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主题词汇库 – Art
教材相关主题词汇：选择性必修三 Unit 1
Reading and thinking: A Short History of Western Painting
Using Language: Listening-Talk about works of art；
Reading- Write an art exhibition announcement
--- Love of beauty is taste. The creation of beauty is art.---
本单元的主题：本单元以“艺术”为主题，学生通过阅读西方绘画简史、艺术展览推介文和了解中国绘画艺术在电影作品中的应用，在学会赏析画作的同时，积累绘画历史、画展推介的相关词汇，理解作品内涵和艺术家的精神追求，感受中华文化魅力，为实现跨文化交流打下基础。
根据语用，单词按功能划分有以下几个方面：。
学习目标：通过本练习，学生将能够：
1. 根据核心词汇语用功能进行主题下的分类，如艺术的重要性、艺术或艺术展的介绍等，形成语义场，进行表达与交流；
2. 根据中文提示熟练表达各艺术形式的名称；
3. 综合运用话题词汇完成主题写作，实现语言的迁移创新。
一、根据功能进行记忆
（一）艺术的重要性
[1] ______________________________________________________ 对…有更加深刻的见解
[2] ___________________________ 丰富精神世界
[3] ___________________________ 发挥想象力
[4] give an aesthetic pleasure to students ___________________________________
[5] elevate/cultivate students’ aesthetic taste ___________________________
[6] provoke critical thinking in individuals ___________________________
[7] ____________________________________________________ 激发学生对艺术探索的热情
[8] The creation of art can inspire empathy, understanding, and connection between people of different backgrounds and perspectives. 艺术创作可以激发不同背景和视角的人之间的同理心、理解和联系。
[9] The impact of art on a society is complex, yet undeniable in its ability to shape and enrich the human experience.
翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________
（二）艺术作品介绍
[1] _______________ adj. 精致的; 精美的
[2] ___________________________ 原始且二维的
[3] depict vivid scenes ___________________________
[4] ___________________________ 更少关注宗教主题
[5] ___________________________ 充满光、影、色和生命
[6] ___________________________ 展现内心的温暖和人性
[7] ___________________________ 外观精美、品质上乘
[8] ______________________________________________________ 有着一千多年的丰富历史
[9] show important historical events or stories from mythology ___________________________
[10] display people’s respect for culture, the skill of craftsmanship, the abundance of materials
______________________________________________________
[11] Giotto di Bondone’s paintings are ___________________________ by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 乔托·迪·邦多纳的绘画作品，以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他绘画作品中脱颖而出。
[12] While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), ______________________________________________________. 尽管早在达·芬奇时代画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他获得了“光影大师”的雅称。
[13] This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered in snow, ___________________________. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as ___________________________ as the day it was created. 这幅画运用了非凡的技巧，展现了高山、树木和被雪覆盖的房屋。虽然它已经有500多年的历史了，但看起来清新且充满生机，就像刚被创作出来一样。
[14] Chinese painting often incorporates elements of calligraphy and poetry.
翻译：_____________________________________________________
[15] Despite its traditional roots, Chinese painting continues to evolve and inspire contemporary artists both in China and around the world. 尽管中国画有着传统的根源，但它仍在不断发展，并激励着中国和世界各地的当代艺术家。
（三）艺术展的介绍
[1] ___________________________ 范围从…到…
[2] ___________________________ 展出
[3] trace the development of the art history ___________________________
[4] provide the audience multisensory experiences ___________________________
[5] embark on a journey regardless of time and cultural boundaries ___________________________
[6] be committed to carrying forward the ancient craft ___________________________
[7] From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
翻译：____________________________________________________________
[8] ___________________________ is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works of TangYin (1470-1524). 本次展览的亮点是唐寅 (1470—1524) 的杰作之一——《函关雪霁图》。
[9] ___________________________ a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE-1046 BCE). 同样十分重要的（看点）是来自商代（公元前 1600一公元前 1046) 的近百件青铜器藏品。
[10] This is just a small taste of what is instore for you in this exhibition. We guarantee that "From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages" will____________________________________________________________.
这只是本次展览供您参观的展品中的一小部分。我们保证“从商朝到清朝：历代中国艺术”展将凭借其令人惊叹的藏品让你穿越至另一个时代。
[11] The exhibition will run through March 27, and a series of forums will be hosted throughout, inviting experts to discuss about public art education. 展览将持续到3月27日，并将举办一系列论坛，邀请专家讨论公共艺术教育。
[12] More than 100 pieces ___________________________ of the 20th century are on show, including household names like Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, and Wu Guanzhong. 100多幅由20世纪著名水墨大师绘画的作品在展出，其中包括齐白石、徐悲鸿和吴冠中等家喻户晓的人物。
[13] An exhibition ____________________________________________ was held on Monday at the Prince Kung's Mansion Museum in Beijing.
周一，一场以中国传统服装艺术为特色的展览在北京的恭王府博物馆举行。(feature)
[14] ______________________________________, the exhibition displays over 100 traditional ethnic pieces ______________________________________________________.
