人教版(2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习(含解析)

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人教版(2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习(含解析)

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第10练 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习
单词变形
1. die v. 死(亡)→ n. 死; 死亡→ adj. 死的; 无生命的
2. shock vt. (使)震惊; 震动→ adj. 令人震惊的→ adj. 震惊的
3. electricity n. 电; 电流; 电学→ adj. 电的; 用电的→ adj. 发电的
4. breathe vt. & vi 呼吸→ n. 呼吸
5. wise adj. 聪明的→ n. 智慧; 才智
6. suffer vt. & vi. 遭受; 忍受; 经历→ n. 痛苦, 苦难
7. survive v. 生存; 生还→ n. 幸存; 继续生存→ n. 幸存者; 残存物
8. power n. 电力供应; 能量; 力量; 控制力→ adj. 强大的; 强有力的→ adj. 无力的; 没有能力的; 无权力的
9. emergency n. 突发事件; 紧急情况→ adj. 新兴的
10. length n. 长; 长度→ adj. 长的
重点词组
1. 严重受损; 破败不堪
2. 震惊; 吃惊
3. 数以万计的
4. 谈起; 说起; 提到; 指的是
5. 至少; 起码; 无论如何
6. 露天; 在户外
7. 结束
8. 站在……(达特定水平)
9. 消灭; 彻底消除
10. 现有(尤指帮助)
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1.Finally they ______(rescue) by helicopter yesterday.
2.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in ______(ruin).
3.There isn’t a ______(breathe) of wind today.
4.Her head was buried ______ the book while she was reading.
5.Heavy smoking makes him ______(breath).
6.She received many letters of support from fellow__________(suffer).
7.As far as I know, he survived ______ a small bottle of water in the desert.
8.In the traffic accident, the _______________(survive) were all badly injured.
9.A large crowd came ______ the aid of the injured.
10.______ the aid of the local guide, we finally made it out of the jungle.
11.What the teacher says and does always has a great effect ______ his students.
12.They have reduced pollution through ______(effect) measures.
13.There’s no doubt that China is on the way to becoming a ________(power) country in the world.
14.It is reported that the volcano in Japan is showing signs of________(erupt) in recent years.
15.Climate change could have __________ (disaster) effects on the Earth.
16.The areas ____(strike) by Typhoon Molave took on a poor look, such as fallen trees and damaged buildings.
17.She was ________ (deep) affected by the sad story.
18.People often say beauty and_________ (wise) seldom go hand in hand but she is an exception.
19.30 percent of the land in this area _________ (be) covered with trees and grass.
20.The _________ (shock) news was a great shock to all of us, and it made us even more shocked.
21.The_________ (revive)of these old brands among youngsters in China owes much to the Internet.
22.Too much drinking will do damage_________your health; you should take the doctor’s advice.
23.Please remember to shut off the gas and ____(electric) in your house before going on holiday.
24.The snake usually reaches a ________ (long) of 100 cm.
25.More than half of the workers have been ________ strike already.
26.As far as I’m concerned, you should make a greater effort ______(study)hard.
27.This disaster could cause serious damage ________ the country’s economy.
28.When it was my turn to express my opinion, I was__________nervous to say a word.
29.The passengers __________ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane.
30.Do you know the people ______ live over the road
31.Now they were driving by the houses ______ Andy had described.
32.Located off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the biggest structure __________ is made by living organisms.
33.Alice is my friend __________ has a talent in drawing.
34.The earthquake should be responsible for the______ (dead) and loss.
35.The crops died during the ________ (dry).
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
36.The heavy rain has caused ________ (洪水) in many parts of the country.
37.A truck went out of control and ______ (碰撞) into the back of a bus.
38.Dee watched the ________(波浪) breaking against the stones.
39.A wonderful idea ________(使突然想到)me suddenly when I was walking on the street.
40.I was ______ (震惊的) to hear the news that a great fire broke out in the factory.
41.Two children fell into the river and many people tried to ______ (营救) them.
42.Cancer is the leading cause of ______ (死亡) in women.
43.These dead ducks should be ____________(埋葬) immediately since they aren’t fit to be eaten.
44.The big fire lasted for four hours and all the buildings along the street got ______ (毁坏).
45.Two people got ______(困住)in the lift this morning when the electricity was cut off.
三、完成句子
46.她跑开了,留下她的男友一个人在雨中等着。
She ran away and ________ alone.
47.天气很暖和,好像已经是春天了。
It is so warm that ________ already.
48.无论他们去什么地方,都受到了热烈欢迎。
________, they received a warm welcome.
49.面对灾难,我们应该保持积极的心态,为更美好的未来重建家园。
In times of disaster, we should_______________________.
