学习法语上，你就会掌握这门语言。动词短语：concentrate on集中精力于，全神贯注于。此处是with引导的独立主格结构，宾语energies和concentrate on是被动关系“with+宾语+过去分词”做条件状语，energies和concentrate之间是被动关系。故选C。
7．D
【详解】
考查独立主格结构。句意：——旅程怎么样？——累！火车上座位都坐满了，我一路都站着。All the seats in the train__________是独立主格结构，“座位”和“占有”之间是被动关系，用过去分词，故选D。
8．D
【详解】
考查独立主格结构。句意：学校的孩子们都沿着乡间小路散步，每个人都戴着一顶小红帽。分析句子结构可知此处使用独立主格结构，each与wear之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词表示主动，故D项正确。
【点睛】
本题需要注意非限定性定语从句和独立主格的区别，有的同学可能会误选A，A项错在把独立主格和非限定性定语从句混淆了，如果用非限定性定语从句，应该把each of whom wearing中的wearing改为wears。
9．D
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Ann做梦也没想到很快她就有机会被派往国外。介词后面跟动名词，此处为表示“存在”的there be结构，应使用动名词的独立主格形式there being。故D选项正确。
10．D
【详解】
考查独立主格结构。句意：学院宣布了交换生计划，大部分学生已经提交了申请表。由于空格后面用了独立主格结构，此处应该用形容词物主代词，it指代the students exchange program，故D项正确。
11．D
【详解】
考查独立柱格结构。句意：坐落在澳大利亚墨尔本市中心的是由建筑设计师Phil Rowe设计的两座高塔，它们的形状都像巨大的树屋而不是摩天大楼。根据句意及句子结构分析可知，此处为独立主格结构。A/B/C引导从句。故D选项正确。
【点睛】
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句中或主句末，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
独立主格结构的基本构成形式：名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等）。例如：There being nothing else to do, they have gone away. 由于无事可做，他们离开了。（代词＋现在分词）如本题就是“代词+过去分词”结构。
独立主格结构的用法：主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如:
1、表示时间：His first play a success, he wrote another.他第一个剧本成功后，又写了另一个剧本。
2、表示条件：The teacher to help us, we will succeed.有老师的帮助，我们就能成功。
3、表示原因：It being Sunday, they had no classes.由于是星期天，他们不上课。
4、表示伴随情况：He lay on his back, his face up and his hands crossed under his head.他脸朝天，头枕着手躺着。
12．A
【分析】
考查非谓语动词
【详解】
句意：所有的问题都解决了，我们都感到非常快乐。此处考查with＋宾语＋宾语补足语，表示被动完成用过去分词，表示将来用动词不定式，表示主动进行用现在分词。根据“感到开心”可知，问题已经解决，且problems用settle是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动完成，故选Ａ。
【点睛】
with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。
with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)with+宾语+介词短语
He　was　asleep　with　his　head　on　his　arms.
2)with+宾语+过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动完成关系)
All　the　afternoon　he　worked　with　the　door　locked.
He　lay　in　bed　with　his　head　covered.
3)with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动进行关系)
With　winter　coming　on，it's　time　to　buy　warm　clothes.
4)with+宾语+todo(不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)
I　can't　go　out　with　all　these　dishes　to　wash.
5)with+宾语+形容词/副词
With　John　away，we've　got　more　room.
Anderson　was　lying　on　the　bed　with　all　his　clothes　on.
13．D
【详解】
考查现在分词的独立主格结构。句意：令他们非常高兴的是，他们的新项目在会议上被批准了，兴奋的学者们决定举行烧烤来庆祝这一神奇的时刻。此处句子的主语是the excited scholars；their new project是动词approve的逻辑主语，动词approve的动作先于谓语动词的动作decide，且与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所以这里用现在分词完成式的被动式，并与逻辑主语构成现在分词的独立主格结构作时间状语。故选D。
14．B
【详解】
考查独立主格结构。句意：他躺在草地上，双手交叉放在头下。cross one's hands, 交叉手臂；这里his hands与cross之间是被动关系，独立主格结构应该是：名词或代词+done，hands与cross之间是被动关系。故选B。
【点睛】
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分。
1．名词（或代词） + 现在分词
　　现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。
　　He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
　　Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.