以民族传统服饰艺术为主题，该展览展出了100多件由现代设计师创新设计的民族传统服饰。
二、根据括号中艺术形式的提示完成翻译
[1] China has a long history of _______________(肖像画).
[2] _______________ (油画) is a highly popular art form that has been practiced for centuries, with its origins traced back to the Middle Ages.
[3] _______________ (水墨画) occupies an important position in Chinese painting field.
[4] He attained perfection in _______________ (山水画).
[5] _______________ (水彩画) is compared to the light music.
[6] _______________ (建筑) is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings, bridges, and other structures to be both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
[7] He studied _______________ (雕塑) because he enjoyed working with clay.
[8] _______________ (摄影) is the art of capturing images and moments through the use of a camera and various techniques and styles.
[9] He was without question one of the giants of Japanese _______________ (文学).
[10] Writing _______________ (诗歌) liberated her from the routine of everyday life.
三、综合运用本单元词汇完成以下话题写作
为了激发学生对中国传统文化的学习热情,你校将组织校内留学生参观中国画展。假如你是学生会主席李华,请用英语写一则通知,告知具体事项。要点如下:
1.展览的时间、地点;
2.展览的内容;
3.注意事项。
注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
S3U1 Art 应用文范文
为了激发学生对中国传统文化的学习热情,你校将组织校内留学生参观中国画展。假如你是学生会主席李华,请用英语写一则通知,告知具体事项。要点如下:
1.展览的时间、地点; 2. 展览的内容; 3.注意事项。
注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Errors in Writing:
1. 书面通知结构不清，首行句中没有写Notice，结尾依旧是书信格式的结尾“Looking forward to your coming”“We hope you will have a rewarding time”；
2. 展览内容仅介绍了一幅画作，文章主体偏题要点；内容一句带过，全是感受。
3. 时间表达上的语法错误：如× on the next Monday; in 5:00 pm等
ps: 当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every,each等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。
draw-drew-drawn... hold-held-held...
4. 活动主体——留学生(overseas students; foreign students; international students…)未体现在文章中。
5. 画展地点离谱（playground）。
Para 1 你校将组织校内留学生参观中国画展
表目的: in order to do; be intended to do; be aimed at doing/ aim to do
Q: 活动的目的可以有哪些？
丰富课外生活 ________________________________
弘扬中国传统文化 ________________________________
促进文化交流 ________________________________
培养/激发对中国文化的兴趣 ________________________________
给学生以审美愉悦give an aesthetic pleasure to students
提升/培养学生的审美情趣elevate/cultivate students’ aesthetic taste
激发学生对艺术探索的热情fuel/stimulate students passion for art exploration
【连词成句】为了弘扬中国传统文化，我们学校将组织/安排交换生参观中国画展。
__________________________________________________, our school is to organize/arrange for the exchange students to pay a visit to the Chinese Painting Exhibition.
【学生佳作】
For the sake of stimulating students’ passion for learning traditional Chinese culture, the art hall will witness an extraordinary Chinese painting exhibition organized by the Students’ Union.
Our school is to organize a Chinese painting exhibition for foreign students with the purpose of promoting Chinese traditional culture.
Aimed at arousing student’s enthusiasm in learning traditional Chinese culture, our school is proud to present to the Chinese painting exhibition.
Next week will witness an exhibition themed on Chinese paintings, which is intended to trigger students’ passion for learning traditional Chinese culture.
Para 2 展览的时间、地点；展览的内容
A. 展览的时间和地点
【课文内容】“From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will run until November 25. Opening hours are from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., from Tuesday to Sunday (the museum is closed on Mondays). No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4:30 p.m.
【句子仿写】展览将于2月20日至3月20日在城市艺术博物馆举行，它坐落于我们城市的中心。
The exhibition will ____________ Feb. 20 _____March. 20 in the City Art Museum, ________________________
___________________________________.
B. 展览的内容
【课文内容】
1. The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition.
2. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash painting, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times. 从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到水墨画，我们的目标是展示中国古代的艺术天赋。
3. The highlight of this exhibition is the painting ..., one of the great works of Tang Yin. ... This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created(它看起来和创作那天一样的栩栩如生).
4. Also of primary note is a collection of (同样值得注意/关注的是).... Some of the items on display are thought to have ...
5. Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty sculptures. They are of exceptional beauty and quality(精美绝伦和品质上乘).
【句子仿写】
1. 这次的展览最精彩的部分是宋朝的水墨画。这些画作精美绝伦，栩栩如生。
_____________________________ the exhibition is the ink wash paintings from Song Dynasty, ______________
_________________________________________________.
2. 这次的展览呈现的是中国画的历史以及来自名家的丰富的作品，从水墨画到山水画等(range)。
The exhibition presents the history of traditional Chinese paintings as well as various vivid works from Chinese artistic geniuses, _______________________________________________________________________.
3. 这次展览中特别值得关注的是宋朝的水墨画，这些作品都被认为是最值得一看的。
___________________________ is the ink wash paintings from Song Dynasty, which are thought to be the most excellent works ____________________________________.
