资源简介 图表会说话——数据图表及其分析(第一课时) 南京外国学校河西分校 林荫教材分析本课的教学内容是江苏凤凰科学技术出版社出版的《初中信息技术》七年级第3 章第3节“数据图表与分析”中“图表制作”的第一课时。图表是一种能直观地反映数据特征的表现形式，它在数据统计中有着不可替代的重要作用。制作图表的4个步骤比较简单，难点是能根据实际需要选择合理的数据区域；能根据数据间的关系，合理恰当地选择图表类型；借助图表直观地传达制作者的思想和观点。但是，在实际的教学中，面对实际运用环节，学生常常无从下手。在教学设计中，我从“在教学的基础上培养学生解决问题的能力”的这一基本思路出发。以我校学生校园生活中的“义卖活动”数据实例，让学生体验使用恰当的图表直观地表达出自己对数据的分析的结论和想法，培养学生的思维能力、解决问题的能力和创新能力。学情分析 初一的学生在小学时对常用的三种图表类型有了一定了解，在前面的wps表格学习中学会了计算数据和统计数据的方法。面对真实情境时，学生不会自发地寻找数据之间内在的关系，主动根据表达思想的需要选择合适展现方式。本节课以他们熟悉的事物出发，培养学生在实践中发现问题、更深入的探讨问题、解决问题的能力。通过本节课的学习，学生能够独立根据数据关系和思想表达的需要，选择合适的图表类型，完成图表的制作。教学目标[知识与技能]掌握利用图表向导，创建柱形图、折线图、饼图的方法。理解柱形图、折线图、饼图在信息表达上的差别。[过程与方法]通过分析数据之间的关系，选择合适的图表类型制作图表。通过小组合作讨论、学生的自主学习，让学生自己总结出不同类型图表的适用范围。[情感态度与价值观]选用和学生生活接近贴合的实例，让学生体会到信息技术与日常生活学习的紧密联系,提升学生利用信息技术解决生活学习中问题的意识和能力。鼓励学生从不同的角度看问题，并大胆表达自己的观点和看法。重点与难点[重点]根据图表向导制作柱形图、折线图和并图。选择合理的图表类型表达数据的关系。[难点]通过分析数据间的关系，根据所要反映的数据情况合理选择恰当的图表类型。选取正确的数据区域。教学方法与手段 讲授法、演示法、自主探究学习法教学过程教学环节教师活动学生活动设计意图创设情境引入新课【展示图表】谷歌预测流感趋势图 提问：用图表表达信息有什么优势？ 激发学生兴趣，体会图表的特点和优势。 体验图表在真实生活中的应用。重点讲解学习新知教师讲解：借助图表向导完成折线图的制作 【基础任务一】完成柱形图和折线图的制作借助图表向导完成折线图和柱形图的制作。 提问图表制作的四个步骤图表类型——图表源数据——图表选项——图表位置折线图和柱形图在反映数据关系上的区别。 总结：图表的选择主要同数据所表达的内容相关，有时一组数据可以由多种图表来表现，我们需要选择最恰当的一种。 掌握图表制作的四个步骤。通过折线图的制作演示，让学生了解图表制作的四个步骤。自主探究完成任务【基础任务二、三】分别完成柱形图和饼图的制作 提问：你制作的图表想说明什么问题？选用这种图表类型在表达展示有何优势？学生总结不同的数据关系需要用不同类型的图表来表示：折线图适合表现数据的趋势、起伏；饼图适合表现各部分数据占整体的百分比；而柱形图和条形图适合表现较多关系类型数据之间的比较。 学生自主探究，师生共同分析选择图表类型的过程。 培养学生能够根据数据特点，选用恰当的图表类型。回归生活学以致用探索提高【小试牛刀】分析数据，选择合适图表类型表达数据间的关系。提问：这组数据选用什么图表展示最合适？制作好的图表中存在什么问题？修改图表，让图表清晰明了地展示数据间关系。 【拓展延伸】仔细观察新华社制作的图表，思考相关问题？教师提问：观察图表，找问题。你觉得哪种类型的图表最适合表现这组数据，理由是什么？同学相互间讨论，选择恰当的图表类型表达想法。 在解决实际问题过程中，培养学生选择恰当的图表类型表达想法。小结总结本课要点：图表制作的步骤如何根据实际问题选择适合的图表类型？回顾提升 帮助学生建构知识教学反思 很多老师都上过图表制这部分内容，上的出彩的老师也很多，寻求突破非常困难。回顾整堂课和教学设计的整个流程，谈谈我教学上的想法和做法： ? WPS表格这部分内容在七年级讲授，不同类型图表信息上表达的差别是八年级第二学期下半学期数学书中的内容，学生上这节课前的知识水平仅限于会读三种图表的数值，对不同类型图表在信息表达上的差别没有系统接触过；可以说学生是处于“零起点”。充分了解了学生的知识水平之后，我重点放在两个方面：一、掌握利用图表向导，创建柱形图、折线图、扇形图的方法；二、通过分析数据之间的关系，选择合适的图表类型来制作图表。基础活动一、二和三是根据数据选择合适的图表类型，属于比较基础的知识，主要掌握图表制作的步骤。引用义卖活动数据实例，就是为了让学生感受到信息技术服务学习生活的作用，利用所学知识解决生活中的问题。小试牛刀任务中，学生要排除错误信息的干扰，做出判断，修改图表，一方面复习了图表的制作步骤，另一方面也考察了学生对已经生成图表进行修改的操作。最后一个拓展延伸是个开放度很高的问题，一方面要求读懂例图中错误，另一方面要求学生能根据提供的数据，创设能表达自己观点的图表，希望通过这个任务能引导学生观察生活，培养善于思考的习惯，推动学生思维向更深处发展。 这节课是一研究课，展现这节课的同时我抱着和同行们一起研究探讨的态度。这节课必然有值得探讨和研究的地方，真诚地期待着更多地同行和我交流探讨。点评 林老师课前做了充分的准备，教态亲切自然，师生互动较好。首先，这节课充分体现了学生的主体地位，课堂上林老师放手让学生做，学生通过任务驱动、自主尝试探究，提高了制作图表的能力。在课堂教学环节中，林老师注重展示学生的错误，并针对学生的错误进行改错。在实际的教学过程中，学生的错误就是课堂最好的例子，通过对学生错误的修正，解决学生在学习中存在的问题，起到纠正错误的效果。这堂课向我们展示了一节很好的常态课。布置的任务由浅到难，从操作技能到思维能力培养，照顾了不同层次的学生。课件19张PPT。11000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101011010101010101010000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101011100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101011010101010101010000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101011010101010101010000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101011010101010101010000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101011010101010101100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101101010101010101000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101101010101010101000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101101010101010101000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101101010101010101000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101101010101010101000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101101010101010101000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101101010101010101000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101101010101010110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000111000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101011100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010111000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101011100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101101010101010101000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010110101100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000001110000010101101010101010101000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010111000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101011100000001110101010000001111000101010101011000000011101010100000011110001010101010110000000111010101000000111100010101110