　　The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
　　注意：现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。
　　The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing.
2．名词（或代词） + 不定式（短语）
　　不定式表示将来的动作。
　　He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.
3．名词（或代词） + 过去分词
　　过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。
　　The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
4．名词（或代词） + 形容词（短语）
　　形容词（短语）在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态
　　The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while.
5．名词（或代词） + 副词
　　副词在独立主格结构中也多是说明名词或代词的状态。
　　The meeting over, we all went home.
6．名词（或代词） + 介词短语
　　A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
　　He left the office, tears in eyes.
　　注意：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何修饰成分。但with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如：The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.
15．D
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果时间允许的话，我们在离开之前要去看望他。分析句子可知，逗号前为独立主格结构，time与permit为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式permitting，故选D。
【点睛】
独立主格结构。独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句中或主句末，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
独立主格结构的基本构成形式：名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等）
There being nothing else to do, they have gone away. 由于无事可做，他们离开了。（代词＋现在分词）
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。（名词+过去分词）
Many eggplants, carrots, and beans to be planted, our newly-built garden will look more abundant. 种上许多的茄子、胡萝卜、豆角后，我们新建的菜园看上去将更加丰富。（名词+不定式）
The man lay on the bed, his eyes closed. 男人躺在床上，闭着眼睛。（名词+过去分词）
还有一种常见的独立主格结构为无动词独立主格结构，即句子中没有连接词。
Mr Black came into the classroom, a book in his hand. 布莱克先生手里拿着本书走进了教室。（无动词结构，表伴随）
比如本题，分析句子可知，逗号前为独立主格结构，time与permit为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式permitting，故选D。
16．who were seated in the front row
17．In came a girl
18．tears rolling down her face
19．of which his parents were proud
【解析】
16．考查实义动词的用法。seat意为“使（某人）坐下”，常用seat oneself或被动形式sb.be seated两种形式。根据句意，老师被安排在前排就座，所以使用被动语态形式。主句使用的一般过去时，所以从句也使用一般过去时。故可被翻译为who were seated in the front row。
17．考查倒装句式。表示方式、时间或方位的副词或介词（短语）如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首时，用全部倒装。全部倒装是将整个谓语动词放在主语前边。故原句可填In came a girl。
18．考查with的独立主格结构。眼泪（tears）与流下来（roll down）之间是主动关系，所以with的独立主格结构中使用现在分词。故原句可填tears rolling down her face。
19．考查介词短语与定语从句。“以……感到自豪”可翻译为be proud of。由于他父母感到自豪的是他成为了律师这件事，所以可以使用which引导的定语从句。故原句可填of which his parents were proud。
20． Time permitting/allowing
21． come up with
22． burned/burnt/worn/tired out
23． pushing ahead with
24． in conflict with
25． in the/a majority
26． take into consideration/account
27． with the intention of
28． ranging/varying from to
29． Not having been forgiven
【解析】
20．考查独立主格。逗号后面是主句，主句和_______ _______ (如果时间允许)之间无连词，因此，_______ _______ (如果时间允许)做状语，是独立主格结构。time和allow/permit之间是主动关系，因此第二个空应用现在分词。故填Time permitting/allowing。
