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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024学年新初三英语暑期专题复习（语法篇）
——名词
一、课程目标
掌握名词的分类 ，能够辨析可数名词与不可数名词；
掌握可数名词变复数的规则；
掌握不可数名词数量的表达规则；
掌握名词所有格结构；
掌握名词修饰名词的规则；
能够辨析不同名词的含义。
二、知识清单
考点一 可数名词复数变化规则
【考点解读】
规则变化
规则 例词
1 一般情况在词尾加 -s map, sea, book
2 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加 -es class, box, watch, dish
3 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加 -es leaf, knife, life, shelf
4 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加 -es party, story, city
5 以辅音字母加 o 结尾的名词 加 -es hero, potato, tomato
加 -s photo, zoo, radio
二、不规则变化
规则 例词
1 改变名词中的元音字母 a - e man, woman
oo - ee foot, goose, tooth
2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, fish
3 常以复数形式出现 clothes, trousers, noodles, shoes, scissors
4 表示“某国人” 词尾加 -s American, Canadian, German, Australian
单复数同形 Chinese, Japanese
以 -man 或 -woman 结尾的， 改为 -men, -women Englishman, Frenchwoman
记忆口诀：中日不变，英法变，其他“s”加后边
5 不规则变化 Child - children, mouse - mice
知识拓展：集体名词 ( 1) 集体名词是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如 ：family ，class ，team 等 ，它们以单数形式 出现 ，但实为复数。若它们强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。 如 ：My family are watching TV. 我的家人正在看电视。 My family is a happy one. 我家是一个幸福的家庭。 ( 2) 有些集体名词通常只用作复数 ，如：people (人们) ，police (警察) ，cattle (牛) 等。 如果要表达单数含义则要使用其他名词。 如： ①一个人 a person ( √ ) a people (×) ②一名警察 a policeman/policewoman ( √ ) a police (×)
【典型例题】
1. —How old is that baby
—He is _________ old.
A. three day B. three months C. ten years D. five week
2. Here _________ some of my _________.
A.is; photo B. is; photos C. are; photos D. are; photo
3. The _________ of most trees will fall in autumn.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leafes
4. —How many _________ do we need
—Fifteen should be enough.
A. potatos B. bread C. tomatoes D. watermelon
5. There are lots of _________ and _________ in the village.
A. mouses; sheeps B. mice; sheep C. mice; sheeps D.mouses; sheep
6. The students of Grade 9 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _________ there.
A. bird B. duck C. sheeps D. chickens
7. —Are the visitors all from _________
—No, there are only 5 _________ in the group.
A. Germany; Germany B. Germany; Germans
C. German; Germans D. German; Germany
8. Yibin is one of the most beautiful _________ in Sichuan.
A. city B. cities C. citys D. cityes
9. —Have you heard of Lin Zexu and Zhan Tianyou
—Of course. They are our national _________.
A. hero B. heros C. heroes D. hero's
10. Each couple in China can have two _________ from January 1st, 2016.
A. boy B. girl C. children D. child
11. These _________ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
12. —There are many _________ about this farm.
—Yes, lots of _________ are planted on it.
A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoes D. photoes; potatoes
13. The police _________ searching for the missing papers now.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
【答案】1-5 BCCCB 6-10 DBBCC 11-13 DCA
【课堂练习】
在横线上填上适当的词。
1. There are many _________ (sheep) and _________ (deer) on the grass.
2. Canada, America, Italy and Israel are all foreign _________ (country).
3. In the street there are many big _________ (mouse).
4. Mr. Zhang and Liu are both _________ (postman).
5. Mark and David are _________ German).
6. We are _________ (Chinese). They are _________ (American).
7. —Hello, Mr. Wang. How many _________ (child) do you have
—I have one _________ ( child) .
8. China has many large _________ (city). Shanghai is one of the biggest _________ (city) in China.
【答案】1. sheep; deer 2. countries 3. mice 4.postmen 5. Germans 6. Chinese; Americans 7. children; child 8. cities; cities
