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Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.
重难点攻略
一、知识点讲解
1.these days 目前、现在
2.regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着
3.regard...as… 把……视为……
4.so far 迄今、到现在为止
5.in need 需要
6.not.. anymore=not any longer 不再
7.welcome to 欢迎来到
8.check out 察看、观察
9.board games 棋类游戏
10.one last thing 最后一样东西
11.junior high school 初级中学
12.clear out 清理、收拾
13.no longer 不再、不复
14.toy monkey 玩具猴
15.part with 与……分开
16.to be honest 说实在的
17.ride a bike 骑自行车
18.have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
19.one's old things 某人的旧东西
20.bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆
21.give away 捐赠
22.play for a while 玩一会儿
23.do with... 处置、处理
24.search for work 找工作
25.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里
26.the mid-20th century 20世纪中期
27.stay the same 保持原状
28.according to 依据、按照
29.in one's opinion 依…看
30.in my time 在我那个年代
31.have a yard sale 举行庭院拍卖会
32.check out 察看、观察
33.a bit 一点儿
34.a bread maker 面包机
35.grow up 长大
36.no longer 不再
37.at first 起初
38.for example 例如
39.a train and railway station 一套火车和铁路轨道的玩具
40.as for 至于、关于
41.give up doing 放弃做……
42.on weekends 在周末
43.at least 至少
44. once or twice a year 一年一到两次
45. millions of 数以百万计的
46. search for 寻找
47.across from 在……对面
48. raise money 筹钱
49.in order to 为了
50. during the summer vacation 在暑假期间
51.primary school 小学
52. seem to do sth. 似乎做某事
53. play with sb. 和某人玩
54. more understanding 更理解
55. sweet memory 甜蜜的记忆
56. the Sunshine Home for Children阳光儿童家园
57. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
58. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
59. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
60.be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
61.be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
62.need to do sth. 需要做某事
63. It is +adj. (+for sb.或ofsb.) +to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是……
64. want to do sth. 想要做某事
65. love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
66. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
67. have been in + 地点 在某处待了多久
68. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
69. one of + the + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最……之一
70. used to do sth. 过去常做某事
71. need to do sth. 需要做某事
1. have been in +地点 在某地待了多久
have been + here/there/home 在这、那、家待了多久
例：I have been in Beijing for 15 years.
She has been here for 2 days
2. It's +adj +(for sb.)+to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是……的
例：It's boring for me to watch TV.
对我来说看电视是无聊的。
3. How long have you... 你……多久了？
例：How long have you had that bike over there
那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了？
How long have you kept the book from the library
你从图书馆借这本书多久了？
4. sb. has/have done sth. for... 某人做某事长达多久
例：Amy has had her favorite book for three years.
艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。
5. sb. has/have done sth. since...某人做某事从……开始
例：He's owned it since his fourth birthday.
自他4岁生日起他拥有这个东西了。
6. Some… Others...一些….另一些…
例：Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.
有些人仍然住在家乡。然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
7. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but to be honest, I have not played for a while now.
至于我，不想放弃我的足球衣。但是，说实在的，我现在已经有一段时间没有踢(足球)了。
8.Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things
你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会？
9. -- How long have you had that bike there
-- I have had it for three years.
How long have you had the …
I have had …for +数字+years./since +数字years ago.
辨析how long, how soon, how often, how far
1) How long 多久, 多长(时间)。对时间段提问, 如: for+时间段；since+过去的时间点。
例：--How long have you worked in Beijing
--For five years.
2) How soon多久以后。对“in+时间段提问, 常用于一般将来时”, 其答语常用“in+时间段”。
例：--How soon will Mr. Li be back
--In a week.
3) How often 多久一次, 对频率提问, 其答语为: once (twice/…)+时间段, often，always, usually，sometimes 等。
例：--How often do you exercise
--Once a day.
4） How far 多远，对距离提问，其答语是表距离的内容。
例：--How far is it from here to your school
--Three kilometers.
辨析for与since
1）for其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态，表示动作或状态持续时间段长短。
例：I have lived in this city for five years.
我在这座城市居住了5年了。
He usually sleeps for twelve hours every day.
他通常每天睡12个小时。
2）since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（过去时），也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型：“It is +时间段+since+一般过去时的句子, 表示过去某个时间发生并持续到说话时的动作或状态。
例：It is two years since I came to China.
