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真光中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学测试
英语
2023.8
本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2.5分，共37.5）
A
These science-themed field trips will offer you fantastic experiences.
London’s sites of scientific interest
Explore London’s notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors.
Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory. You will never be far from the river as you experience a wide range of topics including wildlife, medicine, power generation, engineering, physics and astronomy.
The science history of Scotland
Discover Edinburgh and Glasgow’s most famous scientific thinkers, and learn how their ideas supported our emerging understanding of the world from the 16th century onwards.
Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙). Learn about the wide cast of advocates and hear from guest speakers, take part in walking seminars (研讨会) and enjoy several museum trips, as well as visits to two industrial wonders, the Falkirk Wheel and the Whitelee Windfarm.
Pre-Historic Southwest England
Involve yourself in the early human periods the Bronze and Iron Ages. A gentle walking tour that explores the pre-historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset.
Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums.
1．Which site can you visit along the River Thames
A．Maiden Castle.
B．The Falkirk Wheel.
C．The Wetland Centre.
D．The Salisbury museums.
2．What is the visit to the Southwest England aimed at
A．A closer look at the past.
B．A brief exposure to nature.
C．A new view about my steries.
D．A deeper understanding of art.
3．What can visitors expect during all the three trips
A．Talks with experts.
B．Visits to museums.
C．History explorations.
D．Scientific research.
B
As parents, we always hope to develop character traits in our children that will enhance their success in life. When our daughter Meegan, the eldest of five children, lost her front tooth at the age of six, we found the following note wrapped around the tiny tooth.
Der Tooth Fairy,
Pleze leve me yor majik wand (杖). I want to be a tooth fairy, too.
Luv Meegan
Recognizing potential leadership skills, precious opportunity and the teachable moment, the “Tooth Fairy” left the following note for little Meegan:
Dear Meegan.
I have worked hard to be a good Tooth Fairy and I love my job. You are too young for the job just now. so I cannot give you my wand. But there are some things that you can start to do to prepare yourself for the job.
1）Always do your best in every job that you do.
2）Treat all people as you wish to be treated.
3）Be kind and helpful to others.
4）Always listen carefully whenever people speak to you. I will interview you one day when you are older and ready for the job
Good Luck, Meegan!
The Tooth Fairy
Meegan was thrilled at the response from the Tooth Fairy. She took the message to heart and carefully followed the instructions, always working to improve as she grew. Her character, her strength and her leadership skills grew right along with her. After graduating magna cum laude (以优秀成绩) from college. Meegan accepted a challenging management position. She excelled, and by age 27, she was the top manager of the company.
One day Meegan and I were talking about her success. She told me that the company president had once asked her what influences had motivated her toward success.
“What did you tell him ” I asked.
She replied. “My parents, my teacher and my friends. And, of course, the Tooth Fairy!”
4．What does the underlined phrase “the teachable moment” refer to
A．Meegan lost a tooth. B．Meegan wrapped a tooth.
C．Meegan wrote a note. D．Meegan received a note.
5．Who wrote the reply note to Meegan
A．The Tooth Fairy. B．Her parents. C．Her teacher. D．Her friends.
6．Why was the message so carefully followed by Meegan
A．It helped Meegan see her goal reachable.
B．It promised Meegan a high-ranking position.
C．It demonstrated desirable character traits to Meegan.
D．It taught Meegan to build enjoyable interpersonal relationships.
7．How did Meegan become so successful
A．She was gifted with supernatural power.
B．She was appreciated for outstanding talent.
C．She was motivated to develop fine qualities.
D．She was encouraged to work in a challenging position.
C
Last year, 138,000 San Francisco residents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking number for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, as San Francisco voters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.
The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.
Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.
The app has had unintended consequences in San Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company's image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.
“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Proposition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practices in San Francisco and other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.
San Francisco is in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4,000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay, San Francisco simply doesn't have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking to Silicon Valley.
As the Los Angeles Times reported, some San Francisco residents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve the city’s existing problems.
8．The intention of Proposition F is to ______.
A．place time limits in local election. B．set limits on short-term rental.
C．strike down a controversial rule. D．urge users to vote against Airbnb.
9．What is the negative consequence of Airbnb on San Francisco
A．It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.
B．Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.
C．It makes the house market more competitive.
D．It indirectly leads to high house rental price.
10．The housing crisis in San Francisco results from ______.
A．explosion of the living cost B．its geographic characteristics
C．generosity of local enterprises D．inflow of migrant population
11．The author’s attitude toward Proposition F is ______.
