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单元测试
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Throughout the world, only 15% of the material that are used to make clothing is properly recycled, according to the Alle SacUrthur Club, an organization in Liverpool, UK, that boosts the circular economy. Most clothing waste—an ___ 1___(estimate) 82 million tonnes from the fashion industry alone-produced every year ends up buried or burnt.
___2___(handle) all that waste, methods to recover and reuse the material are intended as an active response to the future risks by researchers and start-up companies. Much of their focus is on chemical recycling, ___3___ the material is broken down into its building blocks and applied to create new materials, including fibres that ___4___ (weave) into new clothes. The challenges lie in ___5___ (develop) the processes for such treatment. They have to be practical, but they also have to be at least as cost-effective as simply making new fibres.
___6___ the natural cellulose fibres from cotton, some other materials include human- made cellulosic fibres. They are derived from wood-pulp cellulose and may be used to produce materials such as viscose (rayon) and a similar material called lyocell.
A change in the manufacturing process is being applied to the textile-waste problem by Essen, a start-up in Seattle, Washington. ___7___ the company has fundamentally devoted to the process is that it uses discarded textiles, instead of wood, as the source of its cellulose. It has also adjusted the process to produce a fibre that the firm’s co-founder and president Christo Stan says is superior to ___8___ other cellulosics and cotton, and that can be recycled more times.
Although there are abundant technical challenges, the main barrier ___9___ widespread textile recycling could be economic, says materials engineer Lijiang Jiang at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Atlanta. “Most of the materials are not that invaluable,” Jiang says. So cheap it is to produce polyester, cotton and other fabrics ____ 10____ there’s little profit margin unless the recycling processes themselves are very inexpensive.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A ．respectively B ．vision C ．rebounded D ．decoupling E. respectably F. promoting G. commitments H. emitters I. peak J. remaining K. urgent
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Asean (东盟) region are estimated to increase in the same period, based on the latest Nationally determined contributions (NDC) targets up to 2030.To keep the Paris Agreement temperature goal within reach, Dr Beni Suryadi, Centre for Energy Manager at the Asean Secretariat, stated that ASEAN needs to achieve ____ 11____emissions as soon as possible after 2030 and net-zero GHG emissions as soon as possible after 2050.
However, ____ 12____of the growth in GDP and energy-related CO2 emissions is observed only in a handful of the Asean member states.
“It is vital to reduce energy intensity through lower energy demand and further energy savings and to reduce emission intensity by ____ 13____renewable energy expansion,” he said.
“Current policies need to be enhanced to achieve the NDC targets. The ____ 14____under the NDCs will provide Asean with a better perspective of the need for a more ambitious course of action on mitigation (缓解) in the future. Ambitious energy policies can significantly reduce GHG emission and helps our ____ 15____towards low carbon economies and climate resilient nations.”
Earlier in his presentation, Dr Beni highlighted, “a brief record-breaking drop in climate change – causing carbon emissions during the height of the coronavirus pandemic. However, nowadays we continue to hear the news and read reports that say that global emissions have already ____ 16____to near pre-pandemic levels” .
“While we are grateful to learn that the economy is reviving and we see economic activities taking place everywhere, there is a(n) ____ 17____need for us to limit the growth of emissions. Global GHG emissions continue to rise, at a time when they need to be rapidly falling.”
At the global level, he said, “It is recorded that almost three-quarters ofthe GHG emissions come from energy use; almost one-fifth from agriculture and land use; and the ____ 18____eight per cent from industry and waste” .
He also noted that the electricity and transport sectors start out as and remain the biggest ____ 19____of GHGs and air pollution in Asean.
“If the Asean member states do what is needed to fully achieve their own national energy
efficiency and renewable energy targets, as well as their climate commitments, Asean’s total energy- related GHG emissions in 2040 will be 3,002 MtCO2-eq, 28 per cent lower than in the baseline scenario.
“Power generation remains the largest sectoral contributor, accounting for about 40 per cent and 46 per cent of total GHG emissions from energy in 2025 and 2040, ____20____.
“Furthermore, if Asean fulfilled its regional aspirational targets on the energy efficiency and renewable energy, Asean will be able to reduce GHG emissions more sharply to only 2,264 Mt CO2-eq in 2040,” he said.
三、阅读理解
A
In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let’s say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods
After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions(排放)of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole life cycle of products we use-those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances(设备) that we need we can go with new, energy- saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new
products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once
it gets to you.
21 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
B ．What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C ．How to identify different carbon footprints.
D ．What appliances to buy to save energy.
22 ．What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint
A ．It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B ．It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
C ．It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D ．It is made when we are buying the products.
23 ．Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author
A ．Buying new but cheap clothes.
B ．Using old and expensive cars.
C ．Using second-hand textbooks.
D ．Buying new wooden furniture.
B
Earth Overshoot Day marks the date when humanity has used up nature’s annual resources. In 2020, Earth Overshoot Day fell on August 22, three weeks later than 2019’s date of July 29 as a result of COVID- 19 lockdowns, meaning that humanity consumed less resources than last
year.
According to research conducted by Global Footprint Network, an international research organization, COVID- 19- related lockdowns resulted in a 9.3% reduction in humanity’s ecological footprint compared with the same period last year.
However, we would still need 1.6 Earths to keep up with our current use of ecological
resources.
While Mathis Wackernagel, president of Global Footprint Network, called this year’s data “encouraging,” he called for further progress to be made “by design, not by disaster.”
CEO of Global Footprint Network Laurel Hanscom adds, “Sustainability requires that both ecological balance and people’s well-being be ensured over the long-term, therefore this year’s sudden Ecological Footprint reduction cannot be mistaken for progress.”