自从我到中国以来已经两年了。
She has worked here for five years.
=She has worked here since five years ago.
她在这儿工作5年了。
10. sale用作名词，意为“出售，销售”。
on sale意为“出售，上市”；
for sale 意为“待售，供出售”，尤指从主人手里出售。
例：Chickens are on sale in the market.
小鸡在市场上出售。
I'm sorry, it's not for sale.
抱歉，它不出售。
11. It's +adj. (+for sb.) to do sth.意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”，it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式。
例：It's important for us to learn English well.
学好英语对于我们来说是很重要的。
12. memory 作名词意为“记忆；回忆”，复数形式为memories，动词为memorize，意为“记忆，背诵”。
例：She has a good memory.
她记忆力好。
13. a couple of 表示具体的数量“两个”，指两个相同的人或物体；表示数量不定的“少数几个”，作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视上下文和具体的语境而决定。
例：You have to wait for a couple of hours for the clothes to dry completely.
你得等上一两个小时让这些衣服完全晾干。
14. a bit 意为“一点儿, 稍微”, 修饰形容词或副词, 相当于a little，a little bit; a bit of +不可数名词, a little直接加不可数名词。
例：There is a bit of/a little water in the bottle.
瓶子里有点儿水。
not a bit =not at all 意为“一点也不”not a little =very 意为“非常”
She is not a bit happy.
她一点儿也不快乐。
He is not a little tired.
=He is very tired.
他非常累。
15. check 用作及物动词, 意为“检查, 审查”; check out 意为“察看，观察”。check还可用作名词，意为“支票, 账单”。
例：If you finish it, check it by yourself first.
如果你完成了，就自己先检查一下。
Check out all the books for children.
察看一下所有的儿童书籍。
16.Because I don't read it anymore.
anymore也可写作any more, 常用于否定句末尾,表示“再也(不); (不)再”。相当于not…any longer。
例：You can have it, for I don’t need it anymore.
The doctor told me not to play computer games anymore.
17. clear v. 清理；清除clear out 清理；丢掉
例：I'll clear out that closet for you.
我要替你把那个小衣橱清理出来。
18. no longer意为“不再；不复”，有时可用not …any longer或not … anymore
替换。
例：他不再住这儿了。
He no longer lives here.
(= He doesn’t live here anymore/any longer.)
18. 1) certain adj. 意为“某种；某事；某人”。
例：He decided to sell his certain books.
他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。
certain形容词，意为“确实的，无疑的”。
常用结构：be certain to do sth.
肯定要做某事be certain of/about sth. 对某事确定、有把握
be certain of doing sth.有把握做某事
be certain +从句 一定……
例：He felt quite certain of success.
他对成功很有把握。
2) part with 放弃、交出，
part v. 离开, 分开
例：Don't part with your dream.
不要放弃你的梦想。
19. 1) as for 至于，关于
例：And as for us, we are lucky.
可对我们来说，我们是幸运的。
2) to be honest意为“说实在的，说实话”，经常单独使用，作插入语，用逗号与句子隔开。类似的表达还有to tell the truth “老实说，说实话”。
3) while n. 一段时间，一会儿
while还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
例：They chattered away happily for a while.
他们高兴地闲扯了一会儿。
He kept in touch with us while he was on vacation.
他在度假期间仍与我们保持联系。
20. search作不及物动词时，意为“搜索；搜查”。
短语search for意为“搜寻，找寻”。
例：He is searching for his sunglasses.
他正在找他的太阳镜。
作及物动词，意为“在……搜查”或“搜查”。
例：They searched the forest for the lost child.
他们在森林里寻找那个走失的小孩。
21. 1）辨析among与between
among prep. 在三者或三者以上之间
例：Tom sits among the students.
汤姆坐在学生之间。
between prep. 在两者之间
例：Tom sits between Mary and Frank.
汤姆坐在玛丽和弗兰克之间。
2）复合形容词
a 46-year-old husband and father意为“一位46岁的丈夫和父亲”，相当于a husband and father of 46 years old。
four-year-old是一个复合形容词，特点“一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数形式”
例：Tom is a 10-year-old boy.= Tom is a boy of 10 years old.
汤姆是一个10岁的男孩。
Lily is an 8-year-old girl.