21．考查固定短语。come up with意为“提出”，是固定短语。can是情态动词，后面接动词原形，故填come up with。
22．考查短语。表示“累垮某人”，应用burn/wear/tire sb. out。主语the members和burn/wear/tire之间是被动关系，get done表被动，故该处应用过去分词。 故应填burned/burnt/worn/tired out。
23．考查固定短语。表示“努力推进……”，用固定短语push up with。主语some scientists和push
up with之间是主动关系，且根据空前的are可知，该句用的是现在进行时态。故该处应用现
在分词。故填pushing up with。
24．考查固定短语。表示“和……冲突”，应用in conflict with，是固定短语，故填in conflict with。
25．考查固定短语。表示“占多数”，应用in the/a majority，是固定表达。故填in the/a majority。
26．考查固定短语。表示“将……考虑在内”，应用take sth. into consideration/account。need to do sth.是固定句式，因此空处应填动词原形，且the needs of many consumers of its own country是take的宾语。故空处填take into consideration/account。
27．考查固定短语。表示“带有……的意图”，应用“with the intention of”，这是固定表达。故填with the intention of。
28．考查非谓语动词和固定短语。表示“从……到……变动”，应用vary/range from…to…。_______ _______ pigeons _______ (从……到……) monkeys作定语，修饰many animals，many animals和vary之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填ranging/varying from to。
29．考查非谓语动词。forgive意为“原谅”。 _______ _______ _______ _______ (没有被原谅) for my fault作状语。主句主语I和forgive之间是被动关系，且“未被原谅”先于主句动作visit发生，因此，应用现在分词的完成被动形式having been done，其否定形式为not having been done。故填Not having been forgiven。
30．Her glasses broken to help us Weather permitting considered most of whom approved of/ most approving of
【详解】
(1). 分句要求使用独立主格结构，根据句意，独立结构部分的主语是her glasses，动词为break，her glasses和break之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用break的过去分词broken。注意句首单词首字母大写，所以答案为：Her glasses broken。
(2). 分句要求使用独立主格结构，动作还未发生，分句的逻辑谓语也要用不定式结构，所以答案为：to help us。
(3). 分句要求使用独立主格结构，根据句意，独立主格结构部分的主语是weather，动词为permit，weather和permit之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用permit的现在分词形式permitting。注意句首单词首字母大写，所以答案为：Weather permitting。
(4)分句要求使用独立主格结构，根据句意，consider和Everything之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，所以答案为：considered。
(5) most of whom approved of…为定语从句，whom在此作of的宾语；most approving of…为独立主格结构，在此作状语。
【点睛】
独立结构的特点之一就是分句和主句分别有自己的主语，即独立结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，比如本题的第一小题用的独立主格结构，独立主格结构的主语为her glasses，主句的主语为she。
31．living
32．devoted
33．wherever
34．whom
35．fascinating
36．operas
37．to have
38．in
【分析】
这是单句语法填空。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：我父母难以适应住在国外。adjust to. ..意为“适应于……”，其中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词，作宾语。故填living。
32．考查独立主格结构。句意：她所有的空闲时间都倾注在学习英语上，因此她没时间练习舞蹈。句中主谓宾结构完整，所填词要用非谓语动词，be devoted to“致力于……，倾注于……”。devote的逻辑主语为All her spare time，此处为“名词+动词-ed形式”构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语。故填devoted。
33．考查连词。句意：如果你只是选择抱怨和逃避磨难，那么无论你在哪里，它都会一直跟着你。前面为主句，后面是状语从句，表示“无论哪里”，要用从属连词wherever，故填wherever。
34．考查定语从句。句意：他正在讲关于雷锋的故事，我们每个人都为雷锋感到骄傲。前面为主句，后面是非限性定语从句，为介词加关系代词的结构。先行词Lei Feng，指人，关系代词作介词of的宾语，故填whom。
35．考查形容词。句意：这部小说的情节错综复杂，引人人胜。并列连词and连接的两个部分要对称平行，and前complex为形容词，所以其后也要用形容词，作表语，此处主语为物，故用ing结尾的形容词，意为“极有吸引力的”。故填fascinating。
