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北京市平谷区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试
英 语
2023. 7
注 意 事 项 1. 本试卷共 12 页,包括三部分,满分 100 分。 考试时间 90 分钟。 2. 在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、 班级和姓名。 3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题卡上,选择题用 2B 铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束,请将答题卡交回。
第一部分　 知识运用(共两节,30 分)
第一节(共 10 小题;每小题 1. 5 分,共 15 分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There Is No Ping without A Pong
In February 2020, my husband, Bob, and I were offered an outdoor pingpong table, but I was not good at pingpong at all. “ What are we going to do with that ” Bob asked me. He clearly thought we were about to get something we did not __1__ .
“The two of us will play. ” I replied. Bob looked doubtful.
The pingpong table arrived __ 2 __ before the COVID-19 quarantines ( 隔 离) began. We were both working at home. Every day at a little after 5, if it wasn t rainy, we played pingpong for about 45 minutes, driving away the anxiety or __ 3 __ of another day in lockdown.
I lost every game. It didn’t __ 4 __ me at first. Bob was enjoying the chance to __ 5__ . But there were days when I hated losing. Once I threw my paddle across the yard in anger. Then one day Bob suggested I play with a handicap( 让步赛) of 12 points. That __ 6__ a lot — I sometimes won! The effort of trying to win was __7__ . Even when I lost a point, I enjoyed making Bob work harder for it.
Pingpong helped my husband and me __ 8__ the worst of the lockdowns. The gift of the pingpong table gave us a way to have fun in a __ 9__ time. It takes two willing partners to play table tennis. Similarly, it takes two people who would like to __10__happiness with each other to make a marriage. Simply put, when it comes to table tennis — or any other relationship — there is no ping without a pong.
1. A. need B. protect C. consume D. waste
2. A. additionally B. suddenly C. specially D. shortly
3. A. happiness B. excitement C. boredom D. laziness
4. A. benefit B. bother C. appeal D. envy
5. A. dive B. sigh C. freeze D. win
6. A. helped B. struck C. hurt D. involved
7. A. challenging B. disappointing C. pleasing D. annoying
8. A. get in B. get through C. get up D. get on
9. A. frequent B. similar C. difficult D. common
10. A. share B. compare C. bear D. burden
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1. 5 分,共 15 分)
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
On a rainy evening, Bob saw an old lady standing on the side of the road beside her car. He could see she needed help. So he __ 11 __ ( stop) and said to her,“ I m here to help you, madam. Why don t you wait in the car where it is wram ” With much effort, he fixed the problem. The lady asked how much she owed him. Bob never expected __ 12__ ( get) paid. He told her that the next time she saw a person __ 13 __needed help, she could give that person the assistance they needed.
B
We may think that literature has several genres, but there are really only three — poetry, drama and prose. When __ 14__ ( read) in school, students often encounter these English literary genres. Literary genres are __ 15__ ( category) of literature that generally are determined by technique, length, tone and content. When we list literary genres from a broader perspective, we know that they can be more abstract, flexible and loosely defined by comparison. However, when we get more specific into the subcategories, the type distinctions and rules become __16__ ( particular) clear.
C
For Kezia Whitaker, cooking has always been a big part of her life. She spent her childhood in the kitchen with her mum, learning about the flavors and skills needed to make an amazing meal. So far Kezia __ 17__ ( become) the first winner of the BBC cooking competition Young Master Chef. She cooked Jamaican and other Caribbean-style dishes, which __ 18__ ( describe) as “ sunshine on a plate” . Whittaker loves to share her passion with friends online, showing young people __19 __ interesting cooking is. “ I’m so addicted __ 20__ cooking,” she said. “ Anything food related, I’m running towards it. ”
第二部分　 阅读理解(共两节,38 分)
第一节(共 14 小题;每小题 2 分,共 28 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Amy is doing a project on great literary writers. By now, she has collected some information.
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 — 18 July 1817) was an English novelist. Austen’s plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favorable social standing and economic security. Her uses of biting irony, along with her realism, humor and social commentary, have long earned her praise.
With the publication of Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park and Emma, she achieved success. She wrote two other novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion and began another, titled Sanditon, but died before its completion.
Her novels have inspired many films.
Charles Dickens (7 February 1812 —9 June 1870) was an English writer. He created some of the world s best-known fictional characters. By the twentieth century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius.
Oliver Twist and Great Expectations are frequently adapted. A Tale of Two Cities, set in London and Paris, is his best-known work of historical fiction. Dickens has been praised for his realism, comedy, prose style, unique characterizations and social criticism.
