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2023年河南省周口市项城市中考英语三模试卷
四、阅读理解（共40分）阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按要求做题。
11．（10分）
Science you'll laugh at
You might know the Nobel prize，but do you know the Ig Nobel prize？People set it up in 1991.It actually has nothing to do with the Nobel prize but its name.It's an award for "science achievements that first make people laugh and then make them think".There are many prizes for new and funny studies of 2022.Here are some of our favorites：
Safety engineering prize：moose crash test dummy Crash dummies（碰撞试验假人模型）are models of people.We use them to test how safe people are in a car crash.Now a man has come up with a moose（麋鹿）crash dummy.In Sweden，there are lots of wild moose.Every day around 13 moose there get hit by cars，said the dummy creator Magnus Gens.So he used 116 rubber（橡胶）plates and steel to make the dummy.It lets car engineers test how cars can be safer when these crashes happen.
Economics prize：success goes to the luckiest Do you think hard work is the only way to be successful？Well，these winning scientists say that while hard work and education are very important，luck really does make a difference.Using a math model，they studied 1，000 people's lives over 40 years.They found that average（普通的）people may be more successful than very smart and hardworking people if they can be in the right place at the right time.
Medicine prize：ice cream helps reduce pain Cancer patients（癌症患者）often get bad sores on their mouths and tongues because of treatments.The sores can make it hard to eat food.Scientists found that sucking on ice cream helps. So the doctors give people，especially children，ice cream.Now a study of 74 patients shows that ice﹣cream really does help!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
（1）What can we know about the Ig Nobel prize from the text？ 　 　
A.It is part of the Nobel prize.
B.It is an award set up in the year 1991.
C.It is about science achievements that only make people laugh.
D.It is about science achievements that can never make people think.
（2）How many moose get hit by cars in Sweden every day？ 　 　
A.Around 13.
B.Around 113.
C.Around 16.
D.Around 116.
（3）Which words can best describe these studies？ 　 　
A.fun and useless.
B.fun but useful.
C.sad and useless.
D.sad but useful.
（4）According to the passage，average people may be more successful if they 　 　.
A.stay in the right place
B.are lucky enough
C.work hard to be smart
D.appear at the right time
（5）Which of the following is False？ 　 　
A.There are four different prizes mentioned in the text.
B.Cancer patients often get sores because of treatments.
C.Scientists found out that only hard work cannot make a person successful.
D.The moose dummy lets car engineers test how moose can be safer in crashes.
12．（10分）I have been told many times that we should cherish（珍惜） what we have.But I never truly under﹣stood it until a year ago.
When I graduated from junior high school，I was sad.When the bell rang，my classmates walked out of the door，exchanging their last words of farewell（再会） and giving last﹣minute hugs.I knew that there would be little chance for all of us to sit in one room again.
Once more I passed the tree under which we exercised，exchanged answers for homework，and even played together.I could not remember how many times we had put a snowball down into somebody's collar（衣领） during a snowball fight when our head teacher wasn't looking from the second floor.By then，the tree leaves were young and beautiful ，like little fairies（仙女） dancing in the sunshine.Now，however，they seemed to say goodbye to each other every time a light wind blew past.
We are just like those leaves!After we had grown up together，we would have to go to different places.Time flies and things change quickly.The hardworking gardeners were nowhere to be seen，just like our head teacher who was diagnosed（诊断） with cancer and had to stay at home just before the end of our junior high school life.
Why did I not cherish those happy hours？Why did I complain about the small difficulties and unhappiness？▲ And how badly I want to live these three years again now!
I had no answer to these questions.So，I opened my notebook and viewed my notes of junior high…and there it was：a photograph in which my 14﹣year﹣old self and my best friend stood smiling and joking during an autumn tour to Shaanxi.
I had indeed lived those joyful days and enjoyed those precious moments.Smiling to myself，I packed（收拾） the notebook and went on with my journey，a journey that I must take alone.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
（1）Why did the writer feel sad when he graduated？ 　 　
A.Because his classmates walked out of the door.
