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直击2023高考英语（乙卷） 阅读理解 话题1 人物传记
一、2023真题
（2023·全国乙卷）阅读理解
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461 - 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c. 1789 - 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A．Doing teaching jobs. B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery. D．Being banned from medicine.
2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A．She wrote a book. B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist. D．She had formal education.
3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry. D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇人物类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，她搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术；以及第三段中的“ She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”1813年，她获得了外科医生的资格，然后加入了英国军队，在海外服役。Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业。可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都能进行外科手术。故选C。
2．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.“1511年，Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活。可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. ”四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性，可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
二、冲刺练
（2023高一下·盐湖月考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B. 、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years
Jane Addams(1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank Addams helped the poor and worked for peace She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize
Rachel Carson(1907-1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans
Sandra Day O'Connor(1930-present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U S Supreme Court O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court
Rosa Parks(1913-2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger Her simple act landed Parks in prison B. ut it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement "The only tired I was, was tired of giving in," said Parks
4．What is Jane Addams famous for in history
A．Her social work B．Her teaching skills
C．Her efforts to win a prize D．Her community background
5．What was the reason for O'Connor's being refused by the law firm
A．Her lack of proper training in law
B．The discrimination against women
C．Her little work experience in court
D．The poor financial conditions
6．Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US
A．Jane Addams B．Rachel Carson
C．Sandra Day O'Connor D．Rosa Parks
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
【知识点】细节理解题；人物传记类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了对人类发展产生重大影响的四位女性Jane Addams、Rachel Carson、Sandra Day O'Connor以及Rosa Parks的故事，赞扬她们为人类进步所做出的巨大贡献。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇人物类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
4．考查细节理解。根据 Jane Addams(1860-1935) 部分中的"Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank."任何曾经得到过社工帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams。可知，任何一个得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams。所以说，正是Jane Addams推动了社会工作的发展，她才因此而出名。故选A。
5．考查细节理解。根据 Sandra Day O'Connor(1930-present) 部分中的"When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman."1952年，当Sandra Day O 'Connor以全班第三名的成绩毕业于斯坦福法学院时，她找不到律师事务所的工作，因为她是女性。可知，因为是女性，Sandra Day O'Connor在律师事务所找不到工作。所以说，律师事务所拒绝O'Connor主要是因为她是一位女性，也就是对妇女的歧视。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据 Rosa Parks(1913-2005) 部分中的"It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. ‘The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,' said Parks."它持续了一年多，并拉开了民权运动的序幕。Parks说："我唯一感到疲倦的是，我厌倦了屈服。"可知，正是因为Rosa Parks的努力，美国的民权运动才得以推进，她对美国的人权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
阅读理解
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set it up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives (炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons (武器). Isn't this something that surprises you The man who made money from weapons should set up the Nobel Peace Prize
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest (利息) from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
7．What was Alfred's business
A．Making explosives and selling weapons.
B．Not making and selling weapons.
C．Making and selling explosives and weapons.
D．Making weapons and selling explosives.
8．Where do the Nobel Prizes come from
A．All the interest from the fund. B．All Nobel's money in his company.
C．All Nobel's money in the fund. D．Some of the interest in the fund.
9．Nobel was a ( an ) person in the world.
A．interesting B．kind-hearted C．unselfish D．richest
【答案】7．C
8．A
9．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了诺贝尔奖的创办人Alfred Nobel是一位著名的发明家和工业家，其一生努力工作，也是欧洲最富有的人之一，他无私的把自己攒下的积蓄和世界分享的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives (炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons (武器)."他的生意可能会让你大吃一惊。他制造并销售炸药。他的公司甚至制造和销售武器。可知，生意是制作炸药和武器。故选C。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest (利息) from the fund to be used as prizes every year."根据他的遗嘱，他的大部分钱都存入了一个基金。他希望每年都把基金的利息用作奖金。可知，诺贝尔的奖金来自于基金的利息。故选A。
9．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever."阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔把他的一生都献给了他的研究和工作，以及造福人类。他所有的钱都是靠自己的努力赚来的，但他让世界分享他的财富。他的发明和财富将永远与世人同在。可知，他与全世界分享他的发明和财富，他是一个无私的人。故选C。
阅读理解
Sylvester Stallone has one of the most motivating success stories. Before he made it big, he was essentially a starving artist. For many years after his college years, he worked odd jobs to pay the bill while simultaneously taking on any acting role he could find to keep his dream of becoming a successful actor alive.