Mark Twain ( November 30, 1835 — April 21, 1910 ) , was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher and lecturer.
Among his novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the latter often called “ The Great American Novel” .
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, based on a story that he
heard at Angels Hotel in Angels Camp, California, was published in 1865. The short story brought international attention. His wit and satire earned praise from critics and peers.
Arthur Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 —7 July 1930) was a British writer best known for his detective fiction featuring the character Sherlock Holmes. In 1887 he published A Study in Scarlet, the first of four novels about Holmes and Dr. Watson.
The Sherlock Holmes stories are considered milestones in the field of crime fiction. He was a prolific writer whose other works include fantasy and science fiction stories, plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction and historical novels.
21. Which book was produced earliest
A. A Study of Scarlet
B. Pride and Prejudice
C. A Tale of Two Cities
D. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
22. What do we know about The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
A. It was a drama.
B. It attracted global attention.
C. It was called “The Great American Novel”.
D. It was based on a story that Mark Twain heard in Florida.
23. ______ books are considered landmarks in the field of crime fiction.
A. Mark Twain’s
B. Jane Austen’s
C. Charles Dickens’
D. Arthur Conan Doyle’s
B
We have met, just not in person. I am a mortgage( 抵押贷款) banker so I do my financial transactions over the phone and computer. This lady is a borrower of mine and I have done two of her refinances over the past few years. She is not a woman that is my mother’s age, not a grandmotherly type of client. She is my age.
We have never met in person. She lives in New Jersey and I live in California. I always try to make a Mortgage transaction as exciting as and as fun as it can be and of course her loan turned out great, but nothing spectacular happened where I saved the day or anything like that. Everything ran smooth. Mortgage is not the most exciting thing in the United States of America. Every couple of months, for the past three years, she would email me a little note that told me how much she appreciated me, how I made a difference in her life, how smart I was, and how thankful she was of me.
I have a stressful job, and sometimes my cheese is falling off my cracker all day long and just one little note from her completely changes my whole day. Sometimes it even makes me cry a little because it’s exactly what I needed to hear. Little does she know that that one little action to somebody she barely even knows does so much for me over here on the other end.
This morning I turned on my computer and was trying to wake up and grunting at my emails and there it was, another note from her. I started my day in such a good mood and I let her know how much she makes a difference in my life! I also let her know how lucky the people are that are in her life if she treats everybody like this!
Everyone is so stressed out and lonely right now. Take a moment in your day tomorrow to do one little nice thing for somebody, even if it’s for someone you do not know. You can make one little difference in their life and put into motion a whole stream of positivity after that.
24. What is the possible relationship between the writer and the woman
A. Buyer and borrower.
B. Manager and employee.
C. Boss and customer.
D. Banker and client.
25. What can we learn from the passage
A. They live in different countries.
B. The writer borrowed money from this woman.
C. The woman and “I” have met in person before.
D. Both of them are thankful to each other.
26. From the underlined sentence “ ···sometimes my cheese is falling off my cracker all day long” , we can infer that the writer was______.
A. upset B. relaxed
C. satisfied D. optimistic
27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A. To tell his / her story with an unknown woman.
B. To introduce his / her job as a mortgage banker.
C. To encourage people to do one little good thing to others.
D. To call on people to make a contribution to the whole world.
C
With the development of technology, computers are more capable of using language. Large language models ( LLMs) , of which the most famous is ChatGPT, produce what looks like human writing. However, a debate has been aroused over these items: what the machines are actually doing internally and what the operation of the brain is when humans speak.
According to Professor Noam Chomsky, a famous linguist( 语言学家) , human language is different from all other kinds of communication. All human languages are more similar to each other than they are to other types of communication, such as whale song or computer code. In a recent New York Times op-ed, Chomsky and two co-authors said “ we know” that computers do not think or use language as humans do. LLMs, in fact, just predict the next word in a string of words.
It is hard to understand what LLMs “think”. Details of the programming and training data of commercial ones like ChatGPT are proprietary. And not even the programmers know exactly what is going on inside.