4. 这次的展览以中国国画的发展历史为中心，展示来自各个朝代的名家名画，从中，你能对中国文化的发展有更深入的了解。
The exhibition ____________ the history of the traditional Chinese paintings and displays various famous paintings of exceptional beauty from different dynasties, _________________________________________________ the development of Chinese culture.
【学生佳作】
Arranged from June 8 to June 20, the exhibition displays a wide variety of marvelous artworks, the subject of which varies from landscape to portraiture.
The exhibition to be held next weekend will be a true feast of eyes for everyone.
Every painting exhibited is made with extraordinary skill by our versatile students, pulling us into the stunning art world.
The highlight of this exhibition is a collection of some ink wash paintings, which is of exceptional beauty and quality. Via the paintings, not only will you have a glimpse of ancient China, but you will get a better acquaintance with Chinese culture.
From landscaping paintings to flower and bird paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
Also of primary note is a collection of paintings from the Song Dynasty, through which we can see the faces of the past.
Para 3 注意事项
【课文内容】No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum.
【句子仿写】
1. We are to gather at the school gate at 2:00 pm on Feb. 25 and the school bus will take us there.
2. Don't be late.
3. Bring your student cards with you.
4. Keep in mind that ...
【学生佳作】
Pay attention that food and drink are prohibited in the museum.
What you should keep in mind is that it is forbidden to take photos/no photo is allowed during your visit. Looking forward to your participation.
【连句成篇】
Notice
Aimed to promote traditional Chinese culture, our school is to arrange for the exchange students to pay a visit to the Chinese Painting Exhibition.
The exhibition will run from Feb. 20 to March. 20 in the City Art Museum, which is located in the centre of our city. It centers on the history of the traditional Chinese paintings and displays various famous paintings of exceptional beauty from different dynasties, from which you are expected to have a deep insight into the development of Chinese culture.
We are to gather at the school gate at 2:00 pm Feb. 25 and the school bus will take us there. Keep in mind that no photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum.
the Student Union (120 words)
Notice
To promote traditional Chinese culture, our school is to arrange for the international students to visit the Chinese Painting Exhibition in the City Art Museum.
Running from Feb. 20 to March. 20, the exhibition centers on the history of the traditional Chinese paintings and displays various famous paintings of exceptional beauty from different dynasties, from which you are expected to have a deep insight into the development of Chinese culture. Of primary note is the painting Cleaning After Snow a Mountain Pass by Tang Yin, which is worthy to be appreciated.
We are to gather at the school gate at 2:00 pm, Feb. 25. Keep in mind that no photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum.
the Student Union(120 words)
主题词汇库 – Healthy Lifestyle
教材相关主题词汇：选择性必修三 Unit 2
Reading and thinking: Habits for a healthy lifestyle
Using Language: Listening-Give advice on changing bad habits；
Reading- Write a letter to the editor about your lifestyle
--- The greatest wealth is health.---
本单元的主题：本单元以“健康的生活方式”为主题，学生阅读关于习惯的说明文和两位杂志社读者改变不健康生活方式的经过，理解习惯形成的原因，并能够运用习惯循环原理改变不良习惯，培养健康习惯，并意识到不良生活方式是全球人类共同面对的问题，要学会尊重和包容不同文化习惯，加深文化理解。
根据语用，单词按功能划分有以下几个方面：坏习惯的表现、坏习惯的影响、培养好习惯的措施。
学习目标：通过本练习，学生将能够：
1. 根据核心词汇语用功能进行主题下的分类，如坏习惯的表现、坏习惯的影响、培养好习惯的措施、好习惯的重要作用等，形成语义场，进行表达与交流；
2. 综合运用话题词汇完成主题写作，实现语言的迁移创新。
一、根据功能进行记忆
（一）坏习惯的表现(form/fall into bad habits)
[1] overspending 消费过度 gambling __________
[2] _____________________ 缺乏睡眠 ______________________ 熬夜
[3] binge eating=____________ 暴食 __________________ 跳过/忽视早餐
[4] _________________________________________ 电子产品上瘾
binge watching _____________________ be a coach potato _____________________
_____________________ 有烟瘾 _____________________ 酗酒
substance abuse 药物滥用
[5] negative self-talk _____________________ lack of empathy _____________________
[6] gossiping excessively _____________________
[7] procrastination 拖延症
[8] I used to stay up late for various reasons, ____________________________________________________.
我过去常常因为各种原因熬夜，从繁重的家庭作业到沉迷于数码设备。(range from… to)
（二）坏习惯的不良影响
[1] 生理上：
___________________ 变胖
result in shortsightedness ___________________ ________________________ 导致频繁感冒
___________________（身体）垮掉 ________________________ 对身体健康有害
lead to serious health issues like heart disease and cancer 导致严重的健康问题如心脏病或癌症
[2] 心理上
______________________________________ 觉得疲惫和压力大
erode self-esteem and lead to feelings of worthlessness ______________________________________
result in adverse mental health problems like anxiety, _____________, and addiction
导致不良的心理健康问题，如焦虑、抑郁和成瘾
[3] 生活上
_________________________________________________ 感到困倦和眩晕，（对生活）缺乏热情
___________________ 容易分心 reduce productivity and hinder progress ___________________
result in financial distress ___________________
___________________________________ one's personal finances 给个人财务造成重大负担
harm interpersonal relationships and lead to social isolation ______________________________________
____________________________________ 糟糕的时间管理
[4] The long-term shortage of sleep not only ___________________________________________________, but also _________________________________________________________ as well.