According to the research, Australia used up its resources in the first half year during its
2019/ 2020 forest fire season.
Wackernagel says, “We’re using up the future to pay for the present. We’ve only got one planet and that’s not going to change.”
The research organization says that sustainability of a society depends on the sound management of ecological resources. To do this, we need to change the way we produce our food, we move around, how many children we have and how much land we protect for wildlife. Reducing our overall carbon footprint by 50% would push the date back 93 days, cutting food waste in half, 13 days. And if we push the date back by 5 days each year, humanity would be using less than one planet before 2050.
24 ．What led to less resource consumption in 2020
A ．COVID- 19 lockdowns. B ．Improved awareness.
C ．The forest fire season. D ．Sound management of ecology.
25 ．What is Laurel Hanscom’s attitude towards this year’s data
A ．Negative. B ．Critical.
C ．Cautious. D ．Positive.
26 ．What can we learn from the figures of the last paragraph
A ．We have reduced carbon footprint by 50%.
B ．The more children we have, the wealthier our life are.
C ．The way we travel around doesn’t make any difference.
D ．Good management of natural resources has a positive effect.
27 ．What’s the best title for this text
A ．To reduce carbon footprint of food.
B ．Using less resources in 2020 than last year.
C ．To encourage humans to use resources slowly.
D ．COVID- 19 lockdown being good for development.
C
Carbon dioxide emissions from transportation are now thought as the top source of green—house gases. One of the most effective ways to reduce your carbon footprint is to reconsider how much, and how often, you travel.
Going car free for a year could save about 2.6 tons of carbon dioxide, according to a study from the University of British Columbia. How can you stop using a car Try taking a train, bus
or better yet, riding a bike.
But let’s be realistic. You will likely need to use a car this year. So, when you do, here are some tips to make your trip more climate—friendly. Driving efficiently can help to reduce emissions. Go easy on the gas and brakes and drive like you have an egg under your foot. Regularly service your car to keep it more efficient. Keeping your tires pumped correctly can reduce emissions. Low tire pressure will hurt your fuel economy. Air conditioning and frequent city driving can make emissions go up So cut down on these as often as possible. Use cruise control(定速巡航)on long drives—in most cases, this can help to save gas. Don’t weigh your car down with extra things that you don’t need on your trip.
Fly often Taking one fewer long round—trip flight could reduce your personal carbon footprint significantly. If you use public transportation often and fly less, your carbon foot print might still be relatively sustainable, but if you drive and fly a lot, your emissions will be higher. If you can’t avoid flying, you can offset them by donating money to sustainable projects, such as supplying efficient stoves to rural homes, or projects which help farmers deal with crop waste environmentally.
28 ．What does the author think of going car free
A ．Efficient. B ．Costly. C ．Impractical. D ．Reliable.
29 ．Which can be adopted to save fuel of your car
A ．Maintaining your car properly.
B ．Using cruise control in the city.
C ．Stepping hard on the gas and brakes.
D ．Getting rid of all the necessary loads.
30 ．What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 4 mean
A ．Put up with. B ．Team up with. C ．Set foot in. D ．Make up for.
31 ．Which is the best title for the text
A ．Lower carbon footprint in transportation
B ．How to reduce your carbon footprint
C ．Reduce carbon footprint by all means
D ．How to save fuel when driving cars
四、完形填空
Goodish News of Climate Change
Emissions of carbon dioxide (related to energy production) have stabilized, for now.
Is it a peak, a stutter or just a brief pause Time will tell. But whatever it is, on February
11th the International Energy Agency (IEA), an intergovernmental ____32____ which collects such data, announced that emissions of carbon dioxide in 2019 which were ____33____ to energy had remained the same (33.3bn tonnes) as the previous year’s.
Energy-related emissions, which include those (produced by electricity generation), heating and transport, ____34____ more than 70% of the world’s industrial CO pollution. The reason why the emissions remained the same was that there was a(n) ____35____ in coal use, particularly in rich countries, combined with an increase in the use of renewable power.
As a result of this the CO -intensity of electricity generation—a(n) ____36____ of how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt hour of petrol produced—fell by nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of CO per kilowatt hour. It had already been ____37____, but this is three times the average for the past decade. Such declines more than offset (抵消) the ____38____ of increased electricity production. The average emission-intensity of power generation in 2019 was “lower than all but the most efficient gas-power plants”, according to the IEA．
This is not the first time energy related emissions have plateaued (保持稳定). Between 2013 and 2016 they hovered around 32.2bn tonnes a year, before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal to ____39____ developing economies increased. This ____40____ plateau was accompanied by excited declarations that such emissions had peaked. Similar ____41____ have been made this week, perhaps also prematurely. Besides changes in coal use, a ____42____ economy may have played a part and the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop in emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies.
____43____, the latest data from the Amazon rainforest also make us feel relieved. This, one of the world’s largest woodlands, has acted ____44____ as an absorbing sponge (海绵) for CO by removing it from the atmosphere through photo-synthesis. Researchers at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research have shown that a vast part of the south-east of the Amazon, about one fifth of its area, has lost its ____45____ to absorb the gas and is now a net source of emissions into the atmosphere instead. This land has been widely deforested, so the result is little ____46____. But it is disappointing.
