资源简介

2022--2023高二英语阅读理解10篇
1
Three hundred million children live in areas with extreme air pollution, new research by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund(UNICEF)reveals. The air they breathe is more than six times as polluted as what is considered safe. The new study was the first to make a global estimate of pollution exposure. It shows that almost 90 percent of the world’s children—two billion—live in places where outdoor air pollution levels are dangerously high.
UNICEF warned that these levels of global air pollution have contributed to 600, 000 child deaths a year. Children are far more likely to be harmed by air pollution than adults are, UNICEF said. So, UNICEF urged nations to cut fossil fuel burning rapidly. Fossil fuels, such as coal and gas, are the main source of air pollution. “The danger caused by air pollution is enormous,” said Anthony Lake, UNICEF’s executive director. “No society can afford to ignore air pollution. We protect our children when we protect the quality of our air, both of which are central to our future.”
Air pollution is the world’s single biggest environmental health risk, and it is getting worse, with levels of poisonous air rising 8% in the last five years. More than three million people a year die as a result of outdoor air pollution—six every minute on average. Such deaths are set to double by 2050 as fast-growing cities expand. Indoor air pollution, mainly from wood stoves, causes another three million deaths a year.
Meanwhile, children are especially at risk, the UNICEF report says, because they breathe more rapidly than adults and their lungs take in more pollutant particles. The tiny particles can also cross the blood-brain barrier, which children are more susceptible to. Once they do, they can permanently harm brain development. Even the unborn are affected, as the particles taken in by a pregnant woman can injure a child in the womb.
Children in poor countries are doubly at risk, scientist Jos said. Their bodies are often already weakened by not getting enough to eat, and available health care is often inadequate. Of the 300 million children exposed to levels of pollution six times above what is considered safe, 220 million live in South Asia. India in particular hosts many of the world’s most polluted cities. Moreover, figures reveal a striking disparity in five-year cancer survival rates for children in air polluted areas compared with those from developed countries.
UNICEF urged all countries to cut air pollution by reducing fossil fuel burning in power plants and vehicles. It also recommended that schools and playgrounds not be located near sources of pollution, such as busy roads and factories. In addition, it called for the use of less-polluting cooking stoves.
1．Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the text
A．A large number of children in the world cannot breathe clean air.
B．Through collective efforts, the situation of air pollution is improving.
C．Air pollution can pose a striking threat to children’s brain growth.
D．Heavy air pollution can even hurt the babies that are still not born.
2．What does the underlined word “susceptible” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．Are integrated with. B．Are the contributor to.
C．Are suspected of. D．Are easily influenced by.
3．In order to make air cleaner, UNICEF suggested ________.
A．government should aim for a reduction in power plants and traffic
B．careful decisions on the locations and structures of schools are needed
C．fossil fuel is an extra feature that is likely to bring along some benefits
D．cooking stoves that contribute little to air pollution should be used
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Increasing air pollution levels pose greater risk to children than adults.
B．Solutions to air pollution are found especially in poverty-stricken area.
C．UNICEF has issue warnings against growing air pollution problems.
D．Success has been achieved for the ongoing campaign against air pollution.
2
He paces nervously through the room fidgeting with his collar one moment and his hair the next as he glances up at the clock, urging time to move faster simply from sheer will. The suffocating smell of disinfectant surrounds him as he continues to pace up and down, his footsteps echoing through the room. The overwhelming brightness of the eggshell white walls, decorated with cheap benign scenes of artificial happiness seem to cage him in, but that’s the least of his worries.
He stops absentmindedly in front of a cheap canvas depicting an artificially bright landscape and sees right through it, wishing that his body was where his mind and soul were, wherever she was. Recommencing his fervent pacing through the room he looks up at the arrival of a small middle-aged woman with a coffee in her hand and exhaustion in her eyes, who gives him a sympathetic smile, knowing only too heartbreakingly well what he is going through. “It shouldn’t be taking this long,” his mind screams at him as he vainly tries to drown it under thoughts of something else, anything else, anything. A tidal wave of emotions wage war on each other in his mind as he collapses into a seat.
He still remembers when they found out. He remembers the uncomfortable chairs that the heat made his skin stick to. He remembers the overwhelming cleanliness and smell of disinfectant. He remembers looking at his wife, pale and slight, but still smiling. He remembers the disbelief when the words hit him and the incessant ringing noise that followed. He remembers looking at his wife again, the ghost of a smile still lingering on her face as tears slowly blurred her vision.
Trying to distract his mind he looks around at the unfamiliar faces around the all too familiar room. A small girl, her feet not yet reaching the floor, rests her head against her father’s arm who nervously, and almost unknowingly, taps his feet on the marble floor as his eyes dart frantically around the room. Perhaps in any other scenario somebody would ask him to stop but everybody there is too caught up in their own worlds, everything else has become haze and static.
And now he waits there, the pure image of helplessness with his face in his hands and his ears desperate for any sound besides the suspiciously slow ticking of the clock. The sound of the elevator jerks him back to reality as he shoots out of his chair and stares expectantly at the doors that are hiding his wife. But when they open she’s not there and as he confusedly peers into the elevator, as though she’s simply hiding in a corner he couldn’t see, he becomes aware of the dejected doctor, and realization hits. Without a single word he falls onto the ground, as though he was nothing more than the black velvet cloth a magician throws into the air before disappearing.
5．Which of the following best describes the man’s anxiety and helplessness
A．“The overwhelming brightness of the eggshell white walls, decorated with cheap benign scenes of artificial happiness seem to cage him in, but that’s the least of his worries.”(Para 1)
B．“A tidal wave of emotions wage war on each other in his mind as he collapses into a seat.”(Para 2)
C．“Perhaps in any other scenario somebody would ask him to stop but everybody there is too caught up in their own worlds, everything else has become haze and static.”(Para 4)
D．“But when they open she’s not there and as he confusedly peers into the elevator, as though she’s simply hiding in a corner he couldn’t see, he becomes aware of the dejected doctor, and realization hits.”(Para 5)
6．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
A．The man is waiting for his wife who is undergoing an operation.
B．People around the man all take no notice of the man.
C．The little girl’s father is thinking for himself without noticing her behavior.
D．The story ends up with a sad but moving scene.
7．Where does the story most probably happen
A．In a waiting room. B．In a dental clinic. C．In an operation room. D．In a haunted house.
3
Characteristics of Publicity
Publicity offers several benefits. There are no costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $250, 000 to $5,000, 000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. Publicity reaches a mass audience within a short time and new products or company policies are widely known.
Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women’s Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they skim through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television programme or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.
Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions mentioned by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a firm would like.
For example, in 1982, Procter Gamble faced a massive publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. To fight this negative publicity, the firm had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America to disprove the rumor. The false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, publicity became so troublemaking that Procter Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products.
A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story; it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media decide whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it.
8．The advantages of publicity are the following ones EXCEPT ________.
A．time-saving B．money-saving C．credibility D．profitability
9．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A．The effectiveness of publicity may be affected by the newspaper agent.
B．Commercials are usually woven into the television programme.
C．Feature stories are less favoured by readers due to their number.
D．Local newspapers are not interested in company-sponsored programmes.
10．The example of “Procter Gamble”is given to show ________.
A．the efficient way of disproving rumors B．the terrible effect of rumors.
C．people’s lack of judgement about media D．the negative effect of publicity
11．What’s the author’s attitude towards publicity
A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Passive. D．Supportive.
4
Working out exactly what students and taxpayers get for the money they spend on universities is a tricky business. Now the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), a Paris-based think-tank for rich countries, is planning to make the task a bit easier, by producing the first international comparison of how successfully universities teach.
“Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research. Just as the OECD assesses primary and secondary education by testing randomly chosen groups of youngsters from each country in reading and mathematics, it will sample university students to see what they have learned. Once enough universities are taking part, it may publish league tables showing where each country stands, just as it now does for compulsory education. That may produce a fairer assessment than the two established rankings, though the British one does try to broaden its inquiry by taking opinions from academics and employers.
There is much to be said for the OECD’s approach. Of course a Nobel laureate’s view on where to study may be worth hearing, but those professors may be so busy writing and researching that they spend little or no time teaching—a big weakness at America’s famous universities. And changes in methodology can bring surprising shifts. The high-flying London School of Economics, for example, tumbled(暴跌)from 17th to 59th in the British rankings published last week, primarily because it got less credit than in previous years for the impressive number of foreign students it had managed to attract.
The OECD plan awaits approval from an education ministers’ meeting in January. The first rankings are planned by 2021. They will be of interest not just as a guide for shoppers in the global market, but also as indicators of performance in domestic markets. They will help academics wondering whether to stay put or switch jobs, students choosing where to spend their time and money, and ambitious university bosses who want a sharper competitive edge for their institution.
The task the OECD has set itself is formidable. In many subjects, such as literature and history, the syllabus varies hugely from one country, and even one campus, to another. But OECD researchers think that problem can be overcome by concentrating on the transferable skills that employers value, such as critical thinking and analysis, and testing subject knowledge only in fields like economics and engineering, with a big common core.
Moreover, says Mr Schleicher, it is a job worth doing. Today’s rankings, he believes, do not help governments assess whether they get a return on the money they give universities to teach their undergraduates. Students overlook second-rank institutions in favour of big names, even though the less grand may be better at teaching. Worst of all, ranking by reputation allows famous places to coast along, while making life hard for feisty upstarts. “We will not be reflecting a university’s history,” says Mr Schleicher, “but asking: what is a global employer looking for ” A fair question, even if not every single student’s destiny is to work for a multinational firm.
12．The project by OECD is aimed to__________.
A．assess primary and secondary education of each school that subscribe to the service
B．appraise the learning outcomes of university students as part of their academic performance
C．establish a new evaluation system for universities
D．set up a new ranking for compulsory education
13．The assessment method by OECD is different from the established rankings in__________.
A．that its inquiry is broader as to include all the students and staff
B．that its samples are chosen randomly based on statistical analysis of method
C．that it attaches more importance to the learning efficiency
D．that it takes opinions from the students to see what they have learnt
14．By the case of London School of Economies, the author wants to show that__________.
A．the OECD’s approach is very fair
B．the Nobel laureate’s opinion is not worth hearing
C．the British rankings pay more attention to the foreign students
D．different assessment methods may lead to different ranking results
15．The OECD’s ranking system will probably be welcomed most by__________.
A．parents who pay for the children’s secondary education
B．the famous colleges
C．those ambitious second-rank institutions
D．shoppers in the global market
5
VISIT OR AVOID
Landon is from Australia. He’s 24 and is now studying archaeology at university. Landon wants a holiday with lots of local history and culture…and a few sandy beaches to relax. He hates crowds and noise.
Advice for Landon: Visit Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam
It sounds like a lot of travelling, but there’s so much to see! Fly into Bangkok and spend a few days visiting the beautiful floating markets, the Old City and, of course, the Grand Palace—the historic heart of Thailand. With its temples, halls and extraordinary architecture, it’s a must- see!
Then travel overland to Angkor Wat in Cambodia. Angkor Wat is a huge temple complex which contains the largest religious building in the world. About 500 years ago, Angkor Wat was mysteriously abandoned and only rediscovered 150 years ago.
After that, fly to Halong Bay in the north of Vietnam. Thousands of tiny islands seem to float in the blue waters of the bay. Some people call it the Eighth Wonder of the World. There’s certainly nowhere quite like it.
AVOID the “party islands” like Koh Samui. With their ”full moon“ parties, these islands are great for some people, but not for people like you who hate noise!
Valentina is from Chile. She’s 27 years old and she loves shopping and the sun. She wants to go somewhere special during January and February.
Advice for Valentina: Visit Dubai
It’s one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, and it’s also one of the best for shopping. What other city has an annual shopping festival It’s a long flight for Valentina, over 17 hours from Santiago, but if she has a couple of weeks to spare, she’ll find that Dubai is right up her alley.
The weather makes it too hot to walk outside for much of the year (though it should be fine in January)so shopping malls are one way to escape the heat. Dubai Mall, for example, has over 1,200 shops — more than some small cities. And just like small cities, some of its malls have theatres, art galleries and even indoor ski slopes.
If all this seems a bit too artificial, Valentina could try the Dubai ”souks“, which are a kind of traditional market. They aren’t quite as beautiful as the markets in Turkey and Morocco, but they’re worth visiting anyway. It’s where the locals go and it’s a good place to learn to pick up some bargains!
AVOID most of Europe. Cities like Edinburgh, London, Paris and Berlin are great for shopping, but there’s not much chance of seeing the sun in January or February!
16．The passage is most likely to be found in a column named________.
A．Travel Experts B．Memorable Journeys
C．Places Worth Visiting D．Those Who Love Travelling
17．It can be inferred from the passage that Koh Samui must be a(n)___________ place.
A．modern B．isolated C．traditional D．noisy
18．Why is Valentina advised to visit Dubai
A．It’s hot all year long. B．It is good for shopping.
C．It’s far away from her hometown. D．It doesn’t have much sunshine in January.
6
The market for contemporary art shows no sign of falling and the opportunity to spot an original at a bargain price just can’t be missed. Every year London’s Royal College of Art (RCA) organizes its Secret exhibition and sale. The idea behind it is simple. The College invites both established, well-known artists and young art students to create an original piece of art based on just two rules — the work must be done on a postcard and must be signed on the back in order to keep the artists’ identity a secret. All the cards are exhibited for a week and then sold in a one-day sale at a price of just 40 each.
Since the first exhibition, Secret has really captured the public’s imagination. Now over 1,000 artists take part in the event each year. The postcards can be viewed in person at the RCA or online. Part of the fun is deciding which of them is by a famous artist or designer, and which is by a hard-up art student. Buyers could end up with a great investment or just a pretty picture by a student the public has never heard of.
Secret was set up in 1994 and was the brainchild of an RCA student who wanted to help raise funds for fine art students at the college. Since its beginnings, over one million pounds has been raised for the Royal College of Art Fine Art Student Award Fund. The money has helped hundreds of students in the early stages of their career. Professor Glynn Williams, Head of Fine Art of the RCA said: “RCA Secret is about securing the future of the next generation of artists and when the public buy postcards at the event they are helping to make this possible. It’s one of the fairest art sales in the world — everyone has an equal chance of getting a big name.”
As well as raising much-needed funds for the students at the College, RCA Secret has attracted loyal support from a group of art lovers who have been visiting the show since it started. It is not only one of the most popular events at the RCA, but it has also developed into an important date in the British art calendar.
19．Which of the following statements is true of the art works at Secret
A．They are all exhibited online. B．They are sold at a fixed price.
C．They are copies of famous art works. D．They are created by well-known artists.
20．What do buyers at Secret find is great fun
A．Knowing more about hard-up art students B．Finding their own works on exhibition.
C．Guessing the identity of the artists. D．Viewing the art works in person.
21．Why was Secret set up
A．To provide art students with financial help. B．To raise funds for the development of RCA．
C．To find out those promising art students. D．To promote the fairness of art sales.
22．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．Want to Know Art Masters B．Fancy a Masterpiece for Just 40
C．RCA: an Art College Focusing on the Future D．The Next Generation of Artists Matters, Says a Professor
7
The early World Wide Web would indeed revolutionize commerce, but it would do so in ways many did not fully anticipate in the 1990s. Meanwhile, the ease of setting up a website also led to a gold rush of fraud with knock-off domains impersonating banks, government agencies and household brand names. These problems persist to this day.
We can logically expect metaverse-influenced features and experiences to arrive at enterprises in much the same fashion. We’ve long known that security is a team sport, and no single vendor, product or technology can go it alone in protection. The culture of information-sharing and collaboration in the defender community today has been a monumental achievement that did not happen overnight. Today ISPs, cloud providers, device manufacturers — even industry rivals in these markets-recognize the need to work together on security issues.
It’s critical to align on key priorities to help secure the metaverse for generations — and identity, transparency and a continued sense of unity among defenders will be key.
For years cheaters have claimed to be abandoned princes with fortunes to share, or sweepstakes hosts desperately trying to reach you, but the emergence of email and text messaging re-franchised (重新授权) these schemes for the digital world in the metaverse, it won’t be a fake email from your bank. It could be an avatar (化身) of a teller in a virtual bank lobby asking for your information. It could be an impersonation of your CEO inviting you to a meeting in a malicious virtual conference room. This is why solving identity in the metaverse is a top concern. Organizations need to know that adopting metaverse-enabled Apps and experiences won’t change their identity and access control. This means we have to make identity manageable for enterprises in this new world.
Besides, there will be many providers of platforms and experiences in the metaverse, and mutual interactions can make the gaps seamless — while enabling exciting new scenarios. Think of bringing your virtual PowerPoint presentation into a client’s virtual meeting room, even if it’s operating on a different platform.
New platforms usually pose a tough challenge — that is often when security researchers really begin probing code, features and product claims. There must be clear and standard communication around terms of service, security features like where and how encryption is used, vulnerability reporting and updates.
The strides we’ve made across the tech industry in cooperating against threats as the crises have risen in recent years remain a cornerstone for security as metaverse platforms and experiences begin to shape the future.
Security researchers, chief information security officers and industry stakeholders also have an opportunity to understand the terrain of the metaverse as opponents do — and use it to our advantage. Metaverse platforms will likely create and generate entirely new data streams with the potential to improve authentication, locate suspect or malicious activity or even revisualize cybersecurity to help human analysts make decisions in the moment.
Let’s make the lessons we’ve learned about identity, transparency and the security community’s powerful collaboration our top ideals to enable this next wave of technology to reach its full potential.
23．The underlined sentence “security is a team sport.” in the second paragraph means that _________.
A．security is a process that calls for step-by-step preparation
B．cooperation is an important culture in the metaverse
C．different posts in the metaverse should work together for security
D．people should ensure the security of the team sport in the metaverse
24．The examples of “abandoned princes” and “sweepstakes hosts” in the4th paragraph are used to _________
A．illustrate how urgent online interactions are to connect with people
B．depict how online tricks were employed to make netizens believe in them
C．indicate the history of online cheating may be repeated in the metaverse
D．portray the negative consequence of information sharing on the Internet
25．Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with
A．Different positions should collaborate for fear of security problems in the metaverse.
B．Despite the prevention, it is difficult to see through online tricks in the metaverse.
C．The prevention of online cheating in the metaverse is a tough but worthwhile task.
D．Cheaters will make fortunes from innocent netizens through online tricks
26．What is the writer’s attitude towards the development of metaverse
A．Negative. B．Neutral. C．Supportive. D．Skeptical.
8
Whether it is “women and children first” or “every man for himself” in a shipwreck may depend on how long it takes the ship to sink, researchers said recently.
When the Lusitania was torpedoed (用鱼雷袭击) by a German ship in 1915, it sank in 18 minutes and the majority of the survivors were young men and women who responded immediately to their powerful survival instincts.
But when the Titanic struck an iceberg in 1912, it took three hours to go down, allowing time for more civilized instincts to take control — and the majority of the survivors were women, children and people with young children.
Economist Benno Torgler of the Queensland University of Technology in Australia and his colleagues studied the two sinkings in order to explore the economic theory that people generally behave in a “rational” and selfish manner. The two tragedies provided a “natural experiment” for testing the idea, because the passengers on the two ships were quite similar in terms of gender and wealth.
The major difference was how long it took the ships to sink. They suggested that when people have little time to react, instincts may rule. When more time is available, social influences play a bigger role. But psychologists noted that many factors other than following social norms (社会规范) could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures.
The extent of altruism (利他主义) and how it occurs “is a very controversial issue,” said Anthony R. Mawson, a professor of preventive medicine at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. He thinks the dominant response was attachment behavior.
Psychologist Daniel Kruger of the University of Michigan, US thinks that the answer lies less in social norms and more in our evolutionary heritage. Human beings have a deep instinct to preserve our kind, he said, and that means “people are more likely to save those who have higher reproductive value, namely the young and women in child-bearing years”.
Kruger also stressed the importance of leadership during a disaster, noting that the Titanic’s captain appeared to have greater control than the Lusitania’s.
27．According to Benno Torgler, what led to the different results between the two shipwrecks
A．The age when it happened. B．The time it took the ships to sink.
C．The object which attacked the ships. D．The way torpedoes attacked the ships.
28．Besides social norms and leadership, what other factors play a part in disaster behavior
A．The evolutionary urge to save the species. B．The strict social norms.
C．The rational judgements. D．The critical thinking
29．According to Daniel Kruger, why do the young and women of child-bearing age take the priority to survive
A．Because they are the hope of a family.
B．Because they are the possible leaders in the future.
C．Because they are more important to the survival of the species.
D．Because they have better instinct.
30．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．The tips of disaster survivals.
B．The differences of people’s attitudes in disasters.
C．The way people save others in face of emergency.
D．The reasons why people behave differently in a disaster.
9
In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South (发展中国家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization. But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.
In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special “return” programmes to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programmes received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1, 600 qualified scientists and technicians to return to Latin America.
In the 1980s and 1990s, “temporary return” programmes were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Programme’s Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate (移居国外的) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) from these countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.
Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result, there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.
31．Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage
A．The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.
B．The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.
C．Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.
D．The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals return to their own countries in a single year.
32．In the author’s opinion, the developing countries should___________.
A．keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduation
B．cooperate more effectively with international organizations
C．set up more return programmes under the guidance of the UN
D．send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries
33．According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue___________.
A．as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domestically
B．as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structures
C．unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroad
D．if the governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals
34．The best title for the passage is__________.
A．The Brain Drain of the Developing Countries
B．Knowledge Transfer
C．The Talents from the Developing Countries
D．The Failure of Development Programmes
10
Diplomacy (外交) is an art. It requires not only strategy, but also other aspects, including intuition, persuasion, and even tricks, human skills that have long been unreachable to even the most powerful artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Now, an AI algorithm (算法) from a high-tech company has shown it can beat many humans in a game of diplomacy, which required both strategic planning and negotiations with other players. The work, researchers said, could point the way toward virtual exercise coaches and conflict mediators (调解员) .
AI has already beaten humans in some games of strategy. It is also proving powerful at natural-language processing, in which it can generate humanlike text and carry on conversations. In the game of diplomacy, seven players vied for control of Europe. On each turn, players issued orders regarding the movement of army and naval units, following discussion with other players, whom they could attack or support.
There are two technical innovations noted by Jonathan Gratch, a computer scientist at the University of Southern California who studies negotiation agents. First, the Al agent’s com-munication is grounded in multistep planning. Second. the Al agent keeps its remarks and game play within the range of human common practice.
To test its skill, the researchers had the Al agent play 40 online games against humans. It placed in the top 10% of players who’d played at least two games. “In a game that involves language and negotiation, that agents can reach human equal level is very exciting,” said Yu, a computer scientist at Columbia University.
According to Brown, a computer scientist at the company who co-authored the paper, the work could lead to practical applications in fields that now require a human touch. One specific example is that virtual personal assistants might help consumers negotiate for better prices on plane tickets. Gratch and Yu both see opportunities for agents that persuade people to make healthy choices or open up during therapy.
35．Who is likely to benefit from the research work
A．A famous cyber athlete. B．A professor of civil law.
C．A professional accountant. D．A virtual fitness instructor.
36．What does the underlined word “vied” mean in paragraph 2
A．Accounted. B．Apologized. C．Searched. D．Competed.
37．Why does the author mention AI agent
A．To understand the thought of AI. B．To illustrate the advantages of AI.
C．To describe the importance of AI. D．To introduce the strategy of AI.
