资源简介

2022-2023学年浙江省衢州市高二（下）期末英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
CHI's Academic Year Program（AYP）is your chance to study in America and spend either an academic year or a semester living with a volunteer host family.
The requirements for studying in America：
● High school students who are aged 15 to 18
● A score of at least 212 on the ELTIS exam
●Application
Contact a partner agency in your home or a nearby country.We can also send you a list of partners near you.They will set you up with an application and let you know what you need to submit in order to be considered.
● Admission and visa
Our Admissions Department reviews and accepts your application.We issue and send your agency the Form as-2019，which is the official US Department of State document that allows you to apply for and receive your J-1 visa.Once you receive the DS-2019，you can make your visa appointment.When the visa is granted，you are all set to travel to America.
●Home stay zksq
Meanwhile，our Field and Operations staff work hard to find you the perfect family and school as soon as possible!Once we find the right host family for you，you can start to get to know your family by email.
● Depart to the US and meet your family and friends
Your agency will book your flight according to your school start date.When you arrive，we will give you a student orientation（迎新会）and introduce you to other exchange students and the surrounding community.When school starts，you will begin the process of cultural exchange!
Contact us：1-800-432-4643；1-415-459-5397
Location：255 W End Avenue San Rafael，CA 94901
1. Who can take part in this home stay project？ ______
A. Those interested in American culture.
B. College students with 220 on the ELTIS exam.
C. 14-year-old students with good graded at school.
D. 17-year-old high school students with 212 on the ELTIS exam.
2. How do the students apply for this project？ ______
A. Call-800-432-4643.
B. Contact a partner agency in their country.
C. Visit CHI's website and fill out an online application.
D. Apply in person at CHI's headquarters in San Rafael.
3. In which part of a magazine can we most probably find the article？ ______
A. Tourism. B. Science. C. Education. D. Entertainment.
B
The other day，Dino，our neighbor across the road，saw me in front of our new home in Italy and called out， "Good evening!" His English，though limited，is much better than my Italian. "You OK？" he asked.
He had greeted me before，usually with a good morning or a good evening.Once，seeing him trying to fix a tall street lamp，I'd held the ladder for him to climb.But that was pretty much it for us：a general air of friendliness，nothing more.
I'd just concluded 46 years living in New York City.But now I'm living in a town in Italy's Puglia region，and everyone here except my family is a stranger.And，living in the countryside as we do，I've started to sense pains of being disconnected.
This moment therefore seemed an opportunity to get to know Dino a little.I could have stayed behind our gates to talk with him through his gates.But instead I went across the road toward him.I stood in the street talking with Dino and his wife，Grazia—I in English，they in Italian.One minute later they invited me in for a tour.
Here was a fig tree，bearing ripe figs.Dino picked a few of the fruits，tore one in half，and put one-half in his mouth.He handed me the other half and signaled to me to follow suit，and I did.
"Delicious!" I declared.
I once saw a wonderful documentary about Gregory Peck.In it，the older actor travels to Ireland to meet his new grandson.But first，wandering a field，he happens upon a fig tree.He picks a fig and eats it with obvious delight.To me，the scene captures the sweetness of life and how such sweetness is all around us—if only we'd bother to reach out and taste it.
Dino and I repeated this sequence with trees bearing plums and walnuts，too—he picking，I tasting.Despite our differences in language—neither of us knew many of the other's words— nothing important was lost.Both of us understood all we needed to understand：that now we were true neighbors.
4. What is the author's current feeling about the new living situation？ ______
A. He feels happy and content with his move.
B. He feels separated and kind of lonely in the new town.
C. He feels homesick and wants to go back to New York City.
D. He feels thrilled to meet new people in the new community.
5. Why did the author cross the road toward Dino？ ______
A. To help Dino fix the street lamp.
B. To become more familiar with Dino.
C. To hold the ladder for Dino to climb.
D. To avoid talking with Dino behind the gates.
6. What did Dino do while showing the author around？ ______
A. He picked fruits for the author to taste.
B. He showed off his private possessions.
C. He told the story of his family members.
D. He taught the author how to plant fruit trees.
7. What does the author want to prove by recalling the documentary？ ______
A. The fig is really the sweetest fruit.
B. Fig trees can survive in any places.
C. Life is a mixture of sweet and bitter.
D. Sweetness exists in life everywhere.
C
The jack fruit is a delicious fruit found throughout certain parts of Asia.But there is more to the fruit than just its taste.When considering the fruit's English name，it is easy to become overwhelmed with questions like： "Who is Jack？And why does he have his own fruit？"
Surprisingly， "jack fruit" isn't a person's name at all.The fruit's name originally comes from the southern Indian word chakka pazham，with India thought to be the fruit's place of origin.Portuguese explorers who journeyed to this region went on to call it jack，which leads us to the current English name of jack fruit，according to National Public Radio（NPR）.Unfortunately，no one called Jack has been proven to be involved at any point in this process.
