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榆林实验中学2022—2023年度第一学期期末考试
高二年级英语试题
说明：1、本试题满分：120分，考试时间：90分钟 。
2、所有答案必须写在答题卡上，写在试题和草稿纸上无效。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题3分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Best Places to Visit in the UK
United Kingdom has long been a popular European tourist place for many because of its beautiful countryside, historic cities, top museums and outstanding theaters. Here are some of the best places to visit in the UK.
Cambridge
Cambridge is a beautiful English city located on the River Cam just north of London. As the home to one of the world’s top universities, the University of Cambridge, it has all of the cultural and entertainment choices you might expect from a college town.
Chester
Located on the River Dee in Cheshire, England, Chester is more than 2,000 years old, which means there is plenty of history, culture and architecture lasting several centuries. The ancient walls around the city are one of Chester’s biggest tourist attractions.
Stonehenge
One of the most famous sites in the world,Stonehenge consists of earthworks surrouding a circular setting of large standing stone in southwest England.It is also home to some of the most important Neolithic and Bronze Age finds and structures in the UK. It was not until 1600 BC that Stonehenge came to be completed.
Lake Distric
Located in northwest England, the Lake District is the second largest National Park in the UK. The main attractions are the lakes, mountains and hills. It is England’s famous destination for hiking and climbing.
1. What will you do in Cambridge
A. Do various shopping. B. Meet famous people.
C. Visit the top university. D. Enjoy wonderful music.
2. Which destination will you choose if you want to go hiking
A. Cambridge. B. Chester. C. Stonehenge. D. Lake district.
3. What is the purpose of the test
A. to compare four tourist attractions in the UK
B. to encourage people to have a holiday in the UK
C. to list some of the best holiday activities in the UK
D. to recommend some tourist attractions in the UK
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文。主要向读者介绍4个英国最佳的旅游胜地。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As the home to one of the world’s top universities, the University of Cambridge”作为世界顶尖大学之一，剑桥大学，所在地，可知，在剑桥游客们可以参观世界顶尖大学——剑桥大学。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is England’s famous destination for hiking and climbing.”它是英国最著名的徒步和登山圣地，可知，喜欢徒步旅行的人可以去Lake Distric。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are some of the best places to visit in the UK.”下面是一些在英国可以参观的最棒的地方，可知，这篇文章的写作目的是向读者介绍一些英国最佳的旅游胜地。故选D项。
B
Born in New York in 1918, scientist Gertrude B. Elion had an impressive career, during which she developed medicines to cure many major diseases. Elion spent her early youth in Manhattan. She attended senior high school and had, in her words, an unbelievable thirst for knowledge.
Influenced by the death of her grandfather, who died of cancer, Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19. She had difficulty finding employment after graduation because many laboratories refused to hire women chemists. She found a part-time job as a lab assistant and went back to school at New York University. Elion worked as a high school teacher for a few years after finishing work on her master’s degree.
The start of World War II created more opportunities for women. At the age of 26, Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Welcome, where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr. George H. Hitchings. Her thirst for knowledge impressed Dr. Hitchings, and he permitted her to take on more responsibility.
Elion and Hitchings set out on a course of creating medicines by studying the chemical composition of diseased cells. Rather than relying on old trial-and-error methods, they used the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens(病原体)to design medicines. In all, Elion obtained 45 patents on medicine and was awarded 23 honorary degrees.
In 1988, Elion received the Nobel Prize for Medicine, together with George H. Hlitchings and Sir James Black. She received other awards for her work, including the National Medal of Science in 1991, and that same year, she became the first woman to be absorbed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 1997, she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.
