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How to perfect your composition
—— Choose the proper form of subject to polish your composition.
高考英语书面表达——巧用主语 润色文章 学历案
【学习主题】
How to perfect your composition —— Choose the proper form of subject to polish your composition.
【课标要求】
知识要求：通过读与看，获取语篇的主要信息、观点；能识别语篇为传递意义而选用的主要词汇和语法结构；能识别语篇特征和行文格式。
2.核心素养要求：通过学习理解、应用实践、迁移创新等层层递进的活动，以及感知与注意、获取与梳理、概括与整合等基于语篇的学习活动，学习尝试运用语言表达意义和观点；能够使用多模态语篇资源，达到特殊的表达效果；能使用特殊词汇、语法，创造性地表达意义；能够批判性地审视语篇的结构、语言特征和行文格式，并给出有创造性的合理改进建议。
【学习建议】
1.从不同的角度认知语言项目，关注语言项目的形式以及意义和用法。
2.通过观察、比较、和总结等手段，概括语篇的文体、语言和结构的特点。
【学习评价】
通过比较和分析，解释具体文本中特有的语言形式的意义和意象效果。
根据语篇类型和特点，使用恰当的句子、段落和篇章结构。
【学习目标】
After this lesson, the students will be able to:
Underline the subject of the sentence ;
Speak out the different forms of the subjects;
Change the subject into various forms to make the sentence varied;
Using different forms as the subject in writing properly.
【学习过程】
学习环节一 学生展示 (5 minutes)
Three students have been assigned to write a composition in advance. Now, they can show us what they have written by reading their composition aloud and show it on the screen with the help of the projector.
假定你是李华，学校组织学生参加中外文化交流小使者（little envoys of cultural exchange）选拔活动，请根据以下内容写一份英文电子邮件申请参选：
个人简介；
申请理由；
联系方式。
注意：
词数100左右；
可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
_________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
学习环节二 课前作业纠错 (5 minutes)
Read and mark these three compositions together with the whole class, making some necessary changes to improve the essay.
学习环节三
导入新课 （Focus on the subject of the sentence）(1 minutes)
After marking the compositions, ask the students to have a brief conclusion of different ways to revise a composition. (When we are reviewing a composition, we should pay attention to the following elements: format, structure, spelling and expressions and so on.) Then, purposefully guide the students to focus on the subject of the sentence, which may be left out by them while revising their compositions. Thus, the topic can be led in naturally: how to use different forms as the subject to make the sentences of your composition flexible and varied.
活动一 （Find out the different forms of the subject）(3 minutes)
Show some sentences to the students and ask them to underline the subjects of each sentence. After observing and analyzing the different forms of the subject, help the students understand what kind of forms can be used as subject and lay the foundation for the following activity.
1. David arrived last night. n.
2. Who is speaking, please pron.
3. Two will be enough. num.
4. Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time. v-ing
5. To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. to do
6. How to do well is a very important question. Phrase
7. What you lack is self-confidence. clause
8. It is true that more and more students are admitted into universities. it
活动二 (Group discussion)（Change the forms of the subject）( 8 minutes)
Divide the students into 4 groups and give them four carefully selected sentences to practise, including underlining and changing the subjects but not change the meaning of the sentences, which will help the students have a good command of different forms of the subject. Each group deal with one sentence.
Careful preparation is needed for a long trip.
What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation.
To prepare carefully is needed for a long trip.
Preparing carefully is needed for a long trip.
It is needed to prepare carefully for a long trip.
That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody.
It excites everybody that Jay Zhou will come to my city.
What excites everybody is that Jay Zhou will come to my city.
Jay Zhou’s coming to my city excites everybody.
We have not decided whether we will travel abroad or not.
It has not been decided whether we will travel abroad or not.
Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.
What has not been decided is whether we will travel abroad or not.
Why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago remains a puzzle.
It remains a puzzle Why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.
What remains a puzzle is why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.
活动三（Enjoy a video about inanimate subject无灵主语）(6 minutes)
Share with the students a micro lecture about inanimate subject from Mr. Yang, a teacher from Fuyuan County. For this part, the students are asked to watch and take notes of what they find useful in the video. Not all the students can absorb it. Some students may find it interesting, while others may feel it difficult to use this skill. just watch, think, appreciate and try to feel the use of inanimate subject, and that is enough. So, Using the examples from the video, I will give a brief explanation about inanimate subject to help the students under stand the use of inanimate subject as much as possible. The students’ notes may include the following sentences:
他丧失了信心。
Confidence deserted him.
那一夜，我无法入睡。
That night sleep eluded me. (elude 避开 )
他进城了。
Business took him t the town.
到了黄昏的时候，我们才走了一半的路。
Sunset met us halfway.
我们全家在一个风和日丽的星期天去海滨远足。
A warm and sunny Sunday found my whole family going for an outing at the beach.
最近几年，很多老外跑到中国来旅游，学习或者做生意。
The past few years witnessed the great influx of foreigners to China, for traveling, studies or business. ( influx 流入、汇集)
活动四（Use different forms of subjects to perfect a composition. You can also choose to use inanimate subject, if you can.）(10 minutes)
Give each students two compositions to read (actually, they are written by the Senior Three students in the Yunnan Provincial Unified Testing). A volunteer can come to the platform to show us how he/she will change the subjects into different forms. By comparison and discussion, the students will find that the use of different forms of the subject will give the readers different feelings. Then, they are required to sort out the compositions that use the same form of subjects. Of course, they will also be involved in changing forms of the subjects to beautify and diversify the sentences to perfect the composition.
学习环节四 作业布置 (3 minutes)
【检测与作业】
Underline the subjects of each sentence in the given composition;
Change the subjects into another form to improve the article;
Think about whether there are other ways to polish a composition and write down your opinions so that you can share your ideas with us.
【学后反思】
The sentence is a basic component of an article, and the subject is a vital part of a sentence, so varying the subject can help us make the sentence flexible, thus helping us to perfect the whole composition.
【板书设计】
Subject
n. pron. num. v-ing to do phrase sentence (subject clause) it
inanimate subject 无灵主语
Your interesting class allows us to learn a lot about the different forms of the subject.

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