50.我很感激,你把我从困境中解救了出来。
I’m grateful that you have ________ the difficult situation.
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. It seemed 51 the world was 52 an end! Eleven 53 (kilometer) directly below the city the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century began. It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack (裂缝) 54 was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut 55 houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock 56 (become ) rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay 57 ruins. Two-thirds of the people 58 (die) or were injured during the earthquake.
Thousands of families were killed and many 59 (child) were left without parents. 60 number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
第10练 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习答案
拓展单词
1. die v. 死(亡)→death n. 死; 死亡→dead adj. 死的; 无生命的
2. shock vt. (使)震惊; 震动→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 震惊的
3. electricity n. 电; 电流; 电学→electric adj. 电的; 用电的→electrical adj. 发电的
4. breathe vt. & vi 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸
5. wise adj. 聪明的→wisdom n. 智慧; 才智
6. suffer vt. & vi. 遭受; 忍受; 经历→suffering n. 痛苦, 苦难
7. survive v. 生存; 生还→survival n. 幸存; 继续生存→survivor n. 幸存者; 残存物
8. power n. 电力供应; 能量; 力量; 控制力→powerful adj. 强大的; 强有力的→powerless adj. 无力的; 没有能力的; 无权力的
9. emergency n. 突发事件; 紧急情况→emergent adj. 新兴的
10. length n. 长; 长度→long adj. 长的
核心短语
1. in ruins 严重受损; 破败不堪
2. in shock 震惊; 吃惊
3. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
4. refer to 谈起; 说起; 提到; 指的是
5. at least 至少; 起码; 无论如何
6. in the open air 露天; 在户外
7. come to an end 结束
8. stand at sth. 站在……(达特定水平)
9. sweep away 消灭; 彻底消除
10. on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
参考答案:
1.were rescued
【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:昨天他们终于被直升机救了出来。分析句子可知,rescue(营救)是句中谓语动词,与主语they之间是被动关系,句中有时间状语yesterday,应使用一般过去时态,又因主语they复数代词,所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上,谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态,复数形式。故填were rescued。
2.ruins
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:当他们第二天回到罗卡威时,发现他们的社区已经成了废墟。 in ruins成为废墟。ruin表示“废墟”时常用复数形式。根据句意,故填ruins。
3.breath
【详解】考查名词。句意:今天一点风也没有。分析句子可知,设空处位于不定冠词后,应用名词;breathe的名词形式为breath,表示“呼吸、气息、空气”,a breath of为固定短语,表示“一丝”。故填breath。
4.in
【详解】考查介词。句意:她阅读时头埋到了书里。固定搭配be buried in“埋头于;专心于”。故填in。
5.breathless
【详解】考查形容词。句意:吸烟过多使他气喘吁吁。分析句子可知,空处是宾语补足语,根据句意用形容词breathless“气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的”,符合句意,故填breathless。
6.sufferers
【详解】考查名词。句意:她收到了许多受害者的支持信。分析句子可知,空处放在介词from后,应用名词作宾语,结合句意可知,她收到了来自受害者的支持信,sufferer受害者,此处不止一个,用复数形式。故填sufferers。
7.on
【详解】考查介词。句意:据我所知,他靠一小瓶水在沙漠里存活了下来。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查动词短语survive on,表示“靠……存活”的意思。故填on。
8.survivors
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:在交通事故中,幸存者全部受重伤。此处做主语表示“幸存者”应用名词survivor,且根据下文were可知应用复数形式。故填survivors。
9.to
【详解】考查介词。句意:一大群人前来帮助伤者。come to the aid of意为“前来帮助”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用介词to。故填to。
10.With
【详解】考查介词短语。句意:在当地向导的帮助下,我们终于走出了丛林。根据句意可知,此处为介词短语with the aid of“在…… 的帮助下”,满足句意要求。故填With。
11.on
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:老师所说的和所做的总是对他的学生有很大的影响。have a great effect on sth为固定搭配,表示“对……产生巨大影响”。故填on。
12.effective