二、单项选择
1. The _________ of the trees turn yellow in autumn.
A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs D. a leaf
2. There are a lot of _________ in the shopping center.
A. people B. drink C. woman D. rices
3. Yesterday I went to the supermarket and bought a lot of _________.
A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats
4. They said that they weren’t _________ but _________.
A. German; English B. Chinese; Japanese
C. Americans; Australian D. Frenchmans; Canadians
5. There _________ some fish in the river.
A. is B. are C. am
6. Mr. Wang felt sorry that so few _________ passed the exam.
A. students B. student C. students’ D. child
7. Almost _________ are born in the world in one minute.
A. two hundreds babies B. two hundreds of baby
C. hundreds of babies D. two hundred babies
【答案】1-5 BAABB 6-7 AD
考点二 不可数名词
【考点解读】
一、概念
什么是不可数名词？
一般来说，不可数名词主要以物质名词和抽象名词为主。它们没有_________形式 (即不能 在词尾加 s) ，也不能与 _________，_________连用。在表示不可数名词的数量时 ，必须与相应的 连用。
二、不可数名词分类
类别 例词
液体 milk 牛奶 coffee 咖啡 water 水 juice 果 汁 tea 茶 orange 橙 汁 wine 酒 soup 汤 oil 油
食物 bread 面包 meat 肉 beef 牛肉 pork 猪肉
自然 soil 土壤 rain 雨 sand 沙子 wood 木头 fire 火 wind 风 snow 雪 ice 冰
材料 plastic 塑料 silk 丝绸 gold 金 cotton 棉花 paper 纸
情感 joy 高兴 sadness 忧伤 happiness 快乐
学科 math 数学 physics 物理 geography 地理 chemistry 化学
概念 advice 建议 music 音乐 news 消息 information 信息 time 时间 money 金钱 knowledge 知识
三、中考常考不可数名词
Information_________，weather_________，news_________，advice_________，fun_________，fortune_________，work_________，homework_________，housework_________，luggage_________，progress_________等。
考点三 复合名词复数变化规则
【考点解读】
规则 例词
1 末尾名词加 s boy student - _________ paper bag - _________
2 man/woman + n ，都变复数 woman doctor - _________ man waiter - _________
3 数词+连字符+名词_________数 two-hour drive three-year-old boy
【典型例题】
1. Our school has fifty-six _________ teachers.
A. woman B. women C. woman’s
2. —What would you like for breakfast
—I'd like _________.
A. tomato noodle B. tomato noodles C. tomatoes noodle D. tomatoes noodles
3. —Yan Jiashuo, a _________ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.
—Wow, she's great, isn't she
A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten year old D. ten years old
4. Are there any _________ in your factory
A. woman driver B. woman drivers C. women drivers D. women’s drivers
5. Jack has some _________.
A. stories-book B. story-books C. stories-books
6. Shops often put things in _________.
A. paper bag B. paper bags C. papers bags D. papers bag
【答案】1-5 BBACB 6 B
【课堂练习】
1. _________ students went to the lecture hall to listen to an _________ speech.
A. The number of; 80-minute B. The number of; 80-minutes
C. A number of; 80-minute D. A number of; 80-minutes
2. _________ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _________ teachers.
A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman
C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman
3. These girls will become _________ when they graduate from medical college.
A. woman doctors B. women’s doctors C. women doctors D. men doctors
4. —Look! They are _________.
—Yes. We are proud of them.
A. man scientist B. women scientists C. woman scientists D. man scientists
5. It's sports time. Most _________ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B. boys C. boy’s D. boys’
【答案】1-5 CCCBA
考点四 名词所有格
【考点解读】
1. 有生命的名词及表时间、距离、 国家等常用 ’s
2. 无生命的名词一般用：of＋名词
3. 表两个人共同拥有 ，用“A and B’s”
4. 表两个人各自拥有 ，用“A’s and B’s”
考点五 名词词义辨析
【考点解读】
重庆中考常考不同词义的单词含义
【典型例题】
1. (23重庆A卷) Chongqing is famous for its hotpot and _________.
A. noodle B. noodles C. noodles’
2. (23重庆B卷) I will take some _________ of the dishes to share with you.
A. picture B. pictures C. picture’s
3. (22重庆A卷) This year, the family went camping on _________ Day, June 1st.
A. Child B. Child’s C. Children D. Children’s
4. (22重庆B卷) It’s raining heavily. Please take the _________.
A. stone B. flower C. umbrella D. postcard
5. (21重庆A卷) There are many _________ teachers in this primary school.
A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women’s
6. (21重庆B卷) June 1st is _________ Day.
A. Children B. Children’s C. Child D. Child’s
7. (20重庆A卷) Would you send me some _________ of yours I miss you very much!
A. magazines B. photos C. money D. advice
8. (20重庆B卷) I don’t know how to make a speech in public. Can you give me some _________
A. water B. money C. food D. advice
9. (19重庆A卷) One _________ of the book is missing, so I can’t learn the whole story.
A. copy B. page C. writer D. reader
10. (19重庆B卷) We have wider _________ in our village, so we can go out more easily now.