36．考查名词复数。句意：在中国，京剧是最受人喜欢的剧目之一。opera为可数名词，one of + the+最高级+复数名词，意为“……之一”，所填名词要用复数形式。故填operas。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了是富饶的渔场，该地区还被认为拥有大量的石油和天然气。谓语动词be(is) believed后要跟动词不定式作其宾语。故填to have。
38．考查介词。句意：我昨晚看的戏包含有六个古典希腊悲剧风格的场景。in the style of “以某种风格”，是固定搭配。故填in。
【点睛】
fascinated 和fascinating的区别：
(1) fascinated 意为“入迷的，极感兴趣的”，它的主语通常是人。如：1 am fascinated by his ideas. 我对他的想法极感兴趣。
(2 )fascinating意为“迷人的，有极大吸引力的”，主语通常为物。如：I's fascinating to see how different people approach the problem. 看不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。
39．Curiously
40．has been
41．Struggling / Having been struggling
42．Intended
43．On
44．explanation
45．Confused
46．atractions
47．approaching
48．representing
49．wasn’t referring to you
50．in advance
51．crowding in / crowding in on her / crowding into her minds
52．Getting close to
53．it is no wonder that / no wonder
54．put us at ease
55．to circulate knowledge / circulating knowledge
56．defending our motherland against
57．in a whisper / whispers
58．slid into the classroom
【分析】
39．考查副词。句意：令人好奇的是，当讨论开始时，这个害羞的男孩变得异常活跃。该空修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填Curiously。
40．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，出国深造的学生人数一直在增加。以“Over the past decades”为时间状语，句子应用现在完成时态。“the number of students”意为“学生的数目”，做主语，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近我数学学得很吃力，不知道该怎么办。______ (struggle) with my Maths lately作状语，主语I和struggle之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填Struggling/Having been struggling。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书是为学龄前儿童准备的，很受欢迎。______ (intend) for preschool kids作状语。根据“be intended for（打算为……所用）”，主语the book和intend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填Intended。
43．考查介词。句意：有一次，我考试不及格，班主任把我叫到他的办公室，狠狠地训了我一顿。occasion常和on搭配，意为“某一次”。故填On。
44．考查名词。句意：她没有对迟到做出充分的解释，这使老师大为恼火。不定冠词后接单数可数名词。故填explanation。
45．考查形容词。句意：我对有机食品的种类感到困惑，不知该选什么好。______ (confused) about the varieties of organic food属于形容词作状语，该处表示“（人）感到困惑的”，应用形容词confused。故填Confused。
46．考查名词。句意：有这么多的景点，主题公园吸引了最多的国内外游客。many修饰可数名词复数。故填attractions。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：期中考试临近，学生们压力很大，都在为它做准备。The Mid-term examination ______ (approach)是独立主格，作状语。the Mid-term examination和approach是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填approaching。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：琳达代表我们学校参加了英语演讲比赛。______ (represent) our school是定语，主语Linda和represent之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填representing。
49．考查固定短语和时态。句意：我并不想伤害你；当我说“一个无聊的人”时，我并不是在指你。refer to sb.意为“指的是……”。且根据时间状语when I said “a boring man”.可知，该句应用过去进行时态。故填wasn’t referring to you。
50．考查固定短语。 句意：建议您提前订票，以保证有一个更好的座位。表“提前”，应用in advance。故填in advance。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：失望使她心碎，她独自坐在房间里，回忆涌上心头。表示“涌上心头”，可用crowd in/ crowd in on her / crowd into her minds。该空做状语，主语memories和crowd in之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填crowding in / crowding in on her / crowding into her minds。