32 ．A ．circumstance B ．environment C ．contribution D ．organization
33 ．A ．available B ．similar C ．related D ．referred
34 ．A ．call for B ．account for C ．stand for D ．allow for
35 ．A ．decline B ．increase C ．promotion D ．recovery
36 ．A ．product B ．idea C ．measure D ．result
37 ．A ．floating B ．falling C ．disappearing D ．remaining
38 ．A ．outcome B ．change C ．effect D ．achievement
39 ．A ．fuel B ．regulate C ．handle D ．expand
40 ．A ．frequent B ．previous C ．natural D ．disastrous
41 ．A ．tips B ．plans C ．warnings D ．comments
42 ．A ．booming B ．dynamic C ．strong D ．depressed
43 ．A ．In addition B ．By contrast C ．In consequence D ．In fact
44 ．A ．accidentally B ．absolutely C ．historically D ．correctly
45 ．A ．prospect B ．ability C ．need D ．decision
46 ．A ．anger B ．hope C ．devotion D ．surprise
五、六选四
How to save planet earth
Have you ever held a product in your hands and considered the existential weight of your purchase Beyond each price tag hides a ripple effect. It expands from soil to water ways, grocery aisle to kitchen plates, factories to fulfillment centers and mail slots to landfills. This global impact has become less hidden in the past decade, and ignoring the people downstream from us has grown increasingly difficult.
We’re more aware than ever of the mark our consumption leaves on planet Earth, which now sustains nearly 8 billion people. Somehow, humans are still pumping more than 30 gig a tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year into the atmosphere, despite the mountain of evidence that CO2 is the top contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming. ____47____We know we need to do better, but we feel helpless and overwhelmed. Let’s call this the eco- essential crisis; it applies on a deeply personal level for most environmentally aware humans, and on a global scale.
Climate journalist and author Tatiana Schlossberg says even a simple trip to the supermarket can feel paralyzing in 2021. “I want to buy the local thing, but it’s not organic. Or, maybe it’s in a plastic box,” she says. In her 2019 book Inconspicuous Consumption, she ventures way beyond the store aisle and into the web of less apparent ways that humans are damaging Earth. For example, your internet use is tied to extensive carbon emissions and energy consumption. ____48____ The world is more complicated than that.
In fact, being a good citizen on planet Earth with climate concerns, you’ve likely asked or
agonized over this question: What should I do ____49____ So, we took this question to five people who have immersed their careers, research and writing in the realities of climate science.
One of their most consistent insights may surprise you: Consumer responsibility misses the mark. “One of the major failings of the environmental movement is having everyone focus on these small things that everyone can do.” says Ayana Elizabeth Johnson-a marine biologist and co-host of the podcast How to Save a Planet. ____50____ There are just more meaningful and long-lasting ways to expend your energy in the climate fight. Most of them involve organization and collective action.
“Individuals join together to collectively have far more power changing the system than they can as individuals,” says Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the Yale Program on Climate
Change Communication.
A ．That doesn’t mean it’s none of your business.
B ．these experts propose other key steps that every human can take toward a better future.
C ．Similar challenge apply to use of plastics and consumption of meat and other goods.
D．Part of the challenge with the environmental movement is the astonishing list of things we need to change.
E ．The solution to this problem, however, is not for you to stop using the internet, according to Schlossberg.
F ．It’s easy to get lost in the storm of supposed answers around social media, the latest data sets and “ego-friendly” marketing campaigns.
六、概要写作
51 ．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Public Opinion Counts
Modbury is a typical small town of the south of England with a population of about 1,600. Typical, that is, apart from the fact that there are no plastic carrier bags in the town. None. Plastic bags have been well and truly dumped!
The removal of the plastic bags was the brainchild of Rebecca Hosking, Modbury resident and documentary-maker. Filming a documentary in the Pacific Ocean, Rebecca was horrified at the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife off Hawaii. Among other things, she saw seabirds fatally trapped in plastic bags that don’t biodegrade. When Rebecca returned to her hometown,
she discussed this problem with people, including the shopkeepers and everyone supported her
suggestion to make the town plastic bag free.
But for Rebecca’s concept, Modbury would still be an unremarkable little place. Now, however, shoppers take re-usable cotton bags shopping with them, or they buy biodegradable corn starch ones on the shops. The shopkeepers now wrap their goods in paper. To prove that the townsfolk are not only committed to reducing plastic waste, they organised a mass beach clean-up last year. Dozens of volunteers came to the beach on the appointed day to clean it up, taking the rubbish that visitors throw away and recycling it. And the greatest part of that rubbish was... no, not plastic bags, but plastic bottles.
Becoming the first town in Europe to ban plastic bags, Modbury is now harvesting the rewards of fame — reporters and camera crews from newspapers and TV channels across the world are coming to this mild town to find out its secret. And, contrary to some of the initial reports, it is a normal town, trying to live life in a slightly different way. As one resident put it. “We’re ordinary people, but we want to make just a little difference.”
