暑假复习—— 牛津译林版八年级下册Unit7 -8基础知识汇总

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暑假复习—— 牛津译林版八年级下册Unit7 -8基础知识汇总

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暑假复习——8B U7-8基础知识汇总
知识点
U7
1. leave
①left作动词leave的过去分词,意为“剩下,余下”,作后置定语。
There be sth. left或sb. have sth. left,表示“有…留下/剩下,剩下某物”。
②表示离开、出发去某地。
leave sp. for sp.
③leave作使役动词,表示使/让…保持某种状态。
Leave the door open.
③作留下、丢下、落下,常表示某物落在/忘在某地。
You’d better leave your address and telephone number.
2. It’s time for... 到…的时间了。
It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了
It’s time to have dinner. =It’s time for dinner.
lt’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了,某人该做某事了
It’s time for them to take action to help ocean animals.
3. education n. 教育
它的形容词形式是,意为“教育的,有教育意义的”,
它的动词形式是,意为“教育,培养”,
“教育某人做某事”,
educator 作名词,意为“教育家”。
4. equal
①作形容词,意为“平等的”。
②作形容词,还可意为“相同的,相等的;能胜任的”。
be equal to... 等于,等同;能胜任
Tom is equal to Jim in height.
③作及物动词,意为“与.…相等,等于”。
Three plus six equals nine.
5. right n.权利
the right of sb. 某人的权利
the right to do sth. 做某事的权利。
6. prevent sb (from) doing sth = stop / keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
7. spread
①n. 扩散;分布;展开 the spread of.... ....的扩散
②v. 展开,传播;散布 spread the news
8. afford v. 买得起;能做;承担
①+名词,
②afford to do sth 承担得起做某事。
can’t afford to do sth.=don’t have enough money to do sth.
9. proud adj. 自豪的,骄傲的”,它的名词形式是,意为“自豪,骄傲”。
be proud of... = take pride in... 为...感到自豪
be proud to do sth 为做某事而自豪
10. medicine n. 医学,药
它的形容词是 ,意为“医学的,医药的”。
modern medicine现代医学
take the medicine吃药
11. develop v. 发展;加强
develop into... 发展成...
developingadj.发展中的
developedadj.发达的
developmentn.发展
12. carry on with sth继续做某事
= carry on doing sth
= go on doing sth
= continue doing sth
13. hold
①举行 =have hold / have the sports meeting
②容纳 The classroom can hold over 100students.
③握住,抓住hold one’s hand
14. 辨析include,including与included
include作动词,意为“包括,包含",侧重指被包含着的是整体的一部分。
including作介词,位于所说明的名词或代词之前,含有补充说明之意,其前常用逗号隔开,不能作谓语。
included作形容词,表示“包括在内的”,位于所修饰的名词或代词之后。
His writings include poetry and prose.
Chinese knots are used to express good wishes, including happiness, love, peace and so on.
We all went, my sister included.
15. What’s the matter 怎么了?
what’s the matter (with sb?)
= What’s wrong (with sb)
= What’s the trouble (with sb)
= What’s happened (to sb)
16. make up one's mind to do sth.=make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.决定做某事
U8
1. dig v.挖(洞,坑等)
过去式和过去分词都是
dig for挖掘,为...而挖 dig out挖出
2. serious adj. 认真的,严肃的;严重的
be serious about sb/sth 对某人/某事是认真的
be serious about doingsth对做某事认真
3. reduce v.减少,降低
reduce sthby... 把某物减少了....
reduce sth (from...) to...把某物(从...)减少到...
4. cause v. 导致,相当于lead to; n. 理由,原因
cause sb. to do导致某人做某事
cause sb. sth.给某人造成…
5. separate v. 分开,隔开
be separated into被分成
separate...into把....分成
separate... from...把...开;把...分离”。
6. allow v. 允许,准许
①allow sb. (not) to do sth. 允许某人(不)做某事
②allow doing sth.允许做某事
③be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事
7. punish v. 处罚,惩罚
punish sb. for( doing )sth.因(做)某事处罚某人
8. finev. 罚款
fine sb. for (doing)sth.因(做)某事对某人罚款
9. depend on依靠;取决于;视….而定, 相当于depend upon
depend on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事
That/It depends. 依情况而定,看情况。
10. produce v. 导致,产生
producer是可数名词,意为“生产者,制造者”;
production是不可数名词,意为“产量,生产”。
11. difference n. 差异,不同之处
其形容词形式为different,其副词形式为differently
tell the difference between…指出…的差别
I can never tell the difference between the twins.
make a difference to 对…产生影响
What you read can make a difference to the way you think.
make no difference to 对…没有影响
The rain yesterday made no difference to our trip.
12. pollution n. 污染;污染物
它的动词形式是,意为“污染”。
pollute sth with sth 某物受到某物的污染
13. harm
作动词,意为“伤害,损害”;
作不可数名词,意为“伤害”。
do harm to...= be harmful to对...有害
14. act to do sth = take action to do sth采取行动做某事
15. living/alive/lively/live/living
living adj. 活着的 活的 作定语 修饰人\物livingsth/sb 强调“尚在人间,健在”这一现状
alive 活着的 作表语、补足语、后置定语 与“死”dead相对 多用于指人,也可指物 be alive make sb/sth alive sth/sb alive
lively 活泼的 有生气的 作表语、定语、宾语补足语 用来修饰或补充说明人或物
live v. 生活 常与介词in连用
adv 现场直播地 常用作状语,修饰动词
living n. 生计、谋生 make a living谋生
16. in place在正确位置
in the place在那个地方
in one’s place = in place of sb 代替某人
take the place of...代替...
17. step n. 步骤,措施
take steps to do sth采取措施做某事
step by step一步步地
语法点
被动语态
基本结构:
①一般现在时:am/is/are+动词的过去分词
②一般过去时:was/were +动词的过去分词
③情态动词:情态动词+be+动词的过去分词
④一般将来时:① will be +动词的过去分词 ② am/ is /are going to + be + 动词的过去分词
【注意】
①如果主动句中有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语),可以把其中一个变为被动句的主语。若直接宾语(表示物的宾语)作被动句的主语,则在被动句中,原间接宾语(表示人的宾语)前要加介词to/for。
He passed me a book.
=A book was passed to me.
②在主动语态中,make、hear、see、watch、notice等感官动词和使役动词后不接带to的动词不定式作
宾语补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to。
The teacher often makes us retell the story.
=We are often made to retell the story.
③不及物动词和连系动词没有被动语态。
The music sounds nice.
The pen writes smoothly.
一般将来时的被动语态
基本结构
肯定句:will be done/be going to be done
否定句:will not be done/be not going to be done
一般疑问句:--Will...be done.. --Yes...will./No...won’t.
--Be...going to be done... --Yes...is/am/are./No...isn’t/am not/aren’t.
用法
①表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动动作
The new film will be shown next Friday.
②在时间、条件状语从句中,主将从现(从句:一般现在时的被动语态)
If I am given enough time, I will go to Hainan for my holiday.
③表示有固定性条件就会有规律性被动结果
If you talk in class, you will be punished.

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