38．What is the best title for the text
A．Diplomacy, a Popular Game B．AI Learns the Art of Diplomacy
C．Al Will Become a Perfect Diplomat D．An Excellent Game Player
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)的一项新研究显示，世界上近90%的儿童——20亿——生活在室外空气污染严重的地方，且日益严重的空气污染对儿童造成的风险大于成人，因此联合国儿童基金会提出了清洁空气的一些措施。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It shows that almost 90 percent of the world’s children—two billion—live in places where outdoor air pollution levels are dangerously high. (报告显示，世界上近90%的儿童——20亿——生活在室外空气污染严重的地方。)”可知，世界上有大量的儿童无法呼吸到干净的空气（A项）。第三段“The tiny particles can also cross the blood-brain barrier, which children are more susceptible to. Once they do, they can permanently harm brain development. Even the unborn are affected, as the particles taken in by a pregnant woman can injure a child in the womb. (这些微小颗粒还可以穿过血脑屏障，而儿童更容易受到影响。一旦出现这种情况，就会永久性地损害大脑发育。甚至未出生的胎儿也会受到影响，因为孕妇吸入的颗粒会伤害子宫内的孩子。)” 可知，空气污染会对儿童的大脑发育造成严重威胁（C项），且危及子宫里的孩子（D项）。第三段“Air pollution is the world’s single biggest environmental health risk, and it is getting worse, with levels of poisonous air rising 8% in the last five years. (空气污染是世界上最大的环境健康风险，而且情况正在恶化，在过去的五年里，有毒空气的水平上升了8%。)”可知，空气污染状况正在恶化，故B项“Through collective efforts, the situation of air pollution is improving (通过共同努力，空气污染状况正在改善)”与文章信息不匹配，是不正确的。故选B项。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在段“Meanwhile, children are especially at risk, the UNICEF report says, because they breathe more rapidly than adults and their lungs take in more pollutant particles. The tiny particles can also cross the blood-brain barrier, which children are more susceptible to. Once they do, they can permanently harm brain development. Even the unborn are affected, as the particles taken in by a pregnant woman can injure a child in the womb. (与此同时，联合国儿童基金会的报告称，儿童的风险尤其大，因为他们的呼吸速度比成年人快，肺部吸入的污染物颗粒也更多。这些微小颗粒还可以穿过血脑屏障，而儿童更susceptible。一旦出现这种情况，就会永久性地损害大脑发育。甚至未出生的胎儿也会受到影响，因为孕妇吸入的颗粒会伤害子宫内的孩子。)”，本段首行提到了“children are especially at risk”，呼应了此处的比较级，所以得知，susceptible解释为“易受影响的”，即“Are easily influenced by”，文中指的是“因空气污染导致空气中存在的微小颗粒还可以穿过血脑屏障，儿童更容易受到它们的影响”，故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“UNICEF urged all countries to cut air pollution by reducing fossil fuel burning in power plants and vehicles. It also recommended that schools and playgrounds not be located near sources of pollution, such as busy roads and factories. In addition, it called for the use of less-polluting cooking stoves. (联合国儿童基金会敦促所有国家通过减少发电厂和车辆燃烧化石燃料来减少空气污染。它还建议学校和操场不要靠近污染源，比如繁忙的道路和工厂。此外，它还呼吁使用污染较少的炉灶。)”可知，为了使空气更清洁，UNICEF建议国家层面要减少发电厂和车辆燃烧化石燃料，学校和操场远离污染源，决定学校的位置和结构，只能单方面保证学校层面获得干净空气，而不能净化所有空气；使用污染较少的炉灶，即应该使用对空气污染不大的炉灶。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“It shows that almost 90 percent of the world’s children—two billion—live in places where outdoor air pollution levels are dangerously high. (报告显示，世界上近90%的儿童——20亿——生活在室外空气污染严重的地方。)”，以及第二段“UNICEF warned that these levels of global air pollution have contributed to 600, 000 child deaths a year. Children are far more likely to be harmed by air pollution than adults are, UNICEF said. (联合国儿童基金会警告说，这种程度的全球空气污染已导致每年60万儿童死亡。联合国儿童基金会表示，儿童比成年人更容易受到空气污染的伤害。)”可知，本文主要讲述了“空气污染水平的增加给儿童带来的风险比成年人更大”，与A项“Increasing air pollution levels pose greater risk to children than adults. (日益严重的空气污染对儿童造成的风险大于成人。)”意思相近，故选A项。
5．B 6．D 7．A
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章描述了手术室外的等候室，主人公回忆起当他们得知妻子的病情时的情景，以及此刻他所经历的无助和恐惧，最终，门打开时，妻子没有出现，而医生的沮丧表情告诉他，他的妻子的手术失败了，他无言地跌坐在地上。
5．推理判断题。通读全文，文章描述了在一个充满消毒剂味道的房间里，主人公焦虑中等待着他的妻子的消息时的无助和恐惧，最终，医生的沮丧表情暗示着手术失败，妻子没有出来，他无言地跌坐在地上。故第二段“Recommencing his fervent pacing through the room he looks up at the arrival of a small middle-aged woman with a coffee in her hand and exhaustion in her eyes, who gives him a sympathetic smile, knowing only too heartbreakingly well what he is going through. “It shouldn’t be taking this long,” his mind screams at him as he vainly tries to drown it under thoughts of something else, anything else, anything. A tidal wave of emotions wage war on each other in his mind as he collapses into a seat. (他重新在房间里踱来踱去，抬头看到一个身材矮小的中年妇女进来了，手里端着一杯咖啡，眼里流露出疲惫的神情，她同情地对他笑了笑，非常清楚他正在经历什么。‘不应该花这么长时间。’他的心在向他尖叫，因为他徒劳地试图把它淹没在其他事情的想法中，其他任何事情，任何事情。当他瘫倒在座位上时，一股情绪的浪潮在他的脑海中相互宣战)”可知，最后一句表达了在漫长的等待中，主人公的情绪焦虑和心理疲惫。尽管在控制自己的情绪，但是失败了，最终崩溃坐下，此处淋漓尽致地表达了主人公的焦虑和无助。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The sound of the elevator jerks him back to reality as he shoots out of his chair and stares expectantly at the doors that are hiding his wife. But when they open she’s not there and as he confusedly peers into the elevator, as though she’s simply hiding in a corner he couldn’t see, he becomes aware of the dejected doctor, and realization hits. Without a single word he falls onto the ground, as though he was nothing more than the black velvet cloth a magician throws into the air before disappearing. (电梯的声音把他拉回现实，他从椅子上跳起来，期待地盯着门，里面藏着他的妻子。但当门打开时，她不在那里，他困惑地向电梯里看，好像她只是躲在一个他看不见的角落里，他意识到这位沮丧的医生，意识到了这一点。他一言不发地倒在地上，仿佛他只不过是魔术师在消失之前抛向空中的那块黑天鹅绒布)”可知，手术结束了，医生出来了，神情沮丧，可知主人公正在等他正在做手术的妻子，根据医生的沮丧神情可知，手术失败了，主人公跌坐在地上，因此故事结尾很伤感，但是不感人（moving），故D项不符合描述。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段“The suffocating smell of disinfectant surrounds him as he continues to pace up and down, his footsteps echoing through the room. (当他继续踱来踱去时，令人窒息的消毒气味包围着他，他的脚步声在房间里回荡)”以及最后一段“But when they open she’s not there and as he confusedly peers into the elevator, as though she’s simply hiding in a corner he couldn’t see, he becomes aware of the dejected doctor, and realization hits. (但当门打开时，她不在那里，他困惑地向电梯里看，好像她只是躲在一个他看不见的角落里，他意识到这位沮丧的医生，意识到了这一点)”可知，主人公在医院，他的妻子正在手术室，而他在一个充满窒息的消毒气味的房间里。由此推知，故事最可能发生在手术室外的等候室里。故选A项。
8．D 9．B 10．D 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了宣传的优点以及局限性。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Publicity reaches a mass audience within a short time and new products or company policies are widely known.(宣传在短时间内达到大众受众，新产品或公司政策广为人知)”可知，A选项正确；第一段中“There are no costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $ 250,000 to $ 5,000, 000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything.(信息的时间和空间都没有成本。黄金时段电视上的一则广告每分钟可能要花费25万到500万美元或更多，而网络新闻广播上的一则5分钟的报道则不会花费任何费用)”可知，B选项正确。第二段中“Credibility about messages is high. (信息的可信度很高)”可知，C选项正确。而D选项文章未提及。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television programme or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.(此外，在半小时的电视节目中可能有10个商业广告，或者在一本杂志上有数百个广告。专题报道的数量要少得多，而且非常突出)”可知，商业广告通常被编入电视节目中。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, publicity became so troublemaking that Procter Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products.(这些不实的谣言暂时平息了。然而，在1985年，宣传变得如此麻烦，以至于宝洁公司决定将标志从其产品中删除)”可知，这个例子是为了佐证第三段观点“Publicity also has some significant limitations.(宣传也有一些显著的局限性)”。由此推知，这例子是为了说明宣传的负面影响。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Publicity offers several benefits. There are no costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $250, 000 to $5,000,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. Publicity reaches a mass audience within a short time and new products or company policies are widely known.(宣传有几个好处。不需要花费消息时间或空间。黄金时段电视上的一则广告每分钟可能要花费25万至500万美元或更多，而网络新闻广播上的五分钟报道则不需要任何费用。宣传在短时间内达到大众，新产品或公司政策广为人知)”以及后文可推知，作者客观地叙述了宣传的优点和缺点，利用事实佐证观点，口吻比较客观。故选B项。
12．C 13．C 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了经济合作与发展组织(OECD)通过新的方式对大学进行排名，建立新的大学评价体系。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Working out exactly what students and taxpayers get for the money they spend on universities is a tricky business. Now the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), a Paris-based think-tank for rich countries, is planning to make the task a bit easier, by producing the first international comparison of how successfully universities teach.(计算出学生和纳税人花在大学上的钱到底得到了什么是一件棘手的事情。现在，经济合作与发展组织（OECD），一个位于巴黎的富裕国家智囊团，正计划通过首次对大学教学的成功程度进行国际比较，使这项任务变得容易一些)”及第二段“Once enough universities are taking part, it may publish league tables showing where each country stands, just as it now does for compulsory education.(一旦有足够多的大学参与其中，它可能会发布排行榜，显示每个国家的排名，就像它现在对义务教育所做的那样)”可推知，OECD项目是为了建立新的大学评价体系。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research.(经合组织教育研究主管安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔解释说:“我们不会想当然地认为，一所大学花的钱越多，它就越好，也不会使用其他衡量质量的替代指标，我们会关注学习成果。”)”可知，OECD组织的评估方法与现有的排名不同在于OECD更加注重学习成果。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The high-flying London School of Economics, for example, tumbled from 17th to 59th in the British rankings published last week, primarily because it got less credit than in previous years for the impressive number of foreign students it had managed to attract.(例如，在上周公布的英国排名中，雄心勃勃的伦敦政治经济学院(London School of Economics)从第17位跌至第59位，主要原因是它吸引的外国学生数量令人印象深刻，但与前几年相比，它获得的赞誉有所减少)”及“And changes in methodology can bring surprising shifts.(方法上的改变会带来惊人的转变)”可推知，这个评级的方法和之前的评级有所不同，而这个例子可能就是要说明这个问题，即，不同的评估方法可能导致不同的排名结果。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Moreover, says Mr Schleicher, it is a job worth doing. Today’s rankings, he believes, do not help governments assess whether they get a return on the money they give universities to teach their undergraduates. Students overlook second-rank institutions in favour of big names, even though the less grand may be better at teaching.(此外，施莱歇尔表示，这是一项值得做的工作。他认为，今天的排名并不能帮助政府评估他们给大学教育本科生的钱是否得到了回报。学生们忽略了二流的学校，而选择了大牌学校，尽管那些不那么大牌的学校可能更擅长教学)”及上文第二段““Rather than assuming that because a university spends more it must be better, or using other proxy measures for quality, we will look at learning outcomes,” explains Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s head of education research.(经合组织教育研究主管安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔解释说:“我们不会想当然地认为，一所大学花的钱越多，它就越好，也不会使用其他衡量质量的替代指标，我们会关注学习成果。”)”可推知，OECD的排名系统可能最受那些雄心勃勃的二流大学欢迎。故选C项。
16．A 17．D 18．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要针对Landon和Valentina两人的旅游需求提出了一些旅行目的地的建议。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段“Landon is from Australia. He’s 24 and is now studying archaeology at university. Landon wants a holiday with lots of local history and culture…and a few sandy beaches to relax. He hates crowds and noise.(兰登来自澳大利亚。他今年24岁，正在大学学习考古学。兰登想要一个有很多当地历史和文化的假期，还有一些沙滩来放松。他讨厌人群和噪音)”结合全文是以旅游顾问给提问者建议的形式展现。可推知，文章可能选自“旅游专家”专栏。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据第五段“AVOID the “party islands” like Koh Samui. With their ”full moon“ parties, these islands are great for some people, but not for people like you who hate noise!(避开苏梅岛这样的“派对岛”。有了“满月”派对，这些岛屿对一些人来说很棒，但不适合像你这样讨厌噪音的人！)”可推知，苏梅岛一定是一个嘈杂的地方。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Dubai Mall, for example, has over 1,200 shops — more than some small cities. And just like small cities, some of its malls have theatres, art galleries and even indoor ski slopes.(例如，迪拜购物中心拥有1200多家商店，比一些小城市还多。就像小城市一样，它的一些购物中心有剧院、艺术画廊，甚至还有室内滑雪场)”可知，瓦伦蒂娜被建议去迪拜，是因为它是购物的好地方。故选B。
19．B 20．C 21．A 22．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了RCA Secret 组织的特色，建立背景和目的，以及建立以来的所得。
19．细节理解题。根据第一段“All the cards are exhibited for a week and then sold in a one-day sale at a price of just 40 each.(所有的卡片都会展出一周，然后以每张40英镑的价格出售)”可知，关于Secret 的艺术品的描述中，B选项“它们以固定价格出售”正确。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段“Part of the fun is deciding which of them is by a famous artist or designer, and which is by a hard-up art student.(其中一个有趣的地方是决定哪些是著名艺术家或设计师的作品，哪些是拮据的艺术学生的作品)”可知，Secret的买家觉得猜测艺术家的身份很有趣。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“Secret was set up in 1994 and was the brainchild of an RCA student who wanted to help raise funds for fine art students at the college.(Secret成立于1994年，是一名美国皇家艺术学院学生的创意，他想为学院的美术学生筹集资金)”可知，Secret成立是为了给艺术学生提供经济帮助。故选A。
22．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The market for contemporary art shows no sign of falling and the opportunity to spot an original at a bargain price just can’t be missed. Every year London’s Royal College of Art(RCA)organizes its Secret exhibition and sale. The idea behind it is simple. The College invites both established, well-known artists and young art students to create an original piece of art based on just two rules — the work must be done on a postcard and must be signed on the back in order to keep the artists’ identity a secret. All the cards are exhibited for a week and then sold in a one-day sale at a price of just 40 each.(当代艺术市场没有任何下滑的迹象，以便宜价格买到原作的机会不容错过。伦敦皇家艺术学院每年都会组织秘密展览和拍卖。它背后的想法很简单。学院邀请知名艺术家和年轻的艺术学生创作原创艺术作品，只有两条规则：作品必须在明信片上完成，并且必须在背面签名，以保密艺术家的身份。所有的卡片都会展出一周，然后以每张40英镑的价格出售)”结合本篇文章主要介绍了RCA组织的特色，建立背景和目的，以及建立以来的所得。B选项“想花40英镑买一幅杰作吗？”最符合文章标题。故选B。
23．C 24．C 25．A 26．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了网络的发展带来一些网络安全问题，并对此提出了建议。
23．句意猜测题。根据划线词后文“no single vendor, product or technology can go it alone in protection”可知，没有任何一个供应商、产品或技术可以单独保护自己，说明了为了安全起见，虚拟世界中的不同岗位应该协同工作。故划线句意思是“为了安全起见，虚拟世界中的不同岗位应该协同工作”。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据第四段“For years cheaters have claimed to be abandoned princes with fortunes to share, or sweepstakes hosts desperately trying to reach you, but the emergence of email and text messaging re-franchised (重新授权) these schemes for the digital world in the metaverse, it won’t be a fake email from your bank. It could be an avatar (化身) of a teller in a virtual bank lobby asking for your information. It could be an impersonation of your CEO inviting you to a meeting in a malicious virtual conference room. This is why solving identity in the metaverse is a top concern.(多年来，骗子们一直声称自己是被遗弃的王子，有很多财富可以分享，或者是抽奖主持人拼命地想联系你，但电子邮件和短信的出现让这些骗局在数字世界重新获得了特许。在虚拟世界中，它不会是一封来自你银行的假电子邮件。它可能是虚拟银行大厅的出纳员的化身，向您询问信息。它可能是你的首席执行官的冒充邀请你在一个恶意的虚拟会议室开会。这就是为什么在虚拟世界中解决身份问题是当务之急的原因)”可推知，第四段的“被抛弃的王子”和“抽奖主持人”的例子表明，网络欺骗的历史可能会在虚拟世界中重演。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Today ISPs, cloud providers, device manufacturers — even industry rivals in these markets-recognize the need to work together on security issues.(如今，互联网服务提供商、云提供商、设备制造商——甚至这些市场上的行业竞争对手——都认识到需要在安全问题上共同努力)”可知，作者认同不同的位置应该协作，以免出现虚拟世界中的安全问题。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The strides we’ve made across the tech industry in cooperating against threats as the crises have risen in recent years remain a cornerstone for security as metaverse platforms and experiences begin to shape the future.(近年来，随着危机的增加，我们在整个科技行业合作应对威胁方面取得的进展仍然是安全的基石，因为虚拟平台和体验开始塑造未来)”倒数第二段“Security researchers, chief information security officers and industry stakeholders also have an opportunity to understand the terrain of the metaverse as opponents do — and use it to our advantage.(安全研究人员、首席信息安全官和行业利益相关者也有机会像对手一样了解虚拟世界的地形，并利用它为我们带来优势)”结合作者的语气可知，作者是在客观地描述元宇宙中可能出现的安全危机，以及各个部门如何合作来应对危机，可推知，作者对虚拟世界的发展客观态度。故选B。
27．B 28．A 29．C 30．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们在危难面前会有自救和救他人这两种做法的原因。
27．细节理解题。根据第五段的“ The major difference was how long it took the ships to sink. (主要的区别在于船只沉没需要多长时间)”可知，根据Benno Torgler的说法，船只沉没的时间导致了这两起沉船事故的不同结果。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据第五段的“But psychologists noted that many factors other than following social norms could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures.(但心理学家指出，除了遵循社会规范之外，许多因素也可能在灾难中发挥作用，包括拯救物种的进化冲动、事件中个人之间形成的依恋以及权威人物的领导) ”可知，除了社会规范和领导力，拯救物种的进化冲动在灾难行为中发挥作用。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Human beings have a deep instinct to preserve our kind, he said, and that means “people are more likely to save those who have higher reproductive value, namely the young and women in child-bearing years”.(他说，人类有保护我们人类的本能，这意味着人们更有可能拯救那些具有更高生育价值的人，即年轻人和育龄妇女”)”可推知，丹尼尔·克鲁格认为育龄的年轻人和妇女要优先生存是因为它们对物种的生存更重要。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据文章第一段的“Whether it is “women and children first” or “every man for himself” in a shipwreck may depend on how long it takes the ship to sink, researchers said recently.(研究人员最近表示，沉船事故中是“妇女和儿童优先”还是“每个人都为自己着想”，可能取决于沉船需要多长时间)”可知，这里提到了航海失事之后人们不同的反应取决于船体失事持续的时间，根据第五段的“They suggested that when people have little time to react, instincts may rule. When more time is available, social influences play a bigger role. But psychologists noted that many factors other than following social norms could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures. (他们认为，当人们几乎没有时间做出反应时，本能可能会起作用。当有更多的时间时，社会影响会发挥更大的作用。但心理学家指出，除了遵循社会规范之外，还有许多因素可能在灾难中发挥作用，包括拯救物种的进化冲动、事件期间个人之间形成的依恋以及权威人物的领导)”可知，时间紧急时，人类的本能起主要作用。时间相对较长时，社会道德规范，维护自身物种繁衍生存的本能以及领导力都起到主要作用。由此可知，文章主要介绍了人们在灾难中表现不同的原因。故选D。
31．B 32．D 33．D 34．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了发展中国家人才流失的原因并提出了解决的办法。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段的“In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South (发展中国家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.(20世纪下半叶，许多发展中国家开始将本国学生送往发达的工业国家深造。这些发展中国家迫切需要受过高级培训的人才来推进基于现代化的发展理念。)”可知，选项B（从20世纪20年代起，南美国家就开始向发达国家派遣留学生）中的时间以及动作的发出者均不正确，故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“As a result, there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them.(因此，送学生出国的发展中国家迫切需要根据本国缺乏人才的领域外派留学生，从而使其能够为本国机构出力；而不是盲目鼓励留学深造，一旦在国内没有用武之地，这些留学生学成之后可能就不回国了。)”可知，在作者看来，发展中国家应该在学生的知识在他们自己的国家更有可能得到充分利用的领域送学生们出国留学。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.(发展中国家不应单纯依靠体制结构召回外派专业人才；它们必须引进灵活的管理机制，鼓励人才回国。如果它们不这么做，人才流失的现状还将继续。)”可知，如果政府未能对其专门人才的回国程序进行行政调整，发展中国家的问题将继续下去。故选D。
34．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，整篇文章的内容都围绕着发展中国家人才流失的问题展开，因此A项（发展中国家的人才外流）能够概括文章主旨，是标题的最佳选择。故选A。
35．D 36．D 37．B 38．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了人工智能具有了谈判和其他一些外交技能。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The work, researchers said, could point the way toward virtual exercise coaches and conflict mediators (调解员).(研究人员表示，这项工作可能会为虚拟运动教练和冲突调解人指明方向)”可知，虚拟健身教练可能从这项研究工作中受益。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the game of diplomacy, seven players(在外交游戏中，七名玩家)”和下文“control of Europe(控制欧洲)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“在外交游戏中，七名选手争夺对欧洲的控制权”。由此可知，划线词vied的意思是“竞争”，和competed意思相近，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“First, the Al agent’s com-munication is grounded in multistep planning. Second. the Al agent keeps its remarks and game play within the range of human common practice.(首先，人工智能主体的通信建立在多步骤规划的基础上。第二。人工智能代理将其言论和游戏玩法保持在人类通常做法的范围内)”和第四段“To test its skill, the researchers had the Al agent play 40 online games against humans. It placed in the top 10% of players who’d played at least two games. “In a game that involves language and negotiation, that agents can reach human equal level is very exciting,” said Yu, a computer scientist at Columbia University.(为了测试它的技能，研究人员让人工智能和人类玩了40场在线游戏。它在至少玩过两款游戏的玩家中排名前10%。“在一个涉及语言和谈判的游戏中，智能体能达到与人类相当的水平是非常令人兴奋的，”哥伦比亚大学的计算机科学家Yu说)”可推知，作者提到人工智能代理是为了说明人工智能的优势。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Now, an AI algorithm (算法) from a high-tech company has shown it can beat many humans in a game of diplomacy, which required both strategic planning and negotiations with other players. The work, researchers said, could point the way toward virtual exercise coaches and conflict mediators (调解员).(现在，一家高科技公司的人工智能算法显示，它可以在外交游戏中击败许多人类，这需要战略规划和与其他玩家的谈判。研究人员表示，这项工作可能会为虚拟运动教练和冲突调解人指明方向)”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能具有的谈判和其他一些外交技能。由此可知，最好的标题是B选项“AI Learns the Art of Diplomacy(人工智能学会了外交艺术)”。故选B。
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页2022--2023高二英语七选五专练10篇
1
English family names or surnames as we know today weren’t widely used until the Norman conquest (征服)of 1066. Before that time there weren’t enough people to make it necessary to use anything other than a single name. 1 people began adding descriptions such as “John the Baker” to tell between people of the same name. These descriptive names eventually became associated with a family, passed down from one generation to the next.
Occupational(职业性的)Surnames. 2 Two common English surname, Smith and Wright, are excellent examples of this. A name ending in “-man” usually suggests a trade name, as in Chapman (shopkeeper).
Descriptive Surnames. Based on a unique quality or physical characteristic of the individual, descriptive surnames often developed from nicknames. Most refer to an individual’s appearance, like size, color or physical shape, for example, Little or Armstrong. 3 Goodchild or Wise are good examples of this.
Geographical Surnames. These are names coming from the location of the land in which the first bearer and his family lived, and are generally the most common origin of English surnames. They were first introduced into England by the Normans, many of whom were known by the name of their personal lands. 4 County names in Great Britain, such as Kent and Devon, have been commonly adopted as surnames.
Other local surnames are from descriptive landscape features such as hills and woods which describe the land where the bearer lives. 5
A．As the country’s population grew,
B．As a person entered under one surname,
C．A rare name can tell you the family’s origin.
D．This is the origin of surnames such as Hill and Bush.
E．They may also refer to an individual’s personal character.
F．Many English surnames developed from a person’s job or trade.
G．Thus, many English surnames developed from the name of an actual town or county.
2
We are living in an unusual time in the history of the media. 6 , things have changed greatly in recent years. 7 In the past people bought newspapers or watched TV; they now simply open an app on their mobile phone or use their computer to access the news immediately. And mobile phones also mean that everyone can now be a reporter. 8 . 9 It’s common for people to engage in activities such as microblogging where they can share their ideas and opinions on whatever topic they choose. While there has been lots of advantages for readers, 10 Despite this, they are adapting to this new world and many newspapers now have websites, digital copies and other ways to connect to readers.
A．For example, people can upload videos of events they believe are of interest to others
B．While traditionally, large corporations have been the ones to produce and report on the news
C．The widespread use of the Internet has made impact on the media
D．TV stations and especially newspapers have been negatively affected, as fewer companies choose to pay to advertise through them
E．Another way that news has become interactive is through the popularity of commenting on stories, sharing and discussing them
3
It is never easy to play for a bigger team. However, some athletes made it to top competition. Below are their tips for success.
· 11 Marcus Mariota, once titled the best college football player in the country, has been a starting quarterback for the Tennessee Titans since 2015. “Playing in a brand-new city, with a new team, there are lots of things you’re not familiar with. I learnt a lot from the team’s experienced players and they helped me handle the transition(过渡), making me feel welcome. 12 ”
·Slow your pace and be patient. After just one year at the University of Kentucky, forward Karl-Anthony Towns signed with a state team, playing center now. “As a newcomer, things are going a million miles per hour. I had to slow down and learn to be patient. 13 Making mistakes is part of the learning experience.”
·Stay calm about playing time. At Clemson University, Kyle Fisher was named Player of the Year. He now plays for a national club. “The difficult part is finding my role on a new, different team. In college, I started every game, every year. 14 I’m learning to stay calm about playing time.”
·To adjust, keep working to improve. At the University of Notre Dame, guard Jewell Loyd was faster and taller than other players. Then she played for the WNBA and was voted an All-Star in 2018 and 2019. “Every night, we play against top-fight competition. It’s more fast-paced; the players are bigger and longer, so you have to adjust. 15 Therefore, I’m still learning.”
A．There are still areas I need to improve.
B．Learn from the team’s experienced players.
C．Remember those who once played against you.
D．People around were not as friendly as expected.
E．But here I have to earn my way into a starting role.
F．That meant a lot to me because relationships are what really matter.
G．There is nothing wrong with not understanding something on the first try.
4
The Adoption Option
Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people who want to add an animal companion. 16
An affordable choice. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for purebred and “designer” crossbred dogs and cats, but rescue pets have a lot going for them and can be more affordable to purchase.
Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to rehome their pet — divorce, lack of suitable accommodation, or the time and money needed to care for a dog. 17
Adult animals have benefits. Generally, if you decide to buy a pet from breeders, only very young animals are available. 18 And there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. They will already be desexed, microchipped and vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs. Most importantly what you see is what you get-a young animal’s behavior may still be developing, whereas an older animal’s personality and behavior should be evident, so no surprises.
19 You should only adopt a dog or cat from a reputable shelter or rescue group. A behavioral trainer will assess the temperament (脾气) of every dog and cat before they’re put up for adoption. The staff should ask you lots of questions about your lifestyle so they can advise which dogs and cats will best suit your family. Ongoing behavior and training advice should be available, and you should be able to return the pet if things don’t work out.
To keep in mind. 20 For example, you need to think carefully about how you will care for it — there’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing rescue animals appropriately. The costs, the necessary space and the age of people in your home are also important factors you should consider.
A．Choose an appropriate animal from a reliable source.
B．But shelters have a wide range of pets for you to choose from.
C．It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle.
D．Similar to many things, the price of owning a pet has been increasing.
E．You should take into account the amount of exercise your pet will need.
F．Thus, some dogs and cats become lost, are not identified and are never claimed.
G．There are lots of online searches for possible pet adopters to choose an ideal pet.
5
My sister Karin is seven years older than me. When she was in high school, she loved drawing. And she was quite good at it. Every time she drew at home, I’d watch. 21 But I didn’t have the natural talent that she had.
22 When I tried drawing and made some poor pictures, she told me that they were good. Surely, I didn’t believe her. But what she said was enough to keep me going. I only wanted the chance to sit at the same table with her while we were drawing.
With time going by, Karin created many beautiful drawings that were added to the walls of the guest room. 23 I knew they paled (相形见绌)in comparison to hers though I made progress. But she comforted me. So 1 kept practicing in her company and later alone when she went to college and moved out on her own for good.
It was strange to be without my older sister’s company. But I still had the love of art because of her encouragement. Sometimes, I could imagine her sitting across the table working, too. It was a comfort in this emptier house. I kept making progress every day. 24
As Karin moved further into adulthood, she had fewer and fewer art projects of her own. 25 Then she left art behind. However, she still encouraged and supported me. Thanks to my sister Karin, I have become a famous artist now.
A．She didn’t care about me.
B．Over the years, I became more skilled.
C．Finally, some new interests attracted her.
D．A few of my good pictures also went up.
E．However, my sister encouraged me a lot.
F．Therefore, I failed to make enough money.
G．I hoped I could create amazing pictures like her.
6
You’ve probably heard of a hybrid(杂交物种)in films or books. The centaurs in the Harry Potter films are hybrids of human and horse. 26
Hybridization occurs in both plants and animals. 27 What’s more, many plants that people eat, from strawberries to carrots, corn and potatoes, have been created by hybridization.
Cross-breeding(杂交)sometimes occurs when animals’ normal territory overlaps(部分重叠). 28 The grolar bear is a hybrid that happens when grizzly and polar bears mate. As the environment warms, grizzlies in Alaska and Canada wander further north, bringing them into contact with polar bears.
Artificial mixing often happens in zoos, where different species that don’t normally meet in the wild can be introduced to each other. Ligers(lion and tiger hybrids)are unlikely to occur in nature, because the only place that their habitats overlap is the Gir Forest in India. 29 Mixed species are more likely to be born with health issues than other animals. Most hybrids born in zoos are infertile, which means they are unable to have babies. However, many cross-breeds born in the wild, like the grolar bear, can have their own babies.
30 “It’s part of the evolutionary process,” he says. Fertile hybrids can lead to the creation of a new species and increase the variety of living things.
A．Wildlife conservation is of significance.
B．Did you know hybridization is a biological process
C．That’s due to habitat destruction or changing climate.
D．Did you know that hybrids appear in the natural world, too
E．Jimmy believes species hybridization in nature is a good thing.
F．Many conservationists think that creating hybrids is a bad thing.
G．Living things, especially plants, will naturally hybridize in the wild.
7
As our human population and resource need grow, we are leaving less and less room for wildlife. But the good news is that each of us can play a role in helping wild animals by making the world a better place for them. 31
Go outside and connect with wildlife. Take a walk and enjoy the wildlife all around you-the birds, butterflies, elephants and the like. Spend more time outside appreciating, enjoying and learning about wildlife.
Speak up for wildlife. 32 , Speak up and speak out against wildlife illegal poaching(偷猎), wild animal exploration, sport hunting of wild animals, overfishing. the illegal pet trade, wild animals used for entertainment, and much more. 33 , Then spread them on social media. encourage friends and others to watch them too, and share your ideas about how to protect and save wildlife.
34 . Collecting rubbish can save the life of an animal. Pick up any plastic bag. Plastic of any kind, fishing line, and anything that can be mistaken for food by animals. or can trap and even kill then.
Never buy products from threatened or endangered species. When traveling to a foreign country, shopping overseas, or shopping in your local area, never buy gifts or products that support the illegal wildlife trade, or are from animals in danger. 35 .
