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选择性必修三
Unit3 Environmental Protection（讲案）
一、重点词汇和短语回顾
已掌握请打√ 单词 音标 词性 中文释义
□ graph /ɡrɑ f/ n. 图，图表
□ emission / m n/ n. 排放，排放物
□ melt /melt/ v. 融化，熔化
□ starve /stɑ v/ v. 饿
□ ecology /i k l d i/ n. 生态，生态学
□ release /r li s/ v. 排放，释放
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
□ habitable / h b t bl/ adj. 适合居住的
□ sustain /s ste n/ v. 维持，承受地住
□ sustainable /s ste n bl/ adj. 可持续的，合理利用的
□ fossil / f sl/ n. 化石
□ fuel / fju l/ n. 燃料，刺激性言行
□ comprehensive / k mpr hens bl/ adj. 全部的，所有的，综合的
□ worldwide / w ld wa d/ adv. 遍及全球的
□ trend /trend/ n. 趋势，趋向
□ frequently / fri kw ntli/ adv. 频繁地，经常
□ broadcast / br dkɑ st/ v. n. 广播，播送
□ policy / p l si/ n. 政策，方针
□ footprint / f tpr nt/ n. 足迹，面积
□ restrict /r str kt/ v. 限制，限定
□ seize /si z/ v. 抓住，夺取
□ basin / be sn/ n. 盆，盆地
□ reform /r f m/ v. n. 改革
□ undergo / nd ɡ / v. 经历，经受
□ implement /' mpl m nt/ v. 执行，贯彻，使生效
□ harmonious /hɑ m ni s/ adj. 和谐的
□ moderate / m d r t/ adj. v. 适度的，温和的；缓和
□ submit /s b m t/ v. 提交，呈递
□ annual / nju l/ adj. 每年的，一年的
□ tropical / tr p kl/ adj. 热带的
□ chaos / ke s/ n. 混乱，杂乱，紊乱
□ on behalf of 代表......
□ nuclear / nju kli r/ adj. 原子的
□ sensitive / sens t v/ adj. 敏感的，善解人意的
□ jungle / d ɡl/ n. 密林，丛林
□ smog /sm ɡ/ n. 烟雾
□ originate / r d ne t/ v. 起源，发源
□ volume / v lju m/ n. 量，体积
□ garbage / ɡɑ b d / n. 垃圾，废物
□ enterprise / ent pra z/ n. 公司，企业
□ restore /r st (r)/ v. 恢复，使复原
□ conservation / k ns ve n/ n. 对（环境、文物）保护、保持
□ dozen / d zn/ n. 一打，十二个
□ dozens of 很多，许多
□ regulation / reɡju le n/ n. 章程，规章制度
□ disposal /d sp zl/ n. 去掉，清楚，处理
□ inspection / n spek n/ n. 检查，查看
□ fine /fa n/ v. 对......处以罚款
□ campaign /k m pe n/ n. v. 运动，战役
□ waterway / w t we / n. 水道，航道
□ tolerate / t l re t/ v. 忍受，包容，容许
□ agenda / d end / n. 议程表，议事日程
1
二、课文中的长难句和语法
（一）长难句
1. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和（见图标）。
考点: there is little/no doubt that 的用法
(1)模拟造句：
毫无疑问，他们在这件事上同意你的观点。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： There’s no doubt that they agree with you on this matter.
(2) 归纳拓展：
疑问的 _______________________
doubtful
无疑地，必定___________________________
no/without/beyond doubt
怀疑，拿不定主意___________________________
in doubt
2. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
大气层中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，吸取了一部分热量，使地球气候保持温暖，适宜居住。
考点: keep +宾语+adj/adv. 的用法
(1)模拟造句：
保持我们的环境干净和整洁是我们的责任。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： It Is our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.
冬吃萝卜夏吃姜，不用医生开药方。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： White radishes in winter and ginger in summer keep the doctor away.
(2) 归纳拓展：
“keep + 宾语 + 宾补”的其他常见用法：
keep + 宾语 +
练习：
① 善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下去。
A good listener takes part in the conversation, offering ideas and raising questions to _______________.
keep the conversation flowing
② 我希望你能让我了解你的工作进展如何。
I hope you will _________________ how you are getting on with your work.
keep me informed of
③ 为了更容易跟我们取得练习，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。
To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better __________________.
keep the card at hand
3. There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human human lives.
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
有充分和全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不仅造成严重破坏，而且还造成人命损失。
考点: there’s ... evidence that ...
not only ... but also ...
