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2023年高一暑假阅读理解专练：文学和艺术
（共5题）
一、阅读理解题（共5题）
"Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher." You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March (possibly the wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning: "Experience is respected; experience is sought; experience is explained." The problem is that learning from experience involves serious complications, ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of the book, for example, he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says: "The more accurately reality is presented, the less understandable the story, and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is."
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding: Don't pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
(1) According to the text, James March is _____.
A．a poet who uses experience in his writing
B．a teacher who teaches story writing in university
C．a researcher who studies the way humans think and act
D．a professor who helps organizations make important decisions
(2) According to James March, experience _____.
A．is overvalued B．is easy to explain
C．should be actively sought D．should be highly respected
(3) What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．Experience makes stories more accurate.
B．Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.
C．The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.
D．Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.
(4) What's the purpose of this text
A．To introduce a book.
B．To describe a researcher.
C．To explain experiential learning.
D．To discuss organizational decision making.
The Wolf at the Door
Russ Fee was asleep inside his tent last summer when a series of screams shocked him awake. Throwing on his shoes, he ran out to investigate. Fee and his wife were travelling through Canada's Banff National Park to enjoy its breathtaking beauty and awesome wildlife. It was the latter he now experienced. Although it was dark, Fee could see a neighboring tent was in a mess. Backing out was a wolf, dragging something in his teeth. That thing was a man!
Moments earlier, Elisa and Matt Rispoli, from New Jersey, were asleep with their two young children when the wolf broke into their tent "It was like something out of a horror movie." Elisa posted on Facebook. "For three minutes, Matt threw his body in front of me and the boys and fought against the wolf. At one point, Matt got the upper hand, pinning (压住) the wolf to the ground. But the wolf held its jaw onto Matt's arm tightly, set its powerful legs, and began dragging Matt outside while I was pulling on his legs trying to get him back," Elisa wrote.
It was then that Fee entered the picture. He ran at the wolf, kicking it "like I was kicking in a door," he told ABC New York. The wolf dropped Matt and emerged from the tent. "Wolves are large. Fee told the radio show Calgary Eyeopener. "I felt like I had hit someone that was way out of my weight class."
Before the wolf could turn its anger on fee matt his arms bloodied, flew out of the tent to continue the battle. The men threw rocks at the wolf forcing it back then the fees and the Rispolis escaped to the shelter of the Fees' minivan (厢式旅行车). An ambulance was called, and Matt was taken to a local hospital suffering from open wounds. Luckily he has fully recovered. The wolf was tracked down by park officials and killed in a painless way.
As for Fee, whom Elisa called their lifesaver, he does admit to a fleeting (闪现的), if less-than-heroic, thought during the heat of battle. The moment the wolf locked eyes with him, Fee says, "I immediately regretted kicking it."
(1) What happened to the Rispolis one night last summer
A．They were scared by a horror movie.
B．They were suddenly woken up by screams.
C．They got injured and taken to the hospital.
D．They suffered a surprise attack from a wolf.
(2) Russ Fee joined Matt Rispoli when _____.
A．Matt was dropped down by the wolf
B．Matt gained the advantage over the wolf
C．the wolf was dragging Matt out of the tent
D．the wolf broke into the tent of the Rispolis
(3) Matt Rispoli survived because _____.
A．the wolf was killed by park officials
B．he took shelter in a neighboring tent
C．he got great help and timely treatment
D．the wolf was driven away by Russ Fee
(4) What can we learn about Russ Fee from the last paragraph
A．He feels regretful for what he did.
B．He enjoys being called a lifesaver.
C．He feels quite heroic about himself.
D．He admits his fear during the fight.
Craftsmanship requires a great deal of time, patience and effort. Traditionally craftsmen develop their skills through apprenticeship to those masters of the craft who came before them. Although we don't often work that way in this day and age. There are few things that we can do to emulate the process.
Practice everyday design something new, walk through a tutorial work on a personal project. Whatever it takes to getting you working with the tools of your trade each day, the more you do something, the better (and faster) you become at doing it.
