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Extended reading
Of friendship
As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement. However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. Social life is also important to us.
reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映
* reflect vt. 反映;反射(声、光、热等)
→reflection n. 映像;反映
→reflective adj. 能反光的；沉思的，深思的；体现......的
归纳拓展 reflect on/upon 仔细考虑,思考,反省 reflection n. 反射;反映;思考,沉思 on reflection 仔细想来,经过慎重考虑 without reflection不假思索 be lost in reflection陷入深思中 reflective adj. 反射的;反映的;沉思的 自测默写
【即时训练】
I. 语境串词
The reason why he is lost in __________ is that he is __________ (reflect) on the problems __________ in the list. (reflect)
【参考答案】reflection; reflecting; reflected
II. 单句语法填空
1. (2019全国卷III) But that changed when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced __________ (reflect) sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below.
2. (2019江苏卷) A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ (reflect) man’s intelligence and creativity.
3. (2018全国卷I) All riders are equipped with __________ (reflect) vests and safety lights.
4. (2017天津卷) The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections __________ a particular life experience
【参考答案】 1. to reflect　2. reflecting 3. reflective 4. on/upon
导致，造成（后果）；通向；通往
lead to sth./some place导致某事/通向某地
lead to sb./sb.’s doing sth.导致某人做某事
lead sb. to sth.使得出(观点);引导某人……
lead sb. to do sth.带领某人做某事;导致某人做某事
【温馨贴士】表示“导致”的短语还有:result in; bring about; give rise to; contribute to
【即时训练】
I.语境串词
With him 　　　　(带路), we got there without any difficulty. But for him, we would have been lost, which would 　　　　(导致) serious consequences.
II．用所给词的恰当形式填空
（1）Look over there—there is a very long, winding path 　　　　(lead) up to the house.
（2）The convenience even leads fewer people 　　　　(take) public transport.
（3）The discovery of new evidence led to the thief‘s 　　　　(catch).
（4）（2019年全国卷I）It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy　　　　(adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.
【参考答案】 I. leading the way; lead to II.(1) leading　(2) to take　(3) being caught　(4) adjustment
seek vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找
seek to do sth. 试图做某事；努力做某事
seek out 找到；寻出
seek for 找寻；寻求
seek after 追求；寻求
seek one’s fortune 外出寻找发财的机会
（1）seek (for) sth./sb. 寻找某物/某人
seek after/for 追求;寻求;探索
seek sth. from sb. 向某人请求、寻求某事
（2）seek to do sth. 尝试/试图做某事
（3）seek out 挑选出;物色;找出
（4）seek one’s fortune 外出闯世界;寻找成功致富之路
（5）seeker n. 寻找者;探索者
【即时训练】
语境串词
他是一位总想寻找成功致富之路的人。去年，他试图办一家公司。我们建议他应该向律师寻求这方面的意见。
He is a man who always wants to 　　　　　　　　, Last year, he 　　　　　　　　start a company. We suggested that he the professional lawyer on this matter.
我们应该实事求是。追逐梦想并没有错，但我们要挑选合适的目标
We should 　　　　　　　　fact；It’s not wrong to 　　　　　　　　, but we are supposed to　　　　　　　　 appropriate aims.
【参考答案】(1) seek his forune; sought to; (should) seek advice from (2) seek truth from; seek our dreams; seek out
4.vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，逃脱
(1)escape from 从……逃脱/逃跑
escape＋n./doing sth. 避开(做)某事
escape one’s attention 逃过某人的注意
(2)a narrow escape 九死一生
注意：下面两个短语的区别：
escape from prison 越狱 escape prison 逃过牢狱之灾
归纳拓展 sth. escapes sb.某事逃过某人的注意、记忆,某人不记得某事 escape one’s notice/attention被某人忽视,某人没有注意到 escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事 escape from (out of)从……逃脱 make one’s escape 逃跑 have a narrow escape九死一生,死里逃生 flee-fled-fled逃脱 自测默写
【即时训练】
I. 单句语法填空
1. (新概念英语第4册) To escape __________ the Earth in a rocket, one must travel at seven miles per second.
2. The driver narrowly escaped __________ (kill) in the traffic accident.
【参考答案】 1. from　2. being killed
II. 句型转换
1. For some reason which I forget, we had to take a taxi.
For some reason which __________ __________, we had to take a taxi.