A. houses B. roads C. schools D. hospitals
11. ( 18重庆A卷) —I have a bad cold.
—Sorry to hear that. You’d better go to see a _________ at once.
A. doctor B. cook C. writer D. farmer
12. (18重庆B卷) —How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang
—It’s about two _________ ride by high-speed train.
A. hour B. hour’s C. hours D. hours’
13. (17重庆A卷) —Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week.
—Well. you'd better take a _________ with you, or you may easily get lost.
A. photo B. stamp C. map D. postcard
14. (17重庆B卷) Zhang Lin is a popular _________ in this school and most of her students are her fans.
A. farmer B. doctor C. worker D. teacher
15. (16重庆A卷) —It's hot today. Have some _________, please.
—No, thanks. I'm not thirsty at all.
A. water B. potatoes C. bread D. cakes
16. (16重庆B卷) It's cold today. Take your _________ with you when you go out.
A. knife B. coat C. brush D. key
【答案】1-5 BBDCC 6-10 BBDBB 11-15 ADCDA 16 B
【课堂练习】
1. (05重庆) She has been in Chongqing for eight years. Chongqing has become her second _________.
A. station B. house C. home
2. (06 重庆) The teacher said we needed to choose three _________ for the school concert.
A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers
3. (08重庆) Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite _________.
A. worker B. teacher C. dancer D. player
4. (08重庆) Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many _________ in it.
A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water
5. (10重庆) Something is wrong with my _________. I can’t see anything around me.
A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth
6. (11重庆) Could you please get me some _________ I’m hungry.
A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg
7. (12重庆) —Bill, what's your sister's favorite _________.
—She likes volleyball best.
A. food B. color C. sport D. movie
8. (13重庆A卷) —Excuse me, where did you get the book
—I borrowed it from the _________.
A. cinema B. library C. park D. station
9. (13重庆B卷) Could you tell me what _________ it is today
A. time B. year C. mouth D. day
10. (14重庆A卷) —Lily, could you please pass me the _________ I want to cut the apple.
—Sure, here you are.
A. pen B. pencil C. book D. knife
11. (14重庆B卷) —What’s your favorite _________, Bob
—Cats. They’re so lovely.
A. plant B. job C. sport D. animal
12. (15重庆A卷) Dave really likes driving. I think being a _________ is just right for him.
A. doctor B. teacher C. farmer D. driver
13. (15重庆B卷) The _________ of Chongqing is really hot, but we still like living here.
A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
【答案】1-5 CDDAC 6-10 CCBDD 11-13 DDB
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024学年新初三英语暑期专题复习（语法篇）
——名词
一、课程目标
掌握名词的分类 ，能够辨析可数名词与不可数名词；
掌握可数名词变复数的规则；
掌握不可数名词数量的表达规则；
掌握名词所有格结构；
掌握名词修饰名词的规则；
能够辨析不同名词的含义。
二、知识清单
考点一 可数名词复数变化规则
【考点解读】
规则变化
规则 例词
1 一般情况在词尾加 -s map, sea, book
2 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加 -es class, box, watch, dish
3 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加 -es leaf, knife, life, shelf
4 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加 -es party, story, city
5 以辅音字母加 o 结尾的名词 加 -es hero, potato, tomato
加 -s photo, zoo, radio
二、不规则变化
规则 例词
1 改变名词中的元音字母 a - e man, woman
oo - ee foot, goose, tooth
2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, fish
3 常以复数形式出现 clothes, trousers, noodles, shoes, scissors
4 表示“某国人” 词尾加 -s American, Canadian, German, Australian
单复数同形 Chinese, Japanese
以 -man 或 -woman 结尾的， 改为 -men, -women Englishman, Frenchwoman
记忆口诀：中日不变，英法变，其他“s”加后边
5 不规则变化 Child - children, mouse - mice
知识拓展：集体名词 ( 1) 集体名词是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如 ：family ，class ，team 等 ，它们以单数形式 出现 ，但实为复数。若它们强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。 如 ：My family are watching TV. 我的家人正在看电视。 My family is a happy one. 我家是一个幸福的家庭。 ( 2) 有些集体名词通常只用作复数 ，如：people (人们) ，police (警察) ，cattle (牛) 等。 如果要表达单数含义则要使用其他名词。 如： ①一个人 a person ( √ ) a people (×) ②一名警察 a policeman/policewoman ( √ ) a police (×)
【典型例题】
1. —How old is that baby
—He is _________ old.