七、汉译英(整句)
52 ．现在，人们意识到了保护环境的重要性。 (be aware of)
53 ．有人声称这种减肥药丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害，但事实远非如此。 (It)
54．真的人人愿意参加这活动吗？
55．正是这场沙尘暴(dust storm)的后果才使人们充分认识到植树的重要性(It…)
八、建议信
56．假定你是逸仙中学学生会主席， 你校即将举行主题为“No Plastic Water Bottles”的一 项环保活动。请你用英语写一封倡议书，要点包括：
1．倡导 No Plastic Water Bottles 的原因；
2 ．你的建议(至少三点)。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
No Plastic Water Bottles
Dear fellow students,
The Students’ Union
参考答案
1．estimated 2．To handle 3．where 4．are woven 5．developing 6．Besides
7 ．What 8 ．both 9 ．to 10 ．that
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了服装原料的浪费已经成为一个严重的问题， 华盛顿西 雅图的艾森公司通过对于纺织生产过程的改变来解决纺织品废料的问题。
1．考查形容词。句意：大多数衣服浪费——估计有 8,200 万吨时尚行业每年生产的产品最 终被埋葬或烧毁。空格处应填形容词修饰名词 tonnes，作定语。故填 estimated。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了处理所有的废物，回收和再利用材料的方法旨在作为研究 人员和初创公司对未来风险的积极回应。分析句子结构，are intended 为谓语动词，空格处 需填非谓语动词作目的状语，需填动词不定式形式。故填 To handle。
3．考查定语从句。句意：他们主要关注化学物质的回收，在回收中材料被分解成它的基础
材料并应用于创造新的材料，包括被织进新衣服里的纤维。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 chemical recycling，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。
4．考查被动语态。句意：他们主要关注化学物质的回收，在回收中材料被分解成它的基础 材料并应用于创造新的材料，包括被织进新衣服里的纤维。that 指代先行词fibers 在从句中 作主语， 空格处在从句中作谓语， 主语 fibres 和 weave 之间是被动关系， 此句陈述的是客观 事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填 are woven。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：挑战基于对这种加工过程的开发。空格处需要填非谓语作介词 in 的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填 developing。
6．考查介词。句意：除了来自棉花的天然纤维素纤维外，一些纺织品还包括人造纤维素纤 维 。根据 “the natural cellulose fibres from cotton, some other materials include human-made cellulosic fibres.”及常识可知， 除了来自棉花的天然纤维素纤维外， 一些纺织品还包括人造纤 维素纤维，介词 besides 除……之外(还)，故填 Besides。
7．考查主语从句。句意：公司从根本上致力于的工艺是使废弃的纺织品而不是木材作为纤 维素的来源。分析句子结构， 空格处引导主语从句， 在从句中作动词 devoted 的宾语， 指代 事物。故填 What。
8．考查代词。句意：该公司还调整了生产纤维的过程，可以生产出优于其他纤维素和棉花 的纤维， 而且这种纤维可以更多地被回收利用。根据“other cellulosics and cotton”可知， 此处 用 both...and...表示“两者都”，故填 both。
9 ．考查介词。句意：尽管有大量的技术挑战，对于广泛传播纤维回收的主要障碍就是经济， 亚特兰大麻省理工学院的材料工程师蒋丽江(音译) 如是说。barrier to 是固定搭配，意为 “……的障碍”。故填 to。
10．考查结果状语从句。句意：生产涤纶棉花和其他材料是如此的便宜，并且除非回收过程 本身非常便宜否则利润空间很小。根据句意， 此处与前面的 So 构成 so...that，引导结果状语 从句。故填 that。
11 ．I 12 ．D 13 ．F 14 ．G 15 ．B 16 ．C 17 ．K 18 ．J 19 ．H 20 ．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕目前东盟成员国在节能减排方面的形势以及采取的 相应解决措施。
11．考查名词。句意：为确保《巴黎协定》的温度目标的实现， 东盟秘书处能源经理中心 Beni Suryadi 博士表示， 东盟需要在 2030 年后尽快实现排放峰值， 并在 2050 年后尽快实现温 室气体净零排放。分析句子结构， 设空处缺少修饰 emissions 的定语成分， peak 可作形容词 表示“峰值的”，符合语义。故选 I 项。
12．考查非谓语。句意：然而，仅在少数东盟成员国中观察到 GDP 增长与能源相关二氧化 碳排放量的脱钩。分析句子结构，谓语为 is observe ，本句主语不完整，设空处需补全主语。 decoupling 为动名词形式，含义为“关联系统分离、脱钩”，可以补全主语成分，且含义符合 语义。故选 D 项。
13 ．考查非谓语。句意：他表示：“通过降低能源需求和节约能源来降低能源强度，以及通 过促进可再生能源扩张来降低排放强度都至关重要。 ”分析句子结构， 设空处填写by 的宾语。 结合句意，promoting 表示“促进，提升，扩展”，动名词 promoting 可作介词 by 的宾语，其 含义符合语境。故选 F 项。
14．考查名词。句意：根据国家自主承诺作出的保证将使东盟更好地认识到今后需要在缓解 方面采取更有雄心的行动方针。分析句子结构， 句子主语不完整， 需要补全， 设空处前有定 冠词 the，所以设空处为名词。名词 commitment 意为“承诺、保证”，含义符合语境， 因为是 各个国家的承诺和保证，所以应该用名词复数。故选 G 项。
15．考查名词。句意：雄心勃勃的能源政策可以显著减少温室气体排放，并有助于我们实现 低碳经济和气候适应型国家的愿景。分析句子结构可知，设空处应该填写名词作 help 的宾 语。结合句意分析， 名词 vision 表示“目标、愿景”，含义符合语义， 且在句中作为 help 的宾
语。故选 B 项。
16．考查动词。句意：然而，现在我们持续听到新闻和读到报告说，全球排放量已经回升到 接近疫情前的水平。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填写动词的过去分词形式，构成 have already done 形式作为句子谓语。结合语义，rebound 表示“ 弹回，恢复” ， have already rebounded 表示“已经回弹/回升”，含义符合语境。故选 C 项。
17 ．考查形容词。句意：虽然我们很庆幸经济正在复苏，我们看到各地都在进行经济活动， 但我们迫切需要限制排放的增长。分析句子结构，设空处缺少定语成分，修饰 need。结合 句意，形容词 urgent 表示“急切的，迫切的”，含义符合语义，且在句中作修饰need 的定语。 故选 K 项。
18 ．考查形容词。句意：在全球层面上，他表示，“据记录，近四分之三的温室气体排放来 自能源使用；近五分之一来自农业和土地使用；剩下的 8%来自工业和废物。 ”分析句子结构， 设空处缺少定语成分，修饰 eight per cent。形容词 remaining 表示“剩余的，余下的”含义符 合语义，且可在句中作定语，修饰 eight per cent。故选 J 项。
19．考查名词。句意：他还指出，电力和交通行业从一开始就是东盟最大的温室气体和空气 污染排放行业。分析句子结构，设空处应填写名词作为 remain 的宾语。结合句意， emitters 意指“排放者”，在句中指的是电力和交通行业这两个排放产业。故选 H 项。 20．考查副词。句意：发电行业仍然是最大的排放产业，在 2025 年和 2040 年分别占能源温 室气体排放总量的约 40%和46%。分析句子结构，主谓宾齐全，不缺少主干成分，设空处 可以是修饰成分。副词 respectively 表示“分别地、各自地”，含义符合句意，可作状语修饰 动词 accounting for。故选 A 项。
21 ．A 22 ．B 23 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了如何降低碳排放量， 如何正确做出一些对环境友好
的日常生活选择。