A．Pick up rubbish around you
B．Contact the local government
C．Your choice could make a big difference
D．Become a voice for wildlife on social media
E．Take a free online class on wildlife protection
F．Learn about the lives and problems many animals are facing today
G．Let’s become an active protector by putting the following ideas into practice
8
Nearly five years ago, I booked a retreat (僻静处) to work on my book, Tracking Wonder. I knew I worked best with limited distraction, but when I finally was able to carve time away from the world to do this creative work, I found it very difficult to focus. 36 Now I know that we need to work on something counter-intuitive (违反直觉的): our ability to be bored.
37
Ⅰ. Reboot(重启) your mental health.
Just as our muscles need rest days between workouts to grow stronger, our minds need periods of idleness to process the world around us.
Innovators in times of crisis and adversity actually grant themselves space to be bored and daydream deliberately. This kind of daydreaming can lead to positive mental feelings of hope, renewal, and forward motion, but it requires boredom and space.
Ⅱ. 38
The capacity to be bored and the capacity to be creative go hand in hand. Want to increase your creativity 39 Embrace those periods of boredom that are built into your commute, break time, or meals. Turn off the podcast, stop scrolling through the news feeds, and let your mind lie fallow (休耕的) so that the seeds of your next idea have space to grow.
Ⅲ. Reconnect with what matters to you.
These days, current events—and the resulting analysis, opinions, and Twitter hot takes—come at us so quickly that it’s difficult to process one issue before the next takes its place. 40 Rather than reaching for stimulation (刺激) by searching for the next event to be entertained or enraged (激怒) by, boredom gives you space to think through the information you’re gathering and begin to challenge ideas. The next time you find yourself compelled to reach for your phone, I challenge you to try sitting with what matters to you, and letting your idle mind discover surprising connections.
A．Become more creative.
B．I completely lacked creativity.
C．Here are three ways to release your creativity.
D．The answer may not be more stimulation, but less.
E．Reach for our phones to check a fact during a conversation.
F．Learning to let yourself be bored can have three surprising benefits.
G．But to truly be an informed citizen, you need to allow time for idleness.
9
A European street today may smell like coffee, fresh-baked bread and cigarettes. 41 Historians and scientists across Europe have now gotten together with perfumers (香水制造者) and museums for a unique project called “Odeuropa”—to capture what Europe smelled like between the 16th and early 20th centuries.
To successfully finish this three-year-long project, the researchers need to find all the old scents of Europe-and even recreate some of this ancient smellscape. To do this, they will first build artificial intelligence that will be trained to scan historical texts, written in seven different languages, for any descriptions of smells. 42 .
The “Encyclopedia (百科全书) of Smell Heritage” will include the meaning of certain scents and will trace the stories behind scents, places and olfactory (嗅觉的) practices. 43 , enabling future generations to access and learn about the scented past.
44 , such as doctors. In the past, herbs were often used by European doctors to heal the sick. They smell special and their scents should be included in the encyclopedia. But just as history is filled with interesting and pleasant smells, it’s also filled with stinky (非常难闻的) ones.
“I find it particularly interesting to make the audience know about a whole range of scents such as a stinky canal,” said Caro Verbeek, a scent historian and member of the Odeuropa team. “It will make us more aware of how we relate to smell today and how differently smells were appreciated in the past. With current technology, almost every scent can be produced. 45 . People haven’t always talked or written about them.”
A．It expressed a longing for the countryside life
B．But what did it smell like hundreds of years ago
C．Why is it filled with interesting and pleasant smells
D．It will become a record for the smell heritage of Europe
E．The more difficult part of the project will be to find descriptions of scents
F．The encyclopedia will also include descriptions of people for whom smell was important
G．The team will then use the information to create an encyclopedia of smells from Europe’s past
10
What Are Grasslands
Grasslands are wide areas of land covered with low growing plants such as grasses and wildflowers. Grasslands don’t get enough rain to grow tall trees and produce forests, but they get too much rain to form a desert. Temperate (温带的) grasslands have different seasons including hot summers and cold winters.
46
Grasslands are generally found between deserts and forests. The major temperate grasslands are located in central North America in the United States, in southeast South America in Uruguay and Argentina, and in Asia along the southern part of Russia and Mongolia.
47
A variety of animals live in the grasslands, including dogs, wolves, and eagles. A lot of smaller animals hide down in the grass, such as snakes, mice, and rabbits.
48
Different kinds of grass grow in different areas of the grasslands. There are actually thousands of different kinds of grass that grow in this type of environment. Where they grow usually depends on the amount of rain that area gets. In wetter grasslands, there are tall grasses that can grow up to six feet high. In dryer areas the grasses grow shorter, maybe only a foot or two tall. Other plants that grow there include sunflowers, butterfly weeds, and butterweeds.
49
Grasslands play an important role in human farming and food production. They are used to grow crops such as wheat and corn. They are also good for feeding farm animals such as cows.
50
Unfortunately, human farming and development has caused the grasslands to become gradually smaller. Governments have carried protection measures to try and save the grasslands that are left, along with the endangered plants and animals that live there.
A．The Narrowing Grasslands
B．Animals in the Grasslands
C．Some Important Temperate Grasslands in the World
D．Farming and Food
E．Wildfires in the Grasslands
F．Types of Temperate Grasslands
G．Plants in the Grasslands
参考答案：
1．A 2．F 3．E 4．G 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国姓氏的由来，我们今天所知道的英国姓氏直到1066年诺曼征服才被广泛使用。
1．根据空前“Before that time there weren’t enough people to make it necessary to use anything other than a single name.(在那之前，没有足够多的人需要使用单一的名字以外的任何东西。)”可知，在诺曼征服之前人口不多。再根据空后“people began adding descriptions such as “John the Baker” to tell between people of the same name. (人们开始添加诸如“面包师约翰”这样的描述来区分同名的人。)”可知，人们开始添加一些描述来区分同名的人。选项A“As the country’s population grew,(随着国家人口的增长，)”不仅从形式上符合下文，从内容上也承上启下，使得上下文符合逻辑。正因为人口增加，人们才开始添加描述来区分同名的人。故选A。
2．根据段首“Occupational(职业性的)Surnames.(职业性的姓氏)”可知，本段主要讲述的是姓氏和职业相关。选项F“Many English surnames developed from a person’s job or trade.(许多英语姓氏是由一个人的工作或贸易发展而来的。)”和本段内容相符。同时与下文所举例子“Two common English surname, Smith and Wright, are excellent examples of this. (两个常见的英国姓氏，史密斯和赖特，就是很好的例子。)”保持一致。故选F。
3．根据上文“Most refer to an individual’s appearance, like size, color or physical shape, for example, Little or Armstrong.(大多数是指一个人的外表，如大小、颜色或身体形状，例如，Little或 Armstrong。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是有些姓氏用来描述一个人。再根据空后“Goodchild or Wise are good examples of this.( Goodchild或Wise就是很好的例子。)”可知，Goodchild或Wise是描述了一个人的性格。选项E“They may also refer to an individual’s personal character.(它们也可以指一个人的性格。)”是下文内容的总结，符合本段内容。故选E。
4．根据下文“County names in Great Britain, such as Kent and Devon, have been commonly adopted as surnames.(英国的郡名，如肯特郡和德文郡，已被普遍采纳为姓氏。)”可知，一些地名已经成为了姓氏。选项G“Thus, many English surnames developed from the name of an actual town or county.(因此，许多英文姓氏是从一个实际的城镇或郡的名字发展而来的。)”与下文所举例子相一致，指的都是一些城镇或郡的名字已经成为了正式的姓氏。故选G。
5．根据空前“Other local surnames are from descriptive landscape features such as hills and woods which describe the land where the bearer lives.(其他当地姓氏来自描述性的景观特征，如山丘和森林，描述了持有者居住的土地。)”可知，有些景观特征也成为了姓氏。选项D“This is the origin of surnames such as Hill and Bush.(这是Hill和Bush等姓氏的起源。)”与上文内容一致，是上文所指的景观特征的具体例子。故选D。
6．B 7．C 8．A 9．E 10．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了新闻媒体的发展和变化以及给人们带来的影响。
6．根据上文“We are living in an unusual time in the history of the media.(我们生活在媒体历史上一个不同寻常的时代)”以及后文“things have changed greatly in recent years(近年来，情况发生了很大变化)”可知，后文提到了近年来发生了很大变化，可知本句是在说明惯例做法。故B选项“虽然传统上，大公司一直是生产和报道新闻的人”符合语境，故选B。
7．根据后文“In the past people bought newspapers or watched TV; they now simply open an app on their mobile phone or use their computer to access the news immediately.(过去，人们买报纸或看电视；他们现在只需打开手机上的应用程序或使用电脑就能立即获取新闻)”可知，后文提到人们只需要打开应用程序或电脑就能立即获取新闻，说明互联网的使用对新闻媒体产生了影响。故C选项“互联网的广泛使用对媒体产生了影响”符合语境，故选C。
8．根据上文“And mobile phones also mean that everyone can now be a reporter.(手机也意味着现在每个人都可以成为记者)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明手机让每个人都可以成为记者的具体例子：人们可以上传他们认为其他人感兴趣的事件的视频。故A选项“例如，人们可以上传他们认为其他人感兴趣的事件的视频”符合语境，故选A。
9．根据后文“It’s common for people to engage in activities such as microblogging where they can share their ideas and opinions on whatever topic they choose.(人们参与微博之类的活动是很常见的，在微博上他们可以就自己选择的任何话题分享自己的想法和观点)”可知，后文提到了人们参与微博话题讨论，可见新闻变得更具有互动性。故E选项“新闻变得互动的另一种方式是评论、分享和讨论新闻的流行”符合语境，故选E。
10．根据上文“While there has been lots of advantages for readers(虽然对读者来说有很多好处)”可知，while引导让步状语从句，可知本句是在说明缺点，故D选项“电视台，尤其是报纸受到了负面影响，因为很少有公司选择通过他们付费做广告”符合语境，故选D。
11．B 12．F 13．G 14．E 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些著名球员成功的经历和秘诀。
11．设空处位于段首，为段落主旨句，能概括本段主要内容；下文“Marcus Mariota, once titled the best college football player in the country, has been a starting quarterback for the Tennessee Titans since 2015. “Playing in a brand-new city, with a new team, there are lots of things you’re not familiar with. I learnt a lot from the team’s experienced players and they helped me handle the transition(过渡), making me feel welcome.(马库斯·马里奥塔，曾经被称为全国最好的大学橄榄球运动员，自2015年以来一直是田纳西泰坦队的首发四分卫。“在一个全新的城市，和一支新的球队比赛，有很多事情你不熟悉。我从球队有经验的球员身上学到了很多东西，他们帮助我应对转变，让我感觉很受欢迎。)”提到了从球队有经验的球员身上学到了很多东西。由此可知，本段重点强调“向有经验的人学习相关”。B项“Learn from the team’s experienced players.(向有经验的队员学习。)”最能概括本段内容。故选B项。
12．设空处位于段末，需能总结和承接上文；上文“I learnt a lot from the team’s experienced players and they helped me handle the transition(过渡), making me feel welcome.(我从球队有经验的球员身上学到了很多东西，他们帮助我应对转变，让我感觉很受欢迎。)”提到了球员的帮助让他感觉很受欢迎。F项“That meant a lot to me because relationships are what really matter.(这对我来说意义重大，因为关系才是最重要的。)”恰好总结上文内容，“That”代指上文提到的句子。故选F项。
13．上文“As a newcomer, things are going a million miles per hour. I had to slow down and learn to be patient.(作为一个新人，一切都在飞速发展。我不得不放慢脚步，学会耐心。)”提到了要放慢脚步，学会耐心；下文“Making mistakes is part of the learning experience.(犯错是学习经历的一部分。)”提到了另一个学习的东西——犯错。G项“There is nothing wrong with not understanding something on the first try.(第一次不理解一些事情并没有错。)”与下文对应，指出犯错也没关系。故选G项。
14．上文“The difficult part is finding my role on a new, different team. In college, I started every game, every year.(最难的是在一个新的、不同的团队中找到自己的角色。在大学里，我每年都是每场比赛的首发。)”提到了在大学时是每场比赛的首发；下文“I’m learning to stay calm about playing time.(我正在学习在比赛时保持冷静。)”提到了Kyle到了新的球队后，正在学习在比赛时保持冷静。由此可知，Kyle Fisher虽然曾经每场比赛都是首发，但他现在在一个新的球队，需要通过自己的努力争取当首发。E项“But here I have to earn my way into a starting role.(但在这里，我必须努力争取当首发。)”与上文对应，即过去自己是首发，现在也要努力争当首发，同时引起下文。故选E项。
15．上文“Every night, we play against top-fight competition. It’s more fast-paced; the players are bigger and longer, so you have to adjust.(每天晚上，我们都要和顶级竞争对手比赛。这种比赛的节奏更快；球员更高更壮，所以你必须调整。)”提到了每天晚上都要和顶级对手打比赛，所以要不断调整；下文“Therefore, I’m still learning.(因此，我还在学习。)”提到了Jewell还在学习。由此可推知，此处重点强调不断学习。A项“There are still areas I need to improve.(我仍有需要改进的地方。)”与上下文对应。故选A项。
16．G 17．F 18．B 19．A 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了收养宠物需要注意的问题。
16．上文“Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people who want to add an animal companion.(收养宠物正迅速成为许多想要增加动物伴侣的人的首选)”说明许多人选择收养宠物，以及下文“An affordable choice.(一个经济实惠的选择)”、“Homeless animals can make wonderful pets.(无家可归的动物可以成为极好的宠物)”、“Adult animals have benefits.(成年动物有好处)”说明收养宠物时需要注意的问题，G项“有很多网上搜索，可以寻找可能的宠物收养者来选择一只理想的宠物。”承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
17．上文“There are many reasons owners may need to rehome their pet — divorce, lack of suitable accommodation, or the time and money needed to care for a dog.(主人们有很多理由为他们的宠物找一个新家—离婚、没有合适的住宿或没有照顾小狗的时间和金钱)”说明动物变得无家可归的原因，F项“因此，一些狗和猫迷路了，无法辨认，也从未认领。”说明由于迷路、无法辨认或无人认领等原因，动物也可能会变得无家可归，承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
18．上文“Generally, if you decide to buy a pet from breeders, only very young animals are available.(一般来说，如果你决定从饲养员那里购买宠物，你可能只买得到幼小的动物)”以及下文“And there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat.(收养一只更成熟的狗或猫有很多好处)”说明成年动物有好处，但是在饲养员处只能买到幼小的动物，空处应说明可以收养成年动物的地方，B项“但是收容所有很多宠物供你选择。”承上启下，符合题意。故选B。
19．下文“You should only adopt a dog or cat from a reputable shelter or rescue group.(你只应该从有信誉的收容所或救援团体收养一只狗或猫)”说明要从可靠的来源处选择收养宠物，A项“从可靠的来源中选择合适的动物。”引出下文，符合题意。故选A。
20．下文“For example, you need to think carefully about how you will care for it — there’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing rescue animals appropriately. The costs, the necessary space and the age of people in your home are also important factors you should consider.(例如，你需要仔细考虑你将如何照顾它——妥善管理救援动物有很多责任。成本、必要的空间和家中人的年龄也是你应该考虑的重要因素)”说明收养动物需要考虑很多因素，需要选择适合自己生活方式的宠物，C项“只选择适合你生活方式的宠物是很重要的。”引出下文，符合题意。故选C。
21．G 22．E 23．D 24．B 25．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者小时候经常看着姐姐画画，觉得自己不如姐姐有天分，但是姐姐一直鼓励自己，自己不断进步，最终成为著名画家的故事。
21．根据下文“But I didn’t have the natural talent that she had.(但我没有她那样的天赋。)”中转折连词But可知，上下文间有转折关系，G项“I hoped I could create amazing pictures like her.(我希望我能像她一样创作出令人惊叹的画作。)”说自己想像姐姐一样创作出令人惊叹的画作，与下文“没有她那样的天赋”构成转折关系，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
22．设空处位于段首，应能概括本段内容；下文“When I tried drawing and made some poor pictures, she told me that they were good.(当我试着画画时，画了一些很差的画，她告诉我画得很好。)”提到了作者画了一些很差的画时，作者的姐姐总是说很好。由此可知，作者的姐姐总是鼓励她。E项“However, my sister encouraged me a lot.(然而，我姐姐鼓励我很多。)”与下文照应。故选E项。
23．上文“With time going by, Karin created many beautiful drawings that were added to the walls of the guest room.(随着时间的推移，卡琳创作了许多美丽的图画，被挂到客房的墙壁上。)”提到了姐姐Karin创作了很多美丽的图画，并挂在了客房的墙上；下文“I knew they paled (相形见绌) in comparison to hers though I made progress.(我知道，尽管我取得了进步，但与她的相比，还是相形见绌。)”提到了作者觉得自己画的画与姐姐相比，还是相形见绌。由此可推知，作者的画其实也有挂在墙上，才会形成对比。D项“A few of my good pictures also went up.(我的几幅好画也挂了上去。)”符合语境。故选D项。
24．设空处位于段末，需要能承接上文；上文“I kept making progress every day.(我每天都在不断进步。)”提到了作者每天都在不断进步。由此可推知，作者的画技在提升。B项“Over the years, I became more skilled.(这些年来，我变得越来越熟练。)”与上文照应。故选B项。
25．上文“As Karin moved further into adulthood, she had fewer and fewer art projects of her own.(随着卡琳逐渐长大成人，她自己的艺术项目越来越少。)”提到了随着Karin长大成人，她的艺术项目越来越少；下文“Then she left art behind.(然后她抛开了艺术。)”提到了Karin离开了艺术领域。由此可推知，姐姐Karin可能有了其他的兴趣，所以离开了艺术领域。C项“Finally, some new interests attracted her.(终于，一些新的兴趣吸引了她。)”解释了姐姐放弃艺术的原因。故选C项。
26．D 27．G 28．C 29．F 30．E
【导语】本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自然。文章主要介绍了动植物的杂交并且举例说明其发生条件以及结果。
26．根据上文“You’ve probably heard of a hybrid(杂交物种)in films or books. The centaurs in the Harry Potter films are hybrids of human and horse.(你可能在电影或书中听说过杂交物种。《哈利波特》系列电影中的人马是人和马的杂交物种。)”以及下文“Hybridization occurs in both plants and animals.(杂交在动植物中时有发生。)”可知，杂交物种出现在电影或书里和下文杂交出现在植物和动物中，可以看出此处起着承上启下的作用，D项（你知道自然世界里也有杂交物种吗 ）符合语境。故选D项。
27．根据上文“Hybridization occurs in both plants and animals.(杂交在动植物中都有发生。)”以及下文“What’s more, many plants that people eat, from strawberries to carrots, corn and potatoes, have been created by hybridization. (更重要的是，人们吃的许多植物，从草莓到胡萝卜、玉米和土豆，都是通过杂交培育出来的。)”可知，本段主要谈论植物的杂交，表示承接与递进关系，G项（生物，尤其是植物，会在野外自然杂交）中“especially plants”与上下文有对应关系，符合语境。故选G项。
28．根据上文“Cross-breeding(杂交)sometimes occurs when animals’ normal territory overlaps(部分重叠).(杂交有时发生在动物的正常领地重叠的时候)”以及下文“The grolar bear is a hybrid that happens when grizzly and polar bears mate. (北极灰熊是灰熊和北极熊交配后的杂交后代。)”可知，C项（这是由于栖息地破坏或气候变化）中“That’s due to”指代上文“Cross-breeding(杂交)sometimes occurs”发生条件，下文举例说明提及重叠的原因，符合语境。故选C项。
29．根据上文“Ligers(lion and tiger hybrids)are unlikely to occur in nature, because the only place that their habitats overlap is the Gir Forest in India.(狮虎(狮子和老虎的混合体)在自然界中不太可能出现，因为它们的栖息地唯一重叠的地方是印度的吉尔森林。)”以及下文“Mixed species are more likely to be born with health issues than other animals.(与其他动物相比，混合物种出生时更有可能出现健康问题。)”可知，F项（许多环保主义者认为创造杂交物种是一件坏事）中“a bad thing”与下文“health issues”有对应关系，可推断此处是对杂交的消极看法，符合语境。故选F项。
30．根据段落结构以及下文“ ‘It’s part of the evolutionary process,’he says. Fertile hybrids can lead to the creation of a new species and increase the variety of living things.(他说:“这是进化过程的一部分。”肥沃的杂交可以导致新物种的产生，并增加生物的种类。)”可知，此处是积极的态度和看法，E项（吉米相信自然界中的物种杂交是一件好事）中“a good thing”与下文的“lead to the creation”以及“increase the variety”形成对应关系，符合语境。故选E项。
31．G 32．D 33．F 34．A 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要向读者介绍了一些保护野生动物的具体行动措施。
31．根据空格前句“But the good news is that each of us can play a role in helping wild animals by making the world a better place for them. (但好消息是，我们每个人都可以在帮助野生动物方面发挥作用，让世界变得更美好)”及下文“Go outside and connect with wildlife. (走出去，与野生动物接触)”可知，该空格处承上启下，总体提出通过一些具体行动来保护动物，G项“Let’s become an active protector by putting the following ideas into practice. (让我们一起践行以下理念，做一名积极的动物保护者)”符合文意，故选G项。
32．根据本节主题句“Speak up for wildlife. (为野生动物发声)”及下文“Then spread them on social media.(把它们在社交媒体上传播出去)”可知，本段建议读者积极地为动物保护发声，并将这种正能量传播出去。D项“Become a voice for wildlife on social media. (在社交媒体上为野生动物发声)”符合文意，故选D项。
33．根据空后“Then spread them on social media. encourage friends and others to watch them too, and share your ideas about how to protect and save wildlife. (然后在社交媒体上传播。鼓励朋友和其他人也观看，并分享你关于如何保护和拯救野生动物的想法)”可知，此处作者建议读者将野生动物的相关信息调查清楚，然后发布到网上，引起人们对它们艰难的生存现状予以广泛关注。F项“Learn about the lives and problems many animals are facing today. (了解目前动物生存所面临的问题)”符合文意，故选F项。
34．根据空后“Collecting rubbish can save the life of an animal. (收集垃圾可以拯救一只动物的性命)”可知，本段建议读者通过收集垃圾，减少环境污染，来保护野生动物。A项“Pick up rubbish around you. (捡起你身边的垃圾)”适合作本段主题句，故选A项。
35．根据空前“When traveling to a foreign country, shopping overseas, or shopping in your local area, never buy gifts or products that support the illegal wildlife trade, or are from animals in danger. (在国外旅行、海外购物或在当地购物时，永远不要购买支持非法野生动物贸易或用濒危动物制成的礼物或产品)”可知，人们的购物行为及习惯也会影响动物保护运动的成效，C项“Your choice could make a big difference. (你的选择会产生很大的影响)”符合文意，故选C项。
36．B 37．F 38．A 39．D 40．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过作者的自身经历感悟讲述了人要有感到无聊或厌烦的能力，并阐述其三大好处。
36．根据前文“I knew I worked best with limited distraction, but when I finally was able to carve time away from the world to do this creative work, I found it very difficult to focus.(我知道在有限的干扰下我工作得最好，但当我终于能够抽出时间来做这项创造性的工作时，我发现很难集中注意力。)”可知，为了专注于创作，让自己更具有创意，作者特意预定一个僻静之所，却事与愿违，难以集中思想，设空句紧跟其后应进一步讲述这样做造成的消极效果。选项B“I completely lacked creativity.(我完全缺乏创造力。)”在句意上与前文构成递进关系，符合表达。故选B项。
37．分析文章和段落结构可知，设空句应是统领下文三点内容。后文的内容“Reboot your mental health.(重启你的心理健康。)”，“Reconnect with what matters to you.(重新联系对你来说重要的东西。)”涉及的是感到无聊或厌烦能给人带来的好处。选项F“Learning to let yourself be bored can have three surprising benefits.(学会让自己感到无聊有三个惊人的好处。)”概括归纳了后文内容，符合分析。故选F项。
38．分析可知，此处为小标题，谈第二大好处。根据后文内容“The capacity to be bored and the capacity to be creative go hand in hand. Want to increase your creativity (忍受无聊的能力和创造的能力是相辅相成的。想提高你的创造力吗 )”可知，该部分讲述无聊与创造性有积极的联系。选项A“Become more creative.(变得更有创造力。)”符合分析。故选A项。
39．分析可知，设空句应是对前文“Want to increase your creativity (想提高你的创造力吗？)”的回答，讲述如何提高创造力，且与小标题和全文观点相符。选项D“The answer may not be more stimulation, but less.(答案可能不是增加刺激，而是减少刺激。)”回答了前文的问题，且减少刺激应是指代开启“无聊模式”，贴合标题和文章观点。故选D项。
40．根据前文“These days, current events—and the resulting analysis, opinions, and Twitter hot takes—come at us so quickly that it’s difficult to process one issue before the next takes its place.(如今，时事——以及由此产生的分析、观点和Twitter热议——来得如此之快，以至于我们很难在下一个问题出现之前处理好一个问题。)”提及无暇顾及加工处理问题，后文“Rather than reaching for stimulation by searching for the next event to be entertained or enraged by, boredom gives you space to think through the information you’re gathering and begin to challenge ideas.(无聊不是通过寻找下一个让你开心或愤怒的事件来寻求刺激，而是给你空间来思考你收集的信息，并开始挑战想法。)”则提出腾出时间和空间来思考，并与重大事件重新构建联系，所以设空处应是转折句。选项G“But to truly be an informed citizen, you need to allow time for idleness.(但要真正成为一个有见识的公民，你需要留出空闲的时间。)”为转折句，在句意上前后衔接紧密。故选G项。
41．B 42．G 43．D 44．F 45．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是历史是写出来的，读出来的，讲出来的，但很少有人去闻它。今天欧洲有一条街道可能闻起来像咖啡、刚出炉的面包和香烟的味道。但是几百年前它闻起来是什么味道呢？科学家们正在试图重现欧洲往日的气味。
41．根据空前“A European street today may smell like coffee, fresh-baked bread and cigarettes.(如今，欧洲的大街上可能弥漫着咖啡、刚烤好的面包和香烟的味道。)”可知今天的欧洲街头有着浓郁的面包、咖啡和香烟的味道，根据空后“Historians and scientists across Europe have now gotten together with perfumers (香水制造者) and museums for a unique project called “Odeuropa”—to capture what Europe smelled like between the 16th and early 20th centuries.(欧洲的历史学家和科学家们现在与香水商和博物馆一起开展了一个名为“Odeuropa”的独特项目——捕捉16世纪到20世纪初欧洲的气味。)”可知一些科学家正在探索16世纪和20世纪早期之间欧洲的味道，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是几百年前欧洲的气味是什么样子的，B项But what did it smell like hundreds of years ago (但是几百年前它是什么味道呢？)承接上文，引出下文，而且B项中的it指代上文提到的A European street，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
42．根据上文“To successfully finish this three-year-long project, the researchers need to find all the old scents of Europe-and even recreate some of this ancient smellscape. To do this, they will first build artificial intelligence that will be trained to scan historical texts, written in seven different languages, for any descriptions of smells.(为了成功地完成这个为期三年的项目，研究人员需要找到欧洲所有古老的气味，甚至重建一些古老的气味景观。为此，他们将首先建立人工智能，训练其扫描用七种不同语言编写的历史文本，以获取对气味的任何描述。)”可知为了搜寻几百年前欧洲的味道，科学家们会利用人工智能来扫描历史文献，寻找与气味有关的描述，根据下一段首句“The “Encyclopedia (百科全书) of Smell Heritage” will include the meaning of certain scents and will trace the stories behind scents, places and olfactory (嗅觉的) practices.(《嗅觉遗产百科全书》将包括特定气味的意义，并将追溯气味、地点、嗅觉实践背后的故事。)”可知空处内容应该与科学家利用找到的信息创建百科全书有关，G项The team will then use the information to create an encyclopedia of smells from Europe’s past.(然后这个团队会利用这些信息来创建一个关于欧洲过去的气味的百科全书。)指出科学家们将会利用这些信息来创建一个关于欧洲过去的气味的百科全书，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
43．根据空前“The “Encyclopedia (百科全书) of Smell Heritage” will include the meaning of certain scents and will trace the stories behind scents, places and olfactory (嗅觉的) practices.(《嗅觉遗产百科全书》将包括特定气味的意义，并将追溯气味、地点、嗅觉实践背后的故事。)”可知《嗅觉遗产百科全书》将包括某些气味的意义，并将追踪气味背后的故事、产生气味的地点和嗅觉体验，根据空后“enabling future generations to access and learn about the scented past.(让后代能够接触和了解有香味的过去。)”可知《嗅觉遗产百科全书》可以让子孙后代能接触并了解香味的过去，空处承上启下，所以空处内容应该与《嗅觉遗产百科全书》的意义有关， D项It will become a record for the smell heritage of Europe .(它将成为欧洲嗅觉遗产的记录。)指出《嗅觉遗产百科全书》的意义所在，承接上文，引出下文，而且D项中的It指代上文的The “Encyclopedia (百科全书) of Smell Heritage”，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
44．根据空后“such as doctors. In the past, herbs were often used by European doctors to heal the sick.(比如医生。在过去，草药经常被欧洲的医生用来治疗病人。)”可知在过去草药经常被医生用来救人，所以空处内容应该提到了某些人，F项The encyclopedia will also include descriptions of people for whom smell was important .(这一百科全书也会包括对一些人的描述，对这些人来说，气味很重要。)引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
45．根据空前“With current technology, almost every scent can be produced.(运用目前的技术，几乎每一种香味都可以生产出来。)”可知运用现代科技，几乎任何气味都能被制造出来，根据空后“People haven’t always talked or written about them.(人们并不总是谈论或描述他们。)”可知人们不总是谈论或描述各种气味，空处承上启下，所以空处内容应与气味的描述有关，E项The more difficult part of the project will be to find descriptions of scents.(这个项目更困难的部分将是找到气味的描述。)指出在这个项目中比较困难的部分是对于气味的描述，与前文运用现代科技任何气味都能被制造出来的简单形成对比，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选E项。
46．C 47．B 48．G 49．D 50．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了草原的分布、草原上动植物的种类、草原对于人类重要活动的意义以及目前草原正在减少的现状。
46．根据本段第二句“The major temperate grasslands are located in central North America in the United States, in southeast South America in Uruguay and Argentina, and in Asia along the southern part of Russia and Mongolia. (主要的温带草原分布在美国的北美中部，南美洲东南部的乌拉圭和阿根廷，以及亚洲的俄罗斯和蒙古南部。)”可知，本段主要介绍世界上主要的温带草原的分布情况，C项“Some Important Temperate Grasslands in the World (世界上重要的温带草原)”适合作本段主旨句，语意一致。故选C项。
47．根据本段“A variety of animals live in the grasslands, including dogs, wolves, and eagles. A lot of smaller animals hide down in the grass, such as snakes, mice, and rabbits. (草原上生活着各种各样的动物，包括狗、狼和鹰。很多小动物都躲在草丛里，比如蛇、老鼠和兔子。)”可知，本段主要介绍草原上的各种动物，B项“Animals in the Grasslands (草原上的动物)”适合作本段主旨句，语意一致。故选B项。
48．根据本段“Different kinds of grass grow in different areas of the grasslands. (不同的草地上生长着不同种类的草。)”，以及最后一句“Other plants that grow there include sunflowers, butterfly weeds, and butter weeds. (其他生长在那里的植物包括向日葵、蝴蝶草和蝴蝶草。)”可知，本段主要介绍草原上的植物种类，与G项“Plants in the Grasslands (草原上的植物)”内容相符，故选G项。
49．根据本段“Grasslands play an important role in human farming and food production. They are used to grow crops such as wheat and corn. They are also good for feeding farm animals such as cows. (草原在人类耕作和粮食生产中发挥着重要作用。它们被用来种植小麦和玉米等作物。它们也适合喂牛等农场动物。)”可知，本段主要介绍 草原和人类农业之间的关系，D项“Farming and Food (粮食和农业)”适合作本段主旨句，语意一致。故选D项。
50．根据本段“Unfortunately, human farming and development has caused the grasslands to become gradually smaller. Governments have carried protection measures to try and save the grasslands that are left, along with the endangered plants and animals that live there. (不幸的是，人类的耕作和发展已经使草原变得越来越小。政府已经采取了保护措施，试图拯救剩下的草原，以及生活在那里的濒危动植物。)”可知，本段主要介绍草原在减少的现状，A项“The Narrowing Grasslands (缩小的草原)”作本段的主旨句比较贴切，故选A项。
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022--2023高二英语完形填空专练10篇
1
Teacher-Centred Versus Student-Centred Classes
Over the past few decades, teaching styles have changed significantly. Many teachers no longer feel satisfied with lecture-style, teacher-centered learning. A student-centered teaching style has been shown to have 1 benefits for both teachers and students
Student-centered learning can help students take an active interest in their education. Attendance is a(n) 2 in today’s universities and colleges. Some students fail to attend classes, while others doze off or socialize during class time. Students who are forced or at least encouraged to participate in discussions and answer questions aloud 3 pay attention. Studies have shown that answering questions aloud improves understanding and retention. 4 students’ participation may help them realize that going to class is more effective than 5 reading the textbook on their own, without the aid of a teacher.