000000111010101000000111100000001110101010000001111000000011101010100000011110000000111010101000000111100000001110101010000001111000000011101010100000011110000000101010101000000111100100001110101010000001111000000011101010100000011110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000001100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101100000001110101010000001111000101010101010101010000000011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010110101010101010100000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010110101010101010100000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010110101010101010100000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010110101010101010100000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010110101010101010100000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010110101010101010100000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010110101010101010100000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010110101010101010100000110000000111010101000000111100010101010101010101000000000111000001010110101010101010100000从一个真实案例讲起 … …关键词2009年97%97%97%97%97%预 测谷歌对流感趋势的预测结果与美国疾控中心数据对比图 表 会 说 话—— 数据图表及其分析南京外国语学校河西分校 林荫课本中的图表折线图饼图柱形图三位同学同一主题的演讲图表的优势迅速传达信息突出重点更明确地显示数据间相互关系使信息的表达鲜明生动她和她的班级绘制图表制作图表的步骤用到图表的那些时候演讲论证方案阐述观点0010010101010100010111101110111011100011000110000100001100001111111001000010000110000111111100101110000001111110001110000110010101000110000111000011000000111000001111111000000100010000110000111111100101110000010111000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101010001000011000011011010010111011000101101010000111010001100010000111000001111000011101010101010101010111110000100001100001011111011001100001010101010100001010010101010101010101010101111000001110000110000000011100100010000110000111101100101110001001010100011001110000010101000001010000110000000011000000101010101010101011001000011000011101110010101000010100010010101010100010111101110111011100011000110000100001100001111111001111000110000100001100001111111001011111110001110000110010101000110000111000011000000111000001111111000000110101000110000111000011000110000011011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101010111100000111000011000000001110010011101010000111010001100010000111000001111000011101010101010101010111110100111000011000000001110010000011100101010100001010010101010101010101010101111000001110000110000000011100100110000000011000000101010101000011010100011001110000010101000001010000110000000011000000101010101010101010010101010101011010101010101011001110010010101010100010111101110111011100011000110000100001100001111111001001010101010101101010101010101111100111110001110000110010101000110000111000011000000111000001111111000000100101010101010110101010101010110001111000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101011001111000011101010101010101010010101101010000111010001100010000111000001111000011101010101010101010111110100011111110000001101010001100001111101010100001010010101010101010101010101111000001110000110000000011100101010000010100001100000000111010101010100011001110000010101000001010000110000000011000000101010101010101010101000001010010100000000111110000010010010101010100010111101110111011100011000110000100001100001111111001000010000110000111111100101110000001111110001110000110010101000110000111000011000000111000001111111000000100010000110000111111100101110000010111000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101010001000011000011011010010111011000101101010000111010001100010000111000001111000011101010101010101010111110000100001100001011111011001100001010101010100001010010101010101010101010101111000001110000110000000011100100010000110000111101100101110001001010100011001110000010101000001010000110000000011000000101010101010101011001000011000011101110010101000010100010010101010100010111101110111011100011000110000100001100001111111001111000110000100001100001111111001011111110001110000110010101000110000111000011000000111000001111111000000110101000110000111000011000110000011011000000011101010100000011110001010101010101010100000000011100000101010111100000111000011000000001110010013W1H法想一想柱形图折线图柱形图饼图总 结要反映各项之间对比情况的用 ； 要反映每一部分的大小占总数的百分比之类的用 适合；3.要反映事物发展趋势的用 。柱形图饼图 折线图 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