(1)模拟造句：
美国人和英国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相通的社会风俗。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The Americans and The British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.
我们不仅谈论我们感兴趣的事情来练习我们的口语，而且交流我们的学习经验。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： Not only do we talk about things we are interested in to practice our oral English, but also exchange our experience in English study.
4. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
持续的温室气体排上将导致全球气候进一步变暖和长期变化。
考点: 过去分词作定语
语法填空：
① Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _________ (spend) with his students.
答案：spent，过去分词作后置定语，与逻辑主语time是被动关系
② After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelop ________ (provide).
答案：provided，过去分词作后置定语，与逻辑主语envelop是被动关系。
用法拓展：
过去分词(短语)做定语
(1)过去分词(短语)做定语常用来修饰名词或代词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示完成;不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。
(2)过去分词(短语)做定语分为前置和后置两种情况:
①前置定语:单个的过去分词做定语，通常放在被修饰词之前，但有些单个的过去分词习惯上放在所修饰词语的后面，如left(剩余的)。
②后置定语:过去分词短语做定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一一个定语从句。
This is a used stamp.这是-张用过的邮票。 (表示被动和完成)
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(只表示完成)
5. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
我们有责任抓住每一个机会教育每个人关于全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为这是影响我们这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题。
考点：现在分词作定语
语法填空：
① When we got a call ________ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
答案：saying，现在分词作后置定语，与逻辑主语call是主谓关系。
② The poor girl appeared so frightened. She must have seen something _________ (frighten) on her way home.
答案：frightening，现在分词作后置定语，与逻辑主语something是主谓关系。
用法拓展：
现在分词作定语：
(1)位置:单个现在分词做定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；现在分词短语做定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。
(2)形式:现在分词做定语有doing和being done两种形式，一般不用having done形式。
(3)意义:doing表示主动且动作正在进行或现在(当时)的状态。being done表示被动且动作正在进行。
(4)扩展成句:现在分词短语做后置定语时可以扩展成定语从句。
All people present at the meeting felt shocked at the shocking decision announced by the manager. 会场所有人对经理宣布的令人难以置信的决定感到震惊。
The house being built here belongs to John.这里正在建的那所房子是约翰的。
If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations Peace keepers. = If you see soldiers who are wearing sky-blue helmets ，they are United Nations Peacekeepers. 如果你看见戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。
（二）语法
直接引语与间接引语
【课前检测】
1. A tourist explained to a foreigner why the flag _________ (fly) at half mast (下半旗).
【答案】flew，主语动作explain是过去式，宾语从句用过去式。
2. The scientist said he _________ (spend) 15 years working in this field.
答案：had spent，主句动作say是过去时，从句动作spend从15年之前一直持续到说话的时刻。
3. Tom said some fresh air _________ (need).
答案：was needed，过去式的被动
4. The public was requested not _________ (throw) waste paper away in the park.
答案：to do，be requested not to do sth
5. The pilot told us light _________ (travel) faster than sound.
答案：travels，真理和事实性动作用一般现在时。
【课中讲解】
（一）、定义
引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接;间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句联接。
（二）、直接引语变间接引语:
1、变人称 (动词的变化可根据实际情况，可用say, tell, ask, beg等)
①如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。
She said,“My brother wants to go shopping with me.”
→ She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.
②如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。 如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
He said to Kate,“How is your sister now ”
→ He asked to Kate how her sister was then.
He asked,“Is your father older than your mother ”
→ He asked me if my father is older than my mother.
③如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
Mr. Smith said,“Jack (he) is a good student.”
→ Mr. Smith said Jack (he) was a good boy.
2、变时态
①主句为一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时态不变；
主句为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化:
一般现在时→ 一般过去时；现在进行时→ 过去进行时；
一般将来时→ 过去将来时；现在完成时→ 过去完成时 ；
一般过去时→ 过去完成时； 过去完成时仍为过去完成时，过去进行时仍为过去进行时。
She says, “I plant trees in the spring.”
→ She says that she plants trees in the spring.
The girl said, “I’m writing.”
→ The girl said that she was writing.