Linguists have, however, found clever ways to test LLMs’ underlying knowledge. They found that LLMs can handle some new words and grasp parts of speech. For
example, tell ChatGPT that “dax” is a verb meaning to eat a slice of pizza by folding it, and the system can use it easily: “ After a long day at work, I like to relax and dax on a slice of pizza while watching my favourite TV show. ”
GPT-3 ( the LLM underlying ChatGPT until the recent release of GPT-4 ) is estimated to be trained on about 1, 000 times the data a human ten-year-old is exposed to. That leaves open the possibility that children have an inborn tendency to grammar, making them far more proficient than any LLM. In a forthcoming paper in Linguistic Inquiry, researchers claim to have trained an LLM on no more text than a human child is exposed to, finding that it can use even rare bits of grammar. But other researchers have tried to train an LLM on a database of only child-directed language. Here LLMs behaved worse. Perhaps the brain really is built for language, as Professor Chomsky says.
28. According to Noam Chomsky, ______.
A. whale songs are similar to computer code
B. no further research shall be carried out on ChatGPT
C. computers do not deal with language like humans do
D. human language is based on other kinds of communication
29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that .
A. LLMs might become a tool of learning languages
B. some linguists are opposed to the technology of LLMs
C. linguists have the hobby of daxing on a slice of pizza
D. any complicated word in the world can be handled via LLMs
30. The passage mainly tells us .
A. what LLMs are not capable of
B. how linguists understand LLMs
C. why human should reject ChatGPT
D. that human languages would be replaced by ChatGPT
D
A picture might be worth a thousand words, but sometimes, a few words tell a bigger story. Instagram users find that a carefully thought-out caption for an image can make viewers pause, reveal something about the creator’s personality, drive engagement, and perhaps inspire one to take action. Do labels in museums and art galleries do something similar when paired with artworks
A recent study, done by Kohinoor M. Darda and Anjan Chatterjee, researchers from University of Pennsylvania, was carried out to find the answer. They asked subjects how much they liked abstract and representational paintings. In the first experiment, Northern American subjects viewed Jackson Pollock’s abstract works with no additional information or accompanied by biographical information about Pollock as well as his technique for creating art. In the second experiment, Northern American subjects viewed Indian and American-European representational paintings that were either presented with no information or with information about the artwork’s content, the artist, and their technique.
They found that viewers’ aesthetic judgments of liking abstract paintings increased when they had information about Jackson Pollock and his technique, compared to no information. Similarly, viewers liked Indian and American-European representational paintings more when presented with information about the content, the artist, and their technique compared to no information. The influence of this information did not apply equally to everyone. Its effects appeared in people who are open to experience and people with less exposure to art.
Contextual information also impacted Indian paintings more than American-European paintings. Without contextual information, North Americans showed an in-group bias, a tendency to show favoritism toward members of one’s own group. In their study, Northern Americans liked American-European paintings more than Indian paintings when no information about the paintings was presented to them. But when the artworks were put into context, this in-group bias was reduced.
Museums or art galleries serve as information spaces where the museum architecture, the location of objects in its space, guided tours, audio guides, and the use of text labels all transmit information and knowledge to viewers to enhance the aesthetic experience. Further, given that the arts create a snapshot of a society or culture at a particular point in space and time, educators can take advantage of context to exert its impact on viewers. Multicultural art education could reduce stereotyping of “ the other. ” Would today’s world be just a little bit kinder if we could view each other through art and learn a little bit more about different cultural contexts
31. The author mentioned Instagram users’ example in the first paragraph to______.
A. introduce the topic
B. arouse readers’ interest
C. emphasize the importance of words
D. compare the similarity between Instagram and Museums
32. What does the underlined word “ subjects” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Themes B. Participants
C. Courses D. Citizens
33. What can we learn from the passage
A. Viewers presented with contextual information liked abstract and representational paintings equally.
B. Contextual information can reduce in-group bias concerning American-European paintings.
C. Viewers with less exposure to art are less likely to be affected by contextual information.
D. Contextual information proved to have different impacts on paintings with different origins.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Meet a Kinder World through Art
B. The Impact of the Sociocultural Information
C. Understanding Art within the Context
D. The More Informed, the Less Favoritism
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,共 10 分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。 选项中有两项为多余选项。
At some point, everyone wants to improve or change things in their lives. ____35____Whether you want to take on new challenges, enhance your work
performance or change unhealthy habits, creating a personal development plan is a great way to ensure success.
Decide what you want to change. Take down notes on the areas of your life that aren’t working well for you. Some experts believe it is better to focus on one goal at a time to stay focused. ____36____ Pinpoint specific areas in your life that have burdened you for months, or years. For example, if you intend to stop relying on mobile phone, now might be the time to make that goal to quit!
Have faith in yourself and in the process.____37____If you don’t believe you can absolutely transform your life and get what you want, then you might as well forget about goal setting and do something else. If you are in doubt, look around at your world. Everything started with a single thought!