B.Because his classmates gave each other last﹣minute hugs.
C.Because there was little chance for him and his classmates meet again.
D.Because he didn't want to graduate from junior high school.
（2）What did the writer and his classmates use to do under the tree？ 　 　
A.They used to exercise.
B.They used to exchange answers.
C.They used to play together.
D.All of the above.
（3）What does the underlined word "cherish" probably mean？ 　 　
A.珍惜
B.利用
C.度过
D.浪费
（4）Which sentence can be put in ▲？ 　 　
A.I'm so sad I wasted three years.
B.I don't want to go on with my journey.
C.I miss my friends and want to stay with them forever.
D.I came，I cherished，and there was nothing that I had missed.
（5）What can we infer from the passage？ 　 　
A.The writer and his classmates will go to the same senior high school.
B.The writer saw some fairies dancing in his junior high school.
C.The headteacher of the school was seriously ill.
D.The writer's junior high school is in Shaanxi.
13．（10分）
When we see comic characters swell up（肿） after eating peanuts in Western TV shows，we often feel confused.
Our confusion can be explained by the results of a new Chinese study.It found that Chinese adults and children are more likely to be allergic to seafood and less likely to be allergic to peanuts compared to people in Europe and the US.The difference means that culture，diet and environment can play an important role in types of food allergy.The study was published in late August，2022 in China CDC Weekly.
In another recently published study in China CDC Weekly，researchers found that the prevalence （流行）of food allergies in the population was 8 percent from 2009 to 2018，up from 5 percent from 1999 to 2008.It means that the prevalence of food allergies in China is rising.
Luo Xiaoqun，a doctor at Fudan University's Huashan Hospital，said that the rise of food allergies is happening worldwide.
For most common people，reading allergen labels（过敏源标签） on food packages is an easy way to protect themselves from food allergy.However，food allergen labeling in China largely is not compulsory（强制的） and it follows an international standard that includes eight major food types such as milk，fish，shellfish，peanuts，soybean，nuts，eggs and wheat which may not be suitable for Chinese people."China has made improvements in setting food labeling standards in recent years，and we hope our findings can speed the process of making our own labeling standard in the near future，"Chen Hongbing，one of the researchers at Nanchang University，told China Daily.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
（1）What is the author's purpose of writing paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.To introduce food that causes allergy.
B.To compare different types of allergies.
C.To describe what an allergy is.
D.To lead in to a study about allergies.
（2）What can we learn from the two recent studies？ 　 　
A.Chinese are less likely to have allergies than Westerners.
B.More Chinese suffer from food allergies than before.
C.Fewer Chinese are allergic to sea food than in 2008.
D.Allergies are mainly caused by diets.
（3）Which of the following cannot play an important role in the types of food allergy？ 　 　
A.The way of cooking.
B.The diet of a place.
C.The environment of a place.
D.The traditional culture of a place.
（4）According to the passage and the picture，Chinese people are probably more allergic to 　 　than westerners.
①milk
②fish
③shellfish
④eggs
⑤peanuts
⑥shrimps
⑦beef
⑧mangoes
A.①②③
B.④⑤⑥
C.②③⑤
D.⑥⑦⑧
（5）What do we know about food allergen labeling in China at present？ 　 　
A.Not all food packages have allergen labeling.
B.All allergen labeling follows an international standard.
C.It shows eight major food types.
D.It is quite popular with food producers.
五、信息还原
14．（10分）Among all of my teachers，I loved my first﹣grade teacher most.Her name was Mrs Gross but there was nothing gross about her.（1）　 　She had a sweet and friendly smile.My happiest school memories are of the times I spent in her classroom.
（2）　 　We were doing math problems that were written on the blackboard.Mrs Gross walked through the classroom，checking on our work.I finished first and lifted my head up as Mr Gross walked up behind me.（3）　 　Then she said，" This is excellent work，Joe.You are a brilliant boy."（4）　 　It felt so good to be seen.From that moment on，I wanted to be as smart as she thought I already was.I worked hard to be the best person I could be.