2. His handwriting was so beautiful that I didn’t pay attention to several spelling mistakes in his composition.
His handwriting was so beautiful that several spelling mistakes in his composition __________ __________ __________.
【参考答案】1. escapes me 2. escaped my attention
More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel.
As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser and more satisfied humans.
5.n.优势；益处；成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
(1)be of benefit to... 对……有益的 for the benefit of... 为了……的利益 (2)benefit from... 从……中受益 benefit sb. 使某人获益 (3)beneficial adj. 有益的 be beneficial to... 对……有益
归纳拓展 benefit from从……中获益 be of benefit to...对……有益 for one’s benefit/for the benefit of sb. 为了帮助某人;为了某人的利益 beneficial adj. 有益的 be beneficial to对……有益 自测默写
【即时训练】
I. 语境填词
The suggestions from your teacher is surely of great __________, from which you will __________ a lot. If I were you, I would follow whatever is __________ to my growth. (benefit)
【参考答案】benefit; benefit; beneficial
II. 单句语法填空
1. (2019天津卷) The author benefited __________ his experience in the debate club.
2. It is __________ (benefit) to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.
3. (2019北京卷) The students __________ (benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources.
【参考答案】 1. from　2. beneficial　3. benefiting
vt. 安慰；抚慰 n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物;；舒服；安逸
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的,不自在的
→discomfort n. 不适
→【反】comfortable adj. 舒服的,自在的
→comfort vt. 安慰 n. 安慰;舒适
in comfort 舒适地
give comfort to sb. 安慰某人
a great comfort to sb. 对某人来讲是莫大的安慰
It is/was a comfort to do sth. 做...是件令人安慰的事。
(2)comfortable uncomfortable comfortably
The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure. Here, friendship has a double advantage—happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! Naturally, this kind of openness results from a close friendship. With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness in full measure. We know that our friends will both respect our feelings and treasure these moments of closeness. Indeed, the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection.
n.失败；失败的人(或事) ；未履行;故障
(1)a failure 一个失败的人/一件失败的事 (2) fail vi.&vt. 失败；不及格；(健康、视力、记忆力)衰退 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 fail in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事中失败
engine/crop failure 发动机故障/庄稼歉收
end in failure以失败结束
fail v. 失败;忘记、忽视或未能(做某事)
fail to do 未能做或忘记做
fail (in) sth. 在某事中失败
failure作“失败”讲时,用作不可数名词;作“失败的人/事”讲时,用作可数名词。类似的词还有
a success 一个/件成功的人/事
an honour 一个/件引以为荣的人/事
a beauty 一个美人
a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事
a difficulty 一件困难的事
a pleasure 一件令人愉快的事
【即时训练】
写出下列句中fail的汉语意思
(1) If you don’t work hard, you may fail. 　　　
(2) He failed his driving test. 　　　
(3) He never fails to write to his mother every week. 　　　
(4) The crops failed because of drought. 　　　
(5) My uncle s kidneys failed two days after the operation. 　　　
【参考答案】 (1) 失败　(2) 不及格　(3) 忘记　(4) 歉收　(5) 衰竭
8.呈现，具有(特征、外观等)；雇用
take to喜欢上;适应;养成……的习惯
take in吸收;接纳;欺骗
take on呈现;雇用;承担
take off(飞机)起飞;突然开始成功;开始走红;脱(衣服等);休假
take up占据;开始从事;接受（建议或挑战）
take apart拆开
【即时训练】
语境串词
选用take短语合适的形式填空
We 　　　　　　　　by his innocent, boyish looks. It was investigated that he 　　　　　　　　his father’s company last year. Since then, the company 　　　　　　　　. he can perfectly balance his work and entertainment. For example, he 　　　　　　　　going to the gym after work. In a word, he is a determined man who is willing to 　　　　　　　　 any challenge.
【参考答案】were taken in; took over; has taken off; takes to; take up
II．用take的适当形式填空
（1）(2019天津卷)The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed __________ out of the reading room”.