There is another food，however，that was directly named after a person—the sandwich.In the 18th century，playing card games late into the night became fashionable in British high society.John Montagu，the 4th Earl of Sandwich，started the habit of ordering pieces of cold beef between two pieces of bread in order to get a late-night snack without having to leave the gaming table or use a knife and fork.
This newly-created snack kept hands clean so card players could continue on without dirtying their cards.The midnight snack quickly became popular among everyday people，and before long everyone was making their own sandwiches.That is how the sandwich was invented and got its name.
Away from the world of food，there are more examples of names inspired by people.Long johns，the warm trousers that keep us warm in winter，are said to have been named after the US boxer John L.Sullivan who took to wearing a similar type of garment in the ring （比赛）.
There are many other interesting etymologies（词源） in the English language like these.So the next time you find an interesting name，why not explore its history too？
8. What does the underlined word "overwhelmed" in the first paragraph probably mean？ ______
A. Puzzled. B. Excited. C. Worried. D. Annoyed.
9. Where does the jack fruit's name come from？ ______
A. A place in India. B. An Indian word.
C. A Portuguese explorer. D. A discoverer of the fruit.
10. What do we know about the sandwich according to the text？ ______
A. It was named after a popular card game.
B. It was once eaten as a snack in the daytime.
C. It was first popular among the UK's middle class.
D. It was created for the convenience of playing cards.
11. What is the author's purpose in writing this article？ ______
A. To raise readers' interest in etymology.
B. To introduce things named after people.
C. To stress the importance of learning history.
D. To explain the effects of people's names on food.
D
If humans do want to set up communities on the moon or other planets，what will they eat？A new test has begun to see if meat cells can grow.
Growing meat from cells even on Earth isn't easy.Cells from a cow（though it could be any animal）are fed the things they need to grow，like amino acids and carbohydrate.The cells multiply until muscle tissue forms，and eventually becomes meat that you can eat.This process is called "cultivation（培养）".The meat is grown in tanks that look more like what you'd find in a brewery than a farm yard.The life-cycle of an animal raised for meat—birth，life and kill—is completely ignored.
"Animal cells grow slowly，" says David Humbird，a chemical engineer. "If bacteria were to get into the cultivation，it would grow much faster from animal cells and it will just take over so you aren't making the animal cells anymore.You are making bacteria.And you have to throw it away，" says Mr Humbird. "Those cells that are themselves grown on eatable material are going to be sugar，amino acids and water.And the caloric value of the cells that you make will always be less than that.At the best case you could probably recover 25% of the calorie and eat them as food.So the question is，why would you drag all those calorie into space just to waste 75% of them？"
Karen Nyberg is a former astronaut.She says food plays a crucial role in space missions. "Food like powdered milk and that sort of thing comes as a regular source for astronauts，and meat produced in space is just something we don't have.So anything like that makes us feel great and eases our pressure." For Ms Nyberg，fresh food and vegetables are vital if humans are expected to be away from Earth for years at a time.
Certainly if humanity is serious about putting people on Mars，how to feed astronauts with nutrient-rich food that doesn't spoil—and tastes good — is an important and difficult mystery.
12. What is the second paragraph mainly about？ ______
A. The taste of lab-grown meat.
B. The reasons for growing meat in space.
C. The potential benefits of growing meat.
D. The process of growing meat from cow cells.
13. What is David Hum bird's attitude toward growing meat in space？ ______
A. Optimistic. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. D. Indifferent.
14. What can we infer from what Karen said？ ______
A. Eating is always a problem for astronauts.
B. Food tastes much better in space than on Earth.
C. Growing meat does good to astronauts' mental health.
D. Astronauts suffer from mental illnesses after long space tasks.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text？ ______
A. Can meat be grown in space
B. Can astronauts enjoy meat in space
C. Can meat in space be delicious to eat
D. Can lab-grown meat help tackle climate
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Suppose your cell phone falls into the water accidentally，it is often possible to save it.Time is essential. （1） ______ However，there are some practical ways you can try.
Remove the battery.After getting back your cell phone from the water，the next thing to do is to remove the battery immediately. （2） ______ The battery itself might not work again，but it can be replaced fairly inexpensively.
Take it apart.If you have dropped your cell phone in water，it is also helpful to take it apart，if you can，and let all of the parts dry separately. （3） ______ If it is difficult for you，you can seek professional help.
（ 4） ______ If you drop your cell phone in water that isn't pure or another liquid，wash the phone with fresh water after you take out the battery.Remember!A quick wash in fresh water is unlikely to do any further damage，but salt，sugar or other materials might.Besides，an alcohol bath will remove minerals and other similar substance.
Let it dry.After your phone is clean，leave it in a warm，dry area or near an air conditioner for at least three days before you attempt to replace the battery and turn it on. （5） ______ Putting your cell phone in a container full of dry rice grains also can help dry it out.Make sure that the rice completely covers the phone.