4. What can we say about Elion as a high school student
A. She had a satisfying part-time job.
B. She had a strong desire for learning.
C. She had a gift for chemistry at high school.
D. She made great achievements in chemistry.
5. Why did Elion choose to study chemistry at college
A. To meet her grandfather’s wish.
B. To find a good job after graduation.
C. To create medicines to cure diseases.
D. To be a chemistry teacher in the future.
6. When did Elion started working for Burroughs Welcome
A. In 1944. B. In 1937. C. In 1933. D. In 1984.
7. What does the author mainly tell us about Elion in the last paragraph
A. Her later life. B. Her contributions.
C. Her interest in chemistry. D. Her honors.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Gertrude B.Elion的求学及令人印象深刻的职业生涯，并且介绍了她最终取得的成就。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“She attended senior high school and had, in her words, an unbelievable thirst for knowledge.”（她上了高中，并且用她的话来说，她有一种难以置信的求知欲。）可知，作为一名高中生，Elion有强烈的求知欲。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Influenced by the death of her grandfather, who died of cancer, Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19.”（受祖父死于癌症的影响，Elion15岁进入亨特学院，19岁毕业于化学专业。），结合后文她与Hitchings一起研究患病细胞的化学成分来制造药物的课程，之后或诺贝尔奖可以推断Elion选择在大学里学习化学的原因是：要创造药物去治疗疾病。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。结合文章第一句“Born in New York in 1918, scientist Gertrude B. Elion had an impressive career”（1918年出生于纽约的科学家Gertrude B. Elion有着令人印象深刻的职业生涯），文章第三段第二句“At the age of 26, Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Welcome, where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr. George H. Hitchings.”（26岁的时候，Elion在Burrough Welcome找到了一份工作，在那里她与George H.Hitchings博士建立了40年的合作关系。），可以推断Elion在1944年开始为Burroughs Welcome工作的。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In 1988, Elion received the Nobel Prize for Medicine, together with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black. She received other awards for her work, including the National Medal of Science in 1991, and that same year, she became the first woman to be absorbed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 1997, she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.”（1988年，Elion与George H. Hitchings和Sir James Black一起获得诺贝尔医学奖。她因其工作获得了其他奖项，包括1991年的国家科学奖章，同年，她成为第一位进入国家发明家名人堂的女性。1997年，她被授予麻省理工学院莱默森终身成就奖。），可知在最后一段中，作者主要告诉我们关于Elion的荣誉。故选D。
C
The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it’s also getting greener. According to a new research, the rise is largely because of China and India. A study by NASA, based on extensive satellite imagery, has revealed that the two countries with the world’s biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in green plants.
A third of the leaf increase is attributable to China and India, due to the implementation of major tree planting projects as well as a vast increase in agriculture. “China and India account for one-third of the greening, but contain only 9% of the planet’s land area covered in vegetation — a surprising finding, considering the large populations in the countries need much land,” Chi Chen, the study’s lead author said in a statement.
Between 2000 and 2017, a NASA sensor gathered data of the Earth’s surface from aboard two satellites, the Terra and the Aqua. Using the data, researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area, despite possessing only 6. 6% of the world’s vegetated area. Forests account for 42% of that increase, while croplands make up a further 32%. China’s increase in forest area is the result of forest conservation and expansion programs, established to combat the impacts of climate change and air pollution.
Rama Nemani, a researcher at NASA’s Ames Research Center, said in a statement, “When the greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance. Now, with the data, we see that humans are also contributing,” Nemani said. “This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.”
8. What can we get from the new research by NASA
A. China and India should be responsible for the world’s climate crisis.
B. China and India have the biggest populations and the most green plants.
C. The Earth no longer faces a climate crisis because of China and India’s efforts.
D. China and India make a contribution to the Earth’s increasing greening.
9. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph
A. The increased croplands.
B. The protection of the forests.
C. The impacts of climate.
D. The greening of the Earth.
10. What is the best title of the passage
A. The Earth is Facing a Climate Crisis.
B. China and India Cause the Climate Change.
C. NASA Released a Report on Air Pollution.
D. China and India are Making the Earth Greener.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。地球正面临着气候危机，但它也越来越绿了。根据一项新的研究，增长主要是由于中国和印度。NASA根据广泛的卫星图像进行的一项研究表明，这两个人口最多的国家也是绿色植物数量增长最大的原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“A study by NASA, based on extensive satellite imagery, has revealed that the two countries with the world’s biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in green plants.(美国国家航空航天局基于大量卫星图像进行的一项研究显示，世界上人口最多的两个国家也是绿色植物增长最多的国家)”可知，中国和印度为地球日益绿化做出了贡献。故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Rama Nemani, a researcher at NASA’s Ames Research Center, said in a statement, “When the greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance.(美国国家航空航天局艾姆斯研究中心的研究员拉玛·内曼尼在一份声明中表示，当我们第一次观察到地球变绿时，我们认为这是由于大气中二氧化碳的增加导致气候更加温暖、湿润，例如，导致北部森林的树叶生长更多)”可知，it指代的是上文提及的the greening of the Earth(地球变绿)”。故选D。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it’s also getting greener. According to a new research, the rise is largely because of China and India. A study by NASA, based on extensive satellite imagery, has revealed that the two countries with the world’s biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in green plants.(地球正面临着气候危机，但它也变得越来越环保。根据一项新的研究，这一增长主要是由于中国和印度。美国国家航空航天局基于大量卫星图像进行的一项研究显示，世界上人口最多的两个国家也是绿色植物增长最多的国家)”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国和印度在地球变绿过程中的重要作用。由此可知，D项“China and India are Making the Earth Greener(中国和印度正在让地球变得更绿)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题, 每小题2分, 满分10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It is a war without guns, bombs, or smoke. A new coronavirus, a deadly disease, breaks out all over the world. What should you do to keep yourself from this virus ____11____.
Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub
It is quite necessary to clean your hands with soap and water completely for at least 20 seconds before you have meals and after using the toilet, especially after you return home. ____12____, you’d better wash your hands with alcohol-based rub. Viruses can spread from human contact with animals, so this is very important.
Cover nose and mouth while coughing and sneezing
When it comes to human to human transmission (传播) of the viruses, it often happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person’s secretions (分泌物), such as droplets (飞沫) in a cough. ____13____, you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue. Or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve. Avoid covering with your hand directly.
____14____
Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected. Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin. If you are not feeling well or have symptoms of fever, a mask is needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others.
Take exercise regularly
____15____. It can strengthen your heart and ensure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body. Besides, it can also improve your immune system, to some degree making it helpful to get away from the viruses and illnesses.
All in all, if you have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection, you must seek immediate medical attention.
A. Wear masks
B. See a doctor
C. When you cough or sneeze
D. If you want to take exercise, you should get up early
E. Here are some suggestions you can follow in your daily life
F If you are not careful enough to contact with animals or deal with animal wastes
G. Taking exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to stay away from the virus
【答案】11. E 12. F 13. C 14. A 15. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种日常生活中让自己远离新冠病毒的方法。
【11题详解】
分析设空，位于第一段的段尾，起到引起下文的作用，再根据前文“What should you do to keep yourself from this virus (你应该怎么做才能让自己远离这种病毒 )”可知，E项“Here are some suggestions you can follow in your daily life(这里有一些建议，你可以在日常生活中遵循)”是对前一句的回答，并起到引出下文的作用，符合文意。故选E项。
【12题详解】
分析设空可知，空后是逗号，后接一句话（主句），该空属于从句句型，所以选项C，D和F符合要求，再根据后文“Viruses can spread from human contact with animals, so this is very important.(病毒可以通过人与动物的接触传播，所以这一点非常重要)”可知，此处是在讲病毒可以通过人与动物的接触传播，所以F项“If you are not careful enough to contact with animals or deal with animal wastes(如果你不小心接触动物或处理动物粪便)”符合文意。故选F项。
【13题详解】
分析设空可知，空后是逗号，后接一句话（主句），该空属于从句句型，所以选项C，D和F符合要求，再根据后文“Or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve. Avoid covering with your hand directly.(或者你可以用袖子咳嗽或打喷嚏。避免直接用手捂住)”可知，此处是在讲咳嗽或打喷嚏时，应捂住口鼻，所以C项“When you cough or sneeze(当你咳嗽或打喷嚏时)”符合文意。故选C项。
【14题详解】
分析设空可知，空处应是小标题，是对本段的高度概括，根据后文“Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected. Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin. If you are not feeling well or have symptoms of fever, a mask is needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others.(戴口罩是保护你免受感染的最有效方法之一。确保正确佩戴，收紧鼻夹，并将底部拉到下巴上方。如果你感觉不舒服或有发烧的症状，就需要戴口罩，以防把细菌传染给别人)”可知，本段主要是在讲戴口罩，所以A项“Wear masks(戴上口罩)”符合文意。故选A项。
【15题详解】
根据本段小标题“Take exercise regularly(经常锻炼)”可知，本段主要是讲锻炼对预防病毒的好处，所以G项“Taking exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to stay away from the virus(经常锻炼是远离病毒的最重要方法之一)”是对小标题的进一步补充说明，其中Taking exercise regularly为同词复现。故选G项。
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题, 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant. We ___16___ hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our ___17___ came, I started walking towards an empty table. By bad luck, my purse strap (带子) got ___18___ on a chair and the tray (托盘) that I was holding slipped ___19___ my hands and went flying in the air. The tray, and its contents, ___20___ on a man who was just about to ___21___ a bite of his sandwich. I stared, greatly ___22___, as the drinks soaked (浸湿) his white shirt.
Then I ___23___ my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of ___24___ Instead, he said “It’s OK” to_ ____25____ me before he disappeared into the washroom.
Still shaky and unsure ____26____ to do next, my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look ____27____ A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and ____28____ our table, my heart almost stopped ____29____ I thought he was going to ask for my father’s ____30____ and call him.
　　To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said, “ ____31____ yourself new hamburgers. ”He then walked ____32____ without even finishing his food.
　　He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse, ____33____ he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still ____34____ in this world. I will never ____35____ his actions.