At first glance, student-centered learning tends to make teaching a more 6 task. It requires instructors to think of ways to 7 their students and make sure that each one is participating. In reality, 8 , student-centered learning is of great benefit to teachers. When students are forced to express their opinions and answer questions 9 , it is easy for the instructor to see where students are having trouble. This type of communication between teachers and students can greatly enhance a teacher’s understanding of what the students have learned or missed.
Another 10 of student-centered learning is that it can enable students to improve their 11 skills. Under a teacher-centered mode of instruction, students have little or no opportunity to interact with their peers. 12 opportunities to build communication and teamwork skills may be severely limited. One of the important functions of higher education, including in-class learning, should be to prepare students for a smooth 13 into society and the workplace. Only by encouraging student participation and interaction can universities 14 students’ ability to make this shift smoothly and effectively.
Student-centered learning helps teachers do a better job of planning what material they are going to teach and how best to present it to their students. Students find this type of learning not only more 15 but also much more effective than teacher-centered learning.
1．A．valueless B．substantial C．unconditional D．unpredictable
2．A．barrier B．contributor C．priority D．problem
3．A．tend to B．fail to C．struggle to D．desire to
4．A．For example B．In addition C．In contrast D．Therefore
5．A．carefully B．helplessly C．randomly D．simply
6．A．imaginary B．creative C．difficult D．effortless
7．A．engage B．appeal C．ask D．praise
8．A．however B．meanwhile C．likewise D．consequently
9．A．in moderation B．in chorus C．on the spot D．in the short term
10．A．way B．outcome C．disadvantage D．advantage
11．A．management B．language C．computer D．social
12．A．As a result B．Furthermore C．Instead D．On top of that
13．A．transition B．transfer C．transmission D．transplant
14．A．compare B．foster C．sharpen D．employ
15．A．sensitive B．reliable C．enjoyable D．knowledgeable
2
“Whenever you do a thing, act as if all the world were watching,” Thomas Jefferson said. Never envisioned that two centuries later, the whole world would be watching indeed.
From license-plate cameras to secret videotapes, from white-hat hacking to social media checks by employers, never have Americans been so 16 . We’ve become a Santa Claus society year-round: that is, they see us when we’ re sleeping and they know when we’ re awake. So will this make us 17 for goodness sake
Jefferson presumed that if the world were watching, people would behave better; we would strive to be our 18 selves. And there is 19 that he is right. A few years ago, Scientific American reported on a study at Newcastle University in England, in which subjects behaved better when there were no real eyes, but posters with images of eyes in the room. Even the 20 of being watched, it turned out, persuaded people into more ethical behavior. In other settings, posters with watching eyes 21 bike thieves and encouraged people to clean up after themselves at lunch.
When my youngest daughter was three years old and unable to grasp that she could be seen even if she closed her eyes, she’d cover her eyes with her hands and shriek “Don’t see me!” When I’d 22 her doing something wrong, like a good comedian, she conveyed a 23 hidden behind a laugh.
To feel shame, and to instinctually try to conceal it, requires a(n) 24 base on which we can build.
25 there will always be among us miserably broken people who purposefully seek sunlight for their evil deeds. The prospect of the whole world watching does not discourage, but in fact, 26 their kind, and even as a society of watchers compels others to behave better, they will behave worse. For them, publicity is a motive, and the threat of punishment—whether by immediate exposure or eventual judgment by an angry God—is 27 .
Ultimately, however, morality is shaped not by either invisibility or exposure, but by personal 28 . We would do better to place our hope not in more speed cameras and “ethical” hackers, but in the more difficult work of 29 strong values. As C． S Lewis so powerfully observed about the 30 of a truly ethical life: “Integrity is doing the right thing, even when no one else is watching.”
16．A．observed B．shared C．understood D．exposed
17．A．anxious B．sensitive C．good D．protective
18．A．noblest B．proudest C．simplest D．wisest
19．A．suggestion B．evidence C．data D．determination
20．A．decision B．imagination C．implication D．procedure
21．A．scanned B．astonished C．searched D．prevented
22．A．left out B．come across C．lived with D．gone for
23．A．drama B．fear C．truth D．difficulty
24．A．solid B．moral C．psychological D．emotional
25．A．Unfortunately B．Honestly C．Decisively D．Surprisingly
26．A．separates B．motivates C．alerts D．lightens
27．A．impossible B．distant C．inevitable D．irrelevant
28．A．will B．persistence C．affairs D．abilities
29．A．promoting B．preserving C．adjusting D．challenging
30．A．value B．foundation C．price D．hope
3
According to Greek legend, in ancient Athens a man noticed the great storyteller Aesop playing childish games with some little boys. He laughed and made fun of Aesop, asking him why he wasted his time in such 31 games.
Aesop responded by 32 a bow, loosening its string, and placing it on the ground. Then he said to the critical man, “Now, 33 the riddle (迷), if you can. Tell us what the unstrung bow means.”
The man looked at it for several minutes but had no idea about what 34 Aesop was trying to make. Aesop 35 , “If you keep a bow always bent, it will break finally; but if you let it go loose, it will be more 36 for use when you want it.”
So it is with us. Our minds and bodies are like the 37 . When often under the 38 of everyday life, we can finally break. We need to loosen up; we need time to take the pressure off and relax.
Former baseball pitcher (投球手) Dutch Leonard might have put it a little differently. He once said that the 39 of great pitching is not speed or the ability to throw curves (曲线球). It’s the “change of pace”. Even the 40 batter (击球手) will soon learn how to hit a pitcher who continually throws the same kind of pitch. But it’s 41 to hit a pitcher who changes the pace of pitching. That 42 of pace gives a pitcher an advantage over the other pitchers.
A change of pace also gives us a(n) 43 in life. Taking time to watch the clouds, enjoy a breeze, take a walk, read just slowdown is 44 if we are to be our best later. And a regular day of rest is as important as regular sleep. It’s a 45 of taking the pressure off.
To be your best, make sure you change your pace. It may just be the change you need.
31．A．wise B．bright C．foolish D．false
32．A．picking up B．throwing away C．making up D．putting down
33．A．make B．answer C．follow D．ask
34．A．point B．legend C．idea D．plan
35．A．answered B．replied C．explained D．called
36．A．possible B．careful C．hopeful D．fit
37．A．string B．bow C．riddle D．activity
38．A．routine B．control C．pressure D．pain
39．A．secret B．solution C．ability D．method
40．A．great B．successful C．average D．smart
41．A．easy B．hard C．likely D．usual
42．A．kind B．game C．change D．speed
43．A．advantage B．road C．bottom D．centre
44．A．convenient B．necessary C．acceptable D．reasonable
45．A．trick B．result C．beginning D．way
4
Last year marked 20 years since the deadliest accident in the history of Italian aviation (航空). In October 2001, the Linate Airport disaster 46 more than 100 people lose their lives 47 a ground crash at Milan’s most centrally-located commercial airport. The 48 involved a Scandinavian Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-87 and a private Cessna Citation CJ2.
The date of the accident was October 8th, 2001. On this day, MD-87 was set to 49 a direct flight from Milan Linate to Copenhagen in Denmark. This 50 had 104 passengers and six crew onboard.
Also set to 51 Milan Linate that morning was the Cessna CJ2. Headed for Paris, there were just four people onboard.
On the morning of October 8th, 2001, foggy conditions prevailed (占优势) at Milan Linate Airport. Such weather can 52 visibility to minimal levels, potentially causing 53 operational trouble at airports. There is a very real 54 to it, as misunderstandings can be deadly in low visibility. 55 , Vincenzo Fusco, the airport’s director, stated that conditions were still 56 for flying. The Cessna’s pilots, 57 in the fog, took a wrong turn on the runway, which could have been 58 if there had been a ground radar (雷达) system at the airport.
At 08:09, air traffic control advised MD-87’s pilots that they were clear to take-off. Less than a minute after this clearance, the departing MD-87 59 with the Cessna as it crossed the runway. The crash and the resulting fire destroyed both of the aircraft, leaving all the passengers and pilots 60 in the tragedy dead.
46．A．offered B．saw C．affected D．predicted
47．A．due to B．despite C．apart from D．with regard to
48．A．occasion B．situation C．tragedy D．adventure
49．A．unfold B．command C．operate D．distribute
50．A．company B．profession C．trade D．service
51．A．depart B．transform C．orbit D．enter
52．A．increase B．reduce C．enhance D．recover
53．A．current B．magical C．odd D．severe
54．A．danger B．loss C．prejudice D．response
55．A．Therefore B．Thankfully C．Literally D．However
56．A．necessary B．suitable C．convenient D．ready
57．A．engaged B．connected C．lost D．experienced
58．A．noticed B．emphasized C．ignored D．generated
59．A．replaced B．crashed C．contrasted D．quarreled
60．A．dressed B．absorbed C．buried D．involved
5
One Saturday evening, there was a knock at my door. My friend Jacqui was standing there holding a blood stained towel 61 around something. “I saw him being hit by a car and 62 to the side of the road,” she said. “It’s an echidna(针鼹猬). He may have lost a leg.”
Birds are my 63 specialty. I know a lot about the local native varieties that live around the caravan park I manage. The Parks and Wildlife officers and tourists often drop off injured birds to me to nurse back to 64 , but I’d never handled an echidna.
I took this little creature, carefully 65 him and, to my relief, saw that all four legs were 66 . There was blood streaming from his nose. A few hours later, I arrived home from the local vet, 67 with a small oxygen tank and mask attached to the echidna’s nose, who was nestled inside a cage.
The next morning, I removed the oxygen mask. He seemed 68 , backing off, but his condition was much improved. We had an empty aviary(鸟舍) in the garden and inside it was a large bath. I 69 the bath was the best place to keep him. I placed lots of leaf litter on the 70 of the bath for him to dig and bury himself in.
When I checked on him the next day, all the leaf litter was 71 at one end of the bath and a large hole had been dug along the side of the aviary. There was no echidna. I eventually found him attempting an(a) 72 under our front gate. He was 73 ready to go home, so Jacqui and I drove to the spot where she’d found him and placed the cage on the 74 , and watched as he happily went off. These clever creatures know when it’s time to 75 and leave.
61．A．shown B．wrapped C．placed D．thrown
62．A．walk B．rush C．jump D．roll
63．A．usual B．inconvenient C．irregular D．straight
64．A．energy B．health C．figure D．weight
65．A．unwrapped B．conserved C．cured D．unlocked
66．A．unearthed B．broken C．unhurt D．connected
67．A．decorated B．supplied C．armed D．educated
68．A．unconscious B．alarmed C．concerned D．excited
69．A．figured B．mistook C．protected D．ignored
70．A．front B．top C．surface D．bottom
71．A．washed away B．spread over C．piled up D．eaten up
72．A．fight B．competition C．escape D．struggle
73．A．luckily B．obviously C．seemingly D．deliberately
74．A．ground B．road C．car D．tree
75．A．celebrate B．honor C．decide D．arrive
6
Smith Justice and his son were coming back from the dentist, when they saw a homeless man in the road. Smith 76 to give the man some money, but didn’t have any cash. His son suggested giving the man the 30 cents he had. But Smith was 77 . He didn’t want to give this man just 30 cents since the man 78 needed all the help he could get. Moreover, his own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown 79 to receiving just thirty cents was standing 80 .
Smith told his son what people saw as a good thing was not good enough to make a 81 in someone’s life. But his son insisted. Smith 82 the window and said to the man, “I’m sorry, man. I don’t have any 83 on me but my son wants to give you everything he has right now.” The homeless man smiled, “God bless you, little man!” At that moment, the only thing 84 the brightness of the man’s smile was the bigger smile on the little boy’s face.
A chain reaction of kindness 85 behind them that day in Nashville, Tennessee, as other people rolled down their windows to 86 , too. Smith suddenly 87 that he was the only problem in this situation. He said, “My little boy 88 me by his actions that it’s always about the heart. It doesn’t 89 how much you have or how little. 90 love and sincerity will often bless others more than we think. ”
76．A．managed B．promised C．intended D．agreed
77．A．confused B．doubtful C．tense D．hesitant
78．A．normally B．clearly C．secretly D．formally
79．A．reaction B．devotion C．objection D．solution
80．A．out of sight B．out of control C．in the way D．in the charge
81．A．fortune B．difference C．name D．commitment
82．A．rolled down B．reached for C．looked through D．lifted up
83．A．check B．card C．cash D．food
84．A．matching B．replacing C．reflecting D．showing
85．A．changed B．stopped C．remained D．started
86．A．greet B．smile C．chat D．donate
87．A．remembered B．realized C．accepted D．regretted
88．A．reminded B．comforted C．praised D．warned
89．A．help B．work C．mean D．matter
90．A．Returning B．Accepting C．Spreading D．Seeking
7
You can’t please all of the people all of the time. But when we care better for ourselves, we care better for others.
My daughter had recently been offered a funded place at a 91 class. But, three weeks later, she admitted that she had never wanted to do the class and she decided to 92 dancing. It turns out that she thought it would make me 93 , because I took dance classes as a teen. Besides, she 94 it would displease the performing arts school to turn down a funded place.
I soon realized that the 95 of being a “good girl” has existed well in my daughter’s generation, although I’ve never considered her as a people pleaser. People pleasers are those who may want to make everyone happy by 96 them to achieve their goals. Some pleasers may not want themselves to be displeased or 97 with. So sometimes they choose not to 98 activities from the very beginning.
The key to solving my daughter’s problem is to follow our real feelings, so that we get to know what we 99 want to do. Tell her that it’s okay to say “ 100 ” to things, and that it’s okay to be 101 sometimes. Also, other people’s reactions are not in our 102 so we have to accept that. Those are not only something that my daughter needs to hear, but also something that we adults need to 103 ourselves of.
Fully understand what we really want and don’t want. It will start to 104 from giving up our needs to please others to learning how to 105 ourselves more.
91．A．painting B．dance C．calligraphy D．chess
92．A．quit B．continue C．prevent D．explore
93．A．stressful B．anxious C．happy D．angry
94．A．hoped B．imagined C．worried D．admired
95．A．symbol B．message C．confidence D．idea
96．A．advising B．helping C．challenging D．forcing
97．A．impressed B．disappointed C．satisfied D．confused
98．A．join in B．work out C．hand in D．make out
99．A．creatively B．immediately C．originally D．actually
100．A．no B．yes C．sorry D．thanks
101．A．inspiring B．amazing C．displeasing D．forgiving
102．A．plan B．dream C．favor D．control
103．A．remind B．break C．cure D．cheat
104．A．disappear B．change C．recover D．result
105．A．express B．defend C．delight D．approach
8
China becomes a world leader in clean technology by fighting environmental pollution, sharing experience.
Erik Solheim, former executive director of the United Nations Environmental Programme, said he is 106 with China’s phenomenal achievements over the past decade in fighting environmental pollution and climate change, and in its march toward 107 development.
This is very 108 to his Twitter followers. Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 109 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade; one about China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year.
He believes that it’s time for the rest of the world to 110 .
For Solheim, who is also the former Norwegian Minister of the Environment and Minister of International Development, China’s achievements on the climate and environmental fronts all started with its fight against 111 .
“People wanted to see beautiful skies over their cities,” he told China Daily. “The 112 fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade shows how fast China can act. This has now spilled over into renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting and a lot more. Today, China is the world leader in all 113 technologies.”
The latest 114 from China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment prove Solheim’s observations that the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path.
Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu told a news conference on Sept 15 that the country’s toughest measures and greatest progress on the ecological and environmental front have occurred in the last decade.
He said that 115 painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace.
While poor air quality used to be a source of frequent public complaints, the average 116 of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter between 2015 and last year.
About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015, making China the country with the biggest 117 in air quality in the world.
In the last decade, the 118 of water at or above Grade III in the country’s five-tier water quality system rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent, close to the levels in developed countries. Carbon intensity, or carbon emissions per unit of GDP, has declined by 34.4 percent, with coal 119 for 56 percent of total energy consumption, compared to 68.5 percent a decade ago.
China has has legislated or revised roughly 30 laws and regulations, some of which focused on water resource protection, including the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, which was modified in 2017, and the Yangtze River Protection Law, which 120 last year.
106．A．confused B．impressed C．obsessed D．connected
107．A．available B．accessible C．sustainable D．substantial
108．A．evident B．attractive C．invisible D．unique
109．A．donating B．contributing C．manufacturing D．distributing
110．A．fall behind B．put forward C．look up D．catch up
111．A．pollution B．environment C．ecology D．emission
112．A．probably B．inevitably C．incredibly D．traditionally
113．A．biological B．advanced C．far-reaching D．green
114．A．study B．figures C．technologies D．innovation
115．A．thanks to B．despite C．regardless of D．other than
116．A．height B．length C．concentration D．weight
117．A．obstacle B．improvement C．contribution D．cultivation
118．A．quality B．flavor C．deposit D．proportion
119．A．accounting B．making C．looking D．applying
120．A．took effect B．took place C．took to D．took in
9
For as long as there’ve been cars and planes, someone has been trying to combine the two. This Italian 121 was built in the 1940s. The trouble is, they’ve never been really 122 , but now things could be about to change. Andy Wall, Sales Director, PAL-V said, “So, we had to stop 123 , and we are now at the very last stage of processing the regulations within permissions for flight with this 124 . So…It’s getting so 125 . “The PAL-V Liberty is made by a Dutch company which is nearing the end of the long process to get everything licensed and 126 .
The question is, who is going to buy one Well, they’ve already got lots of 127 . Marco van den Bosch, Chief Commercial Officer, PAL-V told us, “This is the 128 way to become a pilot. There’s always a small James Bond seat in every heart of every guy and every girl, so that’s where we’re 129 to.”
It takes less than ten minutes to turn it from a plane to a car. 130 , isn’t it You could 131 it at any airfield and then drive home. If you want to 132 one of these, it’s going to cost you ?300,000. It sounds 133 but probably it will be a new motoring and air travel revolution if you want to be at the forefront of what they’re promising. You’ll need a private pilot’s 134 in the UK, but you can learn both here in Coventry and in Oxford. There’ve been many false starts in bringing a flying car to market. Next year, they believe, is when you may 135 one driving along a street near you.
121．A．toy B．model C．equipment D．network
122．A．portable B．native C．attractive D．practical
123．A．dreaming B．working C．cheering D．wandering
124．A．car B．vehicle C．plane D．diploma
125．A．interesting B．risky C．close D．enjoyable
126．A．designed B．exchange C．forbidden D．approved
127．A．gifts B．opportunities C．orders D．goods
128．A．fastest B．slowest C．funniest D．oldest
129．A．skating B．removing C．returning D．selling
130．A．Dangerous B．Amazing C．Unbearable D．Grateful
131．A．find B．land C．rent D．arrange
132．A．purchase B．witness C．invent D．name
133．A．a little B．reasonable C．a lot D．possible
134．A．ticket B．theory C．invitation D．license
135．A．imagine B．suggest C．see D．appreciate
10
For 30 years, I had been working at the childcare center at Edgewood. But in April, it 136 . One day, Edgewood’s HR director told me, “A program will help you get a licensed nursing assistant (LNA) (执业护士助理) degree, and you can start working again.” That caught my 137 . I began to learn professional skills in 138 the elderly. The learning process was a 139 . But I hoped to pass the test.
On my first day of being 140 at a senior care center as an LNA, I had no idea what to 141 . I had seen some people who had Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默症), but I didn’t think I could 142 with any of them. Luckily, an experienced LNA taught me 143 and each day I learned a little more. By Friday afternoon, I was 144 , for being an LNA was a physical job. Before I left, I waved goodbye to the elderly. Some of them didn’t 145 . But others brightened a bit, even if they didn’t really 146 me. It shocked me to think how 147 they must feel when stuck in a mind that was failing. That was when I heard a voice inside me saying, “You can make a 148 here.”
I have grown to love many people there. I enjoy being 149 , helping meet the elderly’s daily needs and cheering them up. After all, every one of us is on our own journey of 150 . We should treat others as we want to be treated.