A．objective B．supportive
C．negative D．indifferent
D
Humans are not the only ones who underwent self-domestication. So did our close relatives, the bonobos, and the species we call our best friend. A tiny proportion of the genome (基因组) differentiates dogs from wolves, and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at the edge of extinction.
When our research group began its work almost 20 years ago, we discovered that dogs also have extraordinary intelligence: they can read our gestures better than any other species. Wolves, in contrast, are mysterious and unpredictable. Their home is the wilderness, and that wilderness is reducing.
But not so long ago the evolutionary race between dogs and wolves was so close, it was unclear who would win. Dogs, in fact, did not descend from wolves. Instead, dogs and wolves shared a wolf-like ancestor.
Folklore supposes that humans brought wolf puppies into camp and domesticated them. Or as wolf expert David Mech wrote in 1974,“Evidently early humans tamed wolves and domesticated them, eventually selectively breeding them and finally developing the domestic dog from them.” But this story has not held up. Taming an animal occurs during its lifetime. Domestication happens over generations and involves changes to the genome.
So how did wolves turn into dogs Back in the Ice Age, as our human populations grew more sedentary, we probably created more rubbish, which we then dumped outside our camps. These leavings would have included tempting pieces of food for hungry wolves. Not every wolf would have been able to scavenge (觅食，拾荒), however. These animals would have had to be unafraid of humans, and if they displayed any aggression toward us, they would have been killed.
After generations of selection for friendliness without intentional selection by humans, this special population of wolves would have begun to take on a different appearance. Coat color, ears,
tails: all probably started to change.
Animals that could respond to our gestures and voices would be extremely useful as hunting partners and guards. They would have been valuable as well for their warmth and companionship, and slowly we would have allowed them to move from outside our camps to our firesides. We did not domesticate dogs. The friendliest wolves domesticated themselves.
12．What can be summarized about wolves and dogs from the first three paragraphs
A．Wolves are smarter than dogs.
B．They are very much racially divided.
C．They are close relatives but dogs seem to be on the winning side.
D．Dogs have made their ways to indoor life while wolves to the wild.
13．What is the meaning of the underlined word “sedentary” in paragraph 5
A．diverse B．limited
C．living in the same place D．involving regular migration
14．What does the author conclude from the history of dogs and wolves
A．Dogs evolved from wolves.
B．Selective breeding developed domestic dogs.
C．Taming and domesticating an animal are the same thing.
D．Friendliness as a quality translates into an evolutionary strategy.
15．Which of the following is suitable for a title
A．From Wolf to Dog B．Dog: Our Favorite Pet
C．An Intentional Domestication D．A Competition Story between Wolf and Dog
第二节、七选五（共5小题，每题2.5分，共12.5分）
Color is in everything we touch, taste, smell and feel. It evokes (唤起) emotion without any thought. 16 We are all familiar with it, but do you know the following facts
Silver will save your life. When buying a new car and finding yourself facing various choices, you can’t think clearly. Your best choice is to go with silver. Silver-colored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident. 17 Another reason is the silver color’s ability to have a look of cleanliness.
18 Tough prisoners and crazy patients It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control. So it surely has a useful place and a purpose, other than decorating a dress or Barbie’s dream house.
Yellow makes you hungry. Yellow and orange are not recommended for use in kitchens, as they have a positive influence on your appetite. 19 I’m not normally one for conspiracy (阴谋) theories- but perhaps there’s something in it for them if we remain ignorant of yellow’s effects.
Color is an imaginary friend. Technically, it’s all in our heads: color does not exist at all. 20 So, it you start a heated debate over color combinations with someone that you are certain has a low IQ or is just color-blind, remember it’s a pointless argument and you should drop it instantly. You’re both wrong.
A．Pink comforts the nerves.
B．Blue is the most common favorite color.
C．They are most noticeable on the road and in low light.
D．Yellow-colored walls seldom leave us wanting more food.
E．It can be the focus of our careers, our lifestyle and the fun we have.
F．Then where would our restaurant owners be without the clever tricks
G．Color tries to make sense of the huge amount of information from the outer world.
第二部分；语言运用(两节，满分30分)
第一节、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
A new week began. Marcus entered the school. 21 , he cried out, “What happened to the stadium ” Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall!
All students were whispering with 22 about the graffiti (涂鸦). Possible explanations spread like wildfire around the school.
Later, when Brian cleaned the blackboard, Marcus suddenly spotted the paint on his hands. He 23 that it was Brian who did it. After school, Marcus followed Brian and 24 on what he was doing. When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint! He decided to 25 it to Mr. Johnson.
The next morning, Brian was called to the principal’s office. The moment Mr. Johnson 26 asked about the graffiti, Brian cried. 27 , Brian explained that he liked to paint, but he couldn't join the art club because he had to go 28 home after school to babysit his little brother. “I’m sorry. I’ll clean the stadium,” he sobbed.