16. A. ordered B. made C. arranged D. demanded
17. A. food B. turn C. bill D. menu
18. A. fixed B. caught C. cut D. tied
19. A. by B. in C. from D. out
20. A. knocked B. fell C. stood D. hung
21. A. take B. taste C. swallow D. chew
22. A. discouraged B. disappointed C. shocked D. annoyed
23. A. rolled B. rubbed C. narrowed D. closed
24. A. bitterness B. anxiety C. anger D. sorrow
25. A. satisfy B. comfort C. encourage D. praise
26. A. how B. who C. what D. which
27. A. mild B. honest C. calm D. modest
28. A. pushed B. approached C. drew D. laid
29. A. beating B. breaking C. sinking D. trembling
30. A. help B. position C. number D. job
31. A. Prepare B. Buy C. Find D. Cook
32. A. on B. around C. up D. away
33. A. so B. since C. although D. but
34. A. kindness B. happiness C. politeness D. brightness
35. A. forget B. refuse C. oppose D. ignore
【答案】16. A 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友在快餐店就餐时发生了一件意外的事，但事情的结果却使他感触颇深。
16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在柜台处点了汉堡和可乐。A. ordered命令，点餐；B. made制造；C. arranged安排；D. demanded要求。根据“To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant.”可知，为了庆祝考试的结束，作者和朋友们去快餐店吃饭，因此是在柜台处点餐。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们的食物出来时，我朝空桌子走去。A. food食物；B. turn转向；C. bill账单；D. menu菜单。由首句铺垫的背景知道是点餐吃饭的话题，再根据上一句点餐之后，自然是指作者和朋友们所点的食物来了。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我的手提包的带子被椅子挂住，手里的托盘滑出去，飞到空中。A. fixed固定，修理；B. caught卡住，挂住；C. cut切，割；D. tied系，捆。注意此动作前方的名词为strap，后面跟着的是on a chair“在椅子上”，所以本句句意应该为“钱包上的带子被卡在了椅子上”，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我的手提包的带子被椅子挂住，手里的托盘滑出去，飞到空中。A. by通过；B. in在里面；C. from从；D. out在外。下一句中说“in the air”，说明此时盘子已经“脱手”了，“from my hand”表示托盘从作者手中飞了出去，方向性介词“从”，要用from。故选 C。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：托盘从手中滑落，盘子里的东西洒在了一位客人身上。A. knocked敲；B. fell掉下；C. stood站；D. hung悬挂。根据“went flying in the air.”可知，托盘从手中滑落，盘子的东西洒在了一位客人身上。fell on：掉在。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：托盘从手中滑落，盘子里的东西洒在了一位正准备吃三明治的客人身上。A. take拿；B. taste品尝；C. swallow吞咽；D. chew咀嚼。结合句意，此处考查固定短语take a bite“咬一口，吃”。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到饮料浸湿了他的白色的衬衫，我感到非常震惊。A. discouraged泄气的；B. disappointed失望的；C. shocked震惊；D. annoyed恼火的。根据“as the drinks soaked (浸湿) his white shirt.”可知作者将食物泼洒在客人身上后感到很是震惊。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我闭上了眼睛的同时准备承受那位客人的怒火。A. rolled转动；B. rubbed摩擦；C. narrowed使变窄；D. closed闭上。根据“and prepared myself for his burst of___9__”可知作者准备承受那位客人的怒火。因此很害怕，就闭上眼睛。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我闭上了眼睛的同时准备承受那位客人的怒火。A. bitterness痛苦；B. anxiety焦虑；C. anger生气；D. sorrow悲痛。根据常识和“Then I___8___my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of”可知，作者闭上了眼睛准备承受那位客人的怒火。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他安慰我：“没关系的”，然后去洗手间。A. satisfy使满意；B. comfort安慰；C. encourage鼓励；D. praise表扬。结合主干“Instead, he said “It’s OK”，”说明是为了安慰作者，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查特殊疑问词词义辨析。句意：我仍旧颤抖，不能确定做什么，只能走到餐桌前坐下，尽力显得平静。A. how怎样；B. who谁；C. what什么；D. which哪一个。此处指作者不知道接下来做什么，所以用what。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我仍旧颤抖，不能确定做什么，我们只能走到餐桌前坐下，尽力显得平静。A. mild温和的；B. honest诚实的；C. calm平静的；D. modest谦逊的。根据“trying our best to look”可知作者和朋友们尽力镇定下来。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：片刻以后，那位客人从洗手间走出来，朝我们的桌子走来，我的心几乎停止跳动。A. pushed推；B. approached接近；C. drew画；D. laid放，搁。根据“my heart almost stopped”可知，那位客人从洗手间走出来，朝作者和朋友的桌子走来。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：片刻以后，那位客人从洗手间走出来，朝我们的桌子走来，我的心几乎停止跳动。A. beating跳动，击打；B. breaking打破；C. sinking下沉；D. trembling颤抖。表达：心脏有规律地跳动，只能用beat。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我原以为他过来要我父亲的电话号码，给他打电话。A. help帮助；B. position位置；C. number号码，数字；D. job工作。根据“call him.”可知，要打电话，必须要电话号码。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，他微笑着递给我一些现金，说：“你买一个新的汉堡吧”。