（2）(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph
【参考答案】（1）to be taken （2）taken
9.n.时光，时机；瞬间；某个时刻
at the moment 现在 at that moment 在那时 for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 in a moment 马上 from that moment on 从那时起 the moment＋从句　 一……就……
The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends. We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
10.vt.承认；意识到；认出，辨别出
(1)recognize one’s voice 辨别出某人的声音 recognize sb. as/to be... 承认某人是…… It is recognized that... 人们公认…… (2)recognition n. 承认；认出
recognize vt. 认识，辨认出
→ recognition n. 识别；承认；认出
be recognized as被公认为……
It is recognized that...人们公认……
out of/beyond recognition认不出来
【即时训练】
Ⅰ. 语境串词
It’s that celebrities have little privacy. To avoid 　　　　 in public, they always wear dark glasses. Their life is somewhat mysterious, which is beyond ___________.(recognize)
【参考答案】 recognized; being recognized/recognition; recognition
II.完成句子
（2019全国I卷）在19个公认的北极熊亚种群中，3个在下降，6个较稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。
Of the nineteen __________polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
　【参考答案】 recognized
As a result, if we are guided only by our own feelings, our judgements might be one-sided. On the other hand, our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make. Also, when we want to talk our problems over with a friend, we have to put our thoughts into words first.
This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems.
The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways. Sometimes a friend is even known as our “second self”. There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends.
Friends may have many different ideas and skills. They can help us achieve what we want during life and, perhaps, even after death.
Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed. In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our trusted friends.
n.陪伴，作伴；公司
(1) set up a company 开办公司 (2) for company 作伴；陪伴 in the company of 和……在一起 in company with 与……一起 keep pany 陪伴某人
* accompany vt. 陪伴；陪同；伴随；为……伴奏
→accompanist n. 伴奏者
→companion n. 伙伴
→company n. 公司；陪伴
accompany sb. to sp 陪伴某人去某地 accompany sb. at/on 为……伴奏 be accompanied by 由……陪同 company n. [U] 陪伴，做伴　[C] 公司 keep pany 陪伴某人 in company with 与……一起 companion n. 伙伴 自测默写
【温馨贴士】
(1)accompany是及物动词，不要在其后误加介词with。但是，用于被动语态的accompany后可接介词with或by。
(2)accompany习惯上不接不定式的复合结构作宾语，而是接to sp.，如： He accompanied her to the station.
【即时训练】
I. 语境串词
(1)Luo Jiaying and Wang Mingquan are each other's good life _________. They have kept each other _______ through the hardest times. They are now living a happy life. Look! Wang is singing sweetly, with Luo ____________ her on the piano.(company)
II. 语法填空
(2)　　　　(accompany) with wind, the rain poured for a whole day.
(3) 　　　　(accompany) him for a week, she decided not to leave any longer.
(4)At the concert, she accompanied the singer 　　　　the piano.
【参考答案】(1)companion company accompanying (2)Accompanied　(3)Having accompanied　(4)on/at　
12.n.一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌
(1)a crowd of/crowds of 一群，众多 (2)be crowded with 挤满…… crowd around/round 聚集在……周围 crowd into 涌入，挤进…… (3)crowded adj. 拥挤的
13.vt.钦佩；欣赏
(1) admire...for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩、羡慕…… (2)admiring adj. 赞赏的；羡慕的 (3)admirable adj. 可钦佩的；值得赞赏的 (4)admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕 in/with admiration 钦佩地
(Adapted from “Of Friendship”, an essay written by Francis Bacon, a great English writer, scientist and philosopher)
1. As we live in social groups，there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
(1) As we live in social groups为as引导的原因状语从句，as在此表示“因为，由于”。 (2)as作从属连词的其他用法总结： ①引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候；随着……；一边……一边……”。 ②引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，如，像”。 ③引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。 ④引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样地”。
2. We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth. ”中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。能用于本句型的动词除了find，还有feel，make，think，consider等。
3. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed.
本句存在并列句的省略现象，and连接的两个分句结构相同，谓语部分都有should be，那么可以省略第二个分句中的should be。 My office is on the ground floor and hers ( ) on the first. (省略is) Reading means a full man, conference ( ) a ready man ,and writing () an exact man.(省略means) You must stop, and ( ) at once this sort of behavior. (省略you must stop) They attempted to escape, but ( ) in vain. (省略they attempted）

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