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2023年八年级暑期话题阅读天天练：自然灾害
（共10题）
一、阅读理解题（共10题）
根据短文内容，回答问题
On May 12, a big earthquake in China hit Wenchuan, Sichuan. Buildings fell down and the city was destroyed. A lot of people lost their lives.
Premier Wen Jiabao got on a plane to Chengdu 尽快地. He was leading rescue (救援) work there.
During the earthquake, many school buildings fell down. Students were buried. But they didn't give up hope. Many got out with help. Here are some stories about the brave students.
Jiang Dejia and Liao Li are both students from Shifang Yinghua Middle School in Deyang. They were buried in the school rubble (碎砖) for two days. Jiang and Liao didn't know each other before the earthquake. But they kept each other going during the two scary days. They were both rescued later.
A Junior 1 girl called Deng Qingqing from Shifang Yinghua Middle School was buried under the rubble. She was cold and hungry. But the brave girl had a flashlight (手电筒). She used it to help her read books.
Li Anning, 16, is from Beichuan Middle School. She and her classmates sang songs under the rubble to comfort each other. The PLA soldiers and policemen were trying to find people alive in the rubble. Helicopters (直升机) airdropped food, water and medicine. Medical teams went to the quake -hit areas. People outside Sichuan were also offering money, blood and other things to help.
(1) How many brave students are mentioned in the passage
(2) Who were trying to find people alive in the rubble
(3) What were the people outside Sichuan doing
(4) 将文中画线的汉语翻译成英语。
(5) 将文中画线的英语翻译成汉语。
Have you ever heard of an avalanche (雪崩) The avalanche is a kind of sudden natural disaster like earthquakes. During an avalanche a lot of snow and ice rush down the mountain. As they rush, the snow and ice move faster and faster. In fact, snow from an avalanche can move as fast as two hundred miles an hour. That is three times faster than a car on a highway!
Most avalanches happen after big storms. In the mountains like the Alps and the Himalayas, there is snow and ice all year round. After big storms, new snow puts more pressure (压力) on the snow that is already in the mountains. It can make the old snow rush down.
Avalanches are very dangerous. Heavy snow moving down the mountains may pull trees and rocks along. That can cause great damage, such as pushing down houses and killing people. Luckily, no one lives in the mountains where avalanches are easy to happen. So not many people die from avalanches each year.
Most people who may lose their lives in avalanches are ski (滑雪) lovers. It's important for them to stay safe while having fun in the snow mountains. Scientists can usually tell whether (是否) an avalanche might happen or not. If you are a ski lover, remember to pay attention to scientists' warnings before you go skiing.
(1) What makes the old snow rush down the mountain
A．The pressure. B．The mountain. C．The storm. D．The ice.
(2) What should ski lovers do before skiing according to the passage
A．Go and talk to scientists about avalanches.
B．Learn about how to keep themselves safe.
C．Check whether there is an avalanche warning.
D．Live far away from the mountain with avalanches.
(3) The writer wrote the passage mainly to _____.
A．teach people to stay alive from avalanches
B．warn people of the possible avalanches
C．introduce a natural disaster
D．ask more people to go skiing
阅读短文，完成后面题目。
Last Friday, there (A) _____ a great storm. (B) It destroyed fourteen homes. Another seven homes were so badly damaged that their owners had to leave them. One person died, and several were badly hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.
A farmer, Mr. Black, said that the storm (C) began early in the evening and lasted (D) _____ over an hour.
"I was eating with my wife and children," he said, "When we heard a loud noise. (E) A few minutes later our house fell down. (F) 我们尽最大的努力爬出去。
Mrs. Woo said when she felt that her house was moving, she ran outside with her children at once. "There was no time to take anything," she said.
Soldiers helped people to go out of flooded area and the government brought them food, clothes and shelter (帐篷).
(1) 在文中(A)和(D)空白处填入合适的单词 _____, _____
(2) 写出划线部分(C)的近义词
_____
(3) 翻译划线部分(F)
(4) 划线句子(E)可改写为: Our house fell down _____ _____ _____ minutes.