A.Avoid mineral damage.
B.Put minerals in fresh water.
C.Just be sure that you know how to put them back together.
D.If replacing the batteries doesn't work，have the cell phone fixed immediately.
E.This reduced the risk of a short circuit（短路） that would leave your phone useless.
F.Leaving a cell phone in water for even a few seconds might damage it beyond repair.
G.This is because the slightest water vapor can react with the battery and cause it to short circuit.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
While having a walk with my husband to enjoy autumn weather，I noticed a car had broken down.We stopped to offer（1） ______ However，others simply walked away.
We have a choice to help or（2） ______ certain situations，but wouldn't the world be a much better place，if we choose not to look away？For example，when we see injustice （不公平） are done，shall we just stand by or get ourselves（3） ______ ？ When we find someone is unfairly treated or judged for the appearance，shall we silently（4） ______ our heads or stand up straight？
Society assumed it is（5） ______ to look away，but we all need to learn not to whether it is due to coldness，fear or ignorance.
Years ago，I helped a girl who had fallen off her bike and gave her words of（6） ______ while a kind stranger was calling the ambulance.Shortly after，our（7） ______ relieved her pain.Everybody else—passers-by，cyclists and drivers（8） ______ just stared at us as they went by.Another time，I did not（9） ______ to stop before a dead cat and the man in the car behind me（10） ______ helped me carry the cat to the grassy verge before it（11） ______ the danger of getting flattened.Then I knocked on doors trying to find and（12） ______ the owner.However，I found it even more frustrating to see the（13） ______ of community.
May we choose not to look away when the opportunity（14） ______ We may very well be an angel or hero for somebody who needs our help or simply（15） ______ somebody's day with a mere smile.
21. A. assistance B. reward C. prospect D. explanation
22. A. recognize B. prevent C. ignore D. monitor
23. A. involved B. buried C. interested D. absorbed
24. A. raise B. nod C. lower D. cover
25. A. cruel B. normal C. impolite D. realistic
26. A. preference B. vigor C. forgiveness D. comfort
27. A. ability B. effort C. faith D. method
28. A. alike B. alone C. particularly D. regularly
29. A. follow B. wander C. attempt D. hesitate
30. A. moderately B. voluntarily C. formally D. slightly
31. A. risked B. perceived C. distinguished D. reduced
32. A. convince B. guarantee C. inform D. warn
33. A. lack B. strength C. existence D. regulation
34. A. responds B. displays C. arises D. disappears
35. A. puts up with B. benefits from C. deals with D. brightens up
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Lesser Fullness，or Xiaoman in Chinese，is one of the 24 solar （1） ______ （ term）in the traditional Chinese lunar calendar.It usually falls on around May 21 st or 22 nd annually，（ 2） ______ the sun reaches 60 degrees of the celestial longitude.This solar term （3） ______ （ mark）the start of the summer season in China，which is characterized by rising temperatures and increased rainfall in most regions.zksq
During Xiaoman，farmers in China begin to work in the fields （4） ______ （ intensive），planting crops such as rice，corn，and beans.Many regions also experience the （5） ______ （ grow）of mushrooms，bamboo shoots，and other edible plants.
In Chinese culture，Xiaoman is also a time （6） ______ family reunions and celebrations.It is a popular time for weddings and other festive events.There is a saying in China that goes "Xiaoman rain is as good as oil" because the rain during this solar term is considered （7） ______ （ benefit）for crops and agriculture. （8） ______ （ believe）to provide warmth in the body and help to prevent summer diseases，certain foods such as mutton and dog meat are eaten during Xiaoman.
Xiaoman is an important solar term in China （9） ______ （ signal）the beginning of the summer season.It is a time for agricultural activities，family celebrations，and the consumption of certain foods and drinks.Understanding （10） ______ significance of Xiaoman can help people to appreciate the rich cultural traditions of China.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假如你是校诗词协会会长李华，随着中国传统文化的"再流行"，学校决定举办校园诗词朗诵大赛，请你以诗词协会的名义用英语为你校交换生拟一则活动通知。内容要点如下：
（1）比赛的时间、地点；
（2）比赛的主题及安排；
（3）欢迎大家积极参加。
诗词朗诵大赛 Poetry Recitation Contest
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Notice_____
Poetry Association
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After flying all night from Washington，D.C.，I was tired as I arrived at a hospital in Denver to hold a workshop on volunteer spirit.As I entered the hospital，a tired middle-aged man came over and asked me "Are you the head of the Make-A-Wish Foundation？" "Yes，" I replied. "Well，my name is Caleb.My daughter Nicola was diagnosed as a brain tumor（脑瘤）.Her dying wish was to learn figure-skating and performed in public." sobbed the tear poor father.