A. three day B. three months C. ten years D. five week
2. Here _________ some of my _________.
A.is; photo B. is; photos C. are; photos D. are; photo
3. The _________ of most trees will fall in autumn.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leafes
4. —How many _________ do we need
—Fifteen should be enough.
A. potatos B. bread C. tomatoes D. watermelon
5. There are lots of _________ and _________ in the village.
A. mouses; sheeps B. mice; sheep C. mice; sheeps D.mouses; sheep
6. The students of Grade 9 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _________ there.
A. bird B. duck C. sheeps D. chickens
7. —Are the visitors all from _________
—No, there are only 5 _________ in the group.
A. Germany; Germany B. Germany; Germans
C. German; Germans D. German; Germany
8. Yibin is one of the most beautiful _________ in Sichuan.
A. city B. cities C. citys D. cityes
9. —Have you heard of Lin Zexu and Zhan Tianyou
—Of course. They are our national _________.
A. hero B. heros C. heroes D. hero's
10. Each couple in China can have two _________ from January 1st, 2016.
A. boy B. girl C. children D. child
11. These _________ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
12. —There are many _________ about this farm.
—Yes, lots of _________ are planted on it.
A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoes D. photoes; potatoes
13. The police _________ searching for the missing papers now.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
【课堂练习】
在横线上填上适当的词。
1. There are many _________ (sheep) and _________ (deer) on the grass.
2. Canada, America. Italy and Israel are all foreign _________ (country).
3. In the street there are many big _________ (mouse).
4. Mr. Zhang and Liu are both _________ (postman).
5. Mark and David are _________ German).
6. We are _________ (Chinese). They are _________ (American).
7. —Hello, Mr. Wang. How many _________ (child) do you have
—I have one _________ ( child) .
8. China has many large _________ (city). Shanghai is one of the biggest _________ (city) in China.
二、单项选择
1. The _________ of the trees turn yellow in autumn.
A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs D. a leaf
2. There are a lot of _________ in the shopping center.
A. people B. drink C. woman D. rices
3. Yesterday I went to the supermarket and bought a lot of _________.
A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats
4. They said that they weren’t _________ but _________.
A. German; English B. Chinese; Japanese
C. Americans; Australian D. Frenchmans; Canadians
5. There _________ some fish in the river.
A. is B. are C. am
6. Mr. Wang felt sorry that so few _________ passed the exam.
A. students B. student C. students’ D. child
7. Almost _________ are born in the world in one minute.
A. two hundreds babies B. two hundreds of baby
C. hundreds of babies D. two hundred babies
考点二 不可数名词
【考点解读】
一、概念
什么是不可数名词？
一般来说，不可数名词主要以物质名词和抽象名词为主。它们没有_________形式 (即不能 在词尾加 s) ，也不能与 _________，_________连用。在表示不可数名词的数量时 ，必须与相应的_________连用。
二、不可数名词分类
类别 例词
液体 milk 牛奶 coffee 咖啡 water 水 juice 果 汁 tea 茶 orange 橙 汁 wine 酒 soup 汤 oil 油
食物 bread 面包 meat 肉 beef 牛肉 pork 猪肉
自然 soil 土壤 rain 雨 sand 沙子 wood 木头 fire 火 wind 风 snow 雪 ice 冰
材料 plastic 塑料 silk 丝绸 gold 金 cotton 棉花 paper 纸
情感 joy 高兴 sadness 忧伤 happiness 快乐
学科 math 数学 physics 物理 geography 地理 chemistry 化学
概念 advice 建议 music 音乐 news 消息 information 信息 time 时间 money 金钱 knowledge 知识
三、中考常考不可数名词
Information_________，weather_________，news_________，advice_________，fun_________，fortune_________，work_________，homework_________，housework_________，luggage_________，progress_________等。
考点三 复合名词复数变化规则
【考点解读】
规则 例词
1 末尾名词加 s boy student - _________ paper bag - _________
2 man/woman + n ，都变复数 woman doctor - _________ man waiter - _________
3 数词+连字符+名词_________数 two-hour drive three-year-old boy
【典型例题】
1. Our school has fifty-six _________ teachers.
A. woman B. women C. woman’s
2. —What would you like for breakfast
—I'd like _________.
A. tomato noodle B. tomato noodles C. tomatoes noodle D. tomatoes noodles
3. —Yan Jiashuo, a _________ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.
—Wow, she's great, isn't she
A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten year old D. ten years old
4. Are there any _________ in your factory
A. woman driver B. woman drivers C. women drivers D. women’s drivers
5. Jack has some _________.
A. stories-book B. story-books C. stories-books
6. Shops often put things in _________.
A. paper bag B. paper bags C. papers bags D. papers bag
【课堂练习】
1. _________ students went to the lecture hall to listen to an _________ speech.