(5) 文中划线部分(B)指代的是 _____
On April 14th at 7:49 a.m., the town of Jyekundo in Kham, was struck by a 6.9 magnitude earthquake. My family and I were in our 3rd floor apartment when the earthquake hit. There was a smaller earthquake (around 4.7) that happened around 4 a.m. and neither my wife nor I could get back to sleep. When the big earthquake hit, my wife was using her computer while our younger son Norbu (18 months old) was playing in the living room. Tsering, our older son who is 3 years old, was still asleep in the back bedroom of the 3 bedrooms apartment we were living in.
Norbu flew across the room when the earthquake hit. My wife was also thrown to the ground. Everything in our apartment began to be tossed around, breaking when it hit the walls or floor. I ran to the back bedroom and grabbed Tsering as my wife grabbed Norbu off the floor. Together, we ran to the door, I stopped long enough to grab my shoes, coat and a bit of money. I opened the door and one of our neighbors helped us carry Tsering down to the ground floor. I was the only one of my family who managed to get shoes.
After the earthquake, we were able to see that this was a major earthquake. We began to hear people crying for help, badly injured people crawling to the road and people weeping for loved ones who had died.
(1) What didn't the writer do in the earthquake
A．He stopped to grab his shoes, coat and a little money.
B．He went down to the ground floor.
C．He ran to the back bedroom and grabbed Tsering.
D．He grabbed Nobu off the floor.
(2) When did the smaller earthquake happen
A．At 3:00 a.m. B．At 6:09 a.m. C．At 4:00 a.m. D．At 7:49 a. m.
(3) What did people not do after the earthquake
A．People cried for help.
B．People were able to have a rest.
C．Injured people were crawling to the road.
D．People were weeping for dead loved ones.
(4) What is the correct order of the following statements
a. Everything in our apartment began to be tossed around.
b. A smaller earthquake happened around 4 a.m.
c. I began to hear people weeping for loved ones who had died.
d. I stopped long enough to grab my shoese.
e. My wife was using her computer.
A．beadc B．ebadc C．bedac D．eabdc
(5) Which is the best title for the article
A．A Major Earthquake B．My Family
C．What to Do in an earthquake D．My Good Neighbors
Earthquakes
Earthquakes are sudden, unexpected and terrible. No other force (力量) of nature can cause so much damage as seriously as earthquakes. No other force kills so many lives in so little time. In May, 1960, Chile was hit by the biggest earthquake of the twentieth century. In just a few seconds, villages were destroyed, and cities were seriously damaged. Over 2,000 people were killed, and more than 3,000 were injured. Worse still, a tidal wave (海啸) arrived after the earthquake. Land flooded and more people were killed not only in Chile but also in other parts of the world.
An earthquake is a sudden shaking of ground. There are many causes, but almost all of them are caused by changes in the Earth's surface. Many of the earthquakes happen where there are faults (断层) in the Earth's surface.
Earthquakes are very common. They happen around the world. There may be as many as 1,000,000 earthquakes on our planet each year. Unfortunately, earthquakes are still unpredictable. All we can do is to offer help and save as many lives as possible just as the motto (座右铭) of the American Red Cross goes, "Together, we can save a life."
(1) Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
( )The 1960 Chilean earthquake lasted for only a few seconds, but more than 2,000 people were killed.
( )Changes in the Earth's surface cause all the earthquakes in the world.
( )Earthquakes might happen in places with faults on the Earth's surface.
( )Earthquakes happen in a few places in the world.
( )People can do nothing about earthquakes. Victims are always left helpless.
(2) Complete the passage with the italicized words and expressions in the reading passage in their proper forms.
Floods, tidal , hurricanes and earthquakes are all powerful forces of . When they occur, they always cause destruction. They not only take lives, but also change the Earth's .
These natural disasters are and unexpected. No one knows for sure when and where they might . , because of global warming and human activities, they are becoming more and more frequent on our .
Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones can hurt people. Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake.
If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide under a desk. Stay away from windows or anything that can fall on you.
If you are outdoors, move to a dear place. Try to be away from trees, signs, buildings and streetlights. These can fall on you.
If you are in a shop and far from the door, don't try to run outside or rush for exits (出口). Everyone will be doing that and you'll find it hard to get out. Don't get into a lift during an earthquake. Just hide under some strong furniture near you.