A. Prepare准备；B. Buy买；C. Find找到；D. Cook做饭。根据“handed us some cash”可知，他让作者用这些钱去买一个新的汉堡。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他甚至没有吃完食物就离开了。A. on继续；B. around周围；C. up向上；D. away离开。根据“without even finishing his food.”可知，没有吃完他点的餐，他就离开了。walk away 表示离开。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：他本可能让不愉快的处境更加恶化，但是他选择了不同的方式，让我们有理由相信在这个世界上，仍然有友好。A. so因此；B. since因为，既然；C. although尽管；D. but但是。空格前有uncomfortable，而后面却说了different way，故前后句子是转折关系用but，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他本可能让不愉快的处境更加恶化，但是他选择了不同的方式，让我们有理由相信在这个世界上，仍然有友好。A. kindness友好；B. happiness幸福；C. politeness礼貌；D. brightness明亮。根据上文故事的描述，展现在眼前的是一位和蔼大度的人物形象，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：永远不会忘记这位男士的举止行为。A. forget忘记；B. refuse拒绝；C. oppose反对；D. ignore忽略。结合本文是一篇回忆性的小文章，故最后表达的是永远不会忘记这位男士的举止行为。故选A。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题, 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ___36___ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___37___ some of them looked very anxious and ___38___ (disappoint).When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ___39___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ___40___ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ___41___ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept___42___ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s___43___ (I).”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Everyone on the bus began talking about___44___ the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers____45____ (sudden) became friendly to one another.
【答案】36. being
37. and 38. disappointed
39. to 40. caught
41. to stop
42. riding 43. me##mine
44. what 45. suddenly
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者乘坐公交的途中发现一名骑自行车男孩一直追赶公交，但是司机拒绝到下一站之前中途停车，最后发现是男孩捡到了车上一位女士的手提箱，想要归还才一直追车。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我在公共汽车站等车，担心上学迟到。动词短语Worry about doing sth.“担心做某事”，介词后跟动名词。故填being。
【37题详解】
考查连词。句意：许多人在公共汽车站等车，并且其中一些人看起来很焦虑，很失望。前后两个为两个完整的句子，且为并列关系，故用连词and。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：其中一些人看起来很焦虑，很失望。此处修饰上文中的“一些人”，用-ed结尾形容词修饰，故填disappointed。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：我找到了一个靠窗地方。介词短语next to sth.“临近某物”，表方位，故填to。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：一个骑自行车的男孩引起了我的注意。本句缺少谓语，与主语boy构成主谓关系，且故事发生在过去，需用一般过去时。故填caught。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我听到后面有一名乘客对司机大喊，但他拒绝停下来，直到我们到达下一站。动词短语refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”后跟不定式，故填to stop。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管如此，男孩还是坚持骑着。由下文he was carrying可知男孩一直拿着东西在骑车，Keep doing sth.“继续；一直做某事”故填riding。
【43题详解】
考查人称代词。句意：车上的一个女人喊道:“哦，天哪!是我！此处可用人称代词指“是我丢了东西”，也可用名词性物主代词指“是我的东西”。故填me或者mine。
【44题详解】
考查名词性从句连接词。句意：公共汽车上的每个人都开始谈论那个男孩所做的事。本空为句子做介词about的宾语，从句中缺少had done 的宾语，故选择连接代词，且此处指“男孩捡到女人手提箱”这件事，故用what。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：这群陌生人突然变得友好起来。本空修饰后文的动词become，需要用副词形式，故填suddenly。
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题, 每小题1分, 满分10分)
46. 假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Some international students visit our school last week. To help them better understanding our tea-drinking culture, I took them to the tea room in our school and introduced history of tea-making and tea culture to them. All the international student were quite interested in my introduction. Then I showed them what to make tea. I sat at a table, slowly explain every step of the process while making tea. All of them were very amazed that they couldn’t wait to have a try ourselves. Soon the atmosphere in the tea room became well and we had a lot of fun practising making tea. In the end, we took a group photo to memorize the moment we won’t forget it.