"Here's Nicola." Caleb said as he put her skinny hand in mine.Before me stood a sixteen-year-old girl wearing a bright red and orange hat to cover her head，which was bald from all of the chemotherapy treatments（化疗）.Smiling shyly，the girl began her story.
When limited to her hospital bed，Nicola took comfort in watching her favorite sport – figure skating-on TV.As the skaters twirled （旋转） in the air and glided across the ice，Nicola pictured that she was one of them，zigzagging across a glittering ice rank （溜冰场） as the audience cheered her name.After months of isolation，Nicola wanted nothing more than to be surrounded by a crowd of adoring supporters.
When she learned she would be granted a wish，Nicola came to find me with hope.She knew that what she had imagined for herself would finally become a reality. "Sir，could you please help me？" Nicola uttered，with voice a bit trembling.
Tears welling in my eyes，I was choked up.I cleared my throat，smiled and said， "Sweetheart.Thanks for making a wish.Let's make it happen."
Soon everything was prepared for her.Together，a professional figure skater Linda and a community of kind-hearted supporters were called in to help.A local entertainment venue was arranged.For the following two months，Nicola began her training.She failed countless times in the process of being a skater.However，whenever she fell，she struggled to pull herself up and never gave up.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
After weeks of training，the big day finally came._______
When the performance was over，Nicola was awarded a special medal._______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据The requirements for studying in America中High school students who are aged 15 to 18 （15至18岁的高中生）A score of at least 212 on the ELTIS exam（ELTIS考试成绩至少为212分）可知，只有年龄在15至18岁之间，并且ELTIS考试分数达到212分的高中生才可以参与这个寄宿家庭计划。只有D项符合要求，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Application中Contact a partner agency in your home or a nearby country.We can also send you a list of partners near you.They will set you up with an application and let you know what you need to submit in order to be considered. （联系您本国或附近国家/地区的合作伙伴机构。我们还可以向您发送您附近的合作伙伴列表。他们将为您设置申请，并让您知道需要提交什么才能被考虑。）可知学生需要联系自己所在国家的合作机构，申请并了解所需提交的材料。故选B。
（3）文章出处题。文章主要介绍了学生参与在美国学习和寄宿家庭项目的相关信息和流程，与教育相关，所以最可能出现在杂志的教育板块。故选C。
这篇短文主要介绍了CHI的学术年度项目（AYP），该项目提供了在美国学习并与志愿者寄宿家庭生活的机会。文章列举了在美国学习的要求，包括年龄在15到18岁之间的高中学生，ELTIS考试至少得分212分等。接下来介绍了申请和入学签证的流程，以及如何联系合作机构和申请表格。然后介绍了在等待寄宿家庭和学校安排的过程中，可以通过电子邮件与家庭进行交流。最后，提到了抵达美国后的学生导向和文化交流的过程。文章最后给出了联系方式和地址。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
4~7.【答案】B、B、A、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第三段中I'd just concluded 46 years living in New York City.But now I'm living in a town in Italy's Puglia region，and everyone here except my family is a stranger.And，living in the countryside as we do，I've started to sense pains of being disconnected.（我刚刚结束了在纽约46年的生活。但现在我住在意大利普利亚地区的一个小镇上，除了我的家人，这里的每个人都是陌生人。而且，像我们这样生活在农村，我开始感受到与外界隔绝的痛苦。）可知，作者目前对新的生活状况的感受是在新城市里感到孤独。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中This moment therefore seemed an opportunity to get to know Dino a little. （因此，这似乎是一个稍微了解迪诺的机会。）以及But instead I went across the road toward him.I stood in the street talking with Dino and his wife，Grazia — I in English，they in Italian.One minute later they invited me in for a tour.（但我却穿过马路朝他走去。我站在街上与迪诺和他的妻子格拉齐亚交谈——我用英语，他们用意大利语。一分钟后，他们邀请我进去参观。）可知，作者穿过马路跟迪诺说话，是因为想要更多的了解他，跟他更熟悉一些。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中Here was a fig tree，bearing ripe figs.Dino picked a few of the fruits，tore one in half，and put one-half in his mouth.He handed me the other half and signaled to me to follow suit，and I did.（这里有一棵无花果树，树上结满了成熟的无花果。迪诺摘了一些水果，把一个撕成两半，把一半放进嘴里。