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他们通过有效的措施减少了污染。根据“They have reduced pollution”可知,此处是指通过有效的措施,所以应用形容词effective表示“有效的”作定语。故填effective。
13.powerful
【详解】考查形容词。句意:毫无疑问,中国正走在成为世界强国的路上。修饰名词用形容词powerful作定语,符合句意,故填powerful。
14.erupting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据报道,日本的火山近年来有爆发的迹象。分析句子结构,根据空白处前面的介词可知,空白处应填动词的动名词形式,故填erupting。
15.disastrous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:气候变化可能会对地球造成灾难性的影响。作定语应用形容词disastrous。故填disastrous。
16.struck/stricken
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被台风“莫拉维”袭击的地区,树木倒塌,建筑物受损,满目疮痍。句中谓语是took,空格处用非谓语动词,areas和strike之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词struck/stricken表被动,作后置定语。故填struck或stricken。
17.deeply
【详解】考查副词。句意:她深受这个悲伤故事的影响。分析句子结构可知,此处应为副词作状语,结合句意可知,此处表示抽象意义的“深深地”,所以使用deeply。故填deeply。
18.wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意:人们常说美貌和智慧很少同时出现,但她是个例外。此处在从句中作主语,应用名词wisdom,不可数。故填wisdom。
19.is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个地区30%的土地被树木和草覆盖。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时,且“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词形式要与of后面的名词保持一致,由“the land”可知谓语动词用单数。故填is。
20.shocking
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个令人震惊的消息对我们所有人来说都是一个令人震惊的事,它使我们更加震惊。设空处在句中修饰名词“news”,作定语,形容词shocking“令人震惊的”符合句意。故填shocking。
21.revival
【详解】考查名词。句意:这些老品牌在中国年轻人中的复兴很大程度上要归功于互联网。分析句意再根据空格前的the可知,此处应该用提示词的名词形式revival表示“复兴”符合语境,且是抽象名词。故填revival。
22.to
【详解】考查介词。句意:饮酒过多有害健康,你应该听取医生的建议。do damage to sth固定短语,表示“对……有害”符合句意。故填to。
23.electricity
【详解】考查名词。句意:度假前请记得关掉家里的煤气和电源。根据并列连词and 前名词 gas可知,用提示词的名词形式在句中作宾语。根据句意,故填electricity。
24.length
【详解】考查名词。句意:蛇通常长达100厘米。根据空白处前的冠词“a”可知,空白处填名词单数,在句中做宾语。long是形容词,名词是length,故填length。
25.on
【详解】考查介词短语。句意:一半以上的工人已经罢工了。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处是介词短语on strike“罢工”。故填on。
26.to study
【详解】考查不定式。句意:在我看来,你应该更加努力学习。分析句子可知,study作目的状语,用不定式形式,故填to study。
27.to
【详解】考查介词。句意:这场灾难可能对该国经济造成严重损害。cause damage to 带给……损害。根据句意,故填to。
28.too
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:轮到我发表意见时,我太紧张了以至于说不出话来。too…to..为固定短语,意为“太……以至于不能……”。故填too。
29.that/who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:在候机室里的乘客不得不等待另一架飞机。分析句子可知,此处为关系代词that/who引导的的定语从句,先行词passengers在从句中作主语成分。故填that/who。
30.who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你认识住在马路对面的人吗?分析句子可知,本句为定语从句修饰先行词the people,且先行词在从句中作主语,指人,故用关系代词who或that。故填who或that。
31.which/that
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意:现在他们正开车经过安迪描述过的那些房子。分析句子可知,the houses 是先行词,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。
32.that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:大堡礁位于澳大利亚海岸外,是由生物构成的最大的结构。句中先行词为structure ,且被最高级形容词修饰,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that引导。根据句意,故填that。
33.who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:爱丽丝是我有绘画天赋的朋友。空处引导限制性定语从句,句中先行词为friend,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。根据句意,故填who/that。
34.death
【详解】考查名词。句意:地震应该对死亡和损失负责。根据空前定冠词“the”及空后“and loss”可知,此处用名词death,与名词loss并列作介词for的宾语。故填death。
35.drought
【详解】考查名词。句意:庄稼在干旱期间枯死了。分析句子,设空处使用dry的名词drought作宾语,意为“干旱”。故填drought。
36.floods
【详解】考查名词。句意:这场大雨在这个国家的许多地方泛滥成灾。“洪水”译为:flood,当指“洪灾”时是可数名词,由空后的in many parts可知设空处应填入flood的复数形式。故填floods。
37.crashed
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:一辆卡车失去控制,撞在一辆公共汽车的后面。根据汉语意思“碰撞”且在句中做谓语应用动词crash,结合上文went可知应用一般过去时。故填crashed。
