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2023年6月英语高考语法填空带来的启示
2023年6月浙江省第一次采用由教育部考试中心命题的新课标I全国高考英语试卷，这一份试卷与以往浙江省高考英语试卷相比较，无论在考试难度、考查方向和命题特点方面都出现了较大不同，为了更好研究这份试题，以便为以后的高考应试做好充分准备，将对这份试卷的各个题型进行仔细分析，以期起到抛砖引玉的作用。
首先我们来比较一下全国甲卷、全国乙卷和新课标卷二的语法填空题目在难度、考查项目上的差别。
全国甲卷
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 41. ____________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 42. _____________ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 43. ____________ Rachel Carson says in“A Fable for Tomorrow”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 44. ___________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, 45. _______ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 46. _____________ (intend) for everyone.
47. ___________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 48. __________ saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 49. _________________ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still 50. ___________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
本篇语法填空题讲述Carson的寓言故事特点，难度中等。下面是具体的考点分布：
41. to teach 非谓语动词
42. sixth 序数词
43. as 介词
44. where 非限制性定语从句
45. borrowing 非谓语动词
46. intended 非谓语动词
47. Different 词性变化
48. for 介词
49. warning 词性变化
50. be employed 语态
全国乙卷
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 41. ______________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 42. ______________ (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 43. _____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 44. ____________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 45. ___________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 46. ____________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 47. _____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 48. _____________ (record) everything I discovered.
The 49. ____________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 50. _____________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
本篇语法填空题介绍北京城的古今文化共存，难度系数偏大。下面是具体的考点分布：
41. to 介词
42. built 非谓语动词
43. which/that 定语从句
44. wonders 名词单复数
45. but 上下文关系的连词
46. Having visited 非谓语动词
47. was amazed 语态
48. recording 非谓语动词
49. remarkable 词性变化
50. means 动词时态和单三形式
新高考二卷
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 36. ____________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 37. ____________________ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 38. _____________
Not the pandas, even though 39. _____________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40. ______ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 41. _____________ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 42. _____________ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 43. ____________ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44. _______________ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 45. _____________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
本篇语法填空题语篇讲述教动物语言的一些情况, 难度系数较小, 下面是具体的考点分布：
36. arrival 词性转化
37. confident 词性转化
38. with 介词
39. the 冠词
40. visiting 非谓语动词
41. interviews 名词单复数
42. why 名词性从句
43. Basically 词性转化
44. and 上下文关系的连词
45. wished 时态
2023年六月浙江省高考英语试卷的语法填空题目语篇仍然是说明文，语篇的主题是Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，难度最大。作者采取直白法直接引出主题。下面先来赏析一下语法填空具体语篇：
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56. ____________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 57.___________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), 58. __________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
Shanghai may be the 59. ____________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently－more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 60._________ hand rather than rolled.
Nangxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61. ______(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of the 62._______(they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 63. __________touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64. __________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 65. __________(want)more next time.
首先我们来分析一下这篇说明文的语篇结构。本文采用直白法开门见山直接引出主题xiao long bao (soup dumplings), 然后第一段的后半部分主要是讲how(如何吃）的问题，第二段则是讲述where（起源地）的问题，主要是上海和南翔这两个地方。第三段主要围绕话题how（如何制）展开，而第四段主要是讲what (自己对四五的评价）话题。
下面我们来比较一下2023年1月浙江省高考英语试卷的语法填空题篇章：
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56. ____________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 57.____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58. _________________ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes
59. ______________ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60. _____________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 61. ______________ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 62. ____________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 63. ______________ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 64. _____________ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 65. _______________ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
从语篇结构上说来, 2023年1月浙江卷采用事例法引出主题hutong，然后第二段讲述胡同的样式，即蓝色的how，而第三段这是红色的what部分，也就是hutong的重要意义。与新课标卷1比较，结构上相对简单，内容描写上也不够文学性和细腻。
新课标卷1的语法填空语篇在行文中具有以下几个鲜明的特点，值得我们特别关注：
1. 描写特别具体和包含文学色彩
这片说明文具有很鲜明的文学色彩，比如描述如何吃小笼包的内容非常传神：To eat one, you have to decide whether 57.___________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), 58. __________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
再如描写自己对小笼包的喜欢态度，作者没有采取笼统概括的传统方式，而是使用特写描述来展开：No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64. __________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 65. __________(want)more next time.
2. 使用词汇非常高级和新颖
amazing adj.令人震惊的delicate adj.精致的encasing verb.包围far and away phr. 无疑dangerously adv.危险地releasing verb. 释放explode verb. 爆炸differently adv.不同地rather than prep.而不是contents noun. 内容sweetness noun. 甜蜜rarely adv. 很少greedy adj. 贪婪的
3. 使用句型非常多样和准确
1). To eat one, you have to decide whether 57.___________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), 58. __________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (whether引导的宾语从句）
2). Shanghai may be the 59. ____________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. (but引导的并列句）
3). No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64. __________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 65. __________(want)more next time.
(no matter引导的让步状语从句）（so引导的结果状语从句）
下面我们再来具体分析每一道题目的答案和考查知识点：
56.tasty 词性转换 （由动词转化为形容词）
57.to bite 非谓语动词 （动词不定式）
58.or 连词 （表示选择关系的连接词）
59.recognized 非谓语动词 （过去分词）
60. by 介词 （by hand）
61. to be lifted 非谓语动词 （动词不定式的被动形式）
62. their 物主代词 （形容词性物主代词）
63. a 冠词 （不定冠词）
64. rarely 词性转换 （由形容词转化为副词）
65. wanting 非谓语动词 （现在分词）
比较2023年1月浙江卷答案：
56. and
57. originally
58. surrounded
59. were permitted
60. featured
61. spacious
62 simpler
63. as
64. events
65. the
这里明显可以看出，非谓语动词考查增加了，而时态语态题目却减少了，说明动词的非谓语动词是一个考查重点。
最后，我们根据今年高考语法填空试题命题特点来归纳一下应考措施:
1. 增强文化自信，多熟悉中国传统文化
今年高考语法填空选取中国美食小笼包作为写作素材，这符合新课程标准要求增加文化自信，多学习推介中国传统文化的要求，那么我们在复习迎考时了解一些有关中国传统文化的知识，关注京剧、中餐、太极、中药和中国古代建筑方面的知识对于提高高考分数必将大有裨益。
2. 夯实语言基础，尤其掌握非谓语动词知识
语言基础知识分为许多种，其中具体可以分解为语法、句型和词汇知识，从上面语篇中我们不难发现考查有关非谓语动词的知识总共有三题，即第57题，59题，61题和第65题，所以，在复习迎考中，对于非谓语动词，即现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式的各种使用场合和它们的拼写形式，我们都需要逐一落实。
3. 分析语篇结构，善于归纳语篇主题
语法填空题基本上是说明文，而说明文的主题往往在语篇的开篇，引出主题的手法不外乎直白法、反衬法、事例法、提问法和综合法，比如2023年6月新课标卷1的语法填空题，作者使用了直白法来引出主题，我们必须要强化寻找主题的意识，熟悉各种主题引出手法的使用方式，只有只有才能快速切题，正确答题。

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