Most people don't know this about Sylvester Stallone, but as a young man, he was determined to become a big movie star in Hollywood. He longed to become a great director, producer, and writer. Everyone told him it could not be done, but he wasn't one to take no for an answer. And after finding little luck in the New York's film scene, he decided to take his chances in Los Angeles.
It was a struggle that Sylvester would endure for many years, seven in fact. Throughout all of those seven challenging years, Sylvester would gain a few small roles in a handful of movies, but nothing grand enough to get his career launched. During those seven long years of striving, he came face-to-face with near poverty. Getting so desperate for money, he at one point had to sell his wife's jewelry. And he even had to sell his dog because he couldn't keep him fed. And to top it all, there came a point where Sylvester was homeless, and had to sleep outside for a number of days.
But his days of struggle as an aspiring actor would not last forever. After facing seemingly many hardships for over seven years, he would finally get his big break. And this break would come after he managed to get a script he wrote in a three-day flurry of inspiration in front of two big-shot directors in Hollywood. It was this defining moment that would turn the tide for Sylvester, and his career would skyrocket after he negotiated the lead role in the film that would come to be known as Rocky.
Since then, Sylvester, and his series of movies revolving around Rocky have been inspiring people all around the world. His success story is one that should be observed, retold, and shared, just as much as his movies are.
10．How did Sylvester feel about becoming a film star when he was young
A．It would be impossible. B．It would take lots of luck.
C．It would involve struggles. D．It would come true for sure.
11．What event marked a rise in Sylvester's career
A．He negotiated the lead role in the film Rocky.
B．He went to Los Angeles for more opportunities.
C．He became homeless and slept outside for many days.
D．He succeeded in showing his script to two great directors.
12．Sylvester's life story is written to .
A．remember the famous actor B．describe how he succeeded
C．motivate others to pursue dreams D．explain the popularity of his movie
【答案】10．D
11．A
12．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了影星西尔维斯特·史泰龙追求梦想的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Everyone told him it could not be done， but he wasn't one to take no for an answer."每个人都说他的梦想不会实现，但他没有轻言放弃，所以年轻时的西尔维斯特对他成为电影明星的信念十分坚定。故选D。
11．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"his career would skyrocket after he negotiated the lead role in the film that would come to be known as Rocky"可知西尔维斯特演艺事业的腾飞是在他签约成为后来大卖的电影《洛奇》的主演之后。故选A。
12．考查推理判断。通读全文可知本文讲述了西尔维斯特追求自己的梦想的故事，结合最后一段中的"his series of movies revolving around Rocky have been inspiring people all around the world"他围绕《洛基》拍摄的一系列电影激励了全世界的人们，可知，作者讲述西尔维斯特的故事是为了鼓舞人们追求自己的梦想。故选C。
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Twelve women have won the Nobel Prize for science, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognised for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.
When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didn't become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.
In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska travelled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time for chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time who became famous as a scientist.
13．Mary Anning was one of the first women to .
A．research animals and their bones
B．study the mystery of all kinds of plants
C．win the Nobel Prize for science after getting married
D．make achievements in the study of the ancient history of the earth
14．What can we learn about Marie Sklodowska
A．She only got one Nobel Prize during her lifetime.
B．She made many discoveries after she got married.
C．She studied physics in Poland and got a college education.
D．She received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903 on her own.
15．What's the passage mainly about
A．Different prizes. B．Ancient discoveries.
C．Women scientists. D．Successful marriages.
【答案】13．D
14．B
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了历史上女科学家的故事，其中有居里夫人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
13．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognised for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. "19世纪初，在英国，玛丽·安宁因其对地球古代历史的发现而成为首批被认可的女性之一。故选D。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. "玛丽和皮埃尔·居里结婚了，并一起做出了许多发现。故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章介绍了几位女性科学家及所做出的贡献。故选C。
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直击2023高考英语（乙卷） 阅读理解 话题1 人物传记
一、2023真题
（2023·全国乙卷）阅读理解
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461 - 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c. 1789 - 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A．Doing teaching jobs. B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery. D．Being banned from medicine.