The boy said, “I have finished reading the book.”
→ The boy said that he had finished reading the book.
3. 变状语
某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下:
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
today that day now then,at that moment
yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before
here there tomorrow the next day/the following day
this that the day after tomorrow two days after/in two days
these those next week/month.. the next week/month...
come go last week/month... the week/month...before
bring take
4. 变句型
①陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。
He said,“I'm very glad.”
→ He said that he was very glad.
②一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。
He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John ”
→ He asked if (whether) John could come that afternoon.
③特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when等疑问句引导的宾语从句。
He said, “Where is Mr. Wang ”
→ He said where Mr. Wang was.
④直接引语是祈使句变为tell ( ask, order, beg等) sb. (not) to do sth.句型
“Open the door, please.” said she. (Mary said)
→ She asked him(me) to open the door.
⑤直接引语是let's 开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词或从句。
He said,“Let's go to see the movies.”
→ He suggested going to see the movies.
→ He suggested that they should go to see the movies.
【过关检测】
将下列句子改为间接引语【★★☆】
1. (北京卷改编 )Then the softball coach shouted out,' Does anyone know CPR "
__________________________________________________________________________________
Then the softball coach asked if/ whether someone knew CPR.
2.(北京卷改编)The man said, " My neighborhood will be back even stronger than before.
__________________________________________________________________________________
The man said ( that) his neighborhood would be back, even stronger than before.
3.(江苏卷改编)Kut asked, “John, what is your plan for personal growth "
__________________________________________________________________________________
Kurt asked John what his plan for personal growth was.
4. "Can I help you " a man asked me.
__________________________________________________________________________________
A man asked me if whether he could help me.
5. Sarah said," My dad thinks I should take the offer now.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Sarah said (that) her dad thought she should take the offer then.
6.(2018 .天津卷改编)I called out,“Sally! Come down immediately!"
__________________________________________________________________________________
I ordered/commanded Sally to go down immediately.
7.(全国卷II改编) I said to each student," Make something out of the Tinkertoys.
__________________________________________________________________________________
I asked each student to make something out of the Tinkertoys
8. George said,"I will go to school to see you tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________________________________
George said (that) he would come to school to see me the next day.
三、课后练习
【单项选择】
【★★☆】1. The majority of people in the town strongly ________ the plan to build a playground for children.
A. consider B. support C. confirm D. submit
答案：B，根据前后文可知，support支持这个计划。
2.【★★★】 After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself, he ________it into the sea.
A. transported B. unloaded C. released D. handled
答案：C，根据前后文，把鲸鱼释放release到大海里。
3. 【★★☆】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet________life has develop gradually.
A.that B.where C.which D.whose
答案：D，定语从句，从句中Life缺定语。
4. 【★★★】His comprehensive surveys have provided the most ______ statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary
答案：C，形容词辨析，original原始的陈述，explicit清楚明确的，ambiguous模糊的，arbitrary任意的
5.【★★☆】 They’ve won their last three matches________ I find a bit surprising actually.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
答案：D，定语从句，先行词是matches, 从句中缺宾语
6. 【★★★】Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ______ smile and let him go.
A. cautious B. grateful C. tolerant D. wild
答案：C，根据前后文可知，宽容的tolerant的微笑。
7. 【★★☆】More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made
答案：B，in the years ahead味蕾的几年，用将来时。
8. 【★☆☆】Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_______nature.
A. in view of B. in need of C. in touch with 　 D. in harmony with
答案：D，名词短语考察，生存下去的唯一方法是与自然和谐。
9.【★★☆】 ______everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
A. By means of B. On behalf of C. In search of D. For fear of
答案：B，固定搭配，代表这里的所有人。
10.【★★★】Tony is______the guidebook，looking for information about Japan，where he will travel soon.
A.tracing B.skipping C.inspecting D.scanning
答案：D，根据前后文，浏览旅游手册来获取信息。
【语法填空】
1. 【★★☆】In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease, _________ (starve) or abandonment, ________ the terrible reality of violence.
答案：starvation, but，根据前后文的并列关系第一空使用starve的名词形式，第二空前后文为转折关系的连词。
2.【★★☆】 The rainforest was disappearing at an _________ (alarm) rate, which should arouse the government’s attention.