莉莉是一个8岁的女孩。
另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是：数词+连字符+名词，或数词+名词的所有格。
例：a two-month holiday
= a two months' holiday
一个为期两个月的假期。
ten-minute walk/drive/ride
=ten minutes' walk/drive/ride
步行/开车/骑车10分钟的路程
22. shame不可数名词，意为“羞耻；羞愧；惭愧”与a连用，表示“可耻的人或事；可惜（遗憾）的事”。
例：He felt no shame for what he had done.
他不对自己所做过的事感到羞愧。
It's a shame (that) you can't stay for dinner.
你不能留下来吃晚饭，真遗憾。
相关短语：
to one's shame 令人感到羞愧的是
feel shame at …因……而感到羞愧
in shame 羞愧地
have no shame无羞耻心
23. regard及物动词，意为“将…… 认为；把……视为……”。
常用短语regard…as…意为“将……视为……；把……当做……”，as为介词，其后接名词或代词。
例：I regard you as my best friend.
我把你当做我最好的朋友。
We regard him as our brother.
我们把他当成兄弟看待。
24. century可数名词，意为“世纪；百年”，其复数形式为centuries。
例：the mid-20th century 20世纪中期
eighteenth-century writer 18世纪的作家
A hundred years is a century. 一百年是一个世纪。
25. According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.
according to意为“依照，按照”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或从句。
例：He divided them into three groups according to age.
他把他们按年龄分成三组。
26. especially副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”，在句中作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。形容词especial“特别的，特殊的”。
例：Flowers are always welcomed, especially in winter.
鲜花总是受到欢迎，尤其是冬天。
27. consider动词，意为“考虑”，=think about，后跟名词，代词，动名词，宾语从句或“疑问词+不定式”。
例：Please consider my suggestion.
请考虑我的建议。
I am considering changing my job.
我正在考虑换份工作。
He has never considered how to solve the problem.
他从未考虑过如何解决那个问题。
28. in my opinion
in one's opinion=in the opinion of sb.意为“依……看”。
例：In my opinion, it's best to make some cards for our teachers.
依我看，最好给我们的老师做些卡片。
29. hold及物动词，意为“拥有；抓住”，过去式和过去分词均为held。
例：He holds a major share in the company.
他持有该公司的大部分股份。
He is holding a book in her hand.
她手里正拿着一本书。
hold用作及物动词，还可意为“举行；主持”，相当于have
例：They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow.
他们明天会举行一场会议讨论这个问题。
二、语法讲解
现在完成时
表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for+时间段”、“since+过去时间点”、“since+过去时的从句”、“since+一段时间+ago”。且for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。
例：My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.
= My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago.
I'e lived here since 1990.
自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
I haven't seen him for three years.
我三年没有看见他了。
She's been at this school since five years ago.
自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。
含有for，since的现在完成时的用法歌诀：
过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，for、since 把时间带。
句中动词的特点
此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的，动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)。
1. 这本书我买了5年了。
I have bought the book for five years. ( 错 )
I've had the book for five years. ( 对 )
2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了？
How long has your brother joined the army ( 错 )
How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier ( 对 )
非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换
1. 转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。
borrow — keep
buy — have
put on — wear
catch a cold — have a cold
get to know — know
get to sleep — sleep
2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”
begin / start — be on
go out — be out
close — be closed
open —be open
get to/arrive/reach — be (in)
die — be dead
leave — be away
finish — be over
fall sleep — be asleep
join — be in/be a member of
become — be
make friends — be friends
come/go/ — be + 相应的介词短语
return—be back
marry—be married
备考满分练
一、单选题
1.—Did you find the way to the new library
—Sure. Mr. White gave me very _______ directions.
A. clear B. private C. creative D. common
2.—Will you keep these old toys
—Of course. They hold the sweetest ________ about my childhood.
A. gold B. silence C. research D. memories
3.—Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to the post office
—Look out of the window of our shop. Can you see it It is just ________ our shop.
A.opposite B.above C.below D.along
4.Since we began to use the Internet, our lives _____ a lot.
A.change B.had changed C.will change D.have changed
5.—It has been much easier for me to go to work ________ shared bikes appeared.
—But they also cause plenty of problems.
A. since B. before C. unless D. though
6.Our teachers have been with us for nearly three years ________ we came to junior high school. We should thank them for what they have done for us.
A.until B.before C.since D.when
7.—I'm sorry for being late.
—Never mind. The meeting ________ for only 5 minutes. This way, please.