【答案】1. visit→visited 2. understanding→understand 3. 在history前加the 4.student→students 5. what→how 6. explain→explaining 7. very→so 8.ourselves→themselves 9. well→good 10. 删除it
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了作者向国际学生介绍茶文化，教他们茶艺的故事。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：上周一些国际学生参观了我们学校。根据时间状语last week可知，此处描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时态。故将visit改为visited。
2.考查不带to的不定式。句意：为了帮助他们更好地了解饮茶文化，我带他们去了我们学校的茶室，向他们介绍了泡茶和茶文化的历史。help sb. (to) do sth.固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，to也可省略。故将understanding改为understand。
3.考查冠词。句意：同上。根据of tea-making可知，表示泡茶的历史，在history前要加定冠词the，表示特指。故在history前加the。
4.考查名词的数。句意：所有的国际学生都对我的介绍很感兴趣。根据句首的All可知，此处应用可数名词student的复数形式。故将student改为students。
5.考查疑问词。句意：然后我教他们如何泡茶。根据句意可知，作者教国际学生如何泡茶，what (什么)应改为how (如何)，用“疑问词+不定式结构”作宾语。故将what改为how。
6.考查现在分词。句意：我坐在一张桌子旁，一边泡茶，一边慢慢解释这一过程的每一步。分析句子可知，逗号后面的部分作句子的状语，逻辑主语I和非谓语动词explain构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故将explain改为explaining。
7.考查状语从句。句意：他们所有人都非常惊讶，迫不及待地想自己试一试。so… that...是固定句式，意为“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句，so修饰形容词amazed，故将very改为so。
8.考查反身代词。句意：同上。根据句意可知，此处指“他们自己迫不及待地想试一试”，主语是第三人称复数they，故反身代词也应用第三人称复数形式。故将ourselves改为themselves。
9.考查形容词。句意：很快，茶室里的气氛变得很好，我们练习泡茶时玩得很开心。分析句子可知，句子主语是the atmosphere，谓语是系动词became，其后应跟形容词good (好的)作表语，形容词well (健康的、身体好的)不合句意。故将well改为good。
10.考查定语从句。句意：最后，我们拍了一张合影，以纪念我们不会忘记的那一刻。分析句子可知，本句含有一个省略关系代词that/whcih的限制性定语从句，先行词是the moment，关系代词that/whcih在定语从句中作forget的宾语。在定语从句中，不能重复使用与关系词（或先行词）指代相同的人称代词。故删除it。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
47. 假定你是李华，你的朋友Jerry和你约好寒假到上海游玩，但你因故不能陪同。请你根据以下要点用英语给他写一封邮件道歉，内容包括：
1. 表示歉意；
2. 说明无法陪同的情况；
3. 另约时间。
注意：1.词数100词左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jerry,
I am writing to convey my sincere apology to you for not being able to accompany you to Shanghai during the winter vacation. I have made fully preparations though.
With the approaching of College Entrance Examination in China, you know, I will attend an English Winter Camp held in Peking University, lasting about 2 weeks. Since it can do me a lot of benefits to my study, I can not give it up. What’s more, my grandmother’s 70th birthday party is around the corner, which is of great significance for our large family, meaning I can’t be absent.
I have to express my sorrow again and I do hope that we can meet in the next summer vacation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，你的朋友Jerry和你约好寒假到上海游玩，但你因故不能陪同。请你根据以下要点用英语给他写一封邮件道歉，内容包括：1. 表示歉意；2. 说明无法陪同的情况；3. 另约时间。
【详解】1.词汇积累
表达：convey→express
诚挚的：sincere→earnest
重要：significance→importance
此外：What’s more=Besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing to convey my sincere apology to you for not being able to accompany you to Shanghai during the winter vacation. I have made fully preparations, though.
拓展句：I am writing to convey my sincere apology to you for not being able to accompany you to Shanghai during the winter vacation, for which I have made fully preparations, though.
【点睛】[高分句型1] What’s more, my grandmother’s 70th birthday party is around the corner, which is of great significance for our large family, meaning I can’t be absent. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句及现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] I have to express my sorrow again and I do hope that we can meet in the next summer vacation.(运用了do强调谓语动词及that引导的宾语从句)榆林实验中学2022—2023年度第一学期期末考试
高二年级英语试题
说明：1、本试题满分：120分，考试时间：90分钟 。
2、所有答案必须写在答题卡上，写在试题和草稿纸上无效。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题3分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Best Places to Visit in the UK
United Kingdom has long been a popular European tourist place for many because of its beautiful countryside, historic cities, top museums and outstanding theaters. Here are some of the best places to visit in the UK.