52．考查动名词。句意：亲近大自然对孩子的身心都有好处。该空做主语，应用动名词。表示“接近……”，可用get close to。故填Getting close to。
53．考查固定句式。句意：花的美是令人陶醉的，难怪许多设计师和艺术家在他们的作品中使用花的图案。表“难怪”，应用（it is）no wonder（that）。其后接句子。故填it is no wonder that/no wonder。
54．考查固定短语。句意：在大多数情况下，一个关心的拥抱能让我们放松。put sb. at ease意为“使……安心”，the power后面接动词不定式作定语。故填put us at ease。
55．考查固定句式。句意：在贫困地区传播知识是值得的。It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.是固定句式，意为“做某事是值得的”。故填to circulate knowledge / circulating knowledge。
56．考查固定句式和固定短语。句意：没有什么能动摇我们的信念，阻止我们抵御敌人，保卫祖国。prevent sb. (from) doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”。defend sb. against sth.意为“保卫……免受……的伤害”。故填defending our motherland against。
57．考查固定短语。句意：为了不打扰睡着的婴儿，她和丈夫低声说话。in a whisper/in whispers意为“低语，耳语”，是固定短语。故填in a whisper/whispers。
58．考查时态。句意：为了不被抓住，他偷偷地从后门溜进了教室。结合句意，该句叙述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时态。故填slid into the classroom。
59． at movement
60．led
61． to amazing when
62． has crashed unfortunately why
63． awareness appreciation
64． more the greater will survive
65．where
66．measuring
67． awareness aware
68．happier
69．to survive
【解析】
59．考查介词及名词。句意：许多动物在一年中的某个时间从一个地方移动到另一个地方，这种运动被称为迁徙。分析句子可知，at certain times为固定搭配，意为“在特定的时间”，故填at。另外，第二个句子中缺少主语成分，因此可使用名词作主语，故填movement。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：由华盛顿大学埃利·施利泽曼教授领导的一个科学家小组已经找到了答案。分析句子可知，team与lead之间是逻辑上被动关系，因此可使用过去分词作后置定语。故填led。
61．考查介词短语、形容词和连词。句意：在黑脉金斑蝶陷入严重困难之际，人们终于揭开了它的惊人能力之谜。分析句子可知，a solution to为固定搭配，意为“...的解决办法/答案”。故填to。ability为名词，因此需使用形容词作定语对其进行修饰，-ing形容词常用来说明事物或人本身具有的特征，-ed形容词常用来描述人的感觉，故填amazing。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当…的时候”，故填when。
62．考查动词时态、副词及关系副词。句意：在过去几年里，其数量减少了90%，不幸的是，人类活动是其数量下降的主要原因。分析句子可知，in the last few years是指在过去的几年间，是始于过去一直持续到现在的时间段，因此需使用现在完成时。故填has crashed。修饰下文整个句子需要用副词形式，故填unfortunately。根据句子结构可知，该句为先行词为reason的定语从句，在从句中作状语需使用关系副词why，表示原因。故填why。
63．考查名词。句意：然而，对黑脉金斑蝶行为更好的理解，已经导致了人们对于这种生物有了更多的认识和欣赏。分析句子可知greater为形容词比较级，可修饰名词，且and连接两个词性相同的词，故填awareness和appreciation。
64．考查副词、形容词比较级及动词时态。句意：我们对这些微生物了解的越多，它们存活的机会就越大。分析句子可知，该句是the+比较级…the+比较级的句型结构，意为“越…，就越…”，故填 more和the greater。该句型中如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词要用一般将来时，故填will survive。
65．考查关系副词。句意：我们的处境是可能会损失很多钱。分析句子可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为position，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词。故填where。
66．考查独立主格结构。句意：这里非常潮湿，以至于树很高，一些甚至高达90米。分析句子可知，the trees are extremely tall是完整的句子，中间没有连词，说明后面是独立主格结构，some是逻辑主语，后面是非谓语动词作状语，measure后接数词，表示：长、宽、高是多少的时候，measure是不及物动词，和主语是主动关系，因此需使用现在分词。故填measuring。
67．考查名词和固定搭配。句意：现在我们必须提高公众的环保意识，因为我国很多人不知道我们生活的环境越来越差。分析句子可知，public为形容词，后需接名词，故填awareness。同时，be aware of为固定搭配，意为“意识到…；知道”故填aware。
68．考查形容词比较级。句意：我们在一起越多，我们就越快乐。分析句子可知，该句是the+比较级…the+比较级的固定句型，故填happier。
69．考查非谓语。句意：植物和动物，包括人都需要食物和水才能存活。分析句子可知，此处为不定式表目的，故填to survive。
【点睛】
ing形容词和ed形容词的区别：
一、用法不同
1、以后缀-ed结尾的形容词，如：ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。
2、以后缀-ing结尾的形容词，如：delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