Learn to accept criticism and react appropriately. People have a hard time taking criticism of their work. You put so much effort into a piece. It can be difficult to hear that what you have done is not good enough. Criticism isn't personal, you and your critics have the same goal, a quality product.
As I mentioned earlier, this is where all of the difference is made. A true artisan is careful about the details. Take the time to add polish and style to the small things. That can easily go overlooked. Attentiveness to these details raises the quality of our work.
Design for the future. Items that exhibit the quality of craftsmanship are timeless. They are built well, and built to last. There are always new features in the software we use. People develop new tools that give us more possibilities. But despite the ever-changing face of this industry, it is possible to do work that has longevity.
(1)
A．Pay attention to the details.
B．Participate in quality discussion.
C．Trends and costumes change rapidly.
D．Building quality reputations is the key to building craftsmanship.
E．However, nothing will help you improve so much as a critic.
F．Practice is the most important part of developing the quality of craftsmanship.
G．So becoming a real artisan requires your continuous development of your craft.
(2)
A．Pay attention to the details.
B．Participate in quality discussion.
C．Trends and costumes change rapidly.
D．Building quality reputations is the key to building craftsmanship.
E．However, nothing will help you improve so much as a critic.
F．Practice is the most important part of developing the quality of craftsmanship.
G．So becoming a real artisan requires your continuous development of your craft.
(3)
A．Pay attention to the details.
B．Participate in quality discussion.
C．Trends and costumes change rapidly.
D．Building quality reputations is the key to building craftsmanship.
E．However, nothing will help you improve so much as a critic.
F．Practice is the most important part of developing the quality of craftsmanship.
G．So becoming a real artisan requires your continuous development of your craft.
(4)
A．Pay attention to the details.
B．Participate in quality discussion.
C．Trends and costumes change rapidly.
D．Building quality reputations is the key to building craftsmanship.
E．However, nothing will help you improve so much as a critic.
F．Practice is the most important part of developing the quality of craftsmanship.
G．So becoming a real artisan requires your continuous development of your craft.
(5)
A．Pay attention to the details.
B．Participate in quality discussion.
C．Trends and costumes change rapidly.
D．Building quality reputations is the key to building craftsmanship
E．However, nothing will help you improve so much as a critic.
F．Practice is the most important part of developing the quality of craftsmanship.
G．So becoming a real artisan requires your continuous development of your craft.
Many people have the habit of writing a diary. They try to describe clearly and remember correctly all that they see and admire. The word "diary" comes from the Latin word "diarium", which means "daily allowance". Some experts suggest that keeping a diary is a good form of self-study.
In America, from the 1940s through the 1980s, a diary was thought of mostly as a way to express one's deepest thoughts while keeping notations about the day. In those times, writing in a diary was like writing to a friend. Many times, movies would show a teenage girl beginning to write in her diary while she said aloud, "Dear diary, ..."
Private diaries may have historical significance long after the author's death. Those diaries are regarded as the result of how a particular author experienced all the things around. They show how people accepted or resisted the time and the place in which they lived. A diary kept by a Jewish girl by the name of Anne Frank documented her experiences while she hid from the Nazis in World War Ⅱ. Her diary has become one of the world's most widely read books. Samuel Pepys, who lived during the 17th century, is still very famous today. His diary was also an important documentation of history. Pepys took diary writing from the general area of business to personal preference. Reading his diary is extremely interesting, and it makes his life all the more real to us.
The electronic version of the diary, the blog, has made it much more than a personal account of the day's events. There are blogs to document recipes, traveling, product announcements, and anything else that needs to be recorded over time. Search engines like have been created to keep track of millions of blogs that are available for anyone. Diary has become more popular than ever.
(1)
A．It refers to a book consisting of many small parts of writings by date.
B．More and more personal diaries have given the attention to public interest.
C．They've proved that writing diaries is highly beneficial to historical development.
D．By extension the term "diary" has been used to mean the publication in some way.
E．It gave his clear understanding of some big events such as the Great Fire of London.