他把另一半递给我，示意我照做，我照做了。）可知，在带作者参观的同时，迪诺还摘了一些无花果给作者品尝。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段段中To me，the scene captures the sweetness of life and how such sweetness is all around us—if only we'd bother to reach out and taste it.（对我来说，这一幕捕捉到了生活的甜蜜，以及这种甜蜜是如何围绕着我们的——只要我们愿意伸出手去品尝它。）可知，作者想通过回忆这部纪录片来证明生活中处处都有甜蜜。 A．The fig is really the sweetest fruit.无花果真的是最甜的水果；B．Fig trees can survive in any places.无花果树可以在任何地方生存；C．Life is a mixture of sweet and bitter.生活是酸甜苦辣的混合物；D．Sweetness exists in life everywhere.甜蜜存在于生活的每一个角落。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者从纽约搬到意大利普利亚的故事，以及在一个新地方感到脱节的经历。作者与邻居迪诺的互动以及在迪诺花园的树上收获水果产生了一种真正的联系和社区感，因为他们发现语言障碍与他们的新友谊无关，并得出结论，他们现在是真正的邻居。作者用这种情况来评论生活的甜蜜，以及伸出手去体验它的必要性。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】A、B、D、A
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据划线词后文的"Who is Jack？And why does he have his own fruit？"（"杰克是谁？他为什么有自己的果子呢？"）可知，人们对这种水果的名字存在疑问，即对名字感到困惑，故划线词意思是"困惑的"。A．Puzzled困惑的；B．Excited兴奋的；C．Worried担心的；D．Annoyed恼怒的。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段The fruit's name originally comes from the southern Indian word chakka pazham，with India thought to be the fruit's place of origin.（这种水果的名字最初来自印度南部的单词chakka pazham，印度被认为是这种水果的原产地）可知，杰克果的名字从一个印度词来的。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段In the 18th century，playing card games late into the night became fashionable in British high society.John Montagu，the 4th Earl of Sandwich，started the habit of ordering pieces of cold beef between two pieces of bread in order to get a late-night snack without having to leave the gaming table or use a knife and fork.（在18世纪，打牌玩到深夜在英国上流社会成为一种时尚。三明治伯爵四世John Montagu养成了把冷牛肉夹在两片面包之间点餐的习惯，这样就不用离开赌桌或使用刀叉就能吃到夜宵）可知，三明治的发明是为了方便打牌时方便进食。故选D。
（4）写作目的题。根据最后一段There are many other interesting etymologies in the English language like these.So the next time you find an interesting name，why not explore its history too？（在英语中还有许多其他像这些有趣的词源。所以，下次当你发现一个有趣的名字时，为什么不去探索一下它的历史呢？）可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提高读者对词源学的兴趣。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了几个食物名称的来源与人物有关。首先，jack fruit这个名字并不是一个人的名字，而是来自印度南部的词汇chakka pazham，而葡萄牙的探险家将其称为jack，从而得到了jack fruit这个英文名字。接着，sandwich这个食物是直接以人物命名的，18世纪时，英国贵族为了在玩牌时能够吃夜宵而将冷牛肉夹在两片面包中，这个习惯由第四代桑德威奇伯爵约翰 蒙塔古开始，后来这种夜宵在普通人中也变得流行起来，于是大家都开始制作自己的三明治。最后，长筒裤这个名字据说是以美国拳击手约翰 L 沙利文命名的，因为他在比赛中穿着类似的裤子。总之，这篇短文主要介绍了几个食物名称与人物有关的有趣故事，并鼓励读者在发现有趣的名字时去探索其历史。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】D、C、C、A
【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据第二段中Cells from a cow（though it could be any animal）are fed the things they need to grow，like amino acids and carbohydrate.The cells multiply until muscle tissue forms，and eventually becomes meat that you can eat.This process is called "cultivation" .The meat is grown in tanks that look more like what you'd find in a brewery than a farm yard.The life-cycle of an animal raised for meat—birth，life and kill—is completely ignored.（来自牛的细胞（尽管它可能是任何动物）被喂食它们生长所需的物质，如氨基酸和碳水化合物。这些细胞不断繁殖，直到形成肌肉组织，最终变成你可以吃的肉。这个过程被称为"培育"。）可知，本段主要介绍了如何用牛的细胞来培育成可食用的肉的过程。故选D。
（2）观点态度题。根据第三段中Humbird说的Those cells that are themselves grown on eatable material are going to be sugar，amino acids and water.And the caloric value of the cells that you make will always be less than that.At the best case you could probably recover 25% of the calorie and eat them as food.So the question is，why would you drag all those calorie into space just to waste 75% of them？（ "那些在可食用物质上生长的细胞将是糖、氨基酸和水。生成的细胞的热值总是小于这个值。在最好的情况下，你可能可以恢复25%的卡路里，并把它们作为食物吃。所以问题是，为什么你要把所有这些卡路里都拖进太空，浪费其中的75%呢？"）可知，Humbird认为在太空中生产肉类浪费的部分要比可用的部分更大，所以David Hum bird对其态度是不赞同的。A．Optimistic乐观的；B．Supportive支持的；C．Disapproving不赞成的；D．Indifferent不关心的。