38.waves
【详解】考查名词。句意:迪看着海浪拍打着石头。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处使用名词wave,常用复数形式。故填waves。
39.struck
【详解】考查时态。句意:当我走在街上时,我突然有了一个奇妙的想法。由“A wonderful idea”可知,句子表示“我突然有了一个奇妙的想法”,由汉语提示“使突然想到”可知,句中用固定短语sth. strike sb.,意为“某人突然想到某事”,由“when I was walking on the street”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,空格处用过去式struck,故填struck。
40.shocked
【详解】考查形容词。句意:听到工厂发生大火的消息,我很震惊。根据汉语意思“震惊的”,表示人的感受,以及上文was可知应填形容词shocked作表语,故填shocked。
41.rescue
【详解】考查动词。句意:两个孩子掉进了河里,许多人试图营救他们。根据汉语意思“营救”以及上文try to do sth.可知应填动词原形rescue。故填rescue。
42.death
【详解】考查名词。句意:癌症是女性死亡的主要原因。根据汉语意思“死亡”以及上文of为介词后跟名词death做宾语,故填death。
43.buried
【详解】考查被动语态。句意:这些死鸭不宜食用,应立即埋葬。根据汉语提示可知,bury埋葬,动词,符合题意,此处表示被埋葬,所以空处谓语动词需用被动语态:should be done。故填buried。
44.destroyed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:大火持续了四个小时,沿街的所有建筑物都被烧毁了。根据汉语意思“毁坏”可知应填动词destroy,结合固定结构“get+done”,street与destroy构成被动关系,应用过去分词,故填destroyed。
45.trapped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:今天早上停电时,有两人被困在电梯里。根据汉语提示“困住”可知应填动词trap,此处为“get done”结构,trap与people构成被动关系,故应用过去分词,get trapped“被困”。故填trapped。
46.left her boyfriend waiting in the rain
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意:她跑开了,留下她的男友一个人在雨中等着。leave表示“让……处于某种状态”,其宾语her boyfriend与leave之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。 in the rain在雨中。根据句中时态可知,用一般过去时。根据句意,故填left her boyfriend waiting in the rain。
47.it seems as if it were spring
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:天气很暖和,好像已经是春天了。 as if好像,用来表示与现在事实相反的情况,其从句应该用一般过去时,be动词要用were。根据句意,故填it seems as if it were spring。
48.Everywhere they went
【详解】考查让步状语从句。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处是everywhere引导的让步状语从句,“去”使用动词go,结合下文中的“received”可知,应用一般过去时。故填Everywhere they went。
49.stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意表示“保持积极的心态”短语为stay positive;表示“为更美好的未来”短语为for a brighter future;结合上文should后跟动词原形,可知应填动词原形。故填stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future。
50.rescued me from
【详解】考查短语和时态。句意:我很感激,你把我从困境中解救了出来。“把……从……中解救出来”用短语rescue...from...表示;结合句意和助动词have可知,应使用过去分词构成现在完成时态。故填rescued me from。
51.that 52.at 53.kilometers 54.which/that 55.across 56.became 57.in 58.died 59.children 60.The
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了唐山大地震发生时的情况,在可怕的15秒内,一座大城市被夷为废墟,人民遭受极端的苦难,地震造成的死伤人数达到40万以上。
51.考查固定句型。句意:世界似乎到了尽头!此处考查句型It seemed that...,意为“似乎……”,设空处应用连接词that。故填that。
52.考查介词。句意:世界似乎到了尽头!此处考查介词短语at the end,意为“到尽头,终结”,设空处应用介词at。故填at。
53.考查名词复数。句意:在城市正下方11公里处,20世纪最大的地震开始了。Eleven后接名词复数形式kilometers。故填kilometers。
54.考查定语从句。句意:一条8公里长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横贯房屋、道路和运河。此处考查限制性定语从句,先行词为A huge crack,指物,在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导从句。故填that/which。
55.考查介词。句意:一条8公里长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横贯房屋、道路和运河。此处考查动词短语cut across,意为“横穿”,设空处应用介词across。故填across。
56.考查动词时态。句意:坚硬的岩石山变成了泥土的河流。本文陈述的事件发生在过去,设空处为谓语动词,应用动词过去式,故填became。
57.考查介词。句意:在可怕的15秒内,一座大城市被夷为废墟。此处考查动词短语in ruins,意为“成为废墟”,设空处应用介词in。故填in。
58.考查动词时态。句意:三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受伤。设空处为谓语动词,陈述过去的动作应用一般过去时,应用动词过去式,故填died。
59.考查名词复数。句意:成千上万的家庭被毁灭,许多孩子失去了父母。many修饰名词复数,设空处为children,作主语。故填children。
60.考查冠词。句意:伤亡人数超过40万。此处考查短语the number of,意为“……的数量”,表示某个特定事物或群体的数量,设空处应用定冠词the,句首单词首字母要大写。故填The。

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