F．What followed was a summary of the day filled with a strong feeling such as love or hate.
(2)
A．It refers to a book consisting of many small parts of writings by date.
B．More and more personal diaries have given the attention to public interest.
C．They've proved that writing diaries is highly beneficial to historical development.
D．By extension the term "diary" has been used to mean the publication in some way.
E．It gave his clear understanding of some big events such as the Great Fire of London.
F．What followed was a summary of the day filled with a strong feeling such as love or hate.
(3)
A．It refers to a book consisting of many small parts of writings by date.
B．More and more personal diaries have given the attention to public interest.
C．They've proved that writing diaries is highly beneficial to historical development.
D．By extension the term "diary" has been used to mean the publication in some way.
E．It gave his clear understanding of some big events such as the Great Fire of London.
F．What followed was a summary of the day filled with a strong feeling such as love or hate.
(4)
A．It refers to a book consisting of many small parts of writings by date.
B．More and more personal diaries have given the attention to public interest.
C．They've proved that writing diaries is highly beneficial to historical development.
D．By extension the term "diary" has been used to mean the publication in some way.
E．It gave his clear understanding of some big events such as the Great Fire of London.
F．What followed was a summary of the day filled with a strong feeling such as love or hate.
When you think about art, you might think of it as permanent. After all, that picture you drew in kindergarten might still hang on your refrigerator years later. Think about a Broadway performance. When it's over, it's over. Sure, it might live on in your memory or on film. But the live show was a special event. It was limited to one time and place.
Can you think of other forms of art that are temporary If you're a fan of the beach, sandcastles might come to your mind. Have you ever spent hours building a beautiful sandcastle You knew your work of art would be gone as soon as the tide came in. The sandy beach is a canvas that nature erases daily.
Most of the time, art made from sand can't last long. Still, many people love using sand to create their own unique vision of beauty. One of the most attractive types of sand art is sand animation (沙画). Artists who work in sand animation use sand to make a set of images that usually tell a story. They often start with a large amount of sand on a flat surface, such as a table. They then use their hands and fingers to draw in the sand.
However, the wide variety of beautiful and highly-detailed sand artworks might surprise you. Many of these works of art are temporary. That's where the animation part comes in.
Sand animation artists create a series of images that move to tell a story. They might also use music and special lighting to complete the effect. Sometimes they take photographs of or video their creation throughout the process.
(1)
A．Not all works of art are permanent, though.
B．Sand animation is beautiful but lasts only at the moment.
C．If you have, you probably were sad when it was time to leave the beach.
D．It is a type of live performance art.
E．Then, they turn it into a sand animation movie when it's finished.
F．It might seem like using sand would limit the art you could make.
G．Building a sand castle is a family-friendly activity perfect for large groups.
(2)
A．Not all works of art are permanent, though.
B．Sand animation is beautiful but lasts only at the moment.
C．If you have, you probably were sad when it was time to leave the beach.
D．It is a type of live performance art.
E．Then, they turn it into a sand animation movie when it's finished.
F．It might seem like using sand would limit the art you could make.
G．Building a sand castle is a family-friendly activity perfect for large groups.
(3)
A．Not all works of art are permanent, though.
B．Sand animation is beautiful but lasts only at the moment.
C．If you have, you probably were sad when it was time to leave the beach.
D．It is a type of live performance art.
E．Then, they turn it into a sand animation movie when it's finished.
F．It might seem like using sand would limit the art you could make.
G．Building a sand castle is a family-friendly activity perfect for large groups.
(4)
A．Not all works of art are permanent, though.
B．Sand animation is beautiful but lasts only at the moment.
C．If you have, you probably were sad when it was time to leave the beach.
D．It is a type of live performance art.
E．Then, they turn it into a sand animation movie when it's finished.
F．It might seem like using sand would limit the art you could make.
G．Building a sand castle is a family-friendly activity perfect for large groups.
(5)
A．Not all works of art are permanent, though.
B．Sand animation is beautiful but lasts only at the moment.
C．If you have, you probably were sad when it was time to leave the beach.