长期缺乏睡眠不仅剥夺了我白天学习所需的能量，而且还引发了许多潜在的身心疾病。
（三）培养好习惯（develop/get into/form/cultivate good habits）
[1] 饮食
______________________________________ 坚持均衡饮食
__________________________________避免摄入过多的盐、糖或油 reduce salt intake 减少盐的摄入
stop buying sweets, biscuits and sugary drinks 停止购买糖果、饼干和含糖饮料
incorporate/add more vegetables and fiber in your diet ______________________________________
___________________ and cook by ourself more 少点外卖，多自己做饭
[2] 运动：
______________________________________, such as a daily walk or workout routine
参加有规律的体育活动，如每天散步或锻炼
______________________________________ 把体育锻炼纳入繁忙的日程
______________ 10 minutes every day to do some stretches 每天挤出10分钟做一些伸展运动
[3] 睡眠：
put down smartphones 放下智能手机
_____________________________________ 建立持续稳定的/规律的睡眠时间表
[4] 心理：
practice stress-management techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga
______________________________________
Look at the bright side and stay optimistic: Focus on the benefits and positive outcomes of your habit and ______________________________. 关注你的习惯带来的好处和积极的结果，避免气馁。
Recognize and celebrate small success/victories, __________________________________________.
认可并庆祝小的成功，这将激发你继续前进的动力。(非限制性定语从句)
[5] 人际：
make time for social connections ___________________
______________________________________ 与所爱的人保持健康的关系
[6] 其他：
regularly schedule wellness checkups with healthcare providers ________________________________
call in the help of friends and family 请朋友和家人帮忙
Avoid temptation(诱惑): Remove any potential distractions or triggers _____________________________
_______________.
消除任何可能妨碍你养成习惯的潜在干扰或诱因。(定语从句)
____________________________ (日常练习): Consistently/Repeatedly practice your habit until it becomes a natural and instinctive part of your daily routine.
持续/反复练习你的习惯，直到它成为你日常生活中自然和本能的一部分。
________________ there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you, you’d better start small, show some discipline and repeatedly take small steps, and then gradually ________________________________.
由于没有“灵丹妙药”或删除键的帮助，你最好从小处着手，表现出自律的一面，反复从小事做起，然后逐渐养成更具挑战性的习惯。(due to)
_________________________________________________________, we should recognize bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
为防止坏习惯主宰青少年生活，我们应尽早认识到坏习惯并做出适当的改变。(dominate)
Examine bad habit cycles and try to adapt them by _____________________________________________.
检查坏习惯的周期，并尝试通过用更积极的东西取代消极的习惯来改变它们。
（四）好习惯的影响
[1] ___________________ 保持健康 _________________________ 增强体质，锻炼身体
___________________晚上睡得香甜 _________________________ 再也不会感染流感病毒
reduce risk of various diseases and illnesses 降低患各种疾病的风险
[2] in control of one’s own life掌控自己的生活 _________________________ 更好地应对日常挑战
[3] enhance mental health增强心理健康 reduce stress level 降低压力
get refreshed恢复精力 ___________________ 感觉更有活力
promote self-discipline and self-esteem ___________________
[4] have greater focus/be more attentive 更加专注 _________________________ 更加专注于学习
[5] improve time management 促进时间管理 increase productivity ___________________
______________________________________ 培养创造力，促进个人成长
[6] enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量 achieve greater financial stability ___________________
______________________________________ 培养在体育方面的兴趣
build stronger relationships with others 与他人建立更牢固的关系
______________________________________ 培养更好的沟通技巧
[7] Adopting a healthy lifestyle takes commitment, but the rewards are well worth the effort.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________________
[8] It is suggested that we ______________________________________ for our school life, striking a balance between work and study. ______________________________________ we have a strong body to deal with future challenges. 建议我们为学校生活制定一个有效的计划，在工作和学习之间取得平衡。只有保持健康的生活方式，我们才能拥有一个强壮的身体来应对未来的挑战。(only倒装句)
[9] ________________________________________________, but also enabled me to have a better state of learning. 我不仅获得了健康生活的意识，而且使我有了更好的学习状态。(倒装句)
二、主题写作训练：综合运用本单元词汇完成以下话题写作
假定你是李华，学校网站的英语专栏正在开展“我的运动故事”主题征文活动。你打算投稿,请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。标题已给出。
1. 过去生活方式不健康，易生病，影响学习和生活；
2. 发生改变的原因及改变；
3. 现在的运动习惯和产生的积极结果。
注意:1.词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
My sports story
___________________________________________________________________
人教版选择性必修三Unit 3 Environmental Protection环境保护(学生版)
本单元的主题：
本单元以“环境保护”为主题，从“讨论全球气候变化”，引导学生关注全球气候变暖的表现、原因、后果及应对措施，到“谈论空气污染”，再到阅读并了解漓江水污染治理过程，学生能够识别身边的环境问题，并意识到环境问题是全球共同面对和携手解决的问题。
根据语用，单词按功能划分有以下几个方面：环境问题的成因、环境问题的影响、环境问题的治理措施。
学习目标：通过本练习，你将能够：
1. 根据核心词汇语用功能进行主题下的分类，如环境问题的影响、环境保护的措施等，形成语义场，进行表达与交流；
2. 根据中文提示熟练表达环境相关问题的名称；
3. 综合运用话题词汇完成主题写作，实现语言的迁移创新。
一、根据功能进行记忆
（一）环境问题的成因
[1] 河流污染
Throw/pour lots of oil into the water 往水中扔/倒很多油
release heavy metals and toxic chemicals into water bodies 翻译: ________________________________
Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, ________________________________________________________________.