二、对象不同
1、主语是人用ed的形容词。
2、主语是物用ing的形容词。
三、能否作定语不同
1、加ing的形容词能做定语。
2、加ed的形容词不能做定语，但能构成词组。
小题3中修饰指物的ability，故用amazing。
70．Buried
71．Addicted
72．Not knowing
73．Having been shown
74．being
75．Translated
76．Beaten
77．Written
78．Having suffered
79．being built
【分析】
本大题为单句语法，用所给短语的正确形式填空。做这种练习时，首先分析每个句子，根据具体的语境来判断缺少的部分在句子所做的成份确定其时态及语态，是谓语还是非谓语。更要注意的是有些是固定搭配和习惯用法，从而正确地完成本题。
70．考查动词-ed形式作状语。句意：那个男孩专心致志于小说中头也不抬，忘记了吃东西。分析句子可知，此句中的bury是修饰主语the boy，表示主语的状态。“be buried in…”为固定短语，意为“专心致志于……”，此处省略了主语the boy和be动词，完整句应为：As the boy was buried in the novel，应用动词-ed形式作原因状语，故填Buried。
71．考查动词-ed形式作状语。句意：由于沉溺于网络游戏，Alice几乎不去上班。此处是be addicted to的省略，逻辑主语是Alice，与主句主语是一致，可省略主语和系动词was，故应用动词-ed形式作原因状语。故填Addicted。
72．考查动词-ing形式作状语。句意：我不知道地址和任何信息，所以不能和他取得联系。主句主语I和know之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式作状语。根据句意可知，要用否定式，故填Not knowing。
73．考查非谓语动词。句意：参观完天安门广场，游客们被带去参观故宫博物馆。show sb. around意为“带领某人参观”。动词show与the tourists之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，并且这个动作在句子的谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，故用现在完成时的被动语态。故填Having been shown。
74．考查独立主格结构。句意：房价上涨很快。这种情况，我们拥有一幢自己的房子已很幸运。such is the case为固定用法，意为“情况就是这样”。分析句子可知，such与后面的主语we不一致，此时非谓语的逻辑主语such不能省略，此时表示一种状态，因此要用非谓语中的being the case，such being the case为独立主格结构。故填being。
75．考查动词-ed形式作状语。句意：这本书被译成三种外语，销路很好。动词translate与逻辑主语the book之间是被动关系，故应用动词形式作伴随状语。故填Translated。
76．考查动词-ed形式作状语。句意：虽然输了，孩子们并没有因为这个结果而泄气。Children是beat的逻辑主语，和beat之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故应用动词-ed形式作让步状语。故填Beaten。
77．考查动词-ed形式作状语。句意：因为写的匆忙，这篇文章构思得不好。分析句子结构可知，write与this composition之间为被动关系，故应用动词-ed形式作原因状语。故填Written。
78．考查非谓语动词。句意：因为患了心脏病多年，无论去哪儿怀特教授都不得不带着些药。Professor White与动词suffer之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，并且这个动作在句子的谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，所以用动词-ing形式的完成式。故填Having suffered。
79．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在正在建的那栋楼据说是为学生而不是为教师建的。由句中的now可知，此处表示动作正在进行，又因动词build与the building之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词-ing形式的被动形式。故填being built。
80．blowing bent to do
【分析】
本题考查with的复合结构，注意宾补的使用。
【详解】
（1）句意：看到天气晴朗，清风吹拂，我很高兴。with的宾语a fresh breeze与blow是之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填blowing。
（2）句意：她坐在椅子上，低着头思考一些事儿。with 的宾语her head与bend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 表示被动，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填bent。
（3）句意：我有很多工作要做，下星期我不能和你一起去旅行了。with的宾语a lot of work与do之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，而且此处表示动作还未发生，所以用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to do。
81．raised Praised broken Faced needed Tasting Seated Grown
【分析】
该题主要考查非谓语动词。
【详解】