D．It is a type of live performance art.
E．Then, they turn it into a sand animation movie when it's finished.
F．It might seem like using sand would limit the art you could make.
G．Building a sand castle is a family-friendly activity perfect for large groups.
答案
一、阅读理解题（共5题）
1. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) A
(3) B
(4) A
2. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) C
(3) C
(4) D
3. 【答案】
(1) G
(2) F
(3) E
(4) A
(5) C
4. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) F
(3) E
(4) D
5. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) D
(4) F
(5) E
【解析】
(1) 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“沙画”这种艺术形式，介绍了其特点以及制作过程。
推理判断题。根据上文“When you think about art, you might think of it as permanent. After all, that picture you drew in kindergarten might still hang on your refrigerator years later.（当你想到艺术时，你可能会认为它是永恒的。毕竟，你在幼儿园画的那幅画可能几年后还会挂在冰箱上）”以及后文“Think about a Broadway performance. When it's over, it's over. Sure, it might live on in your memory or on film. But the live show was a special event. It was limited to one time and place.（想想百老汇的演出。结束了，就结束了。当然，它可能活在你的记忆里或电影里。但是现场表演是一个特殊的事件。它被限制在一个时间和地点）”由此可知，后文提到百老汇的演出结束了就是结束了，只能存在于记忆中，说明本句与上文形成转折，说明并不是所有的艺术作品都是永久的。故 A 选项“不过，并不是所有的艺术作品都是永久的”符合语境。
(2) 细节理解题。根据上文“Can you think of other forms of art that are temporary （你还能想到其他暂时的艺术形式吗？）”以及后文“Have you ever spent hours building a beautiful sandcastle （你曾经花了几个小时建造一个美丽的沙堡吗？）”由此可知，后文提到了沙堡这种短暂的艺术形式，可推知本句是在说明沙滩上堆沙堡的事情，从而引出后文。后文中 sandcastle 可对应到 C 选项中 sandcastles。故 C 选项“如果你喜欢沙滩，你可能会想到沙堡”符合语境。
(3) 逻辑关系题。根据上文“Most of the time, art made from sand can't last long. Still, many people love using sand to create their own unique vision of beauty.（大多数时候，用沙子做的艺术品不会持续太久。尽管如此，还是有很多人喜欢用沙子来创造自己独特的美景）”以及后文“It is a type of live performance art. Artists who work in sand animation use sand to make a set of images that usually tell a story. They often start with a large amount of sand on a flat surface, such as a table. They then use their hands and fingers to draw in the sand.（它是一种现场表演艺术。从事沙画的艺术家们用沙子制作一组图像，通常讲述一个故事。他们通常从平面上的大量沙子开始，比如桌子。然后他们用手和手指在沙子里画画）”由此可知，本句为过渡句，引出后文沙画这种沙子艺术类型，后文中 it 对应到 D 选项中 sand animation。故 D 选项“最吸引人的沙子艺术类型之一是沙画”符合语境。
(4) 逻辑关系题。根据后文“However, the wide variety of beautiful and highly-detailed sand artworks might surprise you.（然而，各种各样的美丽和高度细致的沙子艺术品可能会让你惊讶）”由此可知，本句与后文形成转折，提出沙子看起来可能会限制艺术创作，实际上沙子艺术品非常多样化。故 F 选项“看起来用沙子会限制你的艺术创作”符合语境。
(5) 细节理解题。根据上文“Sand animation artists create a series of images that move to tell a story. They might also use music and special lighting to complete the effect. Sometimes they take photographs of or video their creation throughout the process.（沙画艺术家创造了一系列的图像，通过移动来讲述一个故事。他们也可能使用音乐和特殊的灯光来完成效果。有时他们会在整个创作过程中拍摄照片或录像）”由此可知，本句为本段最后一句，对上文进行总结，上文提到拍摄沙画的制作过程，故本句应当是说明拍摄完成后，就成了一部沙画电影。故 E 选项“然后，当它完成的时候，他们把它变成一个沙画电影”符合语境。

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