答案：alarming，惊人的速度
3. 【★★☆】Scientists have obtained more evidence _________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
答案：that，同位语从句
4. 【★☆☆】The snow had _________(melt), but the lake was still frozen solid.
答案：melted，过去完成时
5. 【★★☆】Last year, the companies _________ (undergo) a more thorough review of whether they lived up to the Code of Conduct’s principles.
答案：underwent，根据last year可知使用过去式
1.【★★☆】There’s a _________ (shock) look on his face. He must have seen something he had never thought of.
答案：shocked，震惊的
2. 【★★☆】The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear ________ (evident) of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.
答案：evidence，根据前后文可知缺名词
3.【★★☆】 ________ (sustain) development of society and environment is closely related to human culture.
答案：sustainable，根据后文可知缺形容词，sustainable development可持续发展
4. 【★★☆】The relaxation of travel _________ (restrict) means they are free to travel and work.
答案：restrictions，缺名词，出行限制restrictions
5. 【★★☆】So far large amounts of food _________ (transport) to the earthquake-stricken area.
答案：have been transported，so far可知用现在完成时，而主语food与transport是被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动
6. 【★★☆】Seeing the terrible scene, John _________ (seize) with horror and ran out of the room.
答案：was seized， 固定搭配be seized with，后文可知用过去时
7. 【★★☆】Given that many people’s moods _________(regulation) By the chemical action of chocolate, it is probably only a matter of time before somebody make the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.
答案：are regulated，句子缺谓语动词，情绪与regulated是被动关系
8.【★★☆】 The football game will be b__________ live on television and radio.
答案：broadcast，广播，broadcast过去分词
9.【★★☆】 Many broken pieces of the terracotta warriors and horses still lay within the pits, waiting _________(restore) in the future．
答案：to be restored，不定式的被动
10. 【★★☆】Adults and young people around New Zealand _________(submit) 350 photographs that captured different elements of New Zealand.
答案：submitted，由后文可知考察过去时
【过关检测】
（一）、【★★☆】请选出下列词汇的英文释义
________ 1. sustain a) to suffer or die because you do not have enough food to eat; to make sb suffer or die in this way
【答案】d，维持，保持
________ 2. frequently b) the act of looking closely at sth/sb, especially to check that everything is as it should be
【答案】f，频繁地
________ 3. starve c) to allow sb to do sth that you do not agree with or like
【答案】a，饿
________ 4. enterprise d) to provide enough of what sb/sth needs in order to live or exist;to make sth continue for some time without becoming less
【答案】i，公司
________ 5. inspection e) an organized course of action to achieve a particular goal
【答案】a，检查
________ 6. campaign f) often
【答案】e，活动，运动
________ 7. tolerate g) to accept the authority, control or greater strength of sb/sth; to agree to sth because of this; to give a document, proposal, etc. to sb in authority so that they can study or consider it
【答案】c，容忍
________ 8. submit h) to let sb/sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped
【答案】g，屈服，提交
________ 9. release i) a company or business
【答案】h，释放
（二）、请根据首字母提示，完成下列单词填空题。答对请选A，答错请选B。
【A/B】1.【★☆☆】6. The record has already proved a success and may well start a t_________ (潮流).
答案：trend
【A/B】2.【★☆☆】 This is a p _________（政策）we have pursued consistently.
答案：policy
【A/B】3.【★★☆】 The e_________ which has been operating in the red has decided to switch to other production.
答案：enterprise，公司
【A/B】4.【★★★】 Energy c_________ should be encouraged through higher excise duty (消费税) and deregulated prices.
答案：conservation，保护，节约
【A/B】5.【★★☆】 Speed is r_________ to 30mph in towns.
答案：restricted，限制
现在分词 （表示主动或者状态的持续）
过去分词 (表示被动或状态的持续)
介词短语
名词
PS: 以下情况时态不变
①主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时
He says,“I cleaned the room.”→ He says he cleaned the room.
②直接引语是客观真理
The teacher said,“The earth moves around the sun.”
→ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.
③直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式
The doctor said,“You should stay in bed for 2 days.”
→ The doctor said I should better stay in bed for 2 days.
④直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语
Jack said,“I was born on April 21, 1980.”→Jack said he was born on April21, 1980.
⑤直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时态不变。
He said,“I get up at six every morning.”
→He said he gets up at six every morning.
She asked him (me) to open thedoor.
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