①考查独立主格结构。句意：男孩坐在他的桌边，他的右手举着。空前是句子，空后内容和前面句子之间没有连词。所以his right hand ________________(raise)是独立主格结构。his right hand和raise之间是被动关系，表被动，需用过去分词，故填raised。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：受到老师的表扬，汤姆工作更努力了。________________ (praise) by his teacher是状语，主句主语Tom和praise之间是被动关系，表被动，应用过去分词，且该空位于句首，故填Praised。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：杯子落在地上，碎了。________________ (break)是状语。the cup和break之间是被动关系，表被动，应用过去分词，故填broken。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：面对着这种情形，他们既高兴又害怕。________________ (face) with this situation是状语，根据sb. be faced with sth.结构，该处应用过去分词作状语，且该空位于句首，故填Faced。
⑤考查省略。句意：年轻人应该到他们被需要的地方去工作。where引导地点状语从句，该从句补充完整为“where they are needed”。根据“主从句主语一致，从句中有系动词，可将从句的主语和系动词省略”这一原则，该从句省略之后为where needed，故该空填needed。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：尝起来很美味，这个店里的面包很快就卖光了。________________ (taste) delicious是状语，taste是系动词，系动词无被动，故该处应用现在分词，且该空位于句首，故填Tasting。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在桌边，我父亲和我在谈论我的工作。________________ (seat) at the table是状语，根据sb. be seated结构，该处应用过去分词作状语，且该空位于句首，故填Seated。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：种植在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子会长得很快。________________ (grow) in rich soil是状语，主语these seeds和grow之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，且该空位于句首，故填Grown。
【点睛】
分词作状语，主要判断主句主语和作状语的动词之间的逻辑关系，主动关系则用现在分词，被动关系则用过去分词。考生要准确把握涉及到的动词的词义和词性，不能只单纯看汉语意思。例如在第六小题中，taste表示“尝起来”是系动词，而系动词是没有被动的。所以该题用现在分词。taste表示“品尝”是及物动词。
82．Obviously
83．settled
84．steadily
85．satisfied
86．presenting
87．respond
88．stressful
89．determination
90．when
91．in
92．up
93．curiosity
94．lying
95．to sign
96．Frightened
97．will win
98．has made
99．was established
100．had been planted
101．to be
【解析】
82．考查副词。句意：显然，饮食和锻炼同样重要。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，再根据句意可知，obviously是obvious是副词形式，意为“明显地”，与题意相符，故填Obviously。
83．考查独立主格结构。句意：问题解决了，他们又高兴又放松。分析句子结构可知，with the problem+其他，构成独立主格结构，再根据句意可知，problem和settle之间是被动关系，settle这个动作已经完成，故用过去分词形式，表示被动、表过去，故填settled。
84．考查副词。句意：拥有手机的人数在稳步增长。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，再根据句意可知，steadily是steady的副词形式，意为“稳定地”，与题意相符，故填steadily。
85．考查形容词。句意：当他看到他儿子的作品时，他脸上露出了满意的微笑。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词，再根据句意可知，satisfied是satisfy的形容词，意为“满意的”，与题意相符，故填satisfied。
86．考查固定搭配。句意：他通常很难向别人表示歉意。根据句意可知，have difficulty (in) doing意为“做某事有苦难”，故填presenting。
87．考查虚拟语气。句意：要求全体成员尽快对此事作出反应。根据句意可知，it is required that是虚拟语气的句型，that主语从句后的时态用should+动词原形或只用动词原形，故填respond。
88．考查形容词。句意：搬到新家是一件很有压力的经历。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词，再根据句意可知，stressful是stress的形容词形式，意为“有压力的”，与题意相符，故填stressful。
89．考查名词。句意：他以勇气和决心与疾病作斗争。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词，再根据句意可知，determination是determine的形容词形式，意为“决心”，故填determination。
90．考查固定句型。句意：我正要放弃的时候，我的父亲来了，鼓励我继续前进。根据句意可知，be about to do…when….是固定句型，意为“正要……的时候，……”，故填when。
91．考查固定搭配。句意：她强烈反对改进计划，而她的同事们却赞成。根据句意可知，in favour of是固定搭配，意为“赞成”，故填in。
92．考查固定搭配。句意：我知道你很忙，但我不想占用你太多的时间。根据句意可知，take up意为“占据（时间、金钱）”，故填up。
93．考查名词。句意：这封信不是写给我的，但我出于好奇把它拆开了。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词，再根据句意可知，curiosity是curious的名词形式，意为“好奇心”，out of curiosity意为“出于好奇心”，故填curiosity。
