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(共21张PPT)
阅读理解题型分类解析
阅读理解 (Passage Reading) 部分采用多项选择题的形式进行考查。
三篇文章，每篇长度为 300 词左右。每个篇章后有 若干 个问题，共 10 题。考生根据对篇章的理解，从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案。
文章选取：命题的材料均选自英文原版材料，包括报刊、杂志、书籍、学术期刊等。选材的原则是：
1）题材广泛，包括人文科学、社会科学、自然科学等领域，但所涉及 的背景知识应为学生所了解或已在文章中提供；
2）体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等；阅读篇章难度适中。
阅读理解考情介绍
题型分布
阅读理解——主旨大意题
课程内容
1
题型特点
2
设问方式及选项特点
3
解题技巧
4
实战练习
考点一： 主旨大意题
阅读理解解题技巧
主旨题常考类型：① 概括中心思想（main idea/mianly）
② 判断文章标题或主题（topic/theme/best title）
考察重点：考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。
考点一： 主旨大意题
阅读理解解题技巧
1) 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式
The main idea of the passage is …
The passage is mainly about …
What is the passage mainly about
2) 标题/主题类主旨大意题
What is the best title for the text
The best title for the passage might be …
考点一： 主旨大意题
阅读理解解题技巧
解题技巧：
①“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法即，寻找或归纳主题句。 ② 主题句往往出现在段首、段尾以及中间各段的第一句 ③ 第一段的主题句往往概括文章主题
④ 最后一段的主题句往往总结全文
正确选项特点: ① 较为概括，不包含过多细节信息
② 不包含过于绝对的词, 如, must, absolutely, definitely 等.
③ 含有高频核心词
考点一： 主旨大意题
阅读理解解题技巧
① 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
② 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容， 或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
③ 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
④ 无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
In 1986, I watched my first soccer match on my parents’ big box television. I was six, and ever since then, I have dreamed of attending the World Cup.
...
What I love about the World Cup is that it provides a chance for people to learn about other countries and cultures. People learn about the countries of the teams they support and about their opponents’ history and culture. Soccer is a game that not only gives people the chance to learn about each other but also has the potential to unite people.
Sports can be a dividing force, but the true spirit of sports is about unity and fun. The matches at this World Cup have been exactly that so far, and I hope it remains so.
7. What is mainly conveyed in the passage
A. Fans’ support counts in sports. B. The World Cup is worth attending.
C. Sports bring the world together. D. Sports are about cultural exchange.
In 1986, I watched my first soccer match on my parents’ big box television. I was six, and ever since then, I have dreamed of attending the World Cup.
...
What I love about the World Cup is that it provides a chance for people to learn about other countries and cultures. People learn about the countries of the teams they support and about their opponents’ history and culture. Soccer is a game that not only gives people the chance to learn about each other but also has the potential to unite people.
Sports can be a dividing force, but the true spirit of sports is about unity and fun. The matches at this World Cup have been exactly that so far, and I hope it remains so.
7. What is mainly conveyed in the passage
A. Fans’ support counts in sports. B. The World Cup is worth attending.
C. Sports bring the world together. D. Sports are about cultural exchange.
C
Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive(互相排斥)career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging(再现)among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
...
Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with-hopefully-really interesting things to say and to share.（2023届浙江省温州市普通高中高三下学期第二次适应性考试英语试题）
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Scientists Take on Poetry
B. Scientists and Poets Think Alike
C. Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World
D. Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue
Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive(互相排斥)career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging(再现)among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
...
Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with-hopefully-really interesting things to say and to share.（2023届浙江省温州市普通高中高三下学期第二次适应性考试英语试题）
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Scientists Take on Poetry
B. Scientists and Poets Think Alike
C. Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World
D. Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue
B
Kenya has been at the forefront (前沿) of the global war on plastic since the government banned single-use plastics in protected areas in June 2020. Unfortunately, the preventive measures have barely received attention. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unsightly plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colorful bricks.
…
Matee is not nearly done. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, the more we created more employment for the youth.”（2023届浙江省杭州市高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）英语试题）
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Kenya: Pioneer in Banning Plastic Single-use Plastics
B. Nzambi Matee: Innovator in Solving Plastic Waste
C. Mix of Plastic Products: A New Construction Material
D. Plastic Recycling: A Creative Solution to Pollution
Kenya has been at the forefront (前沿) of the global war on plastic since the government banned single-use plastics in protected areas in June 2020. Unfortunately, the preventive measures have barely received attention. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unsightly plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colorful bricks.
…
Matee is not nearly done. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, the more we created more employment for the youth.”（2023届浙江省杭州市高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）英语试题）
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Kenya: Pioneer in Banning Plastic Single-use Plastics
B. Nzambi Matee: Innovator in Solving Plastic Waste
C. Mix of Plastic Products: A New Construction Material
D. Plastic Recycling: A Creative Solution to Pollution
A
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
......
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups. （2022年浙江卷）
10 Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
......
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups. （2022年浙江卷）
10 Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
C
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence（毅力）, a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.（2020年浙江卷）
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence（毅力）, a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.（2020年浙江卷）
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance
C
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
.....
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.（2021年浙江卷）
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Let Children Have Fun
B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children
D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
.....
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.（2021年浙江卷）
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Let Children Have Fun
B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children
D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
C

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