As the poet David Whyte wrote，"People are hungry，and one good word is bread for a thousand."（5）　 　Every kind word is a treasure.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A.She looked at my work and smiled.
B.She was a lady who has great patience.
C.One such memory is still with me to this day.
D.Mrs Gross showed me how much one person could influence another.
E.As she walked on，she gently touched my shoulder.
六、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D、四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
15．（15分）A couple lived at the top of a hill for more than 40 years.They had a simple life and mostly lived（1）　 　bread and vegetables.But they were（2）　 　for what they had.
Once a week，the couple would sit in front of the fireplace and（3）　 　a piece of apple pie（派）.Eating the（4）　 　was the only luxury（奢侈的事） for them，and they mostly spent these best times sharing stories，joking and（5）　 　a good laugh.
The husband only ate the flaky crust（酥皮） of the pie while the wife（6）　 　loved the warm filling.（7）　 　they divided up the pie happily.
One winter，the man（8）　 　seriously ill.The wife sat by his side and he said that he had（9）　 　to tell her.Taking（10）　 　hand，the man said there was a（11）　 　that he had kept from her all this time.
The woman held her breath to listen to her husband.Then her husband smiled and said that he（12）　 　liked the crust of pies.
The woman was speechless（说不出话的） at first but asked（13）　 　he ate the crust all the time.The husband said it gave him great joy to give her what she liked.
Hearing this，the woman smiled.She told her husband that they truly were a（14）　 　.All those（15）　 　that they were together，she also tried to make him happy by choosing the filling while in fact，she preferred the crust.
（1） A.at B.on C.for D.in
（2） A.careful B.forgetful C.thankful D.wonderful
（3） A.share B.make C.cook D.show
（4） A.cake B.bread C.meat D.pie
（5） A.playing B.buying C.borrowing D.having
（6） A.only B.sadly C.clearly D.quickly
（7） A.But B.So C.Though D.As
（8） A.fell B.felt C.caused D.caught
（9） A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything
（10） A.his B.her C.your D.its
（11） A.truth B.sentence C.lie D.story
（12） A.always B.sometimes C.usually D.never
（13） A.how B.when C.why D.where
（14） A.set B.couple C.group D.team
（15） A.days B.weeks C.months D.years
七、语篇填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
16．（15分）
play，have，think，one，on ，compete，get，they ，excite，now
Liu Qingyi，a break﹣dancer from Henan，won the World Battle 2022 break dancing contest in Portugal on Sept 4.This event（1）　 　high﹣level performers from more than 50 countries and regions.Earlier（2）　 　Aug 7，she won at Outbreak Europe 2022 in Slovakia，which made her the（3）　 　Chinese break﹣dancer to win the world's top break﹣dancing（4）　 　.
Break dancing was born in New York City，US，in the early 1970s.The dance has many floor moves.Calling（5）　 　B﹣boys or B﹣girls，break﹣dancers dance along to hip﹣hop music.
Six years ago，the then 10﹣year﹣old Liu saw a group of people break﹣dancing on the street for the first time.She（6）　 　it was " so cool "，and started to practice，too.（7）　 　she has made history in Chinese break dancing.
In competitions，break﹣dancers have one﹣on﹣one battles（斗舞），which，according to Liu，is also the most（8）　 　part.Dancers do improvised moves（即兴动作） as random（随机的） music（9）　 　.It calls for great strength and style.
Liu showed both."I want people to see something different every time instead of（10）　 　bored with me after the first surprise，"she said in an interview after the competition.