21．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句“But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods (但是最近有一个 问题一直蒙绕在我的脑海中：是购买新的环保产品更好，还是使用传统生产的产品更好 )” 及全文内容可知， 本文主要探讨了如何降低碳排放量， 介绍了如何正确做出一些环境友好的 生活选择。故选 A。
22．细节理解题。根据题干中的“secondary carbon footprint”，及文章第三段最后一句“The
secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products
we use-those related to their production and breakdown. ( 二次足迹是衡量我们使用的产品的整 个生命周期的间接 CO2 排放量——这些排放与产品生产和分解有关。)”结合句意以及句子 中的关键词 indirect 可知，二级碳足迹是我们间接导致的碳排放，故选 B。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句和第三句“Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances(设备) that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. (像餐具、衣服和家具之类的东西都属于"第二足迹"组， 所以少就是多， 我们可以专注于寻找二手物品以避免增加生产。然而， 对于我们需要的汽车 和其他设备，我们可以选择新的节能车型。)”可知，使用二手物品可以减少碳排放。故选
(
C
)。
24 ．A 25 ．C 26 ．D 27 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了根据国际研究组织全球足迹网络的研究， 由于新 冠肺炎疫情封控，2020 年资源消耗减少。然而，需要人类对生态资源的良好管理才能达到
可持续发展。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In 2020, Earth Overshoot Day fell on August 22, three weeks later than 2019’s date of July 29 as a result of COVID- 19 lockdowns, meaning that humanity consumed less resources than last year.(2020 年，由于新冠肺炎疫情的封锁，地球超载日是 8 月 22 日， 比 2019 年 7 月 29 日晚了三周， 这意味着人类消耗的资源比去年少。 )”可知， 2020 年资源消耗减少，是由于新冠肺炎封锁。故选 A 项。
25 ．推 理判 断题 。根据第 五段 “CEO of Global Footprint Network Laurel Hanscom adds, ‘Sustainability requires that both ecological balance and people’s well-being be ensured over the long-term, therefore this year’s sudden Ecological Footprint reduction cannot be mistaken for progress. ’(全球足迹网络首席执行官劳蕾尔 · 汉斯科姆补充说：“可持续发展要求长期确保生 态平衡和人们的福祉，因此今年突然减少的生态足迹不能被误认为是进步。”)”可知，在他 看来， 可持续发展要求长期确保生态平衡和人们的福祉， 因此要警惕， 对于今年突然减少的
生态足迹不能被误认为是进步，由此可推知，他对这个数据的态度是谨慎的。故选 C 项。 26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Reducing our overall carbon footprint by 50% would push the date back 93 days, cutting food waste in half, 13 days. And if we push the date back by 5 days each
year, humanity would be using less than one planet before 2050.(将我们的整体碳足迹减少 50%，
将日期推迟 93 天，将食物浪费减少一半，即 13 天。如果我们将这一日期每年向后推 5 天， 到 2050 年，人类将只使用不到一个地球。)”可知，如果人类总碳足迹减少 50%， 日期会推 后 93 天， 如果我们每年把这个日期推后五天， 到 2050 年， 人类会使用不到一个地球， 由此 可推知，对生态资源的良好管理有积极的影响。故选 D 项。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 2020, Earth Overshoot Day fell on August 22, three weeks later than 2019’s date of July 29 as a result of COVID- 19 lockdowns, meaning that humanity consumed less resources than last year.(2020 年，由于新冠肺炎疫情的封锁，地球超载日是 8 月 22 日， 比 2019 年 7 月 29 日晚了三周， 这意味着人类消耗的资源比去年少。 )”提出了文章的话题“由 于新冠肺炎疫情封锁， 2020 年资源消耗比去年同期消耗数量减少”，并在后文对其原因和深 远意义进行了讲述。因此，选项 B“Using less resources in 2020 than last year.(2020 年使用的 资源比去年更少。 )”贴合主题。故选 B 项。
28 ．C 29 ．A 30 ．D 31 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何选择适当的出行方式，降低运输中的碳足迹。 28．推理判断题。根据第二段“How can you stop using a car Try taking a train, bus or better yet, riding a bike.(你怎么能不开车呢？试着坐火车、公共汽车或者骑自行车。 )”可知， 作者认 为不开汽车是不实际的，故选 C。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“Low tire pressure will hurt your fuel economy. Air conditioning and frequent city driving can make emissions go up So cut down on these as often as possible. Use cruise control (定速巡航) on long drives—in most cases, this can help to save gas. Don’t weigh your car down with extra things that you don’t need on your trip.( 轮胎气压过低会影响你的燃油经济 性。空调和频繁的城市驾驶会使排放上升， 所以尽可能减少这些排放。在长途驾驶中使用巡
航控制——在大多数情况下， 这可以帮助节省汽油。不要给你的车添置旅途中不需要的额外
物品。 )”可知适当的保养汽车可以节省汽车的燃油，故选 A。
30． 词义猜测题。根据第四段“by donating money to sustainable projects, such as supplying efficient stoves to rural homes, or projects which help farmers deal with crop waste environmentally.(你可以通过向可持续发展项目捐款，比如为农村家庭提供高效炉具，或者 帮助农民环保地处理作物废物的项目。 )”可知上文意思是如果你不能避免坐飞机， 你可以通 过向可持续发展项目捐款来抵消这些损失， 所以offset 意为弥补，A. Put up with.容忍；B. Team
up with.提出； C. Set foot in.踏上； D. Make up for.弥补，故选 D。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Carbon dioxide emissions from transportation are now thought as the top source of green—house gases. One of the most effective ways to reduce your carbon footprint is to reconsider how much, and how often, you travel. (交通运输排放的二氧化碳现在被 认为是温室气体的主要来源。减少碳足迹最有效的方法之一就是重新考虑旅行的次数和频 率。)”可知本文主要介绍了如何选择适当的出行方式，降低运输中的碳足迹，故 A 选项“降 低运输中的碳足迹”符合题意，故选 A。