Though angry at first, Mr. Johnson began to soften as he realized how 29 Brian was. “Brian, painting graffiti on school walls is a very serious matter. Of course you should clean and 30 the wall.” Mr. Johnson paused, “ 31 I must say, those paintings are quite good. Did you do it alone ” Brian nodded, “Yes. I’m good at painting.”
Mr. Johnson thought for a moment before making a (n) 32 . “Well,” he said, “some teachers suggested that we hire a local artist to paint our school mascot on the school wall. Would you like to participate in that ”
“Really ” Brian hesitated, 33 to believe it.
“Yes, but it’s hard work, and we can consider it part of your 34 ,” Mr. Johnson said, trying to hide his 35 as he picked up the phone.
21．A．Gradually B．Generally C．Usually D．Suddenly
22．A．curiosity B．disappointment C．fear D．relief
23．A．wiped B．examined C．scanned. D．suspected
24．A．spied B．reflected C．commented D．hit
25．A．make B．report C．describe D．retell
26．A．hesitantly B．patiently C．directly D．sympathetically
27．A．Ashamed B．Surprised C．Excited D．Satisfied
28．A．slowly B．late C．deliberately D．right
29．A．fortunate B．miserable C．relaxed D．naughty
30．A．repaint B．hide C．build D．repair
31．A．And B．So C．Or D．But
32．A．promise B．choice C．decision D．appointment
33．A．unable B．unwilling C．unlikely D．unhappy
34．A．responsibility B．talent C．devotion D．punishment
35．A．regret B．anger C．smile D．Pride
第二节、语法填空（共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
Acting was, is and always will be the first love of the National Peking Opera Company’s new vice-president, Tian Lei, Chen Nan reports.
Huguosi Street was one of Beijing’s 36 (busy) commercial roads in the olden days. It also 37 (house) the residence of Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang (1894-1961). Not far from Mei’s address, the first theater for Peking Opera 38 (perform) was created in 1954, five years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
The neighborhood 39 (change) over the decades, but the theater still stands tall and is 40 (current) managed by the National Peking Opera Company. Tian Lei treasures the hours he spends there, training and rehearsing (排练). Wearing a costume and 41 (arm) with a prop spear (道具长矛), the 42-year-old walks confidently across the stage, 42 (practice) a variety of martial art movements, before ending the drill with a liangxiang (striking a pose on the stage).
Tian has been working with the opera company for 10 years. Its premises (处所) are 43 10-minute drive from the theater and his colleagues train there. He, however, prefers the historic stage. “I come to the theater almost every day because I enjoy the peace and emptiness this building offers. Rehearsing here helps me feel closer 44 the Peking Opera masters 45 once graced the stage,” he says.
第三部分 写作（共40分）
第一节、应用文写作（共15分）
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Chris想到中国读大学，学习并体验中国文化。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．推荐大学；2．你的理由；3．你的期待。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节、读后续写（共25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A freezing downpour washed the street in front of the small-town bar. I sat gazing into the watery darkness, alone as usual. I had been in that old bar for half an hour, quietly drinking, when my thoughtful eyes finally focused on a medium-sized lump (一团) in a puddle (水洼) a hundred feet away. For another ten minutes, I looked out through the window trying to decide if the lump was an animal or just something.
The night before, a German dog named She p had come into the bar begging for potato chips. He was starving and just the size of the lump in the puddle. Why should a dog lie in a cold puddle in the freezing rain I asked myself. The answer was simple: Either it wasn’t a dog, or it was, he was too weak to get up.
The wound in my right shoulder ached all the way down my fingers. I didn’t want to go out in the storm. Hey.it wasn’t my dog. It was just a stray on a cold rainy night. a lonely drifter (流浪者). So was I. I thought. as I tossed (扔) down what was left of my drink and headed out the door.
He was lying in the three inches of water. When I touched him, he didn’t move. I thought he was dead. I put my hands around his chest and raised him to his feet. He stood unsteadily, and his head hung like a weight at the end of his neck. His floppy ears were just hairless pieces of flesh dotted with open sores (伤口).
“Come on, Shep,” I said, leading him to a corner next to the bar, where he lay on the cold cement and closed his eyes. A block away I could see the lights of a late-night convenience store. It was still open. I bought three cans of dog food and fed him. He couldn’t swallow but poorly look at me. He was dying!
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右：
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The local vet (兽医) was still at his office, so I loaded the poor creature into a taxi and headed there.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Three days later, when I opened the door of the vet’s, Shep welcomed me with wild enthusiasm.
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