A.has started B.has been over C.has ended D.has been on
8.The air pollution in the small town is getting worse. People have to wear thick masks almost every day.
_______!
A. What a shame B. What shame C. What a surprise D. What surprise
9.Don't tell a lie. You are ____ honest boy.
A.a B. an C. the D. /
10.—_____, there must be life on other planets though none has been discovered.
—I agree with you. The universe is so large after all.
A. To my surprise
B. To be honest
C. In my opinion
D. Again and again
二、填空题
11.The medicine should be taken (two) a day after meals, George.
12.I've ( search ) my memory but can't remember his name.
13.So far 50 people ( die ) in the fighting.
14.Millions of flowers color the valleys, (especial) in April.
15. (accord) to his plan, his plane should have taken off at 7:00.
三、句型转换
16.The young man has been in the army for four years.(改为同义句）
The young man the army four years .
17.People built the library ten years ago over there.(改为同义句）
The library over there for ten years.
18.There is a zoo behind the park.(改为一般疑问句）
a zoo behind the park
19.The primary school has been here for twenty years.(对画线部分提问）
has the primary school been here
20.We have P. E. classes twice a week.(对画线部分提问）
do you have P. E. classes
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：A
解析：四个选项的含义分别是：clear清晰的； private私人的； creative有创意的； common普通的。句意：—你找到去新图书馆的路了吗？—当然，怀特先生给了我非常清晰的指示。根据句意可知所缺的词是clear。故选A。
2.答案：D
解析：句意:——你会保留这些旧玩具吗 ——当然。它们保留着我童年最甜蜜的回忆。考查名词辨析。gold"金子";silence"沉默";research"调查";memory"记忆"。根据"about my childhood"可知,是童年最甜蜜的回忆。故选D。
3.答案：A
解析：句意:——打扰一下,你能告诉我怎么去邮局吗 ——看看我们商店的窗外。你能看见吗 它就在我们商店的对面。考查介词。opposite在……对面;above在……上面;below在……下面;along沿着;根据"Look out of the window of our shop...our shop."可知,此处说的是"邮局就在商店的对面"。故选A。
4.答案：D
解析：根据题干中的"Since we began to use the Internet"可知,主句应用现在完成时。故选D。
5.答案：A
解析：句意为:——自从共享单车出现以来,上班对我来说变得容易多了。—一但是它们也引起了很多问题。since意为"自从"; before意为"在……之前"; unless意为"除非"; though意为"尽管;虽然"。空前时态为现在完成时,空后时态为一般过去时, 结合语境可知此处应用since引导时间状语从句。故选A。
6.答案：C
解析：句意:自从我们上初中, 老师们已经和我们在一起差不多三年时间了。我们应该感谢他们为我们所做的事。考查连词辨析。until"直到......才"; before"在......之前"; since"自从"; when"当......时"。主句的时态是现在完成时, 结合句意, 此处表"自从", "since"引导时间状语从句时, 主语为现在完成时。故选C。
7.答案：D
解析：句意:—对不起, 我迟到了。—没关系。会议只开始了5分钟。请这边走。考查动词辨析。has started已经开始, 非延续性动词; has been over已经结束, 延续性动词; has ended已经结束, 非延续性动词; has been on已经开始, 延续性动词。根据空后"for only 5 minutes"可知, 句子是现在完成时, 与时间段连用, 动词应是延续性动词, 故排除A、C项; 根据后句"This way, please."可知, 应是会议只开始了5分钟。故选D。
8.答案：A
解析：考查固定短语的用法。 What a shame真遗憾； What a surprise真是一件令人惊讶的事。故选A。
9.答案：B
解析：句意为:别撒谎。你是一个诚实的男孩。此处表泛指,且 honest的发音以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。故选B。
10.答案：C
解析：句意为:——在我看来,其他行星上一定有生命,尽管(生命)还没有被发现。一—我同意你的观点。毕竟宇宙这么大。 to my surprise意为"使我惊讶的是";to be honest意为"说实在的";in my opinion 意为"在我看来";again and again 意为"再; 屡次"。结合下文中的"I agree with you. "可知此处表达个人观点。故选C。
二、填空题
11.答案：twice
12.答案：searched
13.答案：have been dead
14.答案：especially
15.答案：According
三、句型转换
16.答案：joined; ago
17.答案：has been
18.答案：Is there
19.答案：How long
20.答案：How often
2

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