When an earthquake has ended, be careful because after-shocks may still happen. These are just as dangerous as the earthquake itself. So stay under the desk until you make sure it's safe to get up.
If you are at home and you smell gas, open the windows and get out of the building as quickly as you can. A gas line in your house may be broken. This can be very dangerous.
(1) ( )There are many _____ earthquakes on Earth every year.
A．big B．weak C．strong D．dangerous
(2) ( )If you are outdoors, it will be safe to _____.
A．stay under a tree B．go into a building
C．go to a payground D．stand by the window
(3) ( )If you are shopping in a shop, you should _____.
A．hide under the desk near the window
B．rush to the exit far away and get outside
C．hide under some strong furniture near you
D．rush to a lift to get down and leave the shop
(4) ( )According to the passage, when the earthquake has ended, you'd better _____.
A．get out of the building at once
B．be careful about the affer-shocks
C．stay under the desk for a long time
D．call the police about the earthquake
(5) ( )The passage mainly tells us _____.
A．how to be safe in an earthquake
B．how to run away in an earthquake
C．how an earthquake takes place
D．how dangerous the earthquake is
Super Typhoon Megi crashed into the Philippines on Monday, leaving a trail of destruction in its path. Thousands of residents fled to safety as heavy rains and strong winds caused Hooding, collapsed trees and cut off power. It was the strongest storm to hit the island nation in four years.
At least seven people died in the storm, and at least six others were injured by falling trees, broken rooftops and glass, officials said More than 4,150 residents were forced to take shelter in schools, town halls, churches and relatives' homes.
A typhoon is a tropical cyclone, or hurricane, that occurs in the western Pacific or Indian Oceans. The storm is named a "super typhoon" when winds exceed 150 mph. Megi crashed ashore in the Isabela province of the northern Philippines with whipping winds that reached 162 mph. The storm created big waves in Palanan Bay. All ships and fishing boats were advised to stay in ports. Several airline flights were canceled.
Luckily, the winds blew high from the ground, sparing many rice fields from damage, says Alvaro Antonio, the governor of Cagayan province. The region also took a hard hit from the storm.
Thousands of military reserve officers and volunteers stood by to help with relief efforts. Evacuations and emergency preparations for the storm were made days in advance. Retired army Major General Benito Ramos heads the Philippines' disaster-preparedness agency. He said readying for the typhoon was like "preparing for war."
Notes:
①tropical cyclone 热带气旋
②evacuation n. 疏散
③collapsed adj. 倒塌的
(1) How many people were homeless in this natural disaster
A．At least six. B．At least seven.
C．About 13. D．More than 4.150.
(2) Which of the following description about typhoon is RIGHT
A．It is a tropical cyclone occurs in the eastern Pacific.
B．It is a hurricane occurs in the Atlantic Ocean.
C．When winds exceed 100 mph, the storm is named a "super typhoon".
D．It can bring a great destruction.
(3) What does the underlined word mean
A．Avoiding. B．Loosing. C．Taking. D．Protecting.
(4) Which of the following didn't get involved in this disaster
A．Military reserve officers. B．Volunteers.
C．Army. D．Disaster-preparedness agency.
(5) What can we infer from the major General's words
A．The preparing work is all done by soldiers.
B．The preparing work is a hard and responsible task.
C．The army should get into the relief efforts.
D．They did the same thing with soldiers.
A journalist is interviewing a victim in an earthquake-stricken area.
J = journalist V = victim
J: Excuse me. I'm a journalist with China Daily.
V: Not at all.
J: When did the earthquake occur
V: Last night, at about 12 o'clock.
J:
V: It's hard to say. We haven't got the exact number yet. So far we have found 50 people were killed.
J: Then, how many houses were destroyed
V: About 100. That's why there are so many homeless people here.
J:
V: Sure. But the Red Cross has provided us with a lot of relief materials (救灾物资). They've also sent 50 volunteers including doctors and nurses to help us.
J: I'm sure you'll overcome the difficulties in a short time and rebuild your hometown.
V: I hope so.
J: Well, thank you very much for your time.
V: You're welcome.
(1)
A．By the way, is there a lack of food, water, medicine or clothes
B．Please go ahead.
C．How terrible!
D．Would you mind my asking you a few questions
E．That's great!