Cambridge
Cambridge is a beautiful English city located on the River Cam just north of London. As the home to one of the world’s top universities, the University of Cambridge, it has all of the cultural and entertainment choices you might expect from a college town.
Chester
Located on the River Dee in Cheshire, England, Chester is more than 2,000 years old, which means there is plenty of history, culture and architecture lasting several centuries. The ancient walls around the city are one of Chester’s biggest tourist attractions.
Stonehenge
One of the most famous sites in the world,Stonehenge consists of earthworks surrouding a circular setting of large standing stone in southwest England.It is also home to some of the most important Neolithic and Bronze Age finds and structures in the UK. It was not until 1600 BC that Stonehenge came to be completed.
Lake Distric
Located in northwest England, the Lake District is the second largest National Park in the UK. The main attractions are the lakes, mountains and hills. It is England’s famous destination for hiking and climbing.
1. What will you do in Cambridge
A. Do various shopping. B. Meet famous people.
C. Visit the top university. D. Enjoy wonderful music.
2. Which destination will you choose if you want to go hiking
A. Cambridge. B. Chester. C. Stonehenge. D. Lake district.
3. What is the purpose of the test
A. to compare four tourist attractions in the UK
B to encourage people to have a holiday in the UK
C. to list some of the best holiday activities in the UK
D. to recommend some tourist attractions in the UK
B
Born in New York in 1918, scientist Gertrude B. Elion had an impressive career, during which she developed medicines to cure many major diseases. Elion spent her early youth in Manhattan. She attended senior high school and had, in her words, an unbelievable thirst for knowledge.
Influenced by the death of her grandfather, who died of cancer, Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19. She had difficulty finding employment after graduation because many laboratories refused to hire women chemists. She found a part-time job as a lab assistant and went back to school at New York University. Elion worked as a high school teacher for a few years after finishing work on her master’s degree.
The start of World War II created more opportunities for women. At the age of 26, Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Welcome, where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr. George H. Hitchings. Her thirst for knowledge impressed Dr. Hitchings, and he permitted her to take on more responsibility.
Elion and Hitchings set out on a course of creating medicines by studying the chemical composition of diseased cells. Rather than relying on old trial-and-error methods, they used the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens(病原体)to design medicines. In all, Elion obtained 45 patents on medicine and was awarded 23 honorary degrees.
In 1988, Elion received the Nobel Prize for Medicine, together with George H. Hlitchings and Sir James Black. She received other awards for her work, including the National Medal of Science in 1991, and that same year, she became the first woman to be absorbed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 1997, she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.
4. What can we say about Elion as a high school student
A. She had a satisfying part-time job.
B. She had a strong desire for learning.
C. She had a gift for chemistry at high school.
D. She made great achievements in chemistry.
5. Why did Elion choose to study chemistry at college
A. To meet her grandfather’s wish.
B. To find a good job after graduation.
C. To create medicines to cure diseases.
D. To be a chemistry teacher in the future.
6. When did Elion started working for Burroughs Welcome
A. In 1944. B. In 1937. C. In 1933. D. In 1984.
7. What does the author mainly tell us about Elion in the last paragraph
A. Her later life. B. Her contributions.
C. Her interest in chemistry. D. Her honors.
C
The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it’s also getting greener. According to a new research, the rise is largely because of China and India. A study by NASA, based on extensive satellite imagery, has revealed that the two countries with the world’s biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in green plants.
A third of the leaf increase is attributable to China and India, due to the implementation of major tree planting projects as well as a vast increase in agriculture. “China and India account for one-third of the greening, but contain only 9% of the planet’s land area covered in vegetation — a surprising finding, considering the large populations in the countries need much land,” Chi Chen, the study’s lead author said in a statement.
Between 2000 and 2017, a NASA sensor gathered data of the Earth’s surface from aboard two satellites, the Terra and the Aqua. Using the data, researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area, despite possessing only 6. 6% of the world’s vegetated area. Forests account for 42% of that increase, while croplands make up a further 32%. China’s increase in forest area is the result of forest conservation and expansion programs, established to combat the impacts of climate change and air pollution.
Rama Nemani, a researcher at NASA’s Ames Research Center, said in a statement, “When the greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance. Now, with the data, we see that humans are also contributing,” Nemani said. “This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.”