Imagine the outcome. Some experts believe that taking a few minutes every day to visualize specific goals may have a significant impact on the degree of success you experience. In some cases research has revealed that mental practices are almost as effective as true physical practice. ____38____
____39 ____ Let’s be honest, if you don’t think about your goals, you won’t make them happen. At a set time, perhaps Monday mornings, review your progress for the last week and set new action steps for the upcoming week that push you towards your ultimate goal. Reading your goals weekly helps remind you of their importance and keeps you clear on what you truly want in your life.
A. Review your goals weekly.
B. Make sure your goals are attainable.
C. However, you may feel like tackling several goals at once.
D. Under the goal area, make a list of things you want to change.
E. The first step to goal setting is to have total belief that you can succeed.
F. Before you go to sleep at night, try closing your eyes and imagining your success.
G. A personal development plan can help you reach the goals you have been dreaming about.
第三部分　 书面表达(共两节,32 分)
第一节　 (共 4 小题,第 40、41 题各 2 分,第 42 题 3 分,第 43 题 5 分,共 12 分)
阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Sachin started a textile business. He invested all the money from his savings into the business. Also, he borrowed some money from his friends and family.
In the beginning, the profit from his projects was only sufficient to cover his basic expenses. But he maintained top quality for all the deliveries. He tried very hard to get big projects but could not get one.
Not returning money to his friends and family members in time, Sachin thought of selling his textile business.
One day he was sitting on a farm and thinking. A farmer asked him, “ Why are you so upset What is the problem ” Sachin replied his business was not giving returns as he thought. So, he was thinking of selling it off as it was not worth pursuing anymore.
Hearing his whole story, the farmer took him to his farm. He showed him a mango tree and a bamboo tree. He said, “ I planted both the trees at the same time and nurtured them with the same things they needed. After the first two years, the mango tree grew to a certain height. But there were no signs of growth in the bamboo. It continued for the third and fourth years. In the fifth year, the mango tree started producing fruits. Still, there were no signs in the bamboo.
However, after a week, there was a sign of growth in the bamboo tree. Then within six weeks, the tree grew to 100 feet.
Then I realized, in the first four years, it was developing its root deep underground for a base strong enough to support its outside growth. So, the same principle applies to your business as well. Wait for your time and never give up. ”
After hearing this story, Sachin thanked the farmer. He then started exploring the opportunities and went to big companies for orders. In the third month, he got the order from a big company worth millions and then continuous orders.
Sachin settled all the money to his family and friends. His business is now running into a highly profitable business.
40. Where did Sachin get the money to start his business
41. Why did Sachin want to sell his company
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
In the first four years, there were no signs of growth in the bamboo tree because the farmer didn t give it enough nutrition.
43. What have you learnt from this story Give an example in your own life to support your idea. ( In about 40 words)
第二节(20 分)
假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。 你收到英国好友 Jim 的来信,得知他将 要到中国上大学,但是因为中文水平有限而感到紧张焦虑,希望你能给些建议。 请你用英文给 Jim 写一封回信,内容包括:
1. 表示欢迎和安慰; 2. 给予建议及理由。
注意: 1. 词数 100 左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
(请务必将书面表达写在答题卡指定区域内)
参考答案
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.A
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
11.stopped 12. to get 13. who/that 14. reading 15. categories
16. particularly 17. has become 18.were described 19. how 20.to
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
A篇 21. B 22.B 23.D
B篇 24.D 25.D 26.A 27.C
C篇 28.C 29.A 30.B
D篇 31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35. G 36.C 37.E 38.F 39.A
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
40. He invested all the money from his saving and some money borrowed from his friends and family into the business.
41.Because he couldn’t return money to his friends and family members in time.
42. In the first four years, there were no signs of growth in the bamboo tree because the farmer didn’t give it enough nutrition .
According to the passage, in the first four years, there were no signs of growth in the bamboo tree because it developed its root deep underground for a base strong enough to support its outside growth.（2分）
43. 略
第二节 （20分）
Possible version:
Dear Jim,
Welcome to China! I’m delighted to know that you are coming to China to attend university. I understand that your limited understanding in Chinese is making you anxious, but don't worry. I will offer you some suggestions.
First, you can take some Chinese courses, which will help you build a solid foundation in Chinese learning. Second, take advantage of language learning apps, and they will help you practice vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. Moreover, we can chat in Chinese in our spare time, which is a good way to practice your Chinese.
Don’t worry about it too much. If you need any help, don’t hesitate to let me know. I’m looking forward to your coming!
Yours,
Li Hua
2

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