此前，由于游客数量的增加，漓江的水质受到了很大影响，许多游客经常向河里扔垃圾。（非限制性定从）
Water pollution levels increased, with _________________________________________________________.
水污染水平上升，越来越多的家庭和商业垃圾最终流入河流（end up）。
Untreated or poorly treated wastewater can release harmful bacteria and chemicals into water bodies.
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
[2] 气候变暖
Greenhouse gas emissions (from transportation or industrial processes): When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by ___________________________(燃烧化石燃料), more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.
Deforestation(滥伐树林): Cutting down trees reduces the number of trees available to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 翻译：_________________________________________________________________
Agriculture and livestock farming: Producing meat, dairy, and crops on a large scale creates emissions of methane(甲烷) and other greenhouse gases. Agriculture is also responsible for large-scale deforestation(森林砍伐) and soil depletion(土壤贫化), __________________________________________(这加剧了气候变化)。
[3] 空气污染
Burning lots of fossil fuels can _________________________________________ (产生有害排放物/释放有害污染物) which creates much smog.
Fertilizers and pesticides used in farming can _____________________________________________(向空气中释放有害化学物质).
（二）环境问题的不良影响
[1] 河流污染
reduce biodiversity _________________________
destroy entire ecosystems_________________________
Water pollution can have wide-ranging negative effects, including contaminating(污染) sources of drinking water, leading to/resulting in serious health problems in humans who consume it. 水污染可能会产生广泛的负面影响，包括污染饮用水源，导致饮用水的人出现严重的健康问题。
In order to feed more people, more chemicals were used to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, _______________________________________________(导致鱼类数量减少)。
Polluted water can contaminate soil, reducing its fertility and ______________________________________.
受污染的水会污染土壤，降低土壤肥力，使作物难以种植。(it作形式宾语)
[2] 气候变暖
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, _____________________________, ___________________________
(不仅造成严重破坏，还造成人命损失).
Climate scientists have warned that if we ___________________________________(不采取适当行动), this warming trend will probably continue and _________________________________(将付出更高的代价).
[3] 空气污染
______________________________ 对健康构成威胁
______________________________ has been linked to a variety of diseases such as asthma and lung cancer. Children, and elderly people are particularly vulnerable.
暴露于空气污染与哮喘和癌症等多种疾病有关。儿童和老年人尤其容易受到伤害。
Air pollution can also increase the risk of heart disease, such as heart attacks and strokes, by damaging blood vessels(血管) and increasing blood pressure.
（三）环境问题的治理措施
[1] 水污染的治理（tackle water pollution）
______________________________ 启动一项全面的倡议
construct waste water treatment facilities ______________________________________________
improve the collection and transport of household waste ____________________________
close or move dozens of polluting enterprises ____________________________________
use the media to __________________________________________ and encourage greater use of clean energy
利用媒体传播环境意识，鼓励更多地使用清洁能源
________________________________________ 定期进行检查
hold senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution (River Chief System)
___________________________________________（河长制）
__________________________________________ 对滥用权力的旅游组织进行罚款
The local government _______________________________________ regarding further industrial development. New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and ________________________________.
当地政府对进一步的工业发展制定了严格的规定。还出台了关于旅游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定。
[2] 气候变暖的治理（address the problem of global warming）
Global warming is a pressing global issue that requires effective action to mitigate its effects.
全球变暖是一个紧迫的全球问题，需要采取有效行动来减轻其影响。
__________________________________________ 采用可再生能源
promote sustainable transportation 促进可持续交通
encourage the use of public transportation 鼓励使用公共交通
choose public transportation instead of ___________________ 选择公共交通工具而不是私家车
We as individuals can also_________________________________(减少“碳足迹”) by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming.
[3] 空气污染的治理
absorb pollutants and improve air quality by planting more trees 植更多树来吸收污染物并改善空气质量
enforce strict emission standards for factories and vehicles ________________________________________
educate the public about the risks and consequences of air pollution 教育公众了解空气污染的风险和后果
Air pollution is a global issue that requires international cooperation. Countries can work together to share knowledge and implement effective measures to reduce air pollution.