A. The number of; 80-minute B. The number of; 80-minutes
C. A number of; 80-minute D. A number of; 80-minutes
2. _________ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _________ teachers.
A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman
C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman
3. These girls will become _________ when they graduate from medical college.
A. woman doctors B. women’s doctors C. women doctors D. men doctors
4. —Look! They are _________.
—Yes. We are proud of them.
A. man scientist B. women scientists C. woman scientists D. man scientists
5. It's sports time. Most _________ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B. boys C. boy’s D. boys’
考点四 名词所有格
【考点解读】
1. 有生命的名词及表时间、距离、 国家等常用 ’s
2. 无生命的名词一般用：of＋名词
3. 表两个人共同拥有 ，用“A and B’s”
4. 表两个人各自拥有 ，用“A’s and B’s”
考点五 名词词义辨析
【考点解读】
重庆中考常考不同词义的单词含义
【典型例题】
1. (23重庆A卷) Chongqing is famous for its hotpot and _________.
A. noodle B. noodles C. noodles’
2. (23重庆B卷) I will take some _________ of the dishes to share with you.
A. picture B. pictures C. picture’s
3. (22重庆A卷) This year, the family went camping on _________ Day, June 1st.
A. Child B. Child’s C. Children D. Children’s
4. (22重庆B卷) It’s raining heavily. Please take the _________.
A. stone B. flower C. umbrella D. postcard
5. (21重庆A卷) There are many _________ teachers in this primary school.
A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women’s
6. (21重庆B卷) June 1st is _________ Day.
A. Children B. Children’s C. Child D. Child’s
7. (20重庆A卷) Would you send me some _________ of yours I miss you very much!
A. magazines B. photos C. money D. advice
8. (20重庆B卷) I don’t know how to make a speech in public. Can you give me some _________
A. water B. money C. food D. advice
9. (19重庆A卷) One _________ of the book is missing, so I can’t learn the whole story.
A. copy B. page C. writer D. reader
10. (19重庆B卷) We have wider _________ in our village, so we can go out more easily now.
A. houses B. roads C. schools D. hospitals
11. ( 18重庆A卷) —I have a bad cold.
—Sorry to hear that. You’d better go to see a _________ at once.
A. doctor B. cook C. writer D. farmer
12. (18重庆B卷) —How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang
—It’s about two _________ ride by high-speed train.
A. hour B. hour’s C. hours D. hours’
13. (17重庆A卷) —Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week.
—Well. you'd better take a _________ with you, or you may easily get lost.
A. photo B. stamp C. map D. postcard
14. (17重庆B卷) Zhang Lin is a popular _________ in this school and most of her students are her fans.
A. farmer B. doctor C. worker D. teacher
15. (16重庆A卷) —It's hot today. Have some _________, please.
—No ，thanks ．I'm not thirsty at all.
A. water B. potatoes C. bread D. cakes
16. (16重庆B卷) It's cold today. Take your _________ with you when you go out.
A. knife B. coat C. brush D. key
【课堂练习】
1. (05重庆) She has been in Chongqing for eight years. Chongqing has become her second _________.
A. station B. house C. home
2. (06 重庆) The teacher said we needed to choose three _________ for the school concert.
A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers
3. (08重庆) Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite _________.
A. worker B. teacher C. dancer D. player
4. (08重庆) Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many _________ in it.
A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water
5. (10重庆) Something is wrong with my _________. I can’t see anything around me.
A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth
6. (11重庆) Could you please get me some _________ I’m hungry.
A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg
7. (12重庆) —Bill, what's your sister's favorite _________.
—She likes volleyball best.
A. food B. color C. sport D. movie
8. (13重庆A卷) —Excuse me, where did you get the book
—I borrowed it from the _________.
A. cinema B. library C. park D. station
9. (13重庆B卷) Could you tell me what _________ it is today
A. time B. year C. mouth D. day
10. (14重庆A卷) —Lily, could you please pass me the _________ I want to cut the apple.
—Sure, here you are.
A. pen B. pencil C. book D. knife
11. (14重庆B卷) —What’s your favorite _________, Bob
—Cats. They’re so lovely.
A. plant B. job C. sport D. animal
12. (15重庆A卷) Dave really likes driving. I think being a _________ is just right for him.
A. doctor B. teacher C. farmer D. driver
13. (15重庆B卷) The _________ of Chongqing is really hot, but we still like living here.
A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
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