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中She says food plays a crucial role in space missions.Food like powdered milk and that sort of thing comes as a regular source for astronauts，and meat produced in space is just something we don't have.So anything like that makes us feel great and eases our pressure.（她说，食物在太空任务中起着至关重要的作用。像奶粉这样的食物是宇航员的常规食物来源，而在太空中生产的肉类是我们没有的。所以这样的事情会让我们感觉很好，减轻我们的压力。）可知，Karen Nyberg认为在太空中生产肉类可以增加宇航员们食物，这样的食物让人感觉好，减轻压力，因此推断，这样的食物对宇航员的心理健康有益。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段If humans do want to set up communities on the moon or other planets，what will they eat？A new test has begun to see if meat cells can grow.（如果人类真的想在月球或其他星球上建立社区，他们吃什么？一项新的测试已经开始，看看肉细胞是否能生长。）以及通读全文可知，文章讨论了肉细胞是否可以在太空条件下培养的问题。A选项Can meat be grown in space？（肉能在太空中培养吗？）以问题的形式引发读者进行思考，突出了文章中心大意，适合作本文标题。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了人类在月球或其他行星建立社区时如何供应食物的问题，测试是否可以在这些条件下培养肉类细胞，不同的人对此拥有不同的观点。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】F、E、C、A、G
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文Suppose your cell phone falls into the water accidentally，it is often possible to save it.Time is essential.（假设你的手机不小心掉入水中，通常可以拯救它。时间至关重要。）可知，手机掉水里时间至关重要，说明手机容易损坏，与F项"将手机放在水中几秒钟可能会损坏它，无法修复。"上下文一致，故选F。
（2）联系上文题。根据上文Remove the battery.After getting back your cell phone from the water，the next thing to do is to remove the battery immediately. （取出电池。从水中取出手机后，接下来要做的就是立即取出电池。）可知本段主要内容与取出泡水的手机电池有关，推测下文可能会说明原因，与E项"这降低了短路的风险，短路使您的手机无法使用。"上下文一致，故选E。
（3）语境衔接题。根据上文If you have dropped your cell phone in water，it is also helpful to take it apart，if you can，and let all of the parts dry separately. （如果您将手机掉入水中，如果可以的话，将其拆开并让所有部件分别干燥也很有帮助。）可知本段主要讲述了泡水的手机可以拆开干燥，结合后文If it is difficult for you，you can seek professional help.（如果您遇到困难，您可以寻求专业帮助。）可知空前应为如果您决定拆开手机让它干燥，重要的是要了解并具备正确的组装知识和技能。如果在没有正确理解的情况下拆卸手机，可能会造成进一步的损坏，或导致手机在干燥后无法正常工作。与C项"只要确保你知道如何将它们重新组合在一起。"上下文一致，故选C。
（4）联系下文题，根据下文If you drop your cell phone in water that isn't pure or another liquid，wash the phone with fresh water after you take out the battery.Remember!A quick wash in fresh water is unlikely to do any further damage，but salt，sugar or other materials might.Besides，an alcohol bath will remove minerals and other similar substance.（如果您将手机掉落在不纯净的水或其他液体中，请在取出电池后用清水清洗手机。记得！在淡水中快速清洗不太可能造成任何进一步的损害，但盐、糖或其他材料可能会造成任何损害。此外，酒精浴将去除矿物质和其他类似物质。）可知，如果手机掉入的不是纯净的水，例如海水或含有其他物质的液体，建议用清水清洗手机。这有助于去除手机上的矿物质或其他可能造成损害的物质。与A项"避免矿物质损伤。"上下文一致，故选A。
（5）语境衔接题。根据上文After your phone is clean，leave it in a warm，dry area or near an air conditioner for at least three days before you attempt to replace the battery and turn it on.（清洁手机后，请将其放在温暖干燥的地方或空调附近至少三天，然后再尝试更换电池并打开它。）及下文Putting your cell phone in a container full of dry rice grains also can help dry it out.Make sure that the rice completely covers the phone.（将手机放入装满干米粒的容器中也有助于将其干燥。确保米饭完全覆盖手机。）可知，手机要干燥，空处应是手机要干燥的原因，与G项"这是因为最轻微的水蒸气会与电池发生反应并导致其短路。"上下文一致，故选G。
本文是一篇说明文。文章的主要内容是关于如何拯救手机遇水的情况，并给出了一些建议和方法来最大程度地减少损害并尽量恢复手机的功能。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】A、C、A、C、B、D、B、A、D、B、A、C、A、C、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.assistance帮助；B.reward回报，奖励；C.prospect前景；D.explanation解释。根据上文"I noticed a car had broken down"可知作者注意到一辆坏了的汽车，停下来提供帮助。故选A项。
（2）考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可以选择帮助或忽略某些情况，但如果我们选择不去漠视，世界不是会变得更美好吗？A.recognize识别；B.prevent阻止；C.ignore忽视；D.monitor。根据"to help or （2） certain situations" 及"but wouldn't the world be a much better place，if we choose not to look away？"可知，在某些情况下我们选择帮助还是忽视，如果我们选择不去漠视，世界是否会变得更美好。故选C项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.involved参与；B.buried埋藏；C.interested使感兴趣；D.absorbed吸收。根据"shall we just stand by or get ourselves （3） ？"可知是与stand by相对应，我们应该参与，故选A项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.raise抬头；B.nod点头；C.lower降低；D.cover覆盖。