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阅读理解代词指代题
目录
一、题型定义和设问类型
二、代词的定义
三、解题步骤
什么是代词指代题？
一
代词指代题的定义
考察判断某个代词的指代对象的题目
代词指代题的设问类型
类型1 : In Paragraph 2, the underlined word "this/ which/ that/ something/ it" refers to _______.

类型2: What does the under lined word "they/ them" in Paragraph 7 refer to
代词知多少？
二
代词的定义
代词，是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词和替代词十种。
代词的作用：
代替名词或一句话
Pronouns substitute in for regular nouns(普通名词) and proper nouns(专有名词) to avoid unnecessary repetition(避免重复) of the same words over and over again.
——wiki
(grammar 语法) a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase(名词或短语) ，for example he, it, hers, me, them, etc.
——new Oxford American Dictionary
A word that can function by itself as a noun phrase and that refers either to participants in the discourse(语篇的参与者) （e.g., I, you）or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere(别处提到的人或物) in the discourse(e.g., she, it, this).
——Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary 7th edition
1.代词的作用：代替，避免重复
2.代替的对象：名词和名词短语
3.指代对象的位置：近指或远指
观察下列例句，说出代词指代位置和指代对象
1.这个照相机很棒，我想买它。
2.大家明天都不要迟到，这就是我想强调的。
3.小明同学热心又善良，同学们都喜欢她。
4.白色的裙子很好看，我也想要一个。
前指
名词：物
句子：事
名词：人
名词短语：物
阅读代词指代题中代词的用法
数 代词 位置 名词/短语/句子 人/物/事
单数 this/that 前指 名词/短语/句子 物/事
one 前指 名词/短语 人/物
which 前指 名词/短语/句子 物/事
it 前指 名词/短语/句子 物/事
复数 they/them 前指 名词/短语 人/物
怎么做题？
三
解题步骤
1.向前指代
2.数的一致
3.逻辑判断
答案在代词上一句或两句处
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinnertime seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day ；no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment always to the point
61. The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to"______”.
A. one new thing
B. a request
C. the news
D. some comment
That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We'd already seen the second movie once before. It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.
47. What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 3 refer to ？
A. The heat
B The theater
C. The Music Man
D. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance
三
解题步骤
1.向前指代
2.数的一致
3.逻辑判断
答案在代词上一句或两句处
（前一句有序数词）
指代的名词单复数和代词的单复数一致
Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) into cartoon movies.
60. What does the underlined word "They' in the first paragraph refer to
A. Such wonderful things.
B. Other well-loved characters.
C. Old fables.
D. Cartoon movies.
三
解题步骤
1.向前指代
2.数的一致
3.逻辑判断
答案在代词上一句或两句处
（前一句有序数词）
指代的名词单复数和代词的单复数一致
判断是人/物/事，或者与谓语动词之间的逻辑关系(主谓关系或动宾关系)
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把…制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.
73. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“______”.
A. The local farmers
B. Masqsood and Iftekhar
C. Drayton and his team
D. the poor people in Dhaka
解题步骤
1.向前指代
2.数的一致
3.逻辑判断
答案在代词上一句或两句处
（前一句有序数词）
指代的名词单复数和代词的单复数一致
判断是人/物/事，或者与谓语动词之间的逻辑关系(主谓关系或动宾关系)【所在句出现了其他代词，明确其指代对象】
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