136．A．shut down B．carried on C．worked out D．showed up
137．A．praise B．interest C．respect D．imagination
138．A．talking about B．calling out C．bringing up D．looking after
139．A．struggle B．discussion C．victory D．waste
140．A．saved B．warned C．trained D．interviewed
141．A．forget B．admire C．recommend D．expect
142．A．agree B．connect C．argue D．compare
143．A．silently B．carelessly C．patiently D．doubtfully
144．A．wise B．tired C．powerful D．surprised
145．A．reply B．worry C．explain D．guess
146．A．satisfy B．refuse C．recognize D．introduce
147．A．thankful B．relaxed C．curious D．lonely
148．A．promise B．survey C．difference D．mistake
149．A．friendly B．honest C．competitive D．confident
150．A．recovery B．aging C．discovery D．waiting
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章比较了以教师为中心的教学方式和以学生为中心的教学方法的差异，明确支持以学生为中心的教学方式对师生都有实质性的好处。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：以学生为中心的教学方式已被证明对教师和学生都有实质性的好处。A. valueless不值钱的；B. substantial大量的，实质性的；C. unconditional无条件的；D. unpredictable不可预测的。根据上文“Over the past few decades, teaching styles have changed significantly. Many teachers no longer feel satisfied with lecture-style, teacher-centered learning. (在过去的几十年里，教学风格发生了巨大的变化。许多教师不再满足于讲课式、以教师为中心的学习)” 可知，几十年中，教师对于以教师为中心的讲课方式不满意，说明有了更好的教学方式，相比较之下，以学生为中心的教法好处多多，substantial符合语境。故选B项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：出勤率在当今的大学和学院是一个问题。A. barrier障碍；B. contributor贡献者；C. priority优先事项；D. problem问题。根据下文“Some students fail to attend classes, while others doze off or socialize during class time. (有些学生无法上课，而另一些学生则在上课时间打瞌睡或社交)”可知，有学生不上课，有的学生来到了教室，但是却无心上课，所以学生出勤率是一个问题（problem）。故选D项。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那些被迫或至少被鼓励参与讨论并大声回答问题的学生往往会集中注意力。A. tend to趋向于；B. fail to未能，没有；C. struggle to努力；D. desire to渴望。当老师要求、鼓励学生参与讨论、回答问题的情况下，学生往往会（tend to）集中注意力听课。故选A项。
4．考查介词短语、副词词义辨析。句意：此外，学生的参与可能会帮助他们意识到，去上课比在没有老师的帮助下自己阅读课本更有效。A. For example例如；B. In addition此外；C. In contrast相比之下；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“Students who are forced or at least encouraged to participate in discussions and answer questions aloud ____3____ pay attention. Studies have shown that answering questions aloud improves understanding and retention. (那些被迫或至少被鼓励参与讨论并大声回答问题的学生往往会集中注意力。研究表明，大声回答问题可以提高理解和记忆力)”可知，参与讨论，并大声回答能改善学生的注意力、理解力、记忆力，此处又陈述了另一个优点：上课听讲的效果比自己看书好，In addition符合语境，故选B项。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，学生的参与可能会帮助他们意识到，去上课比在没有老师的帮助下自己阅读课本更有效。A. carefully小心翼翼地；B. helplessly无助地；C. randomly随机地；D. simply仅仅。根据句中without the aid of a teacher可知，此处指自己独自一人，没有老师帮助下的自己看书学习，simply符合语境。故选D项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乍一看，以学生为中心的学习往往会使教学变得更加困难。A. imaginary想象的；B. creative创造性的；C. difficult困难的；D. effortless轻松的。根据下文“It requires instructors to think of ways to ____7____ their students and make sure that each one is participating.(它要求教师想办法吸引学生，并确保每个人都参与其中)”可知，老师要花心思去吸引学生，保证全员参与，对于老师来说，比以前以教师为中心时，要难（difficult）得多。故选C项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它要求教师想办法吸引学生，并确保每个人都参与其中。A. engage吸引；B. appeal上诉，有吸引力；C. ask询问；D. praise表扬。使学生全员参与学习，教师就得想出各种办法来吸引（engage）学生的注意力，“吸引”也可表达为appeal to，此处无to，排除appeal。故选A项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在现实中，以学生为中心的学习对教师有很大的好处。A. however然而；B. meanwhile同时；C. likewise同样；D. consequently因此。上文“It requires instructors to think of ways to ____7____ their students and make sure that each one is participating. (它要求教师想办法吸引学生，并确保每个人都参与其中)”可知，以学生为中心的教学方法要求教师想办法，使学生全员参与到学习中，对于教师来说，这很有难度，与本句为转折关系，however符合语境。故选A项。
9．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当学生被迫当场表达自己的观点并回答问题时，老师很容易看出学生在哪里遇到了困难。A. in moderation适度地；B. in chorus异口同声地；C. on the spot当场，立即；D. in the short term在短期内。根据上文“Students who are forced or at least encouraged to participate in discussions and answer questions aloud ____3____ pay attention. (那些被迫或至少被鼓励参与讨论并大声回答问题的学生往往会集中注意力)”可知，学生在参与讨论时立即（on the spot）陈述自己的观点，根据学生的表达，老师可以判断出学生存在的问题。故选C项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：以学生为中心的学习的另一个优点是，它可以使学生提高他们的社交技能。A. way方式；B. outcome结果；C. disadvantage劣势；D. advantage优势。根据第二段第一句“Student-centered learning can help students take an active interest in their education. (以学生为中心的学习可以帮助学生对他们的教育产生积极的兴趣)”，以及第三段最后一句“This type of communication between teachers and students can greatly enhance a teacher’s understanding of what the students have learned or missed. (这种师生之间的交流可以大大提高教师对学生所学或遗漏的知识的理解)”可知，上文已经罗列了以学生为中心的教学方式的优点，此处“使学生提高他们的社交技能”也是其中的优点，advantage符合语境，故选D项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：以学生为中心的学习的另一个优点是，它可以使学生提高他们的社交技能。A. management管理；B. language语言；C. computer计算机；D. social社交。根据上文“Students who are forced or at least encouraged to participate in discussions and answer questions aloud ____3____ pay attention. (那些被迫或至少被鼓励参与讨论并大声回答问题的学生往往会集中注意力)”，下文“Under a teacher-centered mode of instruction, students have little or no opportunity to interact with their peers. ____12____，opportunities to build communication and teamwork skills may be severely limited. (在以教师为中心的教学模式下，学生很少或根本没有机会与同龄人互动。因此，培养沟通和团队合作能力的机会可能会受到严重限制)”可知，以教师为中心的学习中，学生很少互动，而以学生为中心的学习中，学生要参与讨论，回答问题，提高了社交（social）技能。故选D项。
12．考查介词短语、副词词义辨析。句意：因此，培养沟通和团队合作能力的机会可能会受到严重限制。A. As a result结果；B. Furthermore此外，而且；C. Instead反而，代替；D. On top of that除此之外。根据上文“Under a teacher-centered mode of instruction, students have little or no opportunity to interact with their peers. (在以教师为中心的教学模式下，学生很少或根本没有机会与同龄人互动)”可知，以教师为中心的学习中，学生很少互动，导致的结果（As a result）是学生的沟通能力、团队合作能力不佳，故选A项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：高等教育的重要功能之一，包括课堂学习，应该是为学生顺利过渡到社会和工作场所做好准备。A. transition过渡，转变；B. transfer转移；C. transmission传播；D. transplant移植。根据下文“Only by encouraging student participation and interaction can universities____14____ students’ ability to make this shift smoothly and effectively. (只有鼓励学生的参与和互动，大学才能培养学生顺利有效地进行这种转变的能力)”，句中的shift与此处的transition意思相近，故选A项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有鼓励学生的参与和互动，大学才能培养学生顺利有效地进行这种转变的能力。A. compare比较；B. foster促进，培养；C. sharpen改善，提高；D. employ雇用。根据上文“Another ____10____ of student-centered learning is that it can enable students to improve their ____11____ skills. (以学生为中心的学习的另一个优点是，它可以使学生提高他们的社交技能)”，“One of the important functions of higher education, including in-class learning, should be to prepare students for a smooth____13____ into society and the workplace. (高等教育的重要功能之一，包括课堂学习，应该是为学生顺利过渡到社会和工作场所做好准备)”，可知，在以学生为中心的学习中，学生获得了社交技能的培养，这些技能可以迁移到社会中、工作场所，所以大学课堂中学生多参与多互动，可以使学生顺利有效地进行这种转变的能力，foster符合语境。故选B项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生们发现这种学习方式不仅比以教师为中心的学习更有知识，而且更有效。A. sensitive敏感的；B. reliable可靠的；C. enjoyable令人愉快的；D. knowledgeable知识渊博的。根据上文“Student-centered learning helps teachers do a better job of planning what material they are going to teach and how best to present it to their students. (以学生为中心的学习有助于教师更好地规划他们将要教授的材料以及如何最好地向学生展示这些材料)”可知，在以学生为中心的教学中，教师更好把控教材，处理教材，使学生学得更高效，更长知识，knowledgeable符合语境。故选D项。
16．D 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．A 30．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了从车牌摄像头到秘密录像带，从白帽黑客到雇主的社交媒体检查，美国人从未如此暴露。有证据表明即使是被监视的暗示，也能说服人们做出更合乎道德的行为。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从车牌摄像头到秘密录像带，从白帽黑客到雇主的社交媒体检查，美国人从未如此暴露。A. observed观察；B. shared分享；C. understood理解；D. exposed暴露。根据第一段“Never envisioned that two centuries later, the whole world would be watching indeed.(从来没想过两个世纪后，全世界确实都在关注)”可知，指美国人暴露在各种镜头之下，被人注视。故选D。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看在上帝的份上，这会让我们变好吗？A. anxious焦虑的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. good好的；D. protective保护的。呼应后文“Jefferson presumed that if the world were watching, people would behave better”指被人注视是否会让人变好。故选C。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰斐逊认为，如果全世界都在观看，人们就会表现得更好；我们要努力成为最高贵的自己。A. noblest最高贵的；B. proudest最自豪的；C. simplest最简单的；D. wisest最明智的。根据上文“people would behave better; we would strive to be our”可知，杰斐逊认为，如果全世界都在观看，人们就会表现得更好；我们要努力成为最高贵的自己。故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有证据表明他是对的。A. suggestion建议；B. evidence证据；C. data日期；D. determination决心。根据后文“A few years ago, Scientific American reported on a study at Newcastle University in England, in which subjects behaved better when there were no real eyes, but posters with images of eyes in the room.(几年前，《科学美国人》报道了英国纽卡斯尔大学的一项研究，在这项研究中，当房间里没有真正的眼睛，但有眼睛图像的海报时，受试者表现得更好)”可知，后文的研究表明有证据表明他是对的。故选B。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果表明，即使是被监视的暗示，也能说服人们做出更合乎道德的行为。A. decision决定；B. imagination想象力；C. implication暗示；D. procedure手续。根据上文“A few years ago, Scientific American reported on a study at Newcastle University in England, in which subjects behaved better when there were no real eyes, but posters with images of eyes in the room.(几年前，《科学美国人》报道了英国纽卡斯尔大学的一项研究，在这项研究中，当房间里没有真正的眼睛，但有眼睛图像的海报时，受试者表现得更好)”可知，海报上有属于被监视的暗示，即，即使是被监视的暗示，也能说服人们做出更合乎道德的行为。故选C。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在其他地方，海报上的眼睛可以防止自行车小偷，并鼓励人们在午餐后清理自己。A. scanned扫描；B. astonished使吃惊；C. searched搜索；D. prevented预防；阻止。根据上文“it turned out, persuaded people into more ethical behavior”可知，即使是被监视的暗示，也能说服人们做出更合乎道德的行为，故海报上的眼睛可以防止自行车小偷，故选D。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我遇到她做错事时，她就像一个优秀的喜剧演员一样，传达了隐藏在笑声背后的真相。A. left out漏掉；B. come across偶遇；C. lived with与……共同生活；D. gone for选择。根据后文“her doing something wrong, like a good comedian, she conveyed a 　　8　　　　hidden behind a laugh.”和“To feel shame, and to instinctually try to conceal it”可知，此处用小女儿犯错被我发现，她试图隐藏，引出下文这中做法是需要道德基础的。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我遇到她做错事时，她就像一个优秀的喜剧演员一样，传达了隐藏在笑声背后的真相。A. drama戏剧；B. fear恐惧；C. truth真相；D. difficulty困难。根据上文“like a good comedian, she conveyed a”指女儿传达了隐藏在笑声背后的真相。故选C。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感到羞耻，并本能地试图隐藏它，需要一个我们能够建立的牢固的道德基础。A. solid牢固的；B. moral道德的；C. psychological心理的；D. emotional情绪的。根据上文“To feel shame, and to instinctually try to conceal it”并结合常识可知，感到羞耻且试图隐藏是建立在牢固的道德基础上的，故选B。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我们中间总是会有悲惨的人，他们故意为自己的恶行寻求阳光。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Honestly诚实地；C. Decisively果断地；D. Surprisingly惊人地。根据后文“there will always be among us miserably broken people who purposefully seek sunlight for their evil deeds”可知，我们中间总是会有悲惨的人，他们故意为自己的恶行寻求阳光，这是不幸的。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全世界都在观看的前景并没有使他们气馁，事实上，反而激励了他们这类人，即使是在一个观看者的社会迫使其他人表现得更好的时候，他们也会表现得更差。A. separates分开；B. motivates激励；C. alerts警报；D. lightens照亮。根据上文“The prospect of the whole world watching does not discourage, but in fact”中but表示转折，说明全世界都在观看的前景并没有使他们气馁，反而激励了他们这类人，故选B。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，公开是一个动机，惩罚的威胁——无论是立即曝光还是愤怒的上帝最终的审判——都无关紧要。A. impossible不可能的；B. distant遥远的；C. inevitable必然发生的；D. irrelevant无关的。根据上文“For them, publicity is a motive, and the threat of punishment—whether by immediate exposure or eventual judgment by an angry God”可知，这类人来说，他们的动机是公开，所以惩罚、曝光或者审判对他们来说都是无关紧要的事情，他们想要的只是公开。故选D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，最终，道德不是由隐形或暴露塑造的，而是由个人意志塑造的。A. will意志力；B. persistence坚持不懈；C. affairs事务；D. abilities残疾。根据最后一段“Integrity is doing the right thing, even when no one else is watching.(正直就是做正确的事，即使没有别人在看着)”可知，道德不是由隐形或暴露塑造的，而是由个人意志塑造的。故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们最好不要寄希望于更多的高速摄像机和“有道德”的黑客，而是寄希望于更困难的促进强大价值观的工作。A. promoting促进；B. preserving保留；C. adjusting调整；D. challenging挑战。根据上文“but in the more difficult work of”中but表示转折，说明我们最好不要寄希望于更多的高速摄像机和“有道德”的黑客，而是寄希望于更困难的促进强大价值观的工作。故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如C. S Lewis对真正有道德的生活基础所作的有力观察：“正直就是做正确的事，即使没有别人在看着。”A. value价值；B. foundation基础；C. price价格；D. hope希望。根据下文“Integrity is doing the right thing, even when no one else is watching.”并呼应上文“base on which we can build”可知，此处描述的事有道德的生活基础，故选B。
31．C 32．A 33．B 34．A 35．C 36．D 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．C 41．B 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过引用希腊的一个传说故事：在伊索和孩子玩游戏时，一位男子嘲笑伊索的愚蠢，随后伊索把松开弦的弓放在地上，让男人说这样做的意义是什么。男子困惑的不能回答。随后伊索解释说这样做是为了方便之后的使用。进而提及到生活就犹如一张弓，要松紧适当，合理的放松，这样才可以发挥出自己的最佳。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他笑着取笑伊索，问他为什么要在这种愚蠢的游戏中浪费时间。A. wise聪明的；B. bright明亮的；C. foolish愚蠢的；D. false假的；错误的。根据前文“Aesop playing childish games with some little boys”可知，这个男人认为Aesop和小孩玩游戏是愚蠢的。故选C。
32．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：伊索的回应是拿起一把弓，松开弓弦，把它放在地上。A. picking up拿起；B. throwing away扔掉；C. making up组成；D. putting down放下。根据下文“loosening its string, and placing it on the ground”可知，此处指伊索把弓拿起来。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，回答这个谜，如果你能的话。告诉我们解开的弓是什么意思。A. make制作；B. answer回答；C. follow跟随；D. ask询问。answer the riddle“解谜”；结合下文“Tell us what the unstrung bow means”所以此处指解答这个谜，故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那人看了几分钟，但不知道伊索想说什么。A. point要点；B. legend传说；C. idea观点；D. plan计划。短语：make point 表明，根据下文“Aesop was trying to make”，可知此处指这个人不知道伊索想要说什么。故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊索解释说：“如果你总是弯弓，它最终会折断；但如果你让它松开，当你想要用它时，它将更适合使用。”A. answered回答；B. replied回答；C. explained解释；D. called呼叫。结合前文内容可知，那个人不知道伊索松开弓弦并放下弓的意义是什么，所以此处指伊索对此作解释。故选C。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. possible可能的；B. careful仔细的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. fit适合的。短语：be fit for 适合，结合下文“for use when you want it”，可知，此处指当你要用这个弓时，它就很适合使用。故选D。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的思想和身体就像弓。A. string细绳，弦；B. bow弓；鞠躬；C. riddle谜；谜语；D. activity活动。结合前文伊索让男人回答松开的弓的问题，可知此处是拿我们的身体类比为弓。故选B。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当经常在日常生活的压力下，我们终于可能崩溃。A. routine常规；B. control控制；C. pressure压力；D. pain疼痛。结合下文“We need to loosen up; we need time to take the pressure off and relax.”可知，此处指我们处于压力之下。under the pressure of “在……压力之下”，故选C。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他曾经说过，伟大的投球秘诀不在于速度或投出曲线球的能力。A. secret秘密；B. solution解决方法；C. ability能力；D. method方法。结合下文“great pitching is not speed or the ability to throw curves (曲线球). It’s the “change of pace””可知，伟大的投球不在于速度或投出曲线球的能力，而是“改变节奏”，因而此处指这是伟大投球的秘诀。故选A。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是一般的击球手也会很快学会如何击中一个不断投出同样球的投手。A. great极好的；B. successful成功的；C. average普遍的；D. smart聪明的。结合下文“batter (击球手) will soon learn how to hit a pitcher who continually throws the same kind of pitch”可知，此处指普通击球手会很快学会如何击中一个不断投出同样球的投手。故选C。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是很难击中一个改变投球速度的投手。A. easy容易的；B. hard难的；C. likely可能的；D. usual通常的。上句是说普通的击球手会逐渐掌握投球手的投球习惯，但要击中改变节奏的球是很难的。故选B。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种节奏使得投手比其他投手有优势。A. kind种类；B. game游戏；C. change改变；D. speed速度。根据前文“soon learn how to hit a pitcher who continually throws the same kind of pitch”可知，此处指这种投球的节奏的改变使得投手比其他投手有优势，故选C。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活节奏的改变也给了我们生活中的优势。A. advantage优势；B. road道路；C. bottom底部；D. centre中心。结合前文“gives a pitcher an advantage over the other pitchers”可知，此处指这种优势在生活中也能体现出来。故选A。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：花点时间看看云彩，享受一下微风，散散步，阅读一下，减速是必要的，如果我们以后要做到最好。A. convenient方便的；B. necessary必需的，必要的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. reasonable合理的。根据下文“ if we are to be our best later”可知，要想获得将来的成功，放松身心是必要的。故选B。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种减压的方法。A. trick诡计；窍门；B. result结果；C. beginning开始；D. way方式。结合上文“Taking time to watch the clouds, enjoy a breeze, take a walk, read ”可知，此处指前文提到的几种形式是去除压力的方式。a way of doing sth. 做某事的方式。故选D。
46．B 47．A 48．C 49．C 50．D 51．A 52．B 53．D 54．A 55．D 56．B 57．C 58．A 59．B 60．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了意大利航空史上最致命的飞机地面碰撞事故。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2001年10月，米兰最中心的商业机场利纳特机场发生地面坠毁事故，造成100多人丧生。A. offered提供；B. saw看见，见证；C. affected影响；D. predicted预测。根据句意和前文“the Linate Airport disaster”可知，此处应用动词see表示“见证（事件）”。故选B项。
47．考查（复合）介词词义辨析。句意：2001年10月，米兰最中心的商业机场利纳特机场发生地面坠毁事故，造成100多人丧生。A. due to由于；B. despite尽管；C. apart from除了；D. with regard to关于。后文“a ground crash”是前文“more than 100 people lose their lives”的原因。故选A项。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场悲剧涉及一架斯堪的纳维亚航空公司的麦道MD-87飞机和一架私人塞斯纳Citation CJ2飞机。A. occasion场合；B. situation形势；C. tragedy悲剧；D. adventure冒险。根据前文“more than 100 people lose their lives”可知，这是一场悲剧。故选C项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当天，MD-87将从米兰利纳特直飞丹麦哥本哈根。A. unfold展开；B. command命令；C. operate操作，经营，使运行；D. distribute分配。根据后文“a direct flight from Milan Linate to Copenhagen in Denmark”可知，飞机飞行的是米兰利纳特到哥本哈根的航线。故选C项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该航班载有104名乘客和6名机组人员。A. company公司；B. profession职业；C. trade贸易；D. service服务，（对顾客的）接待。根据前文“a direct flight”可知，此处指这趟航班服务。故选D项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样在那天早上从米兰利纳特出发的还有塞斯纳CJ2。A. depart离开，出发；B. transform改变；C. orbit围绕……运动；D. enter进入。根据语境和后文“Headed for Paris, there were just four people onboard”可知，还有飞机CJ2要出发。故选A项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样的天气会将能见度降低到最低水平，可能会给机场带来严重的运营问题。A. increase增加；B. reduce减少，降低；C. enhance增强；D. recover恢复。根据前文“foggy conditions”可知，这种天气降低能见度。故选B项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样的天气会将能见度降低到最低水平，可能会给机场带来严重的运营问题。A. current当前的；B. magical神奇的；C. odd古怪的；D. severe严峻的，十分严重的。根据前文“Such weather can 　　7　　 visibility to minimal levels”可知，因为能见度低，所以会给机场带来严重的问题。故选D项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个非常现实的危险，因为在低能见度下，误判可能是致命的。A. danger危险；B. loss损失；C. prejudice偏见；D. response反应。根据后文“as misunderstandings can be deadly in low visibility”可知，这是非常危险的。故选A项。
55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，机场负责人Vincenzo Fusco表示，目前的条件仍然适合飞行。A. Therefore因此；B. Thankfully谢天谢地；C. Literally字面上；D. However然而。根据后文“stated that conditions were still 　　11　　 for flying”的含义分析可知，此处与前文存在转折关系。故选D项。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，机场负责人Vincenzo Fusco表示，目前的条件仍然适合飞行。A. necessary必要的；B. suitable合适的；C. convenient方便的；D. ready准备好的。根据后文“The Cessna’s pilots, 　　12　　in the fog, took a wrong turn on the runway”可知，负责人认为条件适合飞行，才造成后来的事故。故选B项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这架塞斯纳飞机的飞行员在大雾中迷失了方向，在跑道上拐错了弯，如果机场有地面雷达系统，就会发现这一点。A. engaged忙于，从事；B. connected连接，联系；C. lost丢失；D. experienced经历。根据后文“took a wrong turn on the runway”可知，飞行员迷失了方向。故选C项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这架塞斯纳飞机的飞行员在大雾中迷失了方向，在跑道上拐错了弯，如果机场有地面雷达系统，就会发现这一点。A. noticed注意到；B. emphasized强调；C. ignored忽视；D. generated产生。根据后文“if there had been a ground radar(雷达)system at the airport”可知，如果有雷达系统，就会注意到这一点。故选A项。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在放行后不到一分钟，这架正在起飞的MD-87飞机在穿过跑道时与塞斯纳飞机相撞。A. replaced代替；B. crashed碰撞；C. contrasted对照；D. quarreled争吵。根据语境和前文“　　2　　 a ground crash”可知，发生了碰撞。故选B项。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：坠机和随之而来的大火摧毁了两架飞机，所有卷入这场悲剧的乘客和飞行员都遇难了。A. dressed穿衣；B. absorbed吸收；C. buried埋葬；D. involved卷入，参与。根据后文“in the tragedy”可知，指卷入这场悲剧的人员。故选D项。
61．B 62．D 63．A 64．B 65．A 66．C 67．C 68．B 69．A 70．D 71．C 72．C 73．B 74．A 75．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者和朋友救了一只受伤的针鼹并将它送回大自然的故事。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友Jacqui站在那里，手里拿着一条血迹斑斑的毛巾，上面缠着什么东西。A. shown表明；显示；B. wrapped包裹；包装；C. placed放置；D. thrown扔掉。根据后文“I took this little creature, carefully ____5____ him and, to my relief, saw that all four legs were ____6____”可知朋友用毛巾将受伤的针鼹包住了。故选B项。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我看到它被一辆车撞到，滚到路边。”A. walk步行；行走；B. rush冲；奔；C. jump跳跃；D. roll滚动；翻滚。根据空后“to the side of the road,”可推知针鼹被撞后应该就势滚到了路边。故选D项。
63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常鸟类是我的专长。A. usual寻常的；通常的；B. inconvenient不方便的；C. irregular不定期的；不整齐的；D. straight直的。根据空后“I know a lot about the local native varieties that live around the caravan park I manage. The Parks and Wildlife officers and tourists often drop off injured birds to me to nurse back to ____4____ , but I’d never handled an echidna.”可知我通常给鸟儿们进行治疗和救治。故选A项。
64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：公园和野生动物管理人员和游客经常把受伤的鸟交给我，让我照顾它们恢复健康，但我从来没有接触过针鼹。A. energy能量；精力；B. health健康；C. figure数字；体型；D. weight体重。根据空前“Birds are my ____3____ specialty. I know a lot about the local native varieties that live around the caravan park I manage. The Parks and Wildlife officers and tourists often drop off injured birds to me to nurse back to”可知我对鸟类了解很多，并且擅长给受伤的鸟类进行救治从而让它们恢复健康。故选B项。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抱起这只小动物，小心翼翼地打开包裹，看到四条腿都没有受伤，我松了一口气。A. unwrapped打开；B. conserved保存；保护；C. cured治愈；D. unlocked开锁；揭开。根据前文“My friend Jacqui was standing there holding a blood stained towel ____1____ around something.”以及后文“him and, to my relief, saw that all four legs were ____6____ . There was blood streaming from his nose.”可知此处指作者检查针鼹的伤势，所以是打开包裹。故选A项。
66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我抱起这只小动物，小心翼翼地打开包裹，看到四条腿都没有受伤，我松了一口气。A. unearthed出土的；B. broken损坏的；破碎的；C. unhurt未受伤的；D. connected相连的；连接的。根据空前“I took this little creature, carefully ____5____ him and, to my relief, saw that all four legs were”以及空后“There was blood streaming from his nose.”可知针鼹的腿并没有受伤，受伤的是它的鼻子。故选C项。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个小时后，我从当地的兽医那里回到家，手里拿着一个小氧气罐和与关在笼子里的针鼹的鼻子连在一起的氧气罩。A. decorated装修；B. supplied供应；C. armed武装；配备；D. educated教育。根据空后“with a small oxygen tank and mask attached to the echidna’s nose, who was nestled inside a cage.”可知我从当地兽医那里带回了一氧气罐，短语be armed with 意为“装备有；用……武装”。故选C项。
68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它似乎很惊慌，往后退着，但它的情况好多了。A. unconscious无意识的；B. alarmed担忧的；惊恐的；C. concerned关心的；担心的；D. excited兴奋的。根据空后的“backing off,”可知针鼹对于我的在场是惊恐的。故选B项。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得浴缸是关它最好的地方。A. figured计算；估计；认为；B. mistook误解；C. protected保护；D. ignored忽视。根据后文“the bath was the best place to keep him. I placed lots of leaf litter on the ____10____ of the bath for him to dig and bury himself in.”可知我将针鼹放在了浴缸里，所以此处指我认为浴缸是关它的最好地方。故选A项。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在浴缸底部放了很多落叶，让它挖洞把自己埋进去。A. front前面；B. top顶部；C. surface表面；D. bottom底部。根据空后“of the bath for him to dig and bury himself in.”以及“When I checked on him the next day, all the leaf litter was ____11____ at one end of the bath and a large hole had been dug along the side of the aviary.”可知作者将大量的树叶放在了浴缸底部以方便针鼹挖洞把自己埋进去。故选D项。