8. What can we get from the new research by NASA
A. China and India should be responsible for the world’s climate crisis.
B. China and India have the biggest populations and the most green plants.
C. The Earth no longer faces a climate crisis because of China and India’s efforts.
D. China and India make a contribution to the Earth’s increasing greening.
9. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph
A. The increased croplands.
B. The protection of the forests.
C. The impacts of climate.
D. The greening of the Earth.
10. What is the best title of the passage
A. The Earth is Facing a Climate Crisis.
B. China and India Cause the Climate Change.
C. NASA Released a Report on Air Pollution.
D. China and India are Making the Earth Greener.
第二节(共5小题, 每小题2分, 满分10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It is a war without guns, bombs, or smoke. A new coronavirus, a deadly disease, breaks out all over the world. What should you do to keep yourself from this virus ____11____.
Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub
It is quite necessary to clean your hands with soap and water completely for at least 20 seconds before you have meals and after using the toilet, especially after you return home. ____12____, you’d better wash your hands with alcohol-based rub. Viruses can spread from human contact with animals, so this is very important.
Cover nose and mouth while coughing and sneezing
When it comes to human to human transmission (传播) of the viruses, it often happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person’s secretions (分泌物), such as droplets (飞沫) in a cough. ____13____, you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue. Or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve. Avoid covering with your hand directly.
____14____
Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected. Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin. If you are not feeling well or have symptoms of fever a mask is needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others.
Take exercise regularly
____15____. It can strengthen your heart and ensure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body. Besides, it can also improve your immune system, to some degree making it helpful to get away from the viruses and illnesses.
All in all, if you have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection, you must seek immediate medical attention.
A. Wear masks
B. See a doctor
C. When you cough or sneeze
D. If you want to take exercise, you should get up early
E. Here are some suggestions you can follow in your daily life
F. If you are not careful enough to contact with animals or deal with animal wastes
G. Taking exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to stay away from the virus
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题, 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant. We ___16___ hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our ___17___ came, I started walking towards an empty table. By bad luck, my purse strap (带子) got ___18___ on a chair and the tray (托盘) that I was holding slipped ___19___ my hands and went flying in the air. The tray, and its contents, ___20___ on a man who was just about to ___21___ a bite of his sandwich. I stared, greatly ___22___, as the drinks soaked (浸湿) his white shirt.
Then I ___23___ my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of ___24___ Instead, he said “It’s OK” to_ ____25____ me before he disappeared into the washroom.
Still shaky and unsure ____26____ to do next, my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look ____27____ A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and ____28____ our table, my heart almost stopped ____29____ I thought he was going to ask for my father’s ____30____ and call him.
　　To my surprise he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said, “ ____31____ yourself new hamburgers. ”He then walked ____32____ without even finishing his food.
　　He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse, ____33____ he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still ____34____ in this world. I will never ____35____ his actions.
16. A. ordered B. made C. arranged D. demanded
17. A. food B. turn C. bill D. menu
18. A. fixed B. caught C. cut D. tied
19. A. by B. in C. from D. out
20. A. knocked B. fell C. stood D. hung
21. A. take B. taste C. swallow D. chew
22. A. discouraged B. disappointed C. shocked D. annoyed
23. A. rolled B. rubbed C. narrowed D. closed
24. A. bitterness B. anxiety C. anger D. sorrow
25. A. satisfy B. comfort C. encourage D. praise
26. A. how B. who C. what D. which
27 A. mild B. honest C. calm D. modest
28. A. pushed B. approached C. drew D. laid
29. A. beating B. breaking C. sinking D. trembling
30. A. help B. position C. number D. job
31. A. Prepare B. Buy C. Find D. Cook
32. A. on B. around C. up D. away
33. A. so B. since C. although D. but
34. A. kindness B. happiness C. politeness D. brightness
35. A. forget B. refuse C. oppose D. ignore
第二节 语法填空(共10小题, 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ___36___ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___37___ some of them looked very anxious and ___38___ (disappoint).When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ___39___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ___40___ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ___41___ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept___42___ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s___43___ (I).”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Everyone on the bus began talking about___44___ the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers____45____ (sudden) became friendly to one another.
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题, 每小题1分, 满分10分)
46. 假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Some international students visit our school last week. To help them better understanding our tea-drinking culture I took them to the tea room in our school and introduced history of tea-making and tea culture to them. All the international student were quite interested in my introduction. Then I showed them what to make tea. I sat at a table, slowly explain every step of the process while making tea. All of them were very amazed that they couldn’t wait to have a try ourselves. Soon the atmosphere in the tea room became well and we had a lot of fun practising making tea. In the end, we took a group photo to memorize the moment we won’t forget it.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
47. 假定你是李华，你的朋友Jerry和你约好寒假到上海游玩，但你因故不能陪同。请你根据以下要点用英语给他写一封邮件道歉，内容包括：
1. 表示歉意；
2. 说明无法陪同的情况；
3. 另约时间。
注意：1.词数100词左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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