94．考查非谓语动词。句意：躺在草地上的男孩对他母亲撒谎说他已经完成了作业。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再结合句意可知，lie和the boy之间是主动关系，故用现在分词做后置定语，故填lying。
95．考查固定搭配。句意：他被迫签署了这份不公平的协议。根据句意可知，be forced to do是固定搭配，意为“被迫做某事”，故填to sign。
96．考查非谓语动词。句意：被森林大火吓坏了，动物们都跑开了。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再结合句意可知，frighten是fright的动词形式，且和其逻辑主语the animals是被动关系，故用过去分词做原因状语，故填Frightened。
97．考查时态。句意：如果他答应帮助我们，我们将赢得这场足球赛。分析句子结构可知，从句时态是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故填will win。
98．考查时态。句意：作者在过去的几年里取得了巨大的成就。根据句意可知，in the past few years做时间状语，故此处用现在完成时，表示对现在造成的影响，故填has made。
99．考查被动语态。句意：这座城市是德国移民在19世纪40年代建立的。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，再根据句意可知，the city和establish之间是被动关系，时间状语是in the 1840s，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was established。
100．考查被动语态。句意：到去年年底，这个地区已种了三千多棵树。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，再根据句意可知，trees和plant之间是被动关系，时间状语是by the end of last year，所以此处用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been planted。
101．考查固定搭配。句意：我们都喜欢在面对困难时假装坚强。根据句意可知，pretend to do意为“假装做某事”，故填to be。
【点睛】
with 复合结构，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做时间、伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。常见形式有：
with + 名词 (或代词) + 现在分词，表示现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
with + 名词 (或代词) + 过去分词，表示过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
with + 名词 (或代词) + 动词不定式，表示不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
with + 名词 (或代词) + 形容词，表示前面的名词或代词所处的状态。
with + 名词 (或代词) + 介词短语，表示前面的名词或代词所处的地点。
with + 名词 (或代词) + 副词，表示前面的名词或代词所处的状态。
102．decorations
103．breaking
104．What
105．considerate
106．that
107．who
108．on
109．to be given
110．so
111．continuing
【分析】
本题要求根据语法填空。
102．考查名词复数。句意：我爸爸为圣诞节买了一棵有漂亮装饰物的圣诞树。空处作介词with的宾语，故用名词形式，且decoration在表示“装饰物”时常用复数，故填decorations。
103．考查非谓语动词。句意：这位司机承认违反交通规则了吗？动词admit后接动词-ing形式作宾语，构成"admit doing sth. "，而且与主语是主谓关系，故填breaking。
104．考查主语从句。句意：父母们给他们孩子提供的是爱和关心。is 前的句子是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填What。
105．考查形容词。句意：你能让我们提前了解变化，你想的很周到的。本句使用了"It is +形容词+of sb.to do sth.”句式，空处作表语，修饰人，说明句中逻辑主语you的情况，意为“体贴的”，故填其相应的形容词形式considerate。
106．考查强调句。句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。本句是强调句型"It was +被强调的部分+that+剩余的部分"，此处强调时间状语从句when I got back to my apartment。故 填 that 。
107．考查定语从句。句意：反对这个计划的人们请举起手。分析句子结构可知，" are against the plan" 是定语从句，先行词是Those（那些人），且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
108．考查介词。句意：这个小女孩非常热爱跳舞，她每周日都去上舞蹈课。be keen on意为“ .对……着迷/有兴趣”。故填on。
109．考查非谓语动词。句意：调查发现，蓝领以及体力劳动者更不太可能因工作出色而得到认可。be likely to do sth.为固定用法，且不定式的逻辑主语those 与give 之间是被动关系，所以用被动形式。故填to be given。
110．考查倒装句。句意：吸烟对我们的健康有害，对于环境也有害。当表示前面肯定的情况也适用于后面时，要用"so +情态动词+主语“表示”……也……"。故填 so 。
111．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着世界人口的持续增长，我们对能源的需求也在增加。population 与continue之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词-ing形式，构成"with +n. +doing"结构，表示主动或正在进行的动作。故 填 continuing。

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