71．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二天我去看它时，所有的落叶都堆在浴缸的一端，鸟舍的一侧挖了一个大洞。A. washed away冲走；B. spread over传遍；C. piled up堆积；D. eaten up吃光。根据前文“I placed lots of leaf litter on the ____10____ of the bath for him to dig and bury himself in.”以及空后“at one end of the bath and a large hole had been dug along the side of the aviary.”可知针鼹为了在鸟舍一侧挖洞将铺在浴缸底部的树叶都移到了浴缸的一端，所以可以推知树叶都堆积在了浴缸的一端。故选C项。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最终发现它试图从我们的前门下逃跑。A. fight打架；斗争；B. competition竞赛；C. escape逃跑；D. struggle斗争；奋斗。根据前文“When I checked on him the next day, all the leaf litter was ____11____ at one end of the bath and a large hole had been dug along the side of the aviary.”以及后文“He was ____13____ ready to go home,”可知针鼹在浴缸一端挖了一个大洞，所以应该是想要逃离鸟舍这个地方，准备回家。故选C项。
73．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它显然已经准备好回家了，所以Jacqui和我开车去了她发现它的地方，把笼子放在地上，看着它快乐地离开。A. luckily幸运地；B. obviously明显地；C. seemingly似乎；好像；D. deliberately故意地。根据前文“There was no echidna. I eventually found him attempting an(a) ____12____ under our front gate.”以及空后 “ready to go home,”可知针鼹在浴缸一端挖了一个大洞，所以很明显应该是想要逃离鸟舍这个地方，准备回家。故选B项。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它显然已经准备好回家了，所以Jacqui和我开车去了她发现它的地方，把笼子放在地上，看着它快乐地离开。A. ground地面；B. road马路；C. car汽车；D. tree树。根据前文““I saw him being hit by a car and ____2____ to the side of the road,””以及空前“He was ____13____ ready to go home, so Jacqui and I drove to the spot where she’d found him”可知我和朋友将针鼹送回了发现它的地方，并将笼子放在了地上以方便它离开。故选A项。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些聪明的生物知道什么时候到达和离开。A. celebrate庆祝；B. honor尊敬；C. decide决定；D. arrive到达。根据前文“These clever creatures know when it’s time to”以及空后“and leave.”可知空处的内容应与leave相对，所以此处指这些聪明的生物对于什么时候到达和离开是很清楚的。故选D项。
76．C 77．D 78．B 79．A 80．C 81．B 82．A 83．C 84．A 85．D 86．D 87．B 88．A 89．D 90．C
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了父亲和儿子看到路边无家可归的人时，父亲身上没有现金，儿子想要将身上仅有的30分美元给他，然而父亲却觉得钱少了，但儿子却坚持这么做。最后，父亲明白了，帮助不在于多少，而在于爱和真诚的传递。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Smith打算给他一些钱，但是他没有现金。A. managed设法；B. promised承诺；C. intended打算；D. agreed同意。根据后文“His son suggested giving the man the 30 cents he had.”可知，此处指Smith打算给无家可归的那个人一些钱，故选C。
77．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是Smith犹豫了。A. confused困惑的；B. doubtful困惑的；C. tense紧张的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据后文“He didn’t want to give this man just 30 cents since the man 　　3　　 needed all the help he could get.”可知，此处指Smith犹豫了，因为那个人看起来不仅仅只需要这30分美元，故选D。
78．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他不想只给他30分美元，因为很明显，这个男的需要的是他能提供的所有。A. normally正常地；B. clearly明显地，清楚地；C. secretly秘密地；D. formally正式地。根据前文“when they saw a homeless man in the road.”可知，此处指很明显，这个物价可归的人需要的是更多的帮助，故选B。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，他的自尊以及不知道这个男的收到30分美元的反应都阻碍了他只给他30分美元。A. reaction反应；B. devotion贡献；C. objection拒绝；D. solution解决方法。根据空后“to receiving just thirty cents”可知，此处指无家可归的人收到30分美元的反应，故选A。
80．考查短语词义辨析。句意：同上。A. out of sight看不见；B. out of control不受控制；C. in the way妨碍，阻碍；D. in the charge由……负责。根据前文“He didn’t want to give this man just 30 cents”可知，他本就不想只给他30分美元，故此处指，而且他的自尊也阻碍了他给他30分美元，故选C。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Smith告诉儿子，人们认为的好事是不足以改变一个人的生活的。A. fortune财富，运气；B. difference不同，差异；C. name名字；D. commitment承诺，献身。根据空前“what people saw as a good thing was not good enough to make a”可知，此处指人们认为的好事不足以改变一个人的生活，故此处make a difference in one’s life改变人的生活，故选B。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Smith摇下窗户，对那个人说：“伙计，不好意思，我身上没有现金，但是我儿子想要给你他现在所有的钱。” A. rolled down摇下；B. reached for伸手去够；C. looked through通过……看；D. lifted up抬起。根据后文“as other people rolled down their windows to 　　11　　, too.”的提示可知，此处指摇下车窗，故选A。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. check支票；B. card卡，卡片；C. cash现金；D. food食物。根据前文“Smith 　　1　　 to give the man some money, but didn’t have any cash.”可知，此处指Smith身上没有现金，故选C。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此时，唯一能匹配这个男的灿烂的笑容就是小男孩脸上更灿烂的笑容。A. matching匹配，配得上；B. replacing替代；C. reflecting反映，思考；D. showing展示，显示。根据空后“the brightness of the man’s smile”可知，此处指唯一配得上他灿烂的笑容就是小男孩更灿烂的笑容，故选A。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在田纳西州，纳什维尔，那一天，他们身后开始了一连串的善举，当其他人摇下车窗，也和他们一样为无家可归的人捐赠钱的时候。A. changed改变；B. stopped停止；C. remained仍然存在；D. started开始。根据后文“as other people rolled down their windows to 　　11　　, too.”可知，此处指很多人像他们一样，故指开始了一连串的善举，故选D。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. greet打招呼；B. smile微笑；C. chat聊天；D. donate捐赠。根据前文“but my son wants to give you everything he has right now.”可知，Smith的儿子将身上所有的钱都给了那个无家可归的人，故此处指其他人像他们一样，摇下车窗，给路边无家可归的人捐赠一些钱，故选D。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Smith突然意识到，在这种情况下，他是唯一的问题。A. remembered记住；B. realized意识到；C. accepted接受；D. regretted遗憾，后悔。根据后文“that he was the only problem in this situation.”可知，此处指Smith意识到，这是他自己的问题，故选B。
88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的儿子通过他的行为提醒了我，这一些跟心灵有关。A. reminded提醒；B. comforted安慰；C. praised表扬；D. warned警告。根据空后“me by his actions that it’s always about the heart.”可知，此处指儿子通过他的行为提醒Smith，这一些都与心灵有关，故选A。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你有多还是少，这都没关系。A. help有帮助；B. work起作用，生效；C. mean意味着；D. matter有关系，要紧。根据空后“how much you have or how little.”可知，此处指你赠予的是多还是少，这都没关系，故选D。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：传递爱和真诚比我们想象中更能祝福别人。A. Returning归还；B. Accepting接受；C. Spreading传递，传播；D. Seeking寻找。根据前文“A chain reaction of kindness 　　10　　 behind them that day in Nashville, Tennessee, as other people rolled down their windows to 　　11　　, too.”可知，此处指传递爱和真诚，故选C。
91．B 92．A 93．C 94．C 95．D 96．B 97．B 98．A 99．D 100．A 101．C 102．D 103．A 104．B 105．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者女儿参加了三周舞蹈班学习后，决定放弃原本不想参加的舞蹈课程。作者通过女儿的经历，想要告诉我们——我们应该跟随我们的真实感受，这样我们就知道我们真正想做的是什么，我们会学会如何让自己更快乐。
91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我女儿最近获得了一个舞蹈班的资助名额。A. painting绘画；B. dance舞蹈；C. calligraphy书法；D. chess国际象棋。根据下文“But, three weeks later, she admitted that she had never wanted to do the class and she decided to ____2____ dancing.”可知，此处指获得了一个舞蹈班的资助名额。故选B。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，三个星期后，她承认自己从未想过要上这门课，她决定放弃跳舞。A. quit放弃；B. continue继续；C. prevent预防；D. explore探索。根据上文“she admitted that she had never wanted to do the class”可知，女儿决定放弃跳舞。故选A。
93．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，她原本认为这会让我快乐，因为我十几岁时就上过舞蹈课。A. stressful有压力的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. happy快乐的；D. angry生气的。根据上文“But, three weeks later, she admitted that she had never wanted to do the class and she decided to 　　2　　 dancing.”可知，尽管女儿从未想过上舞蹈课，但是还是学习了三周。由此可知，女儿这样做是为了让作者快乐。故选C。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，她担心拒绝资助名额会惹恼表演艺术学校。A. hoped希望；B. imagined想象；C. worried担心；D. admired钦佩。根据下文“it would displease the performing arts school to turn down a funded place.”及常识可知，女儿担心拒绝资助名额会惹恼表演艺术学校。故选C。
95．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快意识到，做一个“好女孩”的想法在我女儿这一代人身上一直存在，尽管我从未认为她是一个讨人喜欢的人。A. symbol符号；B. message信息；C. confidence信心；D. idea想法。根据下文“of being a “good girl” has existed well in my daughter’s generation”可知，此处指做一个“好女孩”的想法。故选D。
96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：讨好别人的人是那些想要通过帮助别人实现目标来让每个人都开心的人。A. advising建议；B. helping帮助；C. challenging挑战；D. forcing强制。根据下文“them to achieve their goals”及常识可知，此处指帮助别人实现目标。故选B。
97．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些讨好者可能不想让自己不高兴或失望。A. impressed印象深刻的；B. disappointed失望的；C. satisfied满意的；D. confused困惑的。此处与displeased并列，disappointed符合语境。故选B。
98．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以有时他们从一开始就选择不参加活动。A. join in加入；B. work out锻炼；C. hand in上交；D. make out制作。根据上文“Some pleasers may not want themselves to be displeased or 　　7　　 with.”及下文“activities from the very beginning.”可知，一些讨好者可能不想让自己不高兴或失望，所以有时他们从一开始就选择不参加活动。故选A。
99．考查副词词义辨析。句意：解决我女儿问题的关键是跟随我们的真实感受，这样我们就知道我们实际上想做的是什么。A. creatively创造性地；B. immediately立即；C. originally最初；D. actually实际上。根据上文“to follow our real feelings”及常识可知，此处指跟随我们的真实感受，这样我们就知道我们实际上想做的是什么。故选D。
100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：告诉她，对一些事情说“不”是可以的，有时不讨人喜欢也是可以的。A. no不；B. yes是；C. sorry对不起；D. thanks谢谢。根据上文讲“女儿停止上舞蹈课”和上文“The key to solving my daughter’s problem is to follow our real feelings, so that we get to know what we 　　9　　 want to do.”可知，跟随我们的真实感受，对一些事情说“不”是可以的。故选A。
101．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：告诉她，对一些事情说“不”是可以的，有时不讨人喜欢也是可以的。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. amazing惊人的；C. displeasing令人不愉快的；D. forgiving宽容的。根据上文“Tell her that it’s okay to say “　　10　　” to things”及常识可知，拒绝某些事情，可能会令人不愉快。故选C。
102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另外，其他人的反应也不在我们的控制范围内，所以我们必须接受这一点。A. plan计划；B. dream梦想；C. favor青睐；D. control控制。根据上文“other people’s reactions”及常识可知，他人的反应不在我们的控制范围内。故选D。
103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些不仅是我女儿需要听到的，也是我们成年人需要提醒自己的。A. remind提醒；B. break断裂；C. cure治愈；D. cheat欺骗。根据上文“Those are not only something that my daughter needs to hear, but also something”可知，这些也是我们成年人需要提醒自己的。固定搭配remind sb. of sth.“提醒某人某事”。故选A。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它将开始改变，从放弃取悦他人的需求，到学会如何让自己更快乐。A. disappear消失；B. change改变；C. recover恢复；D. result导致。根据下文“from giving up our needs to please others to learning how to 　　15　　 ourselves more.”可知，事情将开始改变。故选B。
105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它将开始改变，从放弃取悦他人的需求，到学会如何让自己更快乐。A. express表达；B. defend辩护；C. delight使高兴；D. approach接近。根据上文“from giving up our needs to please others to learning”及下文“ourselves more”可知，此处指放弃取悦他人，转而学会如何让自己更快乐。故选C。
106．B 107．C 108．A 109．B 110．D 111．A 112．C 113．D 114．B 115．A 116．C 117．B 118．D 1192022--2023高二语法填空专练10篇
1
When Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), captured Huizhou, a hermit (隐士) 1 (name) Zhu Sheng suggested that he should build high wall, store abundant food supplies and take time to be an emperor; so that he could fortify the city and unify the other states. After the 2 (establish) of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu followed his advice and began to enlarge the wall built initially during the old Tang Dynasty (618-907), 3 (create) the modern Xi’an city wall. It’s the most complete city wall 4 has survived in China, as well as being one of the 5 (large) military defensive systems in the world.
Initially, the wall was built with 6 (layer) of dirt, with the base layer including lime and glutinous rice (糯米) extract. Throughout the time, Xi’an city wall 7 (restore) three times. In 1568, Zhang Zhi (the government officer of that time) was in charge 8 (rebuild) the wall bricks. In 1781, another officer, Bi Yuan, refitted the city wall and the gate towers. More recently (since 1983) the Shaanxi Provincial Government restored the city wall again. A circular park has been built 9 the high wall and the deep moat (护城河). 10 thriving trees and flowers decorate the classical Chinese architecture of the wall, adding additional beauty to the city of Xi’an.
2
One day a farmer went out for a walk 11 his little son. The farmer wore a pair of wrong shoes. One had thick shoe (厚鞋底) 12 the other didn’t. He 13 （begin) to walk and then his 14 (foot) hurt. When he was just out of the house, he turned to his son and said, “Why is one of my legs 15 long) than the other today ”
The son looked at his father’s legs 16 (careful) as he was walking and then laughed, “Oh, no, Daddy. Your legs are all right. You are wearing the wrong shoes.” The farmer was very happy to hear that and said to himself, “ 17 a clever son!” Then he asked 18 (he) son to go back and got the other pair of shoes for him. The farmer had only two pairs of shoes.
When the son ran back to the house, he 19 (find) that the other pair was also a wrong pair. He had to return to his father with nothing in his hands and said, “It’s no use 20 (change) them, Daddy! The shoes at home are not a pair, either!”
3
There were craftspeople on both sides of Joan Miró’s family: his mother’s father was a cabinetmaker 21 his own father was a goldsmith. The family lived in the city of Barcelona, 22 , in the early twentieth century, was growing fast with trade. Miró wanted to be an artist from an early age, but his parents had other 23 (plan) for his future.
As a teenager, Miró 24 (attend) classes at the Escuela de Bellas Artes, the official academy of fine arts in Barcelona. Accurate (精确的) drawing won high praise at the Escuela, and abstraction (抽象) 25 (regard) as a lower style. The unique nature of Pablo Picasso’s great talent had shocked the school twelve years earlier. Within the 26 (tradition) atmosphere of the academy, Miró’s expressive use of colour was hardly recognised.
Miró’s drawings must have seemed rough and simple 27 (compare) to his father’s excellent skill. This may have led his parents 28 (find) him a job as an accountant’s clerk when he was seventeen. The work did not suit young Miró at all, and he fell 29 (dangerous) ill a year later. He was sent to recover at his family’s farm in the wild Catalan countryside. There he fell in love 30 the spacious landscape and vivid colours, and felt at home. This experience played an important role in forming his style.
4
Driving cars has made people 31 (anger) and stressed out and caused the real costs socially. Take Britain, for example. In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads 32 (go) up by 25%. Over 33 last decade, an average of 2,500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents. Traffic is one of the major 34 (cause) of global warming and climate change. Almost 30,000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution. Some types of cancer are 35 (relate) to traffic pollution.
A friend working for a green-living organization gave some advice about how 36 (give) up driving. Firstly, use your legs. Regular exercise can cut the risk of heart disease 37 50%! Secondly, use public transport. Thirdly, think before 38 (go). Before you get into your car, think about 39 you really need to make that journey. Fourthly, share cars. It is much cheaper and 40 (kind) to the environment. Lastly, take action! Don’t just sit around and complain!
5
Sitting on a scaffolding (脚手) platform, Liu Zhicheng gives the final touches to a painting of flowers and cranes (鹤). With brushes and paints he makes the two cranes look vivid - flapping (拍打) their 41 (wing) and ready to catch a fish.
In addition 42 flowers, cranes and pine trees - visual elements local villagers are familiar with - Liu, 43 27-year-old painter, is experienced in using different elements from 44 (tradition) culture. He paints Ne Zha from the namesake Chinese animated film, pandas and fairies in ancient costumes.
“I am 45 (deep) interested in rural China and hope to do my part in 46 (bring) some modern street decorations to villages,” Liu says.
Last year, he began a two-year project of painting 100 walls in Yongsheng county 47 he was born. So far, he 48 (complete) more than 30 walls.
His artworks also attract curious children who crane their necks to see him paint. “If our work can sow seeds of deep 49 (appreciate) in children’s hearts and open up new opportunities for 50 (them)future careers, it would be wonderful,” he adds.
6
On September 26, 2022, NASA 51 (successful) completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing 52 unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid (小行星) Dimorphos. The goal was to change its orbit. With the success, NASA proved the concept 53 this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid 54 crashing into Earth in the future.
NASA noted that Dimorphos is not a 55 (threatening) to Earth, but because it passes relatively close to Earth, it 56 (choose) as the target for the test mission.
“If you were going to do this for planetary defence, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique 57 (work).” said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.”
Asteroids can be a significant danger to planet Earth. For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth, 58 (cause) one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history. Therefore, DART’s success 59 (be) an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer 60 (power) to prevent this type of natural disaster.
7
The Beijing Central Axis(中轴线) has taken one more step ahead to become 61 UNESCO(联合国教科文组织) World Heritage Site, 62 will be part of China’s 2024 application project.
The Beijing Central Axis, seen as one of the most important 63 (represent) of Chinese civilization, refers to the core area of the ancient capital city that 64 (stretch) 7.8 kilometres from the Yongding Gate in the south 65 the Bell Tower and Drum Tower in the north. This area tells stories of emperors from the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) 66 records the lives of both popular figures and common people.
67 (vary) methods to advance the application have been used, including digital technologies. For instance, visitors can travel through time and space 68 (free), moving between the past and the present, and learn about 14 cultural heritage sites along the Central Axis by using a newly-launched mobile application.
When talking about the decision, Li Zhou, vice president of the Chinese Commission for the International Council on Monuments and Sites, told Global Times that members 69 (join) in the application work felt pressed for time, as there were still many preparations waiting 70 (complete).
8
The Shenzhou-16 spaceship atop the Long March-2F rocket blasted off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China at 9:31 a.m.
The spaceship will conduct a fast automated rendezvous (交会) once in orbit and dock at the radial port of the Tianhe core module, 71 (form) a combination of three modules and three spaceships.
The Shenzhou-16 mission 72 (crew) by three Chinese astronauts. Jing Haipeng, 73 became the first taikonaut to go into space for a 74 (four) time with this mission, serves as the commander and spacecraft pilot. 75 (previous), the veteran has participated in the Shenzhou-7, Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-11 manned missions, and served as commander in the last two missions.
Zhu Yangzhu, a former university teacher 76 a doctoral degree, fulfills the role of the space flight engineer. Zhu will be 77 first flight engineer to enter China’s space station.
Gui Haichao, a professor at Beihang University, astonished numerous social media 78 (user) when China revealed the crew on Monday as the nation’s pioneering spectacled taikonaut. Gui serves as the payload expert. Upon his 79 (arrive), the space station will welcome its first payload specialist.
80 (early) this month China also launched the Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft to Tiangong to deliver supplies for the six-month-long Shenzhou 16 mission.
9
In 2008, Du Meng graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts with a major in Visual Communication Art. Before 81 (specialize) in glass art at the Rochester Institute of Technology’s Master of Fine Arts program in the United States, a memorable trip sparked her interest in the craft.
“At the end of 2008, our supervisor 82 (take) me and my classmates on a trip to the U. S. In 83 art museum on the trip, I first saw artists using glass as a material 84 (create) their work. I was curious about how glass could be used in such a way,” said Du Meng.
“I 85 (particular) like to see the changing state of 86 (shadow) cast by light passing through glass at different times and seasons,” Du explained. “The interesting thing about glass 87 (be) that you not only need to consider the glass itself, 88 the light it reflects.”
There’s a group of works 89 Du Meng is currently experimenting with. The name is “Drift Through the Forest, Silence in the Valley,” and in the work she has recycled a lot of glass soda bottles. She said it’s completely different 90 what she imagined. It’s not clear, and there are many textures similar to cracked ice. She believed the naturally formed state is very beautiful.
10
Chinese traditional clothing made its debut (首次登场) at the Venice Carnival in the cultural exchange 91 the eastern Chinese city Suzhou and its sister city Venice.
Volunteers, 92 (wear) Hanfu, an ancient clothing, participated in a parade which 93 (launch) at the Piazza San Marco in the city center.
“This is the first time that Chinese traditional costumes have 94 (official) participated in the carnival,” said Ma Xiaohui, from the Confucius Institute at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice.
The costumes, directly 95 (transport) from the Suzhou Silk Museum, best represent Jiangnan culture and world-known Suzhou silk, Ma said.
96 show attracted lots of young people from both China and Italy. Irene Di Maio from southern Italy’s Sicily said, “I thought it could be a way 97 (bring) Chinese culture even closer to me.” The 24-year-old, majoring in Chinese in Venice, went to Suzhou to attend a dragon boat festival five years ago. “I really enjoyed the Chinese 98 (tradition) dragon boat culture, and this time I would like to know more about Hanfu.” “I had visited the Suzhou Silk Museum 99 I got to know Hanfu for the first time,” he added, “I wish there would be more 100 (activity) like this around the world.”