翻译：应对空气污染需要个人、社区和政府的共同努力。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
二、根据括号中环境问题的提示完成翻译
[1] __________________________淡水资源危机
[2] soil and water loss/soil erosion水土流失
[3] land desertification土地荒漠化
[4] _________________________ 白色污染
[5] Carbon dioxide emission contributes to __________________________(温室效应).
[6] A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and ________________________ (不断上升的海平面)provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.
[7] Cars cause pollution, both smog and acid rain(酸雨).
[8] Additionally, N2O is the main reason to cause ozone depletion(臭氧层破坏).
[9] The global _________________________(能源短缺) has been an important issue we faced.
[10] ______________________(光污染) is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.
三、综合运用本单元词汇完成以下话题写作
A. 翻译以下短语或句子
问题/现状：
loss of biodiversity生物多样性丧失 ______________ 栖息地丧失
overuse of…/excessive use of… ______________ overpopulation n. ______________
“对…有害”相关词组:______________________________________
_________________________ 受害于…; 遭受 impair v.损害
_________________________ adj.灾难性的
“毫无疑问”词组/句型:________________________________________________
句子翻译：毫无疑问，环境受到的污染越来越严重。
________________________________________________________________________________________
解决环境问题的紧迫性：
_____________________________ 迫切需要帮助
_____________________________ 呼吁某人做某事
_____________________________ 我觉得有义务做…
Faced with the harsh reality, we should... 面对严峻的现实，我们应该…
_______________, we should shoulder the responsibilities. 尽管我们年轻，但我们应该肩负起责任。（倒装）
Immediate measures should be taken to _____________________________.
应该立即采取措施来缓解目前的严重局势。
_______________________________________ we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.
只有以这种方式，我们才能享受新鲜空气，过上健康的生活。（倒装）
As we approach a global environmental crisis, it is high time ________________________________________.
随着全球环境危机的临近，现在是我们应该保护我们挚爱的星球的时候了。
解决环境问题的常用措施：
________________________________垃圾分类 properly dispose of waste 妥善处理废物
________________________________ 培养回收和减少废弃物的习惯
voluntarily differentiate recyclable rubbish from non-recyclables 自愿区分可回收垃圾和不可回收垃圾
________________________________ 选择更环保的产品
____________________ by turning off lights and electronics 通过关闭灯光和电子设备最大限度地减少污染
句子翻译：提高我们的垃圾分类意识始终是第一位的。
___________________________________________________________________________________________.
B. 主题写作训练：参考上述表达写一篇短文。
假定你是国际学校学生李华，4月22日“世界地球日”(Earth Day)即将来临，请你代表学生会写一封倡议书，呼吁大家关爱地球。内容包括：
1. 现状说明；
2. 具体措施；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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人教版选择性必修三Unit 4 Adversity and Courage逆境与勇气(学生版)
本单元的主题：
本单元的主题是“逆境与勇气”，主要围绕英国探险家沙克尔顿及其“坚忍号”船员的南极探险展开，各板块的文本既有对客观环境的描写，也有对人物的细致刻画，旨在塑造学生的健全人格，鼓励他们勇于挑战自我，正视人生中的逆境，把握生命的价值和人生的意义。