根据"shall we silently （4） our heads or stand up straight？"可知是与stand up straight项对应，应是低下头沉默还是站直身子，故选C项。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.cruel残忍；B.normal正常；C.impolite不礼貌；D.realistic现实的。根据"but we all need to learn not to whether it is due to coldness，fear or ignorance."可知，前文意思与下文相反，社会认为漠视是正常的，但是我们不能那么做，无论是否是因为冷漠、恐惧或无知而去忽视别人遭受的不公正对待，故选B项。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.preference偏好；B.vigor活力；C.forgiveness宽恕；D.comfort舒适，安慰。根据前文"a girl who had fallen off"可知，小女孩从车子上摔下来，好心人打电话的同时作者是给予了语言上的安慰，故选D项。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.ability能力；B.effort努力；C.faith信仰；D.method方法。根据上文"gave her words of （6） while a kind stranger was calling the ambulance."可知，好心人打电话的同时作者是给予了语言上的安慰，这是我们的努力，故选B项。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.alike相似，同样地；B.alone单独；C.particularly特别；D.regularly经常。根据"cyclists and drivers （8） just stared at us as they went by"可知被路人、骑自行车的人和司机同样地看着，故选A项。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.follow跟随；B.wander徘徊；C.attempt尝试；D.hesitate犹豫。根据"I did not （9） to stop before a dead cat" 可知作者是毫不犹豫的停在了一只死猫的前面。故选D项。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.moderately适度；B.voluntarily自愿；C.formally正式地；D.slightly略微。根据"he man in the car behind me （10） helped me carry the cat to the grassy verge" 可知，车后的人自愿帮助我把猫带到草坪上，故选B项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.risked风险；B.perceived感知；C.distinguished区分；D.reduced减少。根据空后"before it ____（11）____ the danger of getting flattened."可知是在猫被压扁的危险之前把猫带到了草地边缘，故选A项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.convince说服；B.guarantee保证；C.inform告知；D.warn警告。根据"find and （12） the owner." 可知作者是想找到猫的主人并告知，故选C项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.lack缺乏；B.strength强度；C.existence存在；D.regulation规章制度。根据"more frustrating"可知作者是因为看到社区的缺乏而沮丧，故选A项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.responds回应；B.displays显示；C.arises出现；D.disappears消失。根据上文"We have a choice to help or ___（2）____ certain situations，but wouldn't the world be a much better place，if we choose not to look away？"及前文"not to look away when the opportunity"可知，当机会出现时，我们选择不要视而不见，故选C项。
（15）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.puts up with忍受；B.benefits from从……受益；C.deals with处理，打交道；D.brightens up变得亮起来。根据"We may very well be an angel or hero for somebody who needs our help or simply （15） somebody's day with a mere smile." 可知，即使只是一个微笑也可以让某人的一天更加美好，故选D项。
这段短文主要讲述了作者在散步时遇到了一辆抛锚的车，他们停下来提供帮助，但其他人却选择走开。作者认为我们在某些情况下有选择是否帮助的权利，但如果我们选择不袖手旁观，世界会变得更美好。例如，当我们看到不公正的事情发生时，我们是选择袖手旁观还是站出来？当我们发现有人因为外貌而受到不公平的对待或评判时，我们是选择低头不语还是挺直身子站出来？社会认为不看不管是可以的，但我们都需要学会不去选择冷漠、恐惧或无知。作者举了几个例子来说明他的观点，他曾经帮助过一个摔倒的女孩，并给予了她安慰，同时一个陌生人在打电话叫救护车。还有一次，他没有停下来帮助一只死猫，但后面的车里的人却帮他把猫移到了草地上，然后他敲门试图找到并通知主人。然而，他发现社区的凝聚力令人失望。最后，作者呼吁我们在有机会时选择不袖手旁观，因为我们可能成为某人需要帮助的天使或英雄，或者仅仅用微笑让某人的一天变得更美好。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】terms
【小题2】when
【小题3】marks
【小题4】intensively
【小题5】growth
【小题6】for
【小题7】beneficial
【小题8】Believed
【小题9】signaling
【小题10】the
【解析】（1）考查可数名词的复数。句意：小满是中国传统农历二十四节气之一。此处为one of+可数名词复数。故填terms。
（2）考查定语从句。句意：它通常在每年的5月21日或22日左右，这时太阳到达天文经度60度。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为May 21st or22nd，在从句中作时间状语，故用when。故填when。
（3）考查时态及主谓一致。句意：这个节气标志着中国夏季的开始，夏季的特点是气温上升，大部分地区降雨量增加。结合句意可知，此处在陈述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为term，谓语用三单形式。故填marks。
（4）考查副词。句意：在小满期间，中国农民开始集中地在地里干活，种植水稻、玉米和豆类等作物。此处用副词形式intensively，作状语修饰work。故填intensively。
（5）考查不可数名词。句意：许多地区也有蘑菇、竹笋和其他可食用植物的生长。此处作experience的宾语，应用名词growth，为不可数名词。故填growth。
（6）考查介词。句意：在中国文化中，小满也是家人团聚和庆祝的日子。表示"是……的日子"短语为a time for。故填for。
（7）考查形容词。句意：中国有句俗语叫"小满雨如油"，因为这个节气里的雨被认为对农作物和农业有益。此处为consider+宾语+宾补结构的被动形式，应用形容词beneficial修饰this solar term，故填beneficial。