参考答案：
1．named 2．establishment 3．creating 4．that 5．largest 6．layers 7．has been restored 8．to rebuild 9．along/around 10．The
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代西安城墙的由来，以及后世对他的保存和修复。现在这座古城墙为西安增添了更多的美丽。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：明朝第一任皇帝朱元璋（1368-1644）攻下惠州时，一位名叫朱胜的隐士建议他修建高墙，储存充足的食物，并花时间当皇帝。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作定语，和修饰的名字之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填named。
2．考查名词。句意：明朝建立后，朱元璋听从他的建议，开始扩建最初建于旧唐朝（618-907）的城墙，创建现代西安城墙。根据空前的the可知，空处需要名词。establish为动词，其名词形式为establishment“创建”。故填establishment。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：明朝建立后，朱元璋听从他的建议，开始扩建最初建于旧唐朝（618-907）的城墙，创建现代西安城墙。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作状语，和主语之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填creating。
4．考查定语从句。句意：它是中国现存最完整的城墙，也是世界上最大的军事防御系统之一。分许句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词city wall。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词前有最高级修饰，所以只能用that引导。故填that。
5．考查形容词最高级。句意：它是中国现存最完整的城墙，也是世界上最大的军事防御系统之一。本题考查“one of +the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”的结构。故填largest。
6．考查可数名词复数。句意：最初，这堵墙是用一层层泥土建造的，底层包括石灰和糯米提取物。layers of...“一层层...”。故填layers。
7．考查时态语态。句意：自始至终，西安城墙已修复三次。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“Throughout the time”可知，本句话为现在完成时态。主语和该动词之间为动宾关系，所以该句话为现在完成时态的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填has been restored。
8．考查固定短语。句意：1568年，张芝（当时的政府官员）负责重建墙砖。be in charge to do sth.“负责做某事”。故填to rebuild。
9．考查介词。句意：沿着高墙和深深的护城河建造了一个环形公园。分析句子结构可知，空处需要介词构成介词短语在句中作状语。根据句意可知，沿着高墙和护城河建造了一个环形公园。along“沿着...”，或者around“围绕”符合语境。故填along/around。
10．考查冠词。句意：繁茂的树木和鲜花装饰着中国古典建筑的墙壁，为西安城市增添了额外的美丽。 分析句子结构可知，空处需要冠词。根据句意可知，句中特指这些繁茂的花草树木，所以用定冠词the。故填The。
11．with 12．but 13．began 14．feet 15．longer 16．carefully 17．What 18．his 19．found 20．changing
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一个农民带着他的小儿子出去散步。农夫穿错了一双鞋，然后他让儿子回去，给他拿另一双鞋。结果儿子发现另一双也是错的，只好又空手回到父亲身边并告诉他父亲另外一双鞋也是错的。
11．考查介词。句意：一天，一个农民带着他的小儿子出去散步。根据句意和空格后的名词可知，空格处应填入一个介词且意义为“和……一起”，所以应用介词with。故填with。
12．考查连词。句意：农夫穿错了一双鞋。一只鞋子很厚，但另一只不是。分析句子可知，空格处应填入连词。根据句意，此处与上文是转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
13．考查动词的时态。句意：他开始走路，然后脚疼了。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文One day a farmer went out for a walk可知，此处描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时态。故填began。
14．考查名词的数。句意：同上。根据下文可知，农夫的两只鞋子都不合脚，所以此处“foot”应用名词复数形式。故填feet。
15．考查形容词的比较级。句意：当他刚走出家门时，他转向儿子说：“为什么今天我的一条腿比另一条腿长？”根据下文than the other 可知，空格处应填入形容词的比较级。故填longer。
16．考查副词。句意：儿子一边走一边仔细地看了看父亲的腿，然后笑道：“哦，不，爸爸。你的腿很好。你穿错鞋了。”分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语修饰动词looked。故填carefully。
17．考查感叹句。句意：农夫听到这个消息很高兴，心想：“多聪明的儿子！”分析句子可知，此处是感叹句。根据空后名词短语 a clever son可知，此处应用what引导感叹句。置于句首首字母应大写。故填What。
18．考查代词。句意：然后他让儿子回去，给他拿另一双鞋。根据空后名词son可知，空格处应填入形容词性的物主代词。故填his。
19．考查动词的时态。句意：当儿子跑回房子时，他发现另一双也是错的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中时间状语When the son ran back to the house可知，此处应用一般过去时态。故填found。
20．考查动名词。句意：他只好一无所有地回到父亲身边，说：“爸爸，换鞋没用！家里的鞋也不是一双！”It’s no use doing sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事没有用”。it在句中作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语。故填changing。
21．and 22．which 23．plans 24．attended 25．was regarded 26．traditional 27．compared 28．to find 29．dangerously 30．with
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名艺术家Joan Miró的成长经历。
21．考查连词。句意：琼的父母双方都是手艺人：他的外祖父是一个橱柜匠，他的父亲是一个金匠。设空处使用连词将his mother’s father was a cabinetmaker和his own father was a goldsmith连接起来，此处表示并列关系。故填and。
22．考查定语从句。句意：这家人住在巴塞罗那市，在20世纪初，这座城市因贸易而迅速发展。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Barcelona，为物，故使用which。故填which。
23．考查名词复数。句意：琼从小就想成为一名艺术家，但他的父母对他的未来有其他的计划。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，plan意为“计划”，此处表示复数意义。故填plans。
24．考查动词时态。句意：十几岁的时候，琼参加了巴塞罗那官方美术学院的课程。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填attended。
25．考查动词。句意：精确的绘画在埃斯奎拉赢得了很高的赞誉，而抽象则被认为是一种低级的风格。句中be regarded as为固定短语，意为“被视为”。句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was regarded。
26．考查形容词。句意：在学院的传统氛围中，Miró对色彩的表现力几乎没有得到认可。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，traditional意为“传统的”。故填traditional。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：Miró的画和他父亲高超的技艺相比，一定显得粗糙简单。句中must have seemed为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。drawings与compare之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作定语。故填compared。
28．考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能使他的父母在他17岁时给他找了一份会计职员的工作。句中have led为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。此处lead sb to do sth为固定短语，意为“导致某人去做某事”。故填to find。
29．考查副词。句意：这项工作根本不适合年轻的Miró，一年后他得了重病。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰形容词ill。故填dangerously。
30．考查介词。句意：在那里，他爱上了广阔的风景和鲜艳的色彩，感到宾至如归。句中fall in love with为固定短语，意为“爱上”。故填with。
31．angry 32．has gone 33．the 34．causes 35．related 36．to give 37．by 38．going 39．whether 40．kinder
【导语】本文是一说明文。文章主要讲述的是交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因，并建议人们放弃驾驶汽车。
31．考查形容词。句意：驾驶汽车让人们感到愤怒和压力，并造成了真正的社会成本。分析句子成分以及空后的形容词“stressed”可知，空处为形容词担当宾语补足语。故填angry。
32．考查时态。 句意：在过去的20年里，道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in the last 20 years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“the number of+名词复数”，谓语单数形式，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has gone。
33．考查冠词。句意：在过去的十年里，平均每年有2500人死于交通事故。修饰last decade用定冠词the表特指，意为“过去的十年”。故填the。
34．考查名词的数。句意：交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一。固定搭配：one of +名词复数，表示“……之一”。故填causes。
35．考查固定搭配。句意：某些类型的癌症与交通污染有关。固定搭配：be related to，意为“和……有关”。故填related。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：一位在绿色生活组织工作的朋友就如何放弃开车给出了一些建议。这里为“特殊疑问词+不定式”担当介词“about”后的宾语。故填to give。
37．考查介词。句意：有规律的运动可以将患心脏病的风险降低50%！表示“降低了……”，用介词by。故填by。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：第三，三思而后行。介词before之后用动名词形式作宾语。故填going。
39．考查宾语从句。句意：在你上车之前，想想你是否真的需要去旅行。这里为宾语从句的连接词，宾语从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”这一含义，且出现在介词之后，用whether。故填whether。
40．考查形容词比较级。句意：它更便宜，对环境更友好。根据空前的形容词比较级“cheaper”可知，空处也为形容词比较级kinder。故填kinder。
41．wings 42．to 43．a 44．traditional 45．deeply 46．bringing 47．where 48．has completed 49．appreciation 50．their
【导语】本文是新闻报道。讲述了刘志诚在农村的墙上画画，为农村增添色彩。
41．考查名词。句意：他用画笔和颜料把两只鹤画得活灵活现——它们扇动着翅膀，准备抓鱼。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词，wing意为“翅膀”为可数名词，根据their可知，用复数形式。故填wings。
42．考查介词。句意：除了当地村民熟悉的花、鹤和松树这些视觉元素外，27岁的画家刘在使用不同的传统文化元素方面也很有经验。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：in addition to意为“除了”。故填to。
43．考查冠词。句意：除了当地村民熟悉的花、鹤和松树这些视觉元素外，27岁的画家刘在使用不同的传统文化元素方面也很有经验。分析句子结构可知，painter是可数名词，本句用的单数，应用不定冠词修饰，27-year-old为辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。
44．考查形容词。句意：除了当地村民熟悉的花、鹤和松树这些视觉元素外，27岁的画家刘在使用不同的传统文化元素方面也很有经验。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，tradition的形容词形式是traditional。故填traditional。
45．考查副词。句意：“我对中国农村非常感兴趣，希望尽自己的一份力量，把一些现代的街道装饰带到乡村，”刘说。分析句子结构可知，空后是形容词，所以空处应用副词修饰形容词，deep的副词形式是deeply。故填deeply。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：“我对中国农村非常感兴趣，希望尽自己的一份力量，把一些现代的街道装饰带到乡村，”刘说。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，后应接名词，所以此处应填动名词作介词宾语。故填bringing。
47．考查定语从句。句意：去年，他开始了一个为期两年的项目，在他出生的永胜县画100面墙。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是Yongsheng county，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
48．考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，他已经完成了30多面墙。分析句子结构可知，complete作本句谓语，根据时间状语so far可知，用现在完成时，主语是he，为第三人称单数。故填has completed。
49．考查名词。句意：他补充说:“如果我们的工作能在孩子们的心中播下深深的感激的种子，并为他们未来的职业生涯开辟新的机会，那就太好了。”分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，appreciate的名词形式是appreciation。故填appreciation。
50．考查代词。句意：他补充说:“如果我们的工作能在孩子们的心中播下深深的感激的种子，并为他们未来的职业生涯开辟新的机会，那就太好了。”分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
51．successfully 52．an 53．that 54．from 55．threat 56．was chosen 57．to work 58．causing 59．is 60．powerless
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国宇航局故意将无人飞船撞向小行星Dimorphos的原因和意义。
51．考查副词。句意：2022年9月26日，美国宇航局成功地完成了双小行星重定向测试任务，故意将一颗无人航天器撞向小行星Dimorphos。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词，修饰动词completed，故填successfully。
52．考查冠词。句意：2022年9月26日，美国宇航局成功地完成了双小行星重定向测试任务，故意将一颗无人航天器撞向小行星Dimorphos。此处泛指一个无人航天器，且 unmanned是元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
53．考查同位语从句。句意：随着这次成功，美国宇航局证明了这个想法，这项技术可以在未来阻止一颗潜在危险的小行星撞击地球。分析句子结构可知，“this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid 4 crashing into Earth in the future”是同位语从句，修饰名词concept，表示concept的内容，该从句不缺少成分和含义，故填引导词that。
54．考查介词。句意：随着这次成功，宇航局证明了这个想法，这项技术可以在未来阻止一颗潜在危险的小行星撞击地球。keep...from...(阻止……，不让……发生)，固定搭配，故填from。
55．考查可数名词单数。句意：美国国家航空航天局指出，Dimorphos对地球没有威胁，但因为它经过的地方相对接近地球，所以选择它作为测试任务的目标。根据不定冠词a和介词to可知，空处填名词；结合句意和提示词可知，此处意为“威胁”。a threat to (对……的威胁)为固定短语，故填threat。
56．考查时态语态。句意：美国国家航空航天局指出，Dimorphos对地球没有威胁，但因为它经过的地方相对接近地球，所以选择它作为测试任务的目标。分析句子结构可知，“it 　　　　(choose) as the target for the test mission”为主句，故本空为句子谓语。根据句意可知，“选择”这个动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时；it指代Dimorphos，it与choose为动宾关系，故用被动语态，故填was chosen。
57．考查动词不定式。句意：美国国家航空航天局项目主管安德里亚·莱利说：“如果你要为行星防御做这件事，你会提前5年、10年、15年或20年做这项技术。”分析句子结构可知，此处是不定式的复合结构for sb.to do sth.，故填to work。
58．考查现在分词。句意：例如，大约6600万年前，一颗直径约6至9英里的小行星撞击地球，造成了地球历史上最大的灭绝事件之一。”分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为struck,故本空为非谓语。此处是现在分词作伴随状语，故填causing。
59．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：因此，DART的成功是保护地球免受小行星潜在破坏的重要一步。句子陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。主语DART's success是抽象名词，故系动词用is。故答案为is。
60．考查形容词。句意：这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害。此处表示“无能为力的”，形容词作表语，故填powerless。
61．a 62．which 63．representatives 64．stretches 65．to 66．and 67．Various 68．freely 69．joining 70．to be completed
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了北京中轴线成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产，这将是中国2024年申请项目的一部分。
61．考查冠词。句意：北京中轴线又向前迈进了一步，成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产，这将是中国2024年申请项目的一部分。空后 UNESCO World Heritage Site为名词，前面应该使用冠词，此处表示泛指，同时UNESCO开头为辅音音素。故填a。
62．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词site，为物。故填which。
63．考查名词。句意：北京中轴线，被视为中国文明最重要的代表之一，指的是这个古都的核心区域，从南的永定门到北的钟鼓楼，绵延7.8公里。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据句中的“one of the...”可知，此处表示复数意义，representative意为“代表”。故填representatives。
64．考查动词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作that引导的定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，句子的主语为that，其指代的是先行词the city，为单数。故填stretches。
65．考查固定短语。句意：同上。表示“从……到……”用from…to…。故填to。
66．考查连词。句意：这个区域讲述了从元朝(1279-1368)到清朝(1644-1911)皇帝的故事，记录了名人和普通人的生活。分析句子，设空处使用连词构成并列机构，将tells和records并列。故填and。
67．考查形容词。句意：已经使用了各种方法来推进应用程序，包括数字技术。句中使用vary的形容词various作定语，修饰名词methods，意为“各种各样的”。同时该空置于句首，首字母大写。故填Various。
68．考查副词。句意：例如，游客可以自由地穿越时空，在过去和现在之间穿梭，并通过新推出的移动应用程序了解中轴线沿线的14个文化遗产。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词travel，freely意为“自由地”。故填freely。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意：在谈到这一决定时，国际古迹遗址理事会中国委员会副主席李洲告诉《环球时报》，加入申请工作的成员感到时间紧迫，因为还有很多准备工作等待完成。分析句子，members与join为主动关系，同时work为句子的谓语动词，故设空处使用现在分词作后置定语。故填joining。
70．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。句中preparations与complete之间是被动关系，同时根据句意，此处表示将来，故设空处使用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be completed。
71．forming 72．is crewed 73．who 74．fourth 75．Previously 76．with 77．the 78．users 79．arrival 80．Earlier
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了神舟16号发射升空的情况以及三名中国宇航员。
71．考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦进入轨道，飞船将进行快速自动交会，并停靠在天河核心模块的径向端口，形成三个模块和三艘飞船的组合。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词，且为自然而然的结果。故用doing形式作结果状语。故填forming。
72．考查谓语动词。句意：神舟16号任务由三名中国宇航员组成。分析句子成分可知，空处应为谓语动词。且为客观描述，故应为一般现在时。照应主语“The Shenzhou-16 mission”，应为被动语态，为单数。故填is crewed。
73．考查连词。句意：景海鹏是第一个第四次进入太空的宇航员，他担任指挥官和飞船飞行员。分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的连接代词，指代先行词“Jing Haipeng”，为人，且在从句中充当主语。故填who。
74．考查序数词。句意：景海鹏是第一个第四次进入太空的宇航员，他担任指挥官和飞船飞行员。根据句意可知，应为序数词“第四”。故填fourth。
75．考查副词。句意：此前，这位老兵曾参加过神舟七号、神舟九号和神舟十一号载人飞行任务，并在最近两次任务中担任指挥官。应为副词作状语修饰整个句子。故填Previously。
76．考查介词。句意：拥有博士学位的前大学教师朱洋柱扮演了太空飞行工程师的角色。分析句子成分可知，空处应为词义为“有”的介词。故填with。
77．考查冠词。句意：朱将成为首位进入中国空间站的飞行工程师。空后为序数词“first”，故空处应为定冠词the。故填the。
78．考查名词。句意：北京航空航天大学教授桂海超周一公布了中国首批戴眼镜宇航员的消息，震惊了众多社交媒体用户。根据空前形容词“numerous”可知，空处应为名词复数。故填users。
79．考查名词。句意：在他抵达后，空间站将迎来第一位有效载荷专家。根据空前形容词性物主代词“his”可知，空处应为名词。故填arrival。
80．考查副词。句意：本月早些时候，中国还向天宫发射了天舟6号货运飞船，为为期6个月的神舟16号任务运送物资。根据句意可知，在神舟16号任务之前，中国还向天宫发射了天舟6号货运飞船。所以是“更早时候”，故应为比较级。故填Earlier。
81．specializing 82．took 83．an 84．to create 85．particularly 86．shadows 87．is 88．but 89．that /which 90．from
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是中国学生杜梦的玻璃艺术之旅。
81．考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国罗切斯特理工学院美术硕士专业学习玻璃艺术之前，一次难忘的旅行激发了她对工艺的兴趣。设空处置于介词before之后，故使用动名词作宾语。故填specializing。
82．考查动词。句意：2008年底，导师带我和同学去美国旅游。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填took。
83．考查冠词。句意：在旅途中的一个艺术博物馆，我第一次看到艺术家们用玻璃作为材料来创作他们的作品。句中art museum为名词，设空处使用冠词，同时art首字母为元音音素，此处表示泛指。故填an。
84．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。句中use sth to do sth为固定短语，此处使用不定式结构作宾补结构。故填to create。
85．考查副词。句意：我特别喜欢看光线在不同的时间和季节穿过玻璃所投下的阴影的变化状态。句中使用副词作状语。故填particularly。
86．考查名词。句意：同上。设空处使用名词作宾语，shadow为名词，意为“阴影”，此处表示复数意义。故填shadows。
87．考查动词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句子的主语为the interesting thing为单数。故用is。
88．考查连词。句意：同上。句中not noly…but also…意为“不但……而且……”为固定短语。故填but。
89．考查定语从句。句意：杜梦目前正在尝试一组作品。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词works。故填which或者that。
90．考查介词。句意：她说这和她想象的完全不同。句中be different from为固定短语，意为“不同于”。故填from。
91．between 92．wearing 93．was launched 94．officially 95．transported 96．The 97．to bring 98．traditional 99．where 100．activities
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了在中国东部城市苏州与其姊妹城市威尼斯的文化交流活动中，中国传统服装在威尼斯狂欢节上首次亮相。
91．考查介词。句意：在中国东部城市苏州与其姊妹城市威尼斯的文化交流活动中，中国传统服装在威尼斯狂欢节上首次亮相。表示“在……和……之间”用between...and...。故填between。
92．考查非谓语动词。句意：志愿者们穿着汉服参加了在市中心的圣马可广场举行的游行。主句中已有谓语动词participated，因此空处为非谓语动词，和主语“volunteers”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填wearing。
93．考查时态和语态。句意：志愿者们穿着汉服参加了在市中心的圣马可广场举行的游行。这里为定语从句谓语动词，根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般过去时；主语为which，即“a parade”，是单数，和动词“launch”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was launched。
94．考查副词。句意：威尼斯Ca’Foscari大学孔子学院的马晓辉表示：“这是中国传统服装第一次正式参加狂欢节。”修饰动词短语“participate in”用副词形式。故填officially。
95．考查非谓语动词。句意：马说：“这些服装直接从苏州丝绸博物馆运来，最好地代表了江南文化和世界闻名的苏州丝绸。” 句中已有谓语动词represent，因此空处为非谓语，transport和主语“the costumes”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填transported。
96．考查冠词。句意：这场演出吸引了许多来自中国和意大利的年轻人。修饰可数名词单数，表示特指，代指上文提到的“Chinese traditional clothing made its debut(首次登场)”，用定冠词the。故填the。
97．考查非谓语动词。句意：来自意大利南部西西里岛的Irene Di Maio说：“我认为这可能是让中国文化更贴近我的一种方式。” 这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，修饰名词“way”，用动词不定式形式。故填to bring。
98．考查形容词。句意：我真的很喜欢中国传统的龙舟文化，这次我想更多地了解汉服。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰空后的名词。故填traditional。
99．考查定语从句。句意：“我参观了苏州丝绸博物馆，在那里我第一次认识了汉服，”他补充说，“我希望世界各地能有更多这样的活动。” 这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the Suzhou Silk Museum”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
100．考查名词。句意：“我参观了苏州丝绸博物馆，在那里我第一次认识了汉服，”他补充说，“我希望世界各地能有更多这样的活动。”activity是可数名词，根据空前的more可知，空处为名词复数形式。故填activities。
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试卷第1页，共3页中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022--2023高二英语词的辨析100题
1．I am sending Mr. Smith, one of our inspectors, to ______ how well the system works, so that we can make necessary changes to it.
A．handle B．assess
C．update D．improve
2．Nothing can be more fascinating than a smile, which can produce hope in even ______ situations.
A．immoral B．confident
C．desperate D．secure
3．Considering that he has merely finished Senior 1, the aim of getting a high score in the College Entrance Examination next year seems too ______ for him.
A．ambitious B．violent
C．urgent D．simple
4．To be a competent form teacher, he read many books on psychology and management so that he could help solve the ______ issues that students couldn’t deal with alone.
A．academic B．complicated
C．unrealistic D．mechanical
5．It is widely ______ that parents are the best teachers for their children.
A．appreciated B．attracted
C．assumed D．acknowledged
6．With a great ______ for science fiction, Henry has read all the works of Isaac Asimov since he was young.
A．passion B．assumption
C．imagination D．expression
7．The application of the new software has ______ begun, which means there’s still a lot of work to do before it can be put to realistic use.
A．surprisingly B．officially
C．barely D．perfectly
8．Hardly had they got seated when John asked the waitress what she would ______ for their dinner.
A．recall B．recommend
C．represent D．restore
9．He left his homeland to study abroad in ______ of knowledge and wisdom.
A．defense B．pursuit
C．memory D．charge
10．With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no ______ criteria for what is beautiful.
A．precise B．legal
C．faulty D．profound
11．You must be_______ that what you are doing is quite illegal.
A．aware B．confident C．awful D．magnificent
12．We didn’t ________ that there would be snow because it was sunny when we set off.
A．participate B．anticipate C．cooperate D．strengthen
13．I’m writing to express my gratitude for your ________ in solving the problem together with the colleagues.
A．rejection B．cooperation C．dilemma D．affection
14．According to the regulation, the visitors are required to be ________ the health code.
A．in the face of B．in the charge of C．in possession of D．in the possession of
15．It was after passing away that his works received widespread ________ and immense popularity.
A．recognition B．participation C．complexity D．despair
16．It is important for parents to ________ what your child will do and prevent any problem.
A．assess B．advocate C．approve D．anticipate
17．Criticizing children frequently is bound to ________ their confidence in pursuing dreams.
A．boost B．weaken C．strengthen D．enhance
18．We have no reasons to be ________ about the future now that we are young enough to attempt what we like.
A．optimistic B．cautious C．pessimistic D．positive
19．You probably have no ________ but to do what the teacher tells you to do when it comes to learning English.
A．ambition B．participation C．alternative D．affection
20．You should follow the advice from a ________ doctor you want to get well.
A．qualified B．frightened C．excited D．complicated
21．He was working on the night ________ when I called him last night.
A．work B．shift C．duty D．job
22．To win trust from other people, one has to treat them ________.
A．ultimately B．commercially C．alternatively D．sincerely
23．He wasn’t _________ with what he had gained and wanted to get more.
A．proud B．content C．eager D．anxious
24．It was an A+, which was beyond my modest________.
A．experts B．exceptions C．expectations D．expected
25．The patients in Fangcang hospital said that the square dance help them _____ the life there quickly.
A．adjust to B．adjust with C．adjust for D．adjust
26．I _______cooperating with him.
A．scream B．purchase C．emerge D．anticipate
27．After working hard for a whole day, he was ________.
A．worn out B．broken out C．run out D．stressed out
28．John was ________ from the prison after serving a sentence of 3 years.
A．restricted B．released C．sustained D．seized
29．Students are ________ warned not to swim in the river by their parents and teachers.
A．quickly B．luckily C．finally D．repeatedly
30．Changing a bad habit is difficult, and we need to make up our minds and show ________.
A．discipline B．habit C．routine D．ability
31．I find it hard to ________ my feelings in word.
A．convey B．write C．bring D．read
32．Medical staff have made great ______ to fighting the COVID-19.
A．connections B．contributions C．confirmations D．conversations
33．The new Olympic Stadium was so full that spectators were ________ into the street.
A．overacting B．overflowing C．overestimating D．overloading
34．The action the government took might play an important role in building a(n)________society.
A．harmonious B．invaluable C．worthwhile D．picturesque
35．NYU has become a(n)________among American universities for its aggressive expansion abroad, having opened degree-granting campuses in Shanghai, China, and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
A．black sheep B．white elephant C．trendsetter D．emperor
36．After years of investigation, it is confirmed that this is an accident caused by a(n)_______ signal.
A．incidental B．faulty C．deliberate D．subtle
37．In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first literary ________: a career writer and publisher, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership.
A．symbol B．celebrity C．metaphor D．blossom
38．This novel written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1840 has all the________ of a good mystery story.
A．ingredients B．senses C．criteria D．evidences
39．Jason is reading a magazine article celebrating the anniversary of man’s first_______ landing. “One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind,” he thought to himself.
A．sophisticated B．scheduled C．lunar D．contemporary
40．In the face of COVID-19, airlines have no choice but to ________fares heavily in order to spur demand.
A．charge B．bargain C．discount D．sponsor
41．Experts suggest that elderly people should drink a little wine each day, because it can________ their appetite and help digestion, which is good for their health.
A．accelerate B．modify C．stimulate D．optimize
42．She opened the tie box and looked at her________. It was silk, with maroon stripes.
A．signature B．sketch C．masterpiece D．purchase
43．Based on the analysis of the current situation, it is concluded that the problem of urban garbage (城市生活垃圾) could not be solved unless the garbage industry is_______.
A．commercialized B．initiated C．exploited D．innovated
44．During the night, somebody had cut the boat ________from its moorings(泊船的缆绳).
A．board B．loose C．stem D．stern
45．China has given top ______to the protection of ecological environment, contributing Chinese wisdom to resolving global pollution.
A．priority B．authority C．classification D．emergency
46．The professor reminded the student to provide a(n)______of the review of the literature before March.
A．proof B．certificate C．reminder D．abstract
47．Maples and oaks are members of the Acer (械属) and Quercus (栋属) genera, ________.
A．coincidently B．respectively C．specifically D．academically
48．By observing nature, scientists are applying the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been_______.
A．launched B．established C．exposed D．prospered
49．The detective told everyone on the spot that this was the________ knife with which the murder was committed.
A．accurate B．apparent C．controversial D．identical
50．It is because of the hunting of the human beings that many animals are ________ with extinction.
A．visual B．endangered C．accessible D．appreciative
51．Zhong Nanshan is a ________ on respiratory (呼吸的) diseases.
A．specialist B．competitor C．civilian D．communist
52．The government is encouraging the ________ of locally-produced goods to support small businesses.
A．intention B．minority C．consumption D．devotion
53．As the classrooms are too small, we ________ the number of students per class to 10.
A．compete B．assist C．reply D．restrict
54．Please send us the material at once; it’s ________ needed.
A．urgently B．apparently C．nobly D．dramatically
55．“Proximity marketing” refers to a marketing tactic where shops detect where you are on the high street (购物街) and send tailored adverts to your phone. It could be a(n)________offer to use in the shop the person is visiting, or a piece of content such as a movie trailer(预告片).
A．discount B．sample C．job D．advice
56．Nowadays, many customers like to window shop, browsing for things to buy, only to________ them online at a discount.
A．purchase B．highlight C．perceive D．comment
57．With the rise of e-commerce, news about________ shops losing money and shutting down is now common.
A．commercial B．physical C．profitable D．constructional
58．At the sight of the snake, she screamed at the top of her voice and ________ran away.
A．instantly B．gradually C．steadily D．randomly
59．Never should we underestimate the power of a simple ________ in time of crisis.
A．bond B．gesture C．soul D．vision
60．As a matter of fact, it is his ________to the work rather than his talent that contributes to his splendid achievement.
A．donation B．commitment C．response D．tendency
61．There was the sound of him ___________ over and a series of noises.
A．rolls B．rolled C．rolling D．unrolling
62．As Tonga, which is a Pacific island country, experienced undersea volcano eruptions, it is highly ___________ that the local air quality has been awfully affected.
A．likelihood B．likeness C．unlikely D．likely
63．It is ___________that more exposure to direct sunlight could help your body produce vitamin D．
A．claim B．claimed C．claiming D．acclaimed
64．Reading English texts aloud frequently is of great ___________to English learners, who come to realize the importance of spoken English.
A．beneficial B．beneficiary C．benefiting D．benefit
65．When it comes to curtain fabrics, buyers should take into account their___________.
A．feature B．property C．characteristic D．texture
66．A Western meal is composed of three parts, namely an___________, a main course and a dessert.
A．appetite B．appetizing C．appetize D．appetizer
67．Even though Jane worked hard to become a productive writer, she, ___________, published merely a handful of books.
A．fortune B．fortunately C．unfortunately D．misfortune
68．Senior High Grade 3 students are ___________ that they will have a prosperous future up ahead after they complete their college entrance exam.
A．conviction B．convincing C．convict D．convinced
69．Girls manage to ___________ different flavours more easily.
A．note B．signify C．differ D．differentiate
70．Girls have more ___________taste buds than boys.
A．sensible B．sense C．sensational D．sensitive
71．While walking through the Amazon rainforest, people should be careful with___________ plants.
A．potent B．powerful C．painful D．poisonous
72．There was a sound of bushes being ___________— a click of breaking branches.
A．interrupted B．intervened C．bothered D．disturbed
73．The hiking trail is 3,500 km long and ___________ along the east coast of the USA．
A．extends B．expands C．stretches D．prolongs
74．Any investment ________ an element of risk.
A．transforms B．defends C．rewards D．involves
75．As we were approaching the island, row after row of orange trees ________to the horizon.
A．skipped B．drafted C．stretched D．blessed
76．The intelligent young professor is able to explain complicated ideas in________ words.
A．informative B．plain C．precise D．rewarding
77．The employer disclaimed all the ________for the fire accident.
A．intention B．structure C．frustration D．responsibility
78．The family of the murder________ has appealed to the Supreme Court to have a definitive answer.
A．ancestor B．fellow C．victim D．sponsor
79．This is a physician’s manual, which offers a clear and ________model for the clinical application of a vitalist healing philosophy.
A．enthusiastic B．precise C．plain D．widespread
80．The grandparents are ________ with good health and three lovely grandchildren.
A．convinced B．threatened C．blessed D．appointed
81．She was sometimes ________ with violence if she didn’t do what they want.
A．banned B．waved C．conserved D．threatened
82．You can find the little creatures hiding beneath stones or________ in damp mossy places.
A．sheltering B．shrinking C．sponsoring D．stretching
83．It is unwise of you to seek a job in this city, for the unemployment here is twice the national________.
A．income B．security C．expense D．average
84．According to a recent survey, the average teenager’s calorie________ has increased by 25% to 2,700 a day over the past three decades.
A．assumption B．consumption C．adoption D．reduction
85．Experts predict that the young generation may________ their parents and enjoy a
better quality of life thanks to the breakthroughs in medical fields.
A．outlive B．outnumber C．outsmart D．outdate
86．Teamwork leads to the pooling of talents. ________, it helps to increase efficiency and productivity as members share the workload.
A．Similarly B．Surprisingly C．Unexpectedly D．Fortunately
87．________, the number of American teenagers suffering from obesity has been rising significantly in the past two years.
A．Luckily B．Worryingly C．Similarly D．Interestingly
88．In the 1940s, the urban population grew________ and American families began to move into the suburbs.
A．frequently B．regularly C．rapidly D．necessarily
89．Good health and loving relationships are two major ________to happiness.
A．contributions B．factors C．solutions D．contributors
90．The possession of material ________can only provide you with short—lived enjoyment.
A．subjects B．objects C．objectives D．circumstances
91．China has entered a new era of peace and ________ thanks to the wise leadership.
A．flexibility B．reliability C．prosperity D．possibility
92．Lack of sleep will________ your ability to concentrate in class.
A．improve B．reduce C．enhance D．affect
93．No matter what happens in life, be positive and________.
A．optimistic B．miserable C．pessimistic D．prosperous
94．The firm was forced to ________the project due to a lack of funds.
A．adopt B．adjust C．abandon D．accept
95．By providing the bees with a home, the villagers collect their honey in return.
A．humble B．vital C．secure D．constant
96．We simply want to inform people about what is happening.
A．apparently B．critically C．crucially D．objectively
97．You’d better give up smoking, for cigarette smoking the risk of cancer.
A．multiplies B．narrows C．reduces D．misses
98．Throughout history, there appeared many celebrities in Shandong who had great upon Chinese culture.
A．impression B．leadership C．influence D．intelligence
99．Highly motivated students find learning pleasant and , and therefore maintain a strong desire to explore more.
A．realistic B．rewarding C．solid D．substantial
100．We should start worrying about who will be the next ________ of the financial crisis. It could be anyone.