根据语用，词汇按功能划分有以下几个方面：
逆境与挑战、方法与措施和情绪与品质
学习目标：通过本练习，你将能够
1、根据核心词汇语用功能进行主题下的分类，如逆境与挑战、方法与措施和情绪与品质等，形成语义场，进行表达与交流
2、根据中文提示完成故事短评
3、综合运用话题词汇介绍一位努力克服逆境的人或一个群体
一、 根据功能进行记忆
Adversity and challenge 逆境与挑战
ups and downs 兴衰，起落，悲欢
__________________ 遇到困难
a slim chance of success ___________________
be a struggle for sb. ____________________________
a dangerous journey/business 一次/一件危险的旅行/事情
_____________________ 酷寒/惨痛的失败
____________________ 危险无处不在
safe return uncertain 无法确保安全回来
be well and truly stuck in the ice ________________________
______________________ 被冰挤毁
______________________ 一个悲惨之地/一种悲惨的生活
sail on the rough sea _________________________
________________________________ 情况越来越糟糕
______________________ 进展不顺利
changing and extreme weather conditions 变化而又极端的天气
_______________________________________________how to survive 天气恶劣和对生存知识知之甚少
cold and damp weather 寒冷潮湿的天气
poor working conditions 恶劣的工作环境
______________________________ 发出可怕的气味
_________________________ 被汗水浸湿
give off oily, black smoke 散发出油腻的黑烟
the sweat could freeze very quickly 汗水很快结成冰
sail off-course___________________
small/low wages 薪水微薄
be forced to leave and go into exile 被迫离开并流亡
too ill to survive very long 病得太重活不了太久
suffer from …repeatedly 反复遭受
be sentenced to 被判刑
be imprisoned for +时间 _____________________
Approach and solution 方法与解决方案
perseverance n.毅力 _________________ adj. 坚忍不拔的，不屈不挠的
resolve v./n.决心 __________________ n. 决心
___________________ 放弃那艘船
____________________________ 树立/恢复自信
______________________ 保持高昂的情绪
show fighting spirit 表现出斗志
keep a positive attitude toward life _________________________
_______________________________ 迎接/敢于面对挑战
_____________________________ 克服不幸/逆境
be not allowed to take the most of ________________________ 不允许带大部分的个人物品
camp on the ice and manage to survive 冰上扎营设法生存
___________________________ 做一个彻底的调查
it takes sb a lot of energy to do sth 做...花费精力
provide sb with support and guidance 给...提供支持和指导
______________________________ 前往……求助
change the way of thinking about problems 改变思考问题的方式
deal with/cope with adversity 应对困难
stay in good spirits 保持良好的精神状态
___________________ 相信某人
__________________________ 坚持活下去
______________________________ 坚定的决心做......
think about something cheerful想一些快乐的事
__________________________ 使某人充满希望
_____________________________________________保持良好的纪律，保持忙碌，避免恐慌
_______________________________________下定决心做某事
Emotions and spirits情绪与品质
_________________________ 冒险精神
loyal, kind and calm 忠诚善良且冷静
strong, energetic and brave 强壮精力旺盛且勇敢
__________________________ 身体健康充满活力
friendly and lively ______________________
______________________________ 乐观且坚韧
be enthusiastic about 对...充满热情
__________________________________ 作为…享誉全球
feel ____________________________ that many of us can not hide our tears 如释重负，喜不自胜很多人都难掩泪水
the heart _____________________ 心跟随船沉下去
be bored with _____________________
it scared me to think that 想到...让我害怕
be troubled by 被...所困扰
stay cheerful and positive 保持积极和愉悦
____________________________ 欣喜若狂地做...事
feel low ________________
_________________________ 引起恐慌
feel so alone and desperate 感觉如此孤独与绝望
feel too depressed to continue 沮丧的无法继续
二、根据中文提示完成下面句子
Great works are performed not by____________, but ____________. ——Samuel Johnson
伟大的作品不是靠力量，而是靠坚持来完成的。 ——塞缪尔 约翰逊
_____________________________________________is a natural part of our journey to the final success. We should always _______________________________, whatever misfortunes arise.遭遇困难甚至失败是我们走向成功之旅的自然组成部分。不管发生什么不幸，我们应该始终保持积极的生活态度。
When _______________________, we all should __________________ instead of ___________ and have confidence that we can _______________________________. 当面临逆境时，我们都应该保持高昂的情绪，而不应该低迷不振，相信自己可以通过一切努力克服它们。
As a saying goes, “No cross, no crown.” So, only by ______________________________________
_____________ can we enjoy the sweet fruits of success. 俗话说，“不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？”所以，只有以坚强的意志经历许多艰难困苦，我们才能享受成功的甜蜜果实。
Their genuine concern for others, their ____________________________________________. 他们对别人的真心关怀，他们的锲而不舍以及他们的坚定的信念，让我充满希望。
Try to ________________________________________. It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere. 试着从你的错误和痛苦的失败中吸取教训。只要你坚持不懈，最终会成功的。
____________________________ kept us _______________ and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. 纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观、帮助我们积极、成功地应对恐惧感。
三、请运用上面的词汇完成以下短评
This story is about a great expedition in history.
Earnest Shackleton and his crew went aboard the ship named Endurance. Unfortunately, on the way Endurance ________________________________(完全被冰卡住), _______________________(沉入海里). ___________________________(放弃那艘船后), they escaped to Elephant Island. Shackleton _____________________________(承诺救他们), so he _____________________________________(决心去寻找帮助). Although they got into panic and ______________________________(遇见许多困难), the crew managed to survive.
What impressed me most was ____________________(坚持不懈的精神) that all the adventurous team had shown. Shackleton himself set a great example as a team leader, as he ___________________________________(扔掉所有私人物品) and shouldered the responsibility of saving all his followers. The other crew members were honorable, as well, for they ________________________(保持乐观的心态) and managed to survive without food, water and even hope for months. It was their ___________________________(强烈的意志和对他人的关心) that supported them through desperation.
The story dawns on me that determination and optimism are what it takes to conquer our fear and accomplish our goal in the face of adversity.