32 ．D 33 ．C 34 ．B 35 ．A 36 ．C 37 ．B 38 ．C 39 ．A 40 ．B 41 ．D 42 ．D
43 ．A 44 ．C 45 ．B 46 ．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了目前， 与能源生产有关的二氧化碳排放量已经稳 定，并分析了原因。
32 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但不管是什么，2 月 11 日，收集此类数据的政府间组织国 际能源署(IEA) 宣布，2019 年与能源相关的二氧化碳排放量与前一年持平(333 亿吨)。 A. circumstance 情况；B. environment 环境；C. contribution 贡献；D. organization 组织。空处 为上文“the International Energy Agency (IEA)”的同位语，说明这是一个组织。故选 D。
33 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但不管是什么，2 月 11 日，收集此类数据的政府间组织 国际能源署(IEA) 宣布，2019 年与能源相关的二氧化碳排放量与前一年持平(333 亿吨)。 A. available 可用的；B. similar 类似的；C. related 相关的；D. referred 被提及的。根据第一段 “Emissions of carbon dioxide (related to energy production) have stabilized, for now.”可知， 此处 说的是与能源有关的二氧化碳的排放量。故选 C。
34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：与能源相关的排放，包括(发电产生的)、供暖和运输， 占 世界工业二氧化碳排放量的 70%以上2 污染排放量保持不变的原因是煤炭使用量增加， 特别 是在富裕国家，再加上可再生能源的使用量增加。 A. call for 呼吁；B. account for 占；C. stand for 代表 ；D. allow for 考虑 到 。根据 下文 “ more than 70% of the world’s industrial CO2 pollution”可知，与能源有关的二氧化碳的排放量占世界工业二氧化碳污染的70%以上。故 选 B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：排放量保持不变的原因是煤炭使用量减少了，特别是在富裕 国家，同时可再生能源的使用量增加了。 A. decline 拒绝；B. increase 增加；C. promotion 晋 升；D. recovery 恢复。根据下文“particularly in rich countries, combined with an increase in the use
of renewable power”可知，煤炭的使用量的减少和可再生资源使用量的增加，造成煤炭使用
量减少了。故选 A。
36 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此， CO2-发电强度——衡量每千瓦时生产的汽油排放多少 气体的指标——下降了近 6.5%，达到 340 克一氧化碳2 每千瓦时。 A. product 产品； B. idea 想法；C. measure 方法，措施；D. result 后果。根据下文“how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt hour of petrol produced”可知，这是一种衡量方法。故选 C。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它已经在下降， 但这是过去十年平均水平的三倍。 A. floating 浮动；B. falling 下降；C. disappearing 消失；D. remaining 剩下。根据上文“fell by nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of CO2 per kilowatt hour”可知，尽管下降了，但是仍旧是过去十年平均水 平的 30 倍。故选 B。
38 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种下降抵消了电力生产增加的影响。A. outcome 结果；
B. change 改变；C. effect 效果；D. achievement 成就。根据下文“The average emission-intensity of power generation in 2019 was “lower than all but the most efficient gas-power plants”, according to the IEA.”可知，减少了排放量抵消了增加的发电量所造成的影响。故选 C。
39 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2013 年至 2016 年间，煤炭产量每年徘徊在 322 亿吨左右，
2017 年随着煤炭为发展中经济体提供燃料的使用量增加，煤炭产量再次上升。A. fuel 提供 燃料；B. regulate 调节；C. handle 处理；D. expand 扩大。根据上文“before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal ”可知， 2017 年随着煤炭为发展中经济体提供燃料的使用量增加， 煤炭产量 再次上升。故选 A。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在此之前的平稳期伴随着激动的声明，即此类排放已达到 峰值。A. frequent 频繁的；B. previous 之前的；C. natural 天然的；D. disastrous 灾难性的， 极糟糕的。根据上文“Between 2013 and 2016 they hovered around 32.2bn tonnes a year, before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal to ____8____ developing economies increased.”可知， 此处 说明以前出现的高原现象。故选 B。
41 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：本周也有人发表了类似的评论，也许也是过早的。 A. tips 提 示 ； B. plans 计 划 ； C. warnings 警 告 ； D. comments 评 论 。 根 据 下 文 “perhaps also prematurely”可知，本周有人给出了类似的评论。故选 D。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了煤炭使用的变化之外，低迷的经济可能也起到了一定
的作用， 数据显示， 气候比平时温和， 导致了几个拥有大量碳需求经济体的国家的排放量明 显下降。A. booming 蓬勃发展的；B. dynamic 动态的；C. strong 强的；D. depressed 经济萧
条 的 。根据 下文 “the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop in
emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies”可知， 煤炭的使用， 疲软 的经济也起到了重要的作用，降低了二氧化碳的增长。故选 D。
43 ．考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，来自亚马逊雨林的最新数据也让我们松了一口气。
A. In addition 此外；B. By contrast 相比之下；C. In consequence 结果；D. In fact 事实上。根 据下文“the latest data from the Amazon rainforest also make us feel relieved”可知，除此之外， 来自亚马逊雨林的最新数据也让我们松了一口气。故选 A。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是世界上最大的林地之一，历史上一直作为吸收二氧化碳 的海绵，通过光合成将其从大气中去除。A. accidentally 意外；B. absolutely 绝对；C. historically 历史上；D. correctly 正确地。根据空后“as an absorbing sponge for CO2 by removing it from the atmosphere through photo-synthesis”可知， 作为世界上最大的森林， 从历史上亚马逊热带雨林 就充当吸收二氧化碳的作用。故选 C。故选 C。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴西国家空间研究所(National Institute for Space Research) 的研究人员表明， 亚马逊东南部的大部分地区(约占其面积的五分之一) 已经失去了吸收气 体的能力，现在反而成为了大气中的净排放源。 A. prospect 前景；B. ability 能力；C. need 需 要 ；D. decision 决定 。根据下文 “and is now a net source of emissions into the atmosphere instead”可知，这个地区已经失去了吸收气体的能力。故选 B。