F．May I ask how many people were killed
(2)
A．By the way, is there a lack of food, water, medicine or clothes
B．Please go ahead.
C．How terrible!
D．Would you mind my asking you a few questions
E．That's great!
F．May I ask how many people were killed
(3)
A．By the way, is there a lack of food, water, medicine or clothes
B．Please go ahead.
C．How terrible!
D．Would you mind my asking you a few questions
E．That's great!
F．May I ask how many people were killed
(4)
A．By the way, is there a lack of food, water, medicine or clothes
B．Please go ahead.
C．How terrible!
D．Would you mind my asking you a few questions
E．That's great!
F．May I ask how many people were killed
(5)
A．By the way, is there a lack of food, water, medicine or clothes
B．Please go ahead.
C．How terrible!
D．Would you mind my asking you a few questions
E．That's great!
F．May I ask how many people were killed
(6)
A．By the way, is there a lack of food, water, medicine or clothes
B．Please go ahead.
C．How terrible!
D．Would you mind my asking you a few questions
E．That's great!
F．May I ask how many people were killed
Maybe you know floods, earthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But have you heard of typhoons
Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September.
How does a typhoon happen When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles (圆圈) and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins.
A typhoon has two parts, one is called the "eye". In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are the strongest winds and hardest rains.
Typhoons are very dangerous. In November, 2013, Typhoon Haiyan killed 6,300 people in Philippines. More people are missing.
What to do when a typhoon hits
●Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them.
●Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!
●Listen to the radio or TV for important information.
●If you're told to go to a safer place, do it right now.
(1) This passage is most probably from _____.
A．an advertisement of a typhoon B．a travel record
C．a weather report D．a science magazine
(2) In which order (顺序) does a typhoon happen
a. The wind moves fast enough, a typhoon starts.
b. The air moves quickly, making wind.
c. The sun makes sea water hot.
d. The air gets warmer.
A．d-c-b-a B．c-d-b-a C．c-d-a-b D．d-b-a-c
(3) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The warmer the air gets, the slower the wind moves.
B．No people died because of Typhoon Haiyan around the world.
C．The strongest winds and hardest rains are in the wall of clouds.
D．A typhoon will not happen before the wind goes faster than 30 km a second.
(4) When a typhoon comes, we can NOT _____.
A．close all the windows B．listen to typhoon news
C．stay in the strong house D．go outside to find a safer place
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Earthquakes happen without warnings (前兆). They can happen at any time of a day, at any point during the year. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people.
However, it's important to know what to do when an earthquake happens.
Do not go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines (输电线).
Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.
Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake, not by the shaking itself.
Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire. If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it's safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and don't drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you.
(1) Most earthquakes are too _____ to hurt people.
A．strong B．weak C．dangerous D．heavy
(2) From the passage, when an earthquake happens, we should _____.
A．stay under a big building B．stay under strong furniture
C．stand by windows D．drive near a big bridge
(3) It isn't safe for you to _____ when an earthquake happens.
A．run out of the building B．stay in a corner of the building
C．cover your head with your arms D．cover your mouth with a towel
(4) This passage tells us _____.
A．how dangerous the earthquake is
B．how to be safe in an earthquake
C．we shouldn't be afraid of the earthquake
D．how the earthquake comes into being
答案
一、阅读理解题（共10题）
1. 【答案】
(1) Four.
(2) The PLA soliders and the policemen.
(3) They were also offering money, blood and other things to help.
(4) as quickly as possible
(5) 但是他们不放弃希望。
【解析】
(1) 通读全文知是4个。
(2) 由第五段可知。
(3) 由第五段可知。
(4) as quickly as possible 尽可能地快。
(5) give up 放弃。
2. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) C
3. 【答案】
(1) was; for
(2) started
(3) We tried our best to climb out.
(4) in a few
(5) The storm
4. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) C
(3) B
(4) C
(5) A
5. 【答案】
(1) T, F, T, F, F
(2) waves, nature, surface, sudden, happen, Worse still, planet
6. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) C
(4) B
(5) A
7. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) D
(3) A
(4) C
(5) B
8. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) F
(4) C
(5) A
(6) E
9. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
10. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) B
(3) A
(4) B

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