2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A．She wrote a book. B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist. D．She had formal education.
3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry. D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
二、冲刺练
（2023高一下·盐湖月考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B. 、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years
Jane Addams(1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank Addams helped the poor and worked for peace She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize
Rachel Carson(1907-1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans
Sandra Day O'Connor(1930-present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U S Supreme Court O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court
Rosa Parks(1913-2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger Her simple act landed Parks in prison B. ut it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement "The only tired I was, was tired of giving in," said Parks
4．What is Jane Addams famous for in history
A．Her social work B．Her teaching skills
C．Her efforts to win a prize D．Her community background
5．What was the reason for O'Connor's being refused by the law firm
A．Her lack of proper training in law
B．The discrimination against women
C．Her little work experience in court
D．The poor financial conditions
6．Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US
A．Jane Addams B．Rachel Carson
C．Sandra Day O'Connor D．Rosa Parks
阅读理解
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set it up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives (炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons (武器). Isn't this something that surprises you The man who made money from weapons should set up the Nobel Peace Prize
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest (利息) from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
7．What was Alfred's business
A．Making explosives and selling weapons.
B．Not making and selling weapons.
C．Making and selling explosives and weapons.
D．Making weapons and selling explosives.
8．Where do the Nobel Prizes come from
A．All the interest from the fund. B．All Nobel's money in his company.
C．All Nobel's money in the fund. D．Some of the interest in the fund.
9．Nobel was a ( an ) person in the world.
A．interesting B．kind-hearted C．unselfish D．richest
阅读理解
Sylvester Stallone has one of the most motivating success stories. Before he made it big, he was essentially a starving artist. For many years after his college years, he worked odd jobs to pay the bill while simultaneously taking on any acting role he could find to keep his dream of becoming a successful actor alive.
Most people don't know this about Sylvester Stallone, but as a young man, he was determined to become a big movie star in Hollywood. He longed to become a great director, producer, and writer. Everyone told him it could not be done, but he wasn't one to take no for an answer. And after finding little luck in the New York's film scene, he decided to take his chances in Los Angeles.
It was a struggle that Sylvester would endure for many years, seven in fact. Throughout all of those seven challenging years, Sylvester would gain a few small roles in a handful of movies, but nothing grand enough to get his career launched. During those seven long years of striving, he came face-to-face with near poverty. Getting so desperate for money, he at one point had to sell his wife's jewelry. And he even had to sell his dog because he couldn't keep him fed. And to top it all, there came a point where Sylvester was homeless, and had to sleep outside for a number of days.
But his days of struggle as an aspiring actor would not last forever. After facing seemingly many hardships for over seven years, he would finally get his big break. And this break would come after he managed to get a script he wrote in a three-day flurry of inspiration in front of two big-shot directors in Hollywood. It was this defining moment that would turn the tide for Sylvester, and his career would skyrocket after he negotiated the lead role in the film that would come to be known as Rocky.
Since then, Sylvester, and his series of movies revolving around Rocky have been inspiring people all around the world. His success story is one that should be observed, retold, and shared, just as much as his movies are.
10．How did Sylvester feel about becoming a film star when he was young
A．It would be impossible. B．It would take lots of luck.
C．It would involve struggles. D．It would come true for sure.
11．What event marked a rise in Sylvester's career
A．He negotiated the lead role in the film Rocky.
B．He went to Los Angeles for more opportunities.
C．He became homeless and slept outside for many days.
D．He succeeded in showing his script to two great directors.
12．Sylvester's life story is written to .
A．remember the famous actor B．describe how he succeeded
C．motivate others to pursue dreams D．explain the popularity of his movie
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Twelve women have won the Nobel Prize for science, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognised for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.
When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didn't become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.
In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska travelled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time for chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time who became famous as a scientist.
13．Mary Anning was one of the first women to .