（8）考查过去分词。句意：人们认为，为了给身体提供温暖，有助于预防夏季疾病，在小满期间会吃一些食物，比如羊肉和狗肉。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词are eaten，此处为非谓语动词作状语，believe与逻辑主语foods之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Believed。
（9）考查非谓语动词。句意：小满是中国一个重要的节气，预示着夏季的开始。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，此处为非谓语动词作状语，signal与逻辑主语Xiaoman之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填signaling。
（10）考查冠词。句意：了解小满的意义可以帮助人们欣赏中国丰富的文化传统。结合句意可知，此处特指小满的意义，应用定冠词。故填the。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统农历中的小满节气。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Notice
With the traditional Chinese culture regaining popularity，the school wants to spread traditional Chinese culture for the new exchange students through the campus recitation poetry competition，and feel the broad and profound Chinese culture.【高分句型一】The theme of the competition is Tang poetry and Song Ci.（比赛的主题及安排）The match will be held on Thursday at 8 a.m.（比赛的时间、地点）Exchange students need to go to the lecture hall for the competition.Exchange students need to choose the speech content before the competition，and inform the school poetry association.Approved by the president ，you can participate in the competition.【高分句型二】Welcome to register and participate actively，thank you very much.（欢迎大家积极参加）
Poetry Association
【解析】高分句型一：With the traditional Chinese culture regaining popularity，the school wants to spread traditional Chinese culture for the new exchange students through the campus recitation poetry competition，and feel the broad and profound Chinese culture.
译文：随着中华传统文化的重新流行，学校希望通过校园朗诵诗歌比赛为新来的交换生传播中华传统文化，感受中华文化的博大精深。
分析：这句话使用了with复合结构。
高分句型二：Approved by the president ，you can participate in the competition.
译文：经校长批准，您可以参加比赛。
分析：这句话使用了过去分词短语Approved by the president 作状语。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】After weeks of training，the big day finally came.The moment she arrived at the ice ring，she was moved to see so many supporters present.Her friends，her coach and，of course，her family all came to support her.Hardly had she stepped onto the ice when the audience roared with applause，a sound that filled Nicole with joy.【高分句型一】 "I'm not going to fall，" Nicole murmured to herself，her newfound confidence shining in her eyes.Full of courage，Nicole began to dazzle on the ice，her glowing smile lighting up the venue as she performed lifts and twirls.Immersed in the world of figure-skating，she forgot her pain and felt a sense of freedom.（Nicola表演的那一天有哪些人到场，大家是如何做的，以及Nicola对人们支持她的感受和她滑冰的表现情况）
When the performance was over，Nicola was awarded a special medal.Excited and satisfied，she lowered her head and read the words carved on it.【高分句型二】 "You are a warrior!" Devoted fans on the spot were chanting her name.Her family came over and hugged her tightly，beaming with pride as their angel put on a stunning performance that brought tears to the eyes of everyone who was part of Nicole's life-changing wish experience.Every part of the wish journey helped Nicole build renewed strength and hope for brighter days ahead - and sparked joyful memories that will replace those of fear and sadness for her entire family.（Nicola的感受以及帮助Nicola实现遗愿的在场人员的感受和实现愿望之旅的意义）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者到丹佛的一家医院参加研讨会，进入医院后，一位中年男子向他救助，希望能帮助他患有脑瘤的女儿Nicola实现学习花样滑冰并在公众前表演的遗愿，作者了解了她的情况后感动的流出了泪水，并决定帮助她一起实现愿望，接下来专业滑冰运动员Linda和一群好心人帮助Nicola训练，在训练过程中，Nicola摔倒过很多次，但她从不放弃。
高分句型一：Hardly had she stepped onto the ice when the audience roared with applause，a sound that filled Nicole with joy.
翻译：她刚踏上冰面，观众就报以热烈的掌声，这让妮可充满了喜悦。
分析：运用了倒装句和that引导的定语从句。
高分句型二：Excited and satisfied，she lowered her head and read the words carved on it.
翻译：她既兴奋又满足，低下头，读着上面刻着的字。
分析：运用了形容词短语Excited and satisfied作状语。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
第1页，共1页

展开更多......

收起↑