46 ．考查词义辨析。句意：这片土地被广泛砍伐，因此结果并不令人惊讶。但这令人失望。
A. anger 愤怒；B. hope 希望；C. devotion 献身精神；D. surprise 惊喜。根据“This land has been widely deforested”可知，因为大量砍伐，因此这样的结果并不令人惊讶。故选 D。
47 ．A 48 ．E 49 ．F 50 ．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何拯救我们的地球。
47．根据上文“We’re more aware than ever of the mark our consumption leaves on planet Earth, which now sustains nearly 8 billion people. Somehow, humans are still pumping more than 30 gig a tons of carbon dioxide(CO2)per year into the atmosphere, despite the mountain of evidence that CO2 is the top contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming.(我们比以往任何时候都 更加清楚我们的消费给地球留下的印记，而地球现在养活着近 80 亿人。尽管有大量证据表 明二氧化碳是导致全球变暖的温室气体的罪魁祸首，但人类每年仍在向大气中排放超过 30 亿 吨 的 二 氧 化 碳 )” 以 及 后 文 “We know we need to do better, but we feel helpless and
overwhelmed. Let’s call this the eco-essential crisis; it applies on a deeply personal level for most
environmentally aware humans, and on a global scale.(我们知道我们需要做得更好， 但我们感到 无助和不知所措。我们称之为生态本质危机；它适用于大多数具有环境意识的人类，并且适 用于全球范围内的个人层面)”可知， 上文说明了人类每年排放大量二氧化碳， 故本句承接上 文说明这一事实带来的启示：这并不意味着这不关你的事。故 A 选项“这并不意味着这不关 你的事”符合语境，故选 A。
48．根据上文“Climate journalist and author Tatiana Schlossberg says even a simple trip to the supermarket can feel paralyzing in 2021. “I want to buy the local thing, but it’s not organic. Or, maybe it’s in a plastic box,” she says. In her 2019 book Inconspicuous Consumption, she ventures way beyond the store aisle and into the web of less apparent ways that humans are damaging Earth. For example, your internet use is tied to extensive carbon emissions and energy consumption.(气候 记者兼作家 Tatiana Schlossberg 表示， 在 2021 年， 即使是去超市一趟简单的旅行也会让人感 到瘫痪。“我想买当地的东西，但不是有机的。或者，它可能装在一个塑料盒子里，”她说。 在她 2019 年出版的《不显眼的消费》一书中，她探索了商店货架之外的领域，探索了人类 破坏地球的不那么明显的方式。例如， 你的互联网使用与大量的碳排放和能源消耗联系在一 起)”以及后文“The world is more complicated than that.(世界比这复杂得多)”可知， 本段主要说 明了 Tatiana Schlossberg 的环保做法，且上文提到了互联网的使用，可知本句是在说明 Schlossberg 对互联网使用的看法。故 E 选项“Schlossberg 认为， 这个问题的解决方案并不是 让你停止使用互联网”符合语境，故选 E。
49．根据上文“In fact, being a good citizen on planet Earth with climate concerns, you’ve likely asked or agonized over this question: What should I do (事实上， 作为一个关心气候问题的地球 上的好公民，你可能会问或苦恼于这个问题：我应该做什么？)”以及后文“So, we took this question to five people who have immersed their careers, research and writing in the realities of climate science.(所以， 我们把这个问题交给了五个人， 他们的职业、研究和写作都致力于气 候科学的现实)”可知， 上文提出了关于该做什么的问题， 可知本句是在对上文问题的回答并 与下文构成因果关系， 故 F 选项“人们很容易迷失在围绕社交媒体、最新的数据集和“自我友 好”的营销活动的假想答案的风暴中”符合语境，故选 F。
50．根据上文“One of their most consistent insights may surprise you: Consumer responsibility misses the mark. “One of the major failings of the environmental movement is having everyone focus on these small things that everyone can do.” says Ayana Elizabeth Johnson — a marine
biologist and co-host of the podcast How to Save a Planet.(他们最一致的观点之一可能会让你大
吃一惊：消费者责任没有击中要害。“环保运动的主要失败之一就是让每个人都把注意力集 中在这些每个人都能做的小事上。海洋生物学家、播客“如何拯救地球”的共同主持人Ayana Elizabeth Johnson 说)”以及后文“There arejust more meaningful and long-lasting ways to expend your energy in the climate fight. Most of them involve organization and collective action.(在应对 气候变化的斗争中， 还有更有意义、更持久的方式来消耗你的能源。其中大部分涉及组织和 集体行动)”可知， 上文说明了环保运动的主要失败之一是让每个人都把注意力集中在这些每 个人都能做的小事上， 可知挑战在于改变的事情太多， D 选项中environmental movement 对 应上文中。故 D 选项“环保运动的部分挑战是我们需要改变的事情的惊人清单”符合语境， 故选 D。
51.Modbury, a small town in the south of England, is the first plastic bag-free town in Europe, thanks to Rebecca Hosking, who put forward this idea after seeing the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife. Her idea caught on and there was even an activity to clean up the beach. Though famous, Modbury is still an ordinary town.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍莫德伯里是英格兰南部的一个小镇， 是欧洲第一个没 有塑料袋的小镇，是一个名叫丽贝卡 · 霍斯金，在看到塑料袋对野生动物的影响后提出了这 个想法。她的想法很成功了， 还发起一个清理海滩的活动。莫德伯里虽然很有名， 但它仍然 是一个普通的城镇。
【详解】 1 要点摘录
①Modbury is a typical small town of the south of England.