八、阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词。
17．Last week，it was my dad's birthday.I decided that（1）　 　a present I would learn his favorite piece of music on the piano.The song is called Born to Run（2）　 　Bruce Springsteen.Lots of people helped me out.My sister helped by telling me the very high or very low notes that I wasn't used to reading.My mum secretly photocopied the music（3）　 　that I could practice at school.My form teacher found me a place to practise and my music teacher helped learn the piece by memory.My best friend Arshenyee encouraged me along the way.（4）　 　took me about three weeks to learn.（5）　 　I played it for my dad，it was a team effort!
九、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
18．（10分）A：Hi，Mary.
B：Hey，Lisa.Our vacation is coming to an end.We only have two days left.（1）　 　？
A：I'd love to but I can't.I still have lots of homework to do.I suppose I will stay at home during the last two days of the vacation.
B：（2）　 　.
A：Not exactly.My mother just bought me a new pet dog last week.She is very interesting.
B：（3）　 　？
A：She is a small white dog—cute，naughty and active.
B：Wow!Sounds nice.How I wish I could have such a pet.But my mother doesn't allow me to keep one.
A：Why not？
B：（4）　 　.And actually，I agree with her，so I think maybe I will only be able to keep a pet when I'm old enough to take care of a pet on my own.
A：You are right.We have to study hard now and that's why my mother takes care of my dog.By the way，have you finished your homework？
B：（5）　 　.
A：Then I think you'd better not go out to play.After all，if you have a happy time playing now，you will get into trouble with our teachers when we go back to school.
B：Then I'm going back home to do my homework.
十、书面表达（20分）
19．（20分）进入21世纪，中国快速发展，无论城市还是农村都发生了巨大变化。你的美国笔友Anderson看到社交媒体里日新月异的中国，很好奇你的家乡近年来发生的变化。请你（Li Hua）用英语复他。
要点：1）你的家乡在哪里；
2）你的家乡近年来发生的变化有哪些；
3）你的感受是什么。
要求：1）文中不得出现学生的真实姓名和学校名称；
2）词数100 左右。
Dear Anderson，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考答案与试题解析
四、阅读理解（共40分）阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按要求做题。
11．（10分）
Science you'll laugh at
You might know the Nobel prize，but do you know the Ig Nobel prize？People set it up in 1991.It actually has nothing to do with the Nobel prize but its name.It's an award for "science achievements that first make people laugh and then make them think".There are many prizes for new and funny studies of 2022.Here are some of our favorites：
Safety engineering prize：moose crash test dummy Crash dummies（碰撞试验假人模型）are models of people.We use them to test how safe people are in a car crash.Now a man has come up with a moose（麋鹿）crash dummy.In Sweden，there are lots of wild moose.Every day around 13 moose there get hit by cars，said the dummy creator Magnus Gens.So he used 116 rubber（橡胶）plates and steel to make the dummy.It lets car engineers test how cars can be safer when these crashes happen.
Economics prize：success goes to the luckiest Do you think hard work is the only way to be successful？Well，these winning scientists say that while hard work and education are very important，luck really does make a difference.Using a math model，they studied 1，000 people's lives over 40 years.They found that average（普通的）people may be more successful than very smart and hardworking people if they can be in the right place at the right time.
Medicine prize：ice cream helps reduce pain Cancer patients（癌症患者）often get bad sores on their mouths and tongues because of treatments.The sores can make it hard to eat food.Scientists found that sucking on ice cream helps. So the doctors give people，especially children，ice cream.Now a study of 74 patients shows that ice﹣cream really does help!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
（1）What can we know about the Ig Nobel prize from the text？ 　B　
A.It is part of the Nobel prize.
B.It is an award set up in the year 1991.
C.It is about science achievements that only make people laugh.
D.It is about science achievements that can never make people think.
（2）How many moose get hit by cars in Sweden every day？ 　A　
A.Around 13.
B.Around 113.
C.Around 16.
D.Around 116.
（3）Which words can best describe these studies？ 　B　
A.fun and useless.
B.fun but useful.
C.sad and useless.
D.sad but useful.
（4）According to the passage，average people may be more successful if they 　B　.