A．research animals and their bones
B．study the mystery of all kinds of plants
C．win the Nobel Prize for science after getting married
D．make achievements in the study of the ancient history of the earth
14．What can we learn about Marie Sklodowska
A．She only got one Nobel Prize during her lifetime.
B．She made many discoveries after she got married.
C．She studied physics in Poland and got a college education.
D．She received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903 on her own.
15．What's the passage mainly about
A．Different prizes. B．Ancient discoveries.
C．Women scientists. D．Successful marriages.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇人物类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，她搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术；以及第三段中的“ She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”1813年，她获得了外科医生的资格，然后加入了英国军队，在海外服役。Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业。可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都能进行外科手术。故选C。
2．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.“1511年，Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活。可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. ”四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性，可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
【知识点】细节理解题；人物传记类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了对人类发展产生重大影响的四位女性Jane Addams、Rachel Carson、Sandra Day O'Connor以及Rosa Parks的故事，赞扬她们为人类进步所做出的巨大贡献。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇人物类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
4．考查细节理解。根据 Jane Addams(1860-1935) 部分中的"Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank."任何曾经得到过社工帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams。可知，任何一个得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams。所以说，正是Jane Addams推动了社会工作的发展，她才因此而出名。故选A。
5．考查细节理解。根据 Sandra Day O'Connor(1930-present) 部分中的"When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman."1952年，当Sandra Day O 'Connor以全班第三名的成绩毕业于斯坦福法学院时，她找不到律师事务所的工作，因为她是女性。可知，因为是女性，Sandra Day O'Connor在律师事务所找不到工作。所以说，律师事务所拒绝O'Connor主要是因为她是一位女性，也就是对妇女的歧视。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据 Rosa Parks(1913-2005) 部分中的"It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. ‘The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,' said Parks."它持续了一年多，并拉开了民权运动的序幕。Parks说："我唯一感到疲倦的是，我厌倦了屈服。"可知，正是因为Rosa Parks的努力，美国的民权运动才得以推进，她对美国的人权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
【答案】7．C
8．A
9．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了诺贝尔奖的创办人Alfred Nobel是一位著名的发明家和工业家，其一生努力工作，也是欧洲最富有的人之一，他无私的把自己攒下的积蓄和世界分享的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives (炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons (武器)."他的生意可能会让你大吃一惊。他制造并销售炸药。他的公司甚至制造和销售武器。可知，生意是制作炸药和武器。故选C。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest (利息) from the fund to be used as prizes every year."根据他的遗嘱，他的大部分钱都存入了一个基金。他希望每年都把基金的利息用作奖金。可知，诺贝尔的奖金来自于基金的利息。故选A。
9．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever."阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔把他的一生都献给了他的研究和工作，以及造福人类。他所有的钱都是靠自己的努力赚来的，但他让世界分享他的财富。他的发明和财富将永远与世人同在。可知，他与全世界分享他的发明和财富，他是一个无私的人。故选C。
【答案】10．D
11．A
12．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了影星西尔维斯特·史泰龙追求梦想的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Everyone told him it could not be done， but he wasn't one to take no for an answer."每个人都说他的梦想不会实现，但他没有轻言放弃，所以年轻时的西尔维斯特对他成为电影明星的信念十分坚定。故选D。
11．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"his career would skyrocket after he negotiated the lead role in the film that would come to be known as Rocky"可知西尔维斯特演艺事业的腾飞是在他签约成为后来大卖的电影《洛奇》的主演之后。故选A。
12．考查推理判断。通读全文可知本文讲述了西尔维斯特追求自己的梦想的故事，结合最后一段中的"his series of movies revolving around Rocky have been inspiring people all around the world"他围绕《洛基》拍摄的一系列电影激励了全世界的人们，可知，作者讲述西尔维斯特的故事是为了鼓舞人们追求自己的梦想。故选C。
【答案】13．D
14．B
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了历史上女科学家的故事，其中有居里夫人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
13．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognised for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. "19世纪初，在英国，玛丽·安宁因其对地球古代历史的发现而成为首批被认可的女性之一。故选D。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. "玛丽和皮埃尔·居里结婚了，并一起做出了许多发现。故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章介绍了几位女性科学家及所做出的贡献。故选C。
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