②Plastic bags have been well and truly dumped!
③The removal of the plastic bags was the brainchild of Rebecca Hosking, Modbury resident and documentary-maker.
④Rebecca was horrified at the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife off Hawaii.
⑤To prove that the townsfolk are not only committed to reducing plastic waste, they organised a mass beach clean-up last year.
⑥And, contrary to some of the initial reports, it is a normal town, trying to live life in a slightly different way.
2.缜密构思
将第 1 、2 、3 、4 四个要点进行整合，将第 5 、6 两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
Modbury, a small town in the south of England, is the first plastic bag-free town in Europe. Rebecca Hosking put forward this idea after seeing the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife. Her idea caught on and there was even an activity to clean up the beach. Modbury is still an ordinary town.
【点睛】[高分句型 1] Modbury, a small town in the south of England, is the first plastic bag-free town in Europe, thanks to Rebecca Hosking, who put forward this idea after seeing the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife. (运用了 who 引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型 2]：Though famous, Modbury is still an ordinary town. (运用了状语从句的省略)
52 ．Now, people are aware of the importance/significance of protecting the environment.
【详解】考查时态和短语。句子陈述现在的事实，用一般现在时；“意识到”用be aware of 表达， 作谓语；“环境保护的重要性”用 the importance/significance of protecting the environment 表达。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为 Now, people are aware of the importance/significance of protecting the environment.
53 ．It is claimed that this kind of diet pill produces an obvious and immediate effect and does no harm to humans, but it is far from the truth/fact.
【详解】考查动词、名词、形容词和从句。根据中文提示和句意可知， 这里时态应用一般现 在时，表示“有人声称”应用句型 Itis claimed that，其中 it 为形式主语；表示“这种减肥药丸 效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害”应用句子 this kind of diet pill produces an obvious and immediate effect and does no harm to humans，和前面 that 一起构成主语从句；表示“但事实远 非如此”应用句子 but it is far from the truth/fact。故翻译为 It is claimed that this kind of diet pill produces an obvious and immediate effect and does no harm to humans, but it is far from the truth/fact.
54 ．Is it true that everyone is willing to take part in the activity
【详解】考查动词、名词和主语从句。根据中文提示和句意可知， 本句时态应用一般现在时。 表示“真的吗？ ”应用句型 Isit true that... ，其中 it 为形式主语；表示“人人愿意参加这活动”应 用句子 everyone is willing to take part in the activity，和前面的 that 一起构成主语从句。故翻 译为 Is it true that everyone is willing to take part in the activity
55 ．It was the consequence of this dust storm that made people fully realize the importance of planting trees.
【详解】考查时态、名词和强调句。根据中文提示和句意可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。
表示“正是”应用强调句形式 it was...that/who；表示“这场沙尘暴的后果”应用名词短语 the
consequence of this dust storm，在本句中作主语，且也是强调的内容，用 that；表示“使人们 充分认识到植树的重要性” ，make sb. do sth. (让某人做某事)，应用短语 made people fully realize the importance of planting trees。故翻译为 It was the consequence of this dust storm that made people fully realize the importance of planting trees.
56 ．Dear Friends,
Faced with the environmental problem caused by plastic bottles in our school, we are writing this letter to raise your awareness of the need to protect our school. You can help simply by participating in the No Plastic Water Bottles campaign.
Firstly, you are supposed to carry your water in a reusable bottle. In this way, you don’t need to buy bottled water. Besides, if you have to purchase a plastic bottled beverage, recycle the bottle after use. What’s more, you can persuade your family members and friends to get involved in this campaign.
Everyone is responsible for making our school cleaner and better by doing what we can. Let’s start NOW.
The Students’ Union
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是逸仙中学学生会主席， 你校即将举行主题为“No Plastic Water Bottles”的一项环保活动。请你用英语写一封倡议书。
【详解】 1.词汇积累
提高： raise→improve
应该： be supposed to→should
参加： get involved in→take part in
此外： besides→in addition
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句： Everyone is responsible for making our school cleaner and better by doing what we can. 拓展句：It is a responsibility for everyone to make our school cleaner and better by doing what we
can.
【点睛】 [高分句型 1] Faced with the environmental problem caused by plastic bottles in our school, we are writing this letter to raise your awareness of the need to protect our school. (运用了
过去分词作状语和定语)
[ 高分句型 2] Besides, if you have to purchase a plastic bottled beverage, recycle the bottle after use. (运用了if 引导条件状语从句)

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