四、请以 The person/team in adversity为题介绍一个你曾经遇到或听到过的努力克服逆境的人或群体，写一则有关他或他们的故事，内容包括：
1. 人物的简介；
2. 如何克服逆境；
3. 对你的启发。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
人教版选择性必修三Unit 5 Poems诗歌(教师版)
本单元的主题：
本单元的主题是“诗歌”，主要介绍了几种简单的英文诗歌形式，让学生在学习和阅读一些经典的英文诗歌的同时，了解一些中外著名诗人的作品、成就和影响，使学生能够体会诗歌特有的意象、节奏、韵律之美，同时解读诗人表达的思想情感，感悟自然之美、生命之美和生活之美。
根据语用，词汇按功能划分有以下几个方面：
逆境与挑战、方法与措施和情绪与品质
学习目标：通过本练习，你将能够：
1、根据核心词汇语用功能进行主题下的分类，如逆境与挑战、方法与措施和情绪与品质等，形成语义场，进行表达与交流
2、根据中文提示完成故事短评
3、综合运用话题词汇介绍一位努力克服逆境的人或一个群体
一、 根据功能进行记忆
themes 诗歌的主题
friendship 友谊
history 历史
nature 自然
travel 旅行
the innocence of childhood _________________
a journey through life _________________
the human condition _________________
Description 对诗歌的描述
poem 诗 ______________诗歌（总称）
compose poetry _____________ __________________ 赛诗会
the __________ Tagore 诗人泰戈尔
a poem _____________________ … 一首题为……的诗
economical use of words ___________________
integrated imagery ______________________
______________________ 描绘一个意象
literary devices ___________________
flexible__________________ 灵活的诗行长度
rhyme __________________ nursery rhyme ____________
have a strong __________________有很强的节奏感
______________________ 由……组成
the golden age of poems 诗歌的黄金时代
typical features of _______________________ 中国古典诗歌的典型特征
modern poetry 现代诗歌
______________________ 涵盖一系列主题
Romantic 浪漫主义作家 romanticism 浪漫主义
Realistic 现实主义作家 realism 现实主义
_________________________language 描述性的生动语言
describe the beauty of nature _______________________
convey/express feelings such as joy and sadness __________________________________
paint a realistic picture of _____________________
from a child’s perspective 从孩子的角度
Comments 对诗歌的评价
create a special feeling 营造独特的情绪
use simple direct language _________________________
be easy to learn and recite _____________________
to the point ____________________
make sense __________________
give a clear picture 呈现清晰的画面
show a spirit of confidence and optimism __________________________
give readers vivid pictures of life 为读者呈现生动的生活画面
reflect the history and culture 反映历史和文化
win/draw sb’s admiration ____________________
________________________________________of the Tang Dynasty, …will undoubtedly live in people’s heart forever. 作为唐代最伟大的诗人之一，……无疑将永远活在人们的心中。
Whatever the form is, one thing, which cannot be denied, is that _______________________________________________________ to express our feelings. 不管诗的形式是什么，有一件事是不可否认的，那就是诗是表达我们情感的最有力的工具之一。
You need to _______________________________ the history of the Tang Dynasty to appreciate the poem well. 要欣赏好这首诗，你需要对唐朝的历史有一个简要的了解。
The _________ written by Wang Bo “A Bosom friend afar brings a distant land near” wipes away the sorrow of departure and has become a famous saying to express friendship. 王勃的这句诗“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”抹去了离别的悲伤，成为表达友谊的名言。
Influence 诗歌的影响
have a chance to broaden my horizons__________________________
_____________________________________丰富人的精神世界
contribute to cultivating students' imagination_______________________________
______________________ 振奋人们的精神
Only by reading it repeatedly ________________________________. 只有反复阅读我们才能领会这首诗的精神。
Tang poetry is _________________________________________ and plays an important part in Chinese culture. 唐诗是中国传统文学的象征，在中国文化中起主要的作用。
Once you have inspiration, you can then _________________________________. 一旦你有了灵感，你就可以把你的想法写成一首诗。
Reading at least one poem a day has been like an intellectual vitamin, giving me a small dose of literary nutrition even on busy days. 每天至少读一首诗已经像一种智力维生素一样，即使在繁忙的日子里，也给我小剂量的文学营养。
You ________________________________ the traditional Chinese culture.你一定会体验到中国的传统文化。
I’m ___________________________________, reminding me to seize every chance to do what we should before it’s too late in our life. 我被这首诗深深地打动了，它提醒我，在我们的生活中，要趁还来得及的时候抓住每次机遇去做该做的事情。
_________________ do some classic works offer us joy and excitement, ____________ they encourage us to think critically. 一些经典作品不仅能让我们喜悦和幸福，而且还鼓励我们批判性地思考。
The great thing about art is that it can have lots of different meanings or seemingly no meaning at all and can still be enjoyed. 艺术的伟大之处在于，它可以有很多不同的含义或者似乎毫无意义，但仍然可以被欣赏。
二、 运用上面词块完成对于诗歌的描述
1. ________________________ (题为……的诗歌)Sympathy on the Farmers is written by Li Shen in the Tang Dynasty, which ______________________ (受欢迎)among Chinese people.
2. This poem _______________________________ (表达了作者的悲伤) being far from his home and family.这首诗。
3. ______________________________________ （这首诗的氛围相当忧伤）because the author is saying goodbye to his friend, not knowing how long he will be away.
4. In the poem “How Do I Love Thee”, the poem Elizabeth Barret Browning __________________________________(用不同的方式表达了她的爱).
5. __________________________________________(虽然文字简单易懂), she expresses her feelings so powerfully that______________________________(我印象深刻).
6. It _______________ at the end of each line. 它在每行的末尾押韵。
7. The aim of the activity is to inherit and popularize traditional Chinese culture through ancient Chinese poetry, whose ______________ (韵律) is harmonious, meaning abundant and words concise.
三、 主题写作
假定你是李华，为了激发学生的英语学习兴趣，上周五你班举行了英语诗歌创作大赛。请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 赛前准备（了解诗歌形式等）
2. 比赛情况（作品展示、比赛结果等）
3. 活动效果

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