A．winner B．regulator C．peacekeeper D．victim
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我派我们的检查员史密斯先生去评估这个系统的运行情况，以便我们对它进行必要的修改。A. handle处理；B. assess评估；C. update更新；D. improve提高。根据“so that we can make necessary changes to it.”可知，需要评估这个系统的运行情况。故选B。
2．C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有什么比微笑更迷人的了，即使在绝望的情况下，微笑也能带来希望。A. immoral不道德的；B. confident自信的；C. desperate绝望的；D. secure安全的。根据“ hope”和“even”可知，空处和“希望”意思相反，desperate绝望的，符合题意。故选C。
3．A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到他刚刚读完高一，在明年的高考中取得高分的目标对他来说似乎过于雄心勃勃了。A. ambitious有雄心的；B. violent暴力的；C. urgent紧急的，催促的；D. simple简单的。根据“the aim of getting a high score in the College Entrance Examination next year ”可知，高一学生想要在高考中取得高分是雄心勃勃的目标。故选A。
4．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了成为一名称职的班主任，他阅读了许多心理学和管理学方面的书籍，这样他就可以帮助解决学生无法独自解决的复杂问题。A. academic学术的，学业的，教学的；B. complicated复杂的；C. unrealistic不切实际的；D. mechanical机械（学）的。根据“that students couldn’t deal with alone”可知，这些问题学生无法独自解决，因此complicated“复杂的”符合题意，表示这些问题很复杂。故选B。
5．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为父母是孩子最好的老师。A. appreciated欣赏，感激；B. attacted吸引；C. assumed假设；D. acknowledged承认。根据“ parents are the best teachers for their children”可知，父母是孩子最好的老师是人们都承认的事实，it is acknowledged that...为固定句型，意为“应该承认”。故选D。
6．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：亨利从小就酷爱科幻小说，读过艾萨克·阿西莫夫的所有作品。A. passion激情，酷爱；B. assumption假设；C. imagination想象力；D. expression表达，表情。根据“Henry has read all the works of Isaac Asimov since he was young.”可知，Henry酷爱阅读科幻小说。故选A。
7．C
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：新软件的应用才刚刚开始，这意味着在它投入实际使用之前还有很多工作要做。A. surprisingly令人惊讶地；B. officially官方地，正式地；C. barely刚刚，仅仅；D. perfectly完美地。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰谓语动词has begun，结合句意可知，此处表示“刚刚”符合句意，所以应为barely。故选C项。
8．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们刚落座，约翰就问女服务员她能为他们推荐什么晚餐。A. recall回想起，使想到；B. recommend推荐；C. represent描绘；D. restore修复。根据“asked the waitress”和“for their dinner”可推知，约翰应该是询问女服务员，请给他们推荐晚餐，recommend“推荐”符合题意，recommend sth. for sth.是固定短语，意为“为……推荐……”。故选B。
9．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了追求知识和智慧，他离开祖国到国外留学。A. defense防御；B. pursuit追求；C. memory记忆；D. charge掌管，负责。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定短语in pursuit of…意为“为了追求……”符合句意。故选B项。
10．A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于历史、社会和文化的影响，何为美并没有精确的标准。A. precise精确的；B. legal合法的；C. faulty有错误的；D. profound深刻的，意义深远的。根据“With the influence of history, society and culture”可知，由于多种因素的影响，美没有精确的标准。故选A。
11．A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你必须意识到你所做的是违法的。A.aware察觉到的，意识到的；B.confident有信心的；C.awful可怕的；D.magnificent宏伟的，壮丽的。根据“that what you are doing is quite illegal”可知，此处是指你必须意识到你所做的是违法的。故选A。
12．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们没有预料到会下雪，因为我们出发时天气晴朗。A. participate参加；B. anticipate预料；C. cooperate合作；D. strengthen增强。此处表示“预计，预料”用anticipate。故选B。
13．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写信是为了感谢你和同事们一起合作解决这个问题。A. rejection拒绝接受（相信）；B. cooperation合作，协作； C. dilemma（进退两难的）窘境，困境； D. affection喜爱。根据“together with the colleagues”，这里表示和同事一起合作解决问题。cooperation with sb. in doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“和某人在做某事上合作”。故选B。
14．C
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：根据规定，访客必须持有健康码。A. in the face of面对；B. in the charge of由……负责；C. in possession of拥有；D. in the possession of由……拥有。根据句意，表示“拥有、持有”，用介词短语in possession of。故选C项。
15．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是在他去世后，他的作品才得到了广泛的认可和广泛的欢迎。A. recognition认可；B. participation参加；C. complexity复杂性；D. despair绝望。根据句意和句中“immense popularity”可推知，去世后他的作品得到“认可”和欢迎，用名词recognition。故选A项。
16．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对父母来说，预测你的孩子会做什么并防止任何问题是很重要的。A. assess评价；B. advocate拥护；C. approve同意；D. anticipate预见。根据“what your child will do and prevent any problem”可知，父母需要对孩子的行为作出预测，用动词anticipate，符合句意。故选D项。
17．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经常批评孩子势必会削弱他们追求梦想的信心。A. boost促进，推动；B. weaken减弱，削弱；C. strengthen加强，增强；D. enhance提高，增强。根据“Criticizing children frequently”可知，经常批评孩子会削弱孩子的自信心。故选B。
18．C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：既然我们还年轻，可以尝试自己喜欢的事情，我们就没有理由对未来感到悲观。A. optimistic乐观的；B. cautious小心的，谨慎的；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. positive积极的，肯定的。根据“now that we are young enough to attempt what we like”和空前的“no reasons to be”，这里是说我们拥有青春，可以尝试喜欢的东西，所以没有理由对未来感到悲观。故选C。
19．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：说到学习英语，除了照老师说的去做，你可能别无选择。A. ambition雄心；B. participation参加；C. alternative选择；D. affection喜爱。have no alternative but to do...是固定短语，意为“除了……别无选择”，符合句意。故选C项。
20．A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你想康复，你应该听从合格医生的建议。A. qualified合格的；B. frightened害怕的；C. excited激动的；D. complicated复杂的。根据句意和常识可知，要治好病，需要找“合格的；称职的”的医生，用形容词qualified。故选A项。
21．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：昨晚我给他打电话时，他正在值夜班。A. work工作，职业；B. shift 轮班；C. duty 责任，义务；D. job工作。on the night shift意为“值夜班”，为固定搭配。故选B。
22．D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：要赢得别人的信任，就必须真诚地对待他们。A. ultimately最终，最后； B. commercially商业地 C. alternatively要不，或者；D. sincerely真诚地。根据“win trust from other people”，这里是说要赢得他人的信任，自己也要真诚待人。故选D。
23．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不满足于自己所获得的，想要得到更多。A. proud骄傲的，自豪的；B. content满足的；C. eager渴望的；D. anxious焦虑的，渴望的。根据“wanted to get more”可知，他不满足于所获得的，be content with“对……感到满足”符合题意。故选B。
24．C
【详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个A+，超出了我不太大的预期。 A. expert n.行家；B. exception n.例外；C. expectation n.期待，希望；D. expected adj.预期要发生的，期待中的。此处作宾语，应用名词，由句意可知，此处指超出了我的预期。故选C。
25．A
【详解】考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：方仓医院的病人说，广场舞帮助他们很快适应了那里的生活。A. adjust to调节自身以适应；B. adjust with用……来调整；C. adjust for为……而调整；D. adjust调整。根据空后the life there quickly可知，此处指病人们调节自身以适应那里的生活。故选A。
26．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我期盼与他合作。A. scream尖叫；B. purchase购置；C. emerge浮现；D. anticipate期盼。固定搭配：anticipate doing sth.“期盼做某事”。故选D。
27．A
【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：工作了一整天后，他精疲力竭。A. worn out精疲力竭；B. broken out爆发，打破；C. run out用完，耗尽；D. stressed out有压力的，焦虑的。根据“After working hard for a whole day”可知，工作一天后应是感到精疲力竭。故选A。
28．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰在服刑3年后获释。A. restricted限制；B. released释放；C. sustained维持，保持；D. seized抓住。根据“after serving a sentence of 3 years”可知，此处是指约翰服刑满3年后被释放，动词release符合题意。故选B。
29．D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：家长和老师反复警告学生不要在河里游泳。A. quickly快速地；B. luckily幸运地；C. finally最后；D. repeatedly反复地。由下文“warned not to swim in the river by their parents and teachers.”可知，此处表示反复警告，故选D。
30．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：改变一个坏习惯是困难的，我们需要下定决心，展现出自律。A. discipline自制力；自律；B. habit习惯；C. routine常规；D. ability能力。由上文“Changing a bad habit is difficult, and we need to make up our minds and show”可知，改变坏习惯需要自律，故选A。
31．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情。A. convey传达，表达；B. write写下；C. bring带来；D. read阅读。根据句意可知，言语无法表达我的感情。故选A项。
32．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医护人员为抗击疫情作出了巨大贡献。A. connections连接；B. contributions贡献；C. confirmations确认；D. conversations对话。根据上文“Medical staff have made great”可知，此处指医护人员为抗击疫情作出了巨大贡献，短语为make great contributions to。故选B。
33．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：新的奥林匹克体育场座无虚席，观众涌上了街道。A. overacting过火地表演（角色）；B. overflowing挤满，充满；C. overestimating对……作过高的评价；D. overloading超过负荷。根据“so full”可推知，因为体育场座无虚席，所以观众挤满了街道，overflowing“挤满，充满”符合题意，overflow into the street表示“涌上街道，挤到街道上”。故选B。
34．A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：政府采取的行动可能在构建和谐社会中发挥重要作用。A. harmonious和谐的；B. invaluable非常宝贵的；C. worthwhile有价值的；D. picturesque美丽的。根据句意及常识可知，此处指建设和谐社会。故选A。
35．C
【详解】考查习惯用语、名词词义辨析。句意：纽约大学因其在海外的积极扩张而成为美国大学中的潮流引领者，在中国上海和阿拉伯联合酋长国阿布扎比开设了学位授予校区。A. black sheep害群之马；B. white elephant昂贵而无用之物；C. trendsetter潮流引领者；D. emperor皇帝。根据下文“for its aggressive expansion abroad, having opened degree-granting campuses in Shanghai, China, and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.(……因为其在海外的积极扩张，在中国上海和阿拉伯联合酋长国阿布扎比开设了学位授予校区)”可知，空白处应填表示“引导潮流”含义的名词，故选C项。
36．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的调查，确认这是一起由信号故障引起的事故。A. incidental偶然的；B. faulty有故障的，有缺陷的；C. deliberate故意的；D. subtle微妙的。根据句意可知，事故是由于信号故障引起的。故选B项。
37．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1870年狄更斯去世的时候，全世界将其作为第一位文学名人哀悼：一位职业作家和出版商，他使小说的出版量和读者数量激增。symbol象征；celebrity名人；metaphor隐喻；blossom花朵。根据冒号后的“a career writer and publisher”可知，这里指的是文学名人。故选B。
38．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这部小说是埃德加·爱伦·坡在1840年写的，具备了优秀推理小说的所有要素。A.ingredients要素；B.senses感觉；C.criteria标准；准则；D.evidences证据。根据下文“a good mystery story”可推断，此处说的是小说的要素，故选A。
39．C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰森正在阅读杂志上一篇庆祝人类首次登月周年的文章。“个人的一小步，人类的一大步，”他想。A. sophisticated复杂的；B. scheduled预先安排的；C. lunar月球的；D. contemporary现代的。根据“One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind”可知，该文章和人类登月相关。故选C项。
40．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：面对新冠肺炎疫情，航空公司别无选择，只能大幅打折机票，以刺激需求。A. charge收费；B. bargain讨价还价；C. discount打折；D. sponsor赞助。根据“in order to spur demand.”可知，航空公司用大幅打折机票的手段以刺激需求。故选C。
41．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家建议，老年人应该每天喝一点酒，因为它可以刺激食欲，帮助消化，这对他们的健康有好处。A. accelerate加快；B. modify修改，改进；C. stimulate刺激；D. optimize优化。由“their appetite and help digestion, which is good for their health”可知，句子表示“专家建议，老年人应该每天喝一点酒，因为它可以刺激食欲，帮助消化，这对他们的健康有好处”，空格处意为“刺激”，故选C。
42．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她打开领带盒，看了看自己买的东西。它是丝绸的，有栗色的条纹。A.signature 签名；B.sketch 素描；C.masterpiece杰作；D. purchase购买的东西。由前文the tie box和后文 silk可知，这里在描述“购买的东西”——领带的情况。故选D项。
43．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于对现状的分析，得出结论：除非垃圾产业商业化，否则城市垃圾问题无法解决。A. commercialized使商业化；B. initiated开创；C. exploited开采；D. innovated改革。根据句意可知，只有垃圾产业商业化，才能解决城市垃圾问题。故选A项。
44．B
【详解】考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：夜里，有人割断了泊船的缆绳，让船漂走了。A. board板，布告牌； B. loose不受约束的，自由的； C. stem茎；D. stern严厉的。根据空后的“from its moorings”可知，这里是说割断了泊船的缆绳，让船漂走了，应用loose。cut sth. loose from sth.为固定用法，意为“使摆脱”。故选B。
45．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国把生态环境保护放在首位，为解决全球污染问题贡献中国智慧。A. priority优先权；最重要的事；B. authority权威；C. classification分类；D. emergency紧急事件。根据句意可知，中国把生态环境保护放在首位，give top priority to表示“优先考虑”符合句意。故选A项。
46．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教授提醒学生在三月前提供一份文献综述的摘要。A. proof证明；B. certificate文凭证书；C. reminder提醒物；D. abstract摘要。根据句意可知，教授要学生提供一份文献综述的摘要。故选D项。
47．B
【详解】考查副词。句意：枫树和橡树分别属于槭属和栎属。A. coincidently巧合地；B. respectively分别地；C. specifically专门地；D. academically学术上地。根据“Maples and oaks”可知，应为respectively。故选B。
48．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过观察自然，科学家们将荷叶的特性应用到他们所设计的材料中。正因如此，一些非同凡响的新产品已然问世。A. launched上市；B. established建立；C. exposed暴露；D. prospered蓬勃发展。根据句意可知，由于科学家将荷叶的特性应用到他们所设计的材料中，所以才创造出了新产品，即新产品被正式上市。故选A项。
49．D
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：侦探当场告诉所有人，这就是行凶时使用的同一把刀。A.accurate精确的; B.apparent显然的; C.controversial有争议的； D. identical完全相同的。根据句意可知，这把刀应和行凶时的那把是“完全相同的”，所以identical符合语境。故选D项。
50．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是由于人类的狩猎，许多动物濒临灭绝。A.visual视觉的；B.endangered濒临灭绝的；C.accessible可到达的；D.appreciative欣赏的。根据“with extinction”可知，此处是指许多动物濒临灭绝。故选B。
51．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：钟南山是呼吸系统疾病专家。A. specialist专家；B. competitor竞争者，对手；C. civilian平民；D. communist共产主义者，共产党党员。根据“on respiratory (呼吸的) diseases”可知，此处是指钟南山是呼吸系统疾病专家。故选A。
52．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府正在鼓励消费当地生产的商品，以支持小企业。A. intention意图；B. minority少数；C. consumption消费；D. devotion忠诚。由下文“of locally-produced goods to support small businesses.”可知，此处表示消费当地生产的商品，故选C。
53．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于教室太小，我们将每班的学生人数限制在10人。A. compete比赛；B. assist帮助；C. reply回答；D. restrict限制。根据上文“As the classrooms are too small”可知，教师太小所以限制人数。故选D。
54．A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：请马上把材料寄给我们；我们迫切需要它。A. urgently迫切地，紧急地；B. apparently显然；C. nobly高贵地；D. dramatically戏剧地。根据上文“Please send us the material at once”可知，马上要求寄材料，说明迫切需要。故选A。
55．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“邻近营销”指的是一种营销策略，商店会探测到你在大街上的位置，并向你的手机发送量身定制的广告。它可以是在人们正在访问的商店中使用的折扣优惠，或者是电影预告片之类的内容。A. discount折扣；B. sample样品；C. job工作；D. advice建议。根据上文“where you are on the high street (购物街) and send tailored adverts to your phone.”可知，此处指邻近营销指给人们使用折扣优惠，故选A。
56．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，许多顾客喜欢在实体店看要买的东西，然后在网上买打折的。A. purchase购买；B. highlight突出，强调；C. perceive感知，理解；D. comment评论。根据“them online at a discount”可知，此处指“在网上买打折的”，故选A。
57．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着电子商务的兴起，关于实体店亏损和倒闭的新闻现在很常见。A. commercial 商业的，商务的；B. physical有形的；外形的；C. profitable盈利的，有利可图的；D. constructional构造的。此处考查名词短语physical shops，意为“实体店”，故选B项。
58．A
【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：一看到蛇，她就声嘶力竭地尖叫起来，立刻跑开了。A.instantlyl立即地；B. gradually逐渐地； C.steadily稳定地； D.randomly随机地。根据句意可知，看见蛇后，应“立即”跑开，所以instantly符合语境。故选A项。
59．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们永远不应低估危机时刻一个简单姿态的力量。A. bond联系；B. gesture姿态；C. soul灵魂；D. vision幻想，想象。由“in time of crisis”可知，句子表示“我们永远不应低估危机时刻一个简单姿态的力量”，空格处意为“姿态”，故选B。
60．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，是他对工作的投入而不是他的才能促成了他的辉煌成就。A. donation捐赠；B. commitment投入、奉献；C. response响应；D. tendency趋势。分析句意可知，此处用名词commitment表示“投入、奉献”符合语境。故选B项。
61．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有他翻身的声音，还有一连串的噪音。结合句意可知，此处描述的是翻身的声音，应用roll“翻转”，unroll意为“展开”，不合题意，可排除D项；分析句子可知，空处是修饰him的后置定语，是非谓语动词，roll和him逻辑上是主动关系，应用roll的现在分词形式rolling。故选C。
62．D
【详解】考查形容词。句意：汤加是一个太平洋岛国，由于经历了海底火山爆发，当地的空气质量很可能受到严重影响。A. likelihood可能，可能性；B. likeness相像，相似；C. unlikely不大可能的；D. likely可能的。分析句子可知，空处作is的表语，结合“experienced undersea volcano eruptions”可知，汤加经历了海底火山爆发，因此空气质量受到严重影响是很有可能的，likely“可能的”符合题意。it is likely that...“可能……”。故选D。
63．B
【详解】考查被动语态和动词词义辨析。句意：据称，更多的阳光直射可以帮助你的身体产生维生素D。claim意为“声称”，acclaim意为“称赞，表扬”，此处表示“据称”，排除D项。it is done+that...为固定句型，空处需填过去分词，it is claimed that固定句型，意为“据称”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，故选B。
64．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经常大声朗读英语课文对英语学习者大有好处，他们逐渐意识到英语口语的重要性。A. beneficial有益的；B. beneficiary受益人；C. benefiting使受益；D. benefit好处。此处作介词of的宾语，应用名词，排除A/C项，B项明显不符合语境，be of great benefit“大有好处”。故选D。
65．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当谈到窗帘面料时，买家应该考虑它们的质地。A. feature特点；B. property财产；C. characteristic特色；D. texture质地。根据When it comes to curtain fabrics(当谈到窗帘面料时)及常识可知，此处指考虑窗帘面料的质地。故选D。
66．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一顿西餐由三部分组成，即开胃菜、主菜和甜点。A. appetite食欲；B. appetizing开胃的；C. appetize引起食欲；D. appetizer开胃菜。此处与a main course and a dessert是并列成分，应用名词，排除B/C项，此处指饭菜，appetizer符合语境。故选D。
67．C
【详解】考查副词（名词）词义辨析。句意：尽管简努力成为一个多产的作家，但不幸的是，她只出版了几本书。A. fortune运气；B. fortunately幸运地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. misfortune厄运。此处修饰主句，应用副词，作状语，A/D项都是名词，故排除，根据句意可知，简努力成为一个多产的作家，但是她只出版了几本书，这是很不幸的。故选C。
68．D
【详解】考查形容词。句意：高中三年级的学生们坚信，在他们完成高考后，他们将有一个繁荣的未来。A. conviction坚信（名词）；B. convincing令人信服的，有说服力的（形容词）；C. convict定罪，宣判……有罪（动词）；D. convinced坚信的，确信的（形容词）。结合句意可知，本题考查固定句型sb. be convinced that...“某人相信……”，形容词convinced作表语。故选D。
69．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩更容易辨别不同的口味。A. note注意；B. signify表示……的意思；C. differ有区别；D. differentiate区分，辨别。根据“different flavours more easily”可推知，此处表示更容易辨别不同的口味，differentiate“区分，辨别”符合题意。note“注意”不适合用more easily修饰，signify“表示……的意思”不合适与flavours搭配，differ“有区别”是不及物动词，均不符合语境。故选D。
70．D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女孩比男孩更敏感的味蕾。A. sensible明智的；B. sense感官；C. sensational轰动的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据空后taste buds(味蕾)可知，此处指敏感的味蕾，其他选项不符合语境。故选D。
71．D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在走过亚马逊雨林时，人们应该小心有毒的植物。A. potent有强效的；B. powerful强大的；C. painful令人疼痛的；D. poisonous有毒的。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，结合句意可知，此处表示“有毒的”应为poisonous。故选D项。
72．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意有灌木丛被打断的声音——树枝折断的咔哒声。A. interrupted插嘴；B. intervened介入；C. bothered麻烦；D. disturbed打断。根据空后a click of breaking branches(树枝折断的咔哒声)可知，此处指灌木丛被打断。故选D。
73．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这条徒步旅行路线全长3500公里，沿着美国东海岸绵延。A. extends延长，指时间或空间的延长；B. expands扩大；C. stretches绵延，延续，指长度的延伸或宽度的增加；D. prolongs延长，拉长，指时间上的延长。句子的主语是The hiking trail，此处指徒步旅行路线沿着美国东海岸绵延，指长度上的延伸，stretches“绵延，延续”符合题意。故选C。
74．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何投资都涉及一定的风险。A. transforms使改变形态；B. defends防御；C. rewards值得；D. involves涉及，包含。根据“an element of risk”和常识可推知，此处表达任何投资都涉及一定的风险，involves“涉及，包含”符合题意。故选D。
75．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们接近小岛时，一排排的橘子树一直延伸到地平线上。A. skipped跳过；B. drafted起草；C. stretched伸展，延伸；D. blessed祝福，保佑。根据“row after row of orange trees”和“to the horizon”可知，此处表示橘子树延伸到地平线。故选C。
76．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位聪明的年轻教授能用简单的语言解释复杂的思想。A. informative提供信息的，增长见闻的；B. plain朴素的；C. precise精确的；D. rewarding有意义的，有回报的。根据上文“complicated word”可知，设空处使用形容词作定语，表示“简单的文字”用plain。故选B。
77．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：雇主否认对火灾事故负有全部责任。A. intention意图，打算；B. structure结构；C. frustration沮丧，受挫；D. responsibility责任。根据“the fire accident”可知，此处表示否认事故责任。故选D。
78．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：谋杀案受害者的家属向最高法院提出上诉，要求得到一个明确的答复。A. ancestor祖先；B. fellow家伙，同事；C. victim受害者；D. sponsor资助者。根据“has appealed to the Supreme Court to have a definitive answer.”可知，此处指受害者的家属。故选C。
79．B
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：这是一个医生的手册，它提供了一个清晰和精确的模型，为临床应用活力治疗哲学。A. enthusiastic热情洋溢的；B. precise精确的；C. plain朴素的；D. widespread普遍的。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，根据“clear”可知，此处表示“精确的”用precise。故选B。
80．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：爷爷奶奶有福气，身体健康，还有三个可爱的孙子孙女。A. convinced使相信；B. threatened恐吓；C. blessed祈求上帝保佑；D. appointed安排。根据“good health and three lovely grandchildren”可推知，此处表示积极的内容，blessed符合题意，be blessed with sth.是固定短语，意为“有幸拥有……，被赋予……”，表示有幸拥有健康的身体、三个可爱的孙子孙女。故选C。
81．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果她不按他们的要求做，她有时会受到暴力恐吓。A. banned禁止；B. waved挥手（示意或指引）；C. conserved保护；D. threatened恐吓。根据“with violence if she didn’t do what they want”可推知，如果她不按他们的要求做，她会受到暴力恐吓，threatened“恐吓”符合题意。故选D。
82．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以发现这些小生物躲藏在石头下面或躲避在潮湿的苔藓里。A. sheltering遮蔽；B. shrinking萎缩；C. sponsoring赞助；D. stretching伸展。分析句子，设空处使用现在分词作后置定语，与空前的hiding构成并列结构。表示“躲避，遮蔽”用shelter。故选A。
83．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你在这个城市找工作是不明智的，因为这里的失业率是全国平均水平的两倍。A. income收入；B. security安全、保障；C. expense花销、代价、费用；D. average平均水平、平均数。根据句意可知，此处应表示全国的平均水平，应用average。故选D项。
84．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项调查，在过去的30年里，青少年的平均卡路里消耗量增加了25%，达到每天2700卡路里。A. assumption假设；B. consumption消耗量；C. adoption采用，收养；D. reduction减少。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作主语，结合has increased by 25% to 2,700 a day可知，此处为consumption意为“消耗量”符合句意，且为不可数名词。故选B项。
85．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家预测，由于医学领域的突破，年轻一代可能比他们的父母更长寿，并享受更好的生活质量。A. outlive比……活得长；B. outnumber数目超过；比……多；C. outsmart比……更聪明；D. outdate使过时。根据“their parents and enjoy abetter quality of life thanks to the breakthroughs in medical fields.”可知，专家预测，由于医学领域的突破，年轻一代可能比他们的父母更长寿，并享受更好的生活质量。故选A项。
86．A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：团队合作可以汇集人才。同样，由于成员分担工作量，它有助于提高效率和生产力。A. Similarly同样；B. Surprisingly惊人地，出人意外地；C. Unexpectedly未料到地，意外地；D. Fortunately幸运的是。空后内容“有助于提高效率和生产力”和空前内容“汇集人才”都是在说明团队合作的好处，similarly“同样”符合题意，表明前后的并列关系。故选A。
87．B
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人担忧的是，在过去两年中，患有肥胖症的美国青少年数量一直在显著上升。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Worryingly令人担忧地；C. Similarly相似地、同样；D. Interestingly有趣地。根据句意可知，患有肥胖症的美国青少年数量一直在显著上升，这是一个不好的事，所以应该是令人担忧的，worryingly符合语境。故选B项。
88．C
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：20世纪40年代，城市人口迅速增长，美国家庭开始搬到郊区。A. frequently频繁地；B. regularly定期地，有规律地；C. rapidly迅速地；D. necessarily必要地。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，结合句意可知，此处为rapidly意为“迅速地”符合句意。故选C项。
89．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：健康和爱情是幸福的两大促成幸福的因素。A. contributions贡献；B. factors因素；C. solutions解决方法；D. contributors促成因素。根据“Good health and loving relationships”及常识可知，这是幸福的两大促成因素。故选D项。
90．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：物质的占有只能给你提供短暂的享受。A. subjects学科、主题、主语；B. objects物体、宾语、目标；C. objectives目标；D. circumstances环境、状况。根据句意可知，此处表示物质物品的占有，应用objects。故选B项。
91．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在英明的领导下，中国进入了和平与繁荣的新时代。A. flexibility灵活性；B. reliability可靠，可信赖；C. prosperity繁荣；D. possibility可能性。根据“peace”和“thanks to the wise leadership”可推知，此处表示英明的领导带来了和平与繁荣，prosperity“繁荣”符合题意，可与peace并列，说明国家的情况。故选C。
92．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：睡眠不足会影响你上课时集中注意力的能力。A. improve提高、增加、改善；B. reduce减少；C. enhance增强；D. affect影响。根据句意可知，此处应表示缺少睡眠会影响上课时集中注意力的能力，应用affect。故选D项。
93．A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论生活中发生什么，都要积极乐观。A. optimistic乐观的；B. miserable痛苦的，悲惨的；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. prosperous繁荣的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“乐观的”应为optimistic。故选A项。
94．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于缺乏资金，这家公司被迫放弃了这个项目。A. adopt采用；B. adjust调整；C. abandon放弃；D. accept接受。分析句子结构可知，此处位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形，结合“due to a lack of funds.”可知，此处表示“放弃”应为abandon，且表示主动意义。故选C项。
95．C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过为蜜蜂提供一个安全的家，村民们收集他们的蜂蜜作为回报。A. humble谦虚的；B. vital至关重要的；C. secure安全的；D. constant持续不断的。由上文“By providing the bees with a”和下文“home”可知，此处表示安全的家，故选C。
96．D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们只是想客观地让人们知晓正在发生的事情。A. apparently显然；B. critically批判性地；C. crucially至关重要地，关键地；D. objectively客观地。根据“inform”和“about what is happening”可推知，应该是想客观地让人们知晓正在发生的事情，objectively“客观地”符合题意。故选D。
97．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你最好戒烟，因为吸烟会增加患癌症的风险。A. multiplies增加；B. narrows使变窄；C. reduces减少；D. misses错过。由“the risk of cancer”可知，句子表示“你最好戒烟，因为吸烟会增加患癌症的风险”，空格处意为“增加”。故选A。
98．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：纵观历史，山东出现了许多对中国文化有重要影响的名人。A. impression影响；B. leadership领导；C. influence影响；D. intelligence才智。由上文“there appeared many celebrities in Shandong who had great”和下文“upon Chinese culture.”可知，此处表示对中国文化有重要影响，have great influence upon固定搭配，意为“对……产生重大影响”，故选C。
99．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有高度上进心的学生发现学习是愉快和有益的，因此保持强烈的探索欲望。A. realistic现实的；B. rewarding值得做的，有益的；C. solid可靠的；D. substantial结实的，牢固的。根据“maintain a strong desire to explore more”可知，有高度上进心的学生有强烈的探索欲望，也就是继续学下去，由此推知他们发现学习应该是愉快和有益的，rewarding“值得做的，有益的”符合题意。故选B。
100．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该开始担心谁将成为金融危机的下一个受害者。可能是任何人。A. winner获胜者；B. regulator管理者；C. peacekeeper和平卫士；D. victim受害者。根据“worrying about”和“It could be anyone.”推知此处表示金融危机的下一个受害者，victim“受害者”符合题意。故选D。
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