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专题07 名词性从句和定语从句
（2023年全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
【答案】 as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
2.（2023年全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, __ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
3.（2023年全国甲卷改错）She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun.
【答案】what→which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，在故what改为which。
4.（2023年全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place________ welcome the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。先行词place，定语从句中关系词充当主语，指代先行词place,故选用关系代词that或which。
5.（2023年全国乙卷改错） The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.
【答案】 that → whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。
6.（2023年新高考II卷）This is ________ they need an English trainer.
【答案】 why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___42___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
【答案】whether或if
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
2.（2022年全国甲卷短文改错）The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations.
7.【答案】too →so
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：这分歧如此尖锐，以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。固定句型“so…that…”译为“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。故将too改为so。
8.【答案】what→how
【解析】考查副词。句意同上。此处为“疑问副词+不定式”结构来做动词knew的宾语。结合句意，此处表达“如何解决它”，settle it为动宾关系，此处缺少方式状语，用how。故将what改为how。
9.【答案】or →and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：一天，他和我交谈，并且希望修补我们的关系。根据语境，“talked with me”与“hoped to mend our relations”为顺承、递进关系，用and连接。故将or改为and。
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
44. 【答案】son’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
45. 【答案】how
【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
(2022年北京卷语法填空) It’s easy to explain how we determine ____34____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【答案】that/who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
6.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这1100公里的旅程中，这位在8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
7.（2022年全国乙卷短文改错）They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
【答案】what → which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
(2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。（语法知识点：当先行词指物，且被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时，只使用that不用which引导。）本句句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并大大改善该地区的生态系统健康。故填that。
9.(2022年北京卷)That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ________ are only good for one use.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
10.（2022年北京卷） It’s easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
11.（2022年天津卷）Mental health involves________ you procees things such as stress and anxiety.
A. how B. what C. why D. which
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。故选A项。
12.（2022年天津卷）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. with which
C. for whom D. with whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。
13.（2022年浙江卷1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
【答案】whether或if
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
1. (2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
2. (2021年天津卷)It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A. when B. where C. what D. whether
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。
3. (2021年北京卷) The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived．
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
4.（2021年新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
5.（2021年天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。
6．（2021年天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。
7.（2021年浙江1月卷） BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。专题07 名词性从句和定语从句
（2023年全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”
（2023年全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, __ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
3.（2023年全国甲卷改错）She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun.
4.（2023年全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place________ welcome the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
5.（2023年全国乙卷改错） The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.
6.（2023年新高考II卷）This is ______ they need an English trainer.
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
2.（2022年全国甲卷短文改错）The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations.
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) He saved my ______ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ______ to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
(2022年北京卷语法填空) It’s easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
5.（2022年浙江卷语法填空）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
6.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空） On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
7.（2022年全国乙卷短文改错）They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
(2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
(2022年北京卷) That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ________ are only good for one use.
10.（2022年北京卷） It’s easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
11.（2022年天津卷）Mental health involves________ you procees things such as stress and anxiety.
A. how B. what C. why D. which
12.（2022年天津卷）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. with which
C. for whom D. with whom
13.（2022年浙江卷1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
1. (2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
2. (2021年天津卷) It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A. when B. where C. what D. whether
3. (2021年北京卷) The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived．
4.（2021年新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
5.（2021年天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
6．（2021年天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
7.（2021年浙江1月卷） BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.

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