A.stay in the right place
B.are lucky enough
C.work hard to be smart
D.appear at the right time
（5）Which of the following is False？ 　A　
A.There are four different prizes mentioned in the text.
B.Cancer patients often get sores because of treatments.
C.Scientists found out that only hard work cannot make a person successful.
D.The moose dummy lets car engineers test how moose can be safer in crashes.
【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了Ig Nobel奖，这是一个与诺贝尔奖无关的奖项，旨在奖励"首先让人们发笑，然后让人们思考"的科学成就。文章列举了2022年一些有趣的获奖研究，包括安全工程奖：麋鹿碰撞测试假人；经济学奖：成功取决于运气；医学奖：冰淇淋有助于减轻疼痛。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章开头"You might know the Nobel prize，but do you know the Ig Nobel prize？People set it up in 1991.It actually has nothing to do with the Nobel prize but its name.It's an award for "science achievements that first make people laugh and then make them think"."（你可能知道诺贝尔奖，但是你知道搞笑诺贝尔奖吗？人们在1991年设置的它。它实际上除了它的名字与诺贝尔奖无关。这是一个"科学成就首先让人开怀大笑，然后让他们思考"的奖。）可知，B选项"它是在1991年设置的一个奖项"符合原文，故选B。
（2）细节判断题。根据文章图表第一栏中"Every day around 13 moose there get hit by cars，said the dummy creator Magnus Gens."（每天约13只麋鹿会被车撞，假人模型创造者Magnus Gens说。）可知，每天在悉尼约13只麋鹿会被车撞，故选A。
（3）细节判断题。根据文章开头中"There are many prizes for new and funny studies of 2022.Here are some of our favorites："（有很多2022年新的、有趣的研究奖项。这里有一些我们最喜欢的：）以及列举的奖项"Safety engineering prize：moose crash test dummy"（安全工程奖：麋鹿碰撞试验假人）、"Economics prize：success goes to the luckiest"（经济学奖：成功是最幸运的）、"Medicine prize：ice cream helps reduce pain"（医学奖：冰淇淋有助于减轻疼痛）可知，作者列举了一些新的、有趣的、有用的奖项，故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章图表第二栏中"They found that average（普通的）people may be more successful than very smart and hardworking people if they can be in the right place at the right time."（他们发现普通人如果他们能在正确的时间在正确的位置可能比非常聪明和勤劳的人更成功。）可知，正确的时间正确的位置，就是天时地利，即所说的幸运，因此普通人足够幸运的话，可能比非常聪明和勤劳的人更成功，故选B。
（5）细节判断题。根据文章内容和图表列举对象，可知作者主要列举了三个有趣而且有用的奖项，即"Safety engineering prize：moose crash test dummy"（安全工程奖：麋鹿碰撞试验假人）、"Economics prize：success goes to the luckiest"（经济学奖：成功是最幸运的）、"Medicine prize：ice cream helps reduce pain"（医学奖：冰淇淋有助于减轻疼痛），因此A选项"短文中提到有四个奖项"与原文不符，故选A。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．（10分）I have been told many times that we should cherish（珍惜） what we have.But I never truly under﹣stood it until a year ago.
When I graduated from junior high school，I was sad.When the bell rang，my classmates walked out of the door，exchanging their last words of farewell（再会） and giving last﹣minute hugs.I knew that there would be little chance for all of us to sit in one room again.
Once more I passed the tree under which we exercised，exchanged answers for homework，and even played together.I could not remember how many times we had put a snowball down into somebody's collar（衣领） during a snowball fight when our head teacher wasn't looking from the second floor.By then，the tree leaves were young and beautiful ，like little fairies（仙女） dancing in the sunshine.Now，however，they seemed to say goodbye to each other every time a light wind blew past.
We are just like those leaves!After we had grown up together，we would have to go to different places.Time flies and things change quickly.The hardworking gardeners were nowhere to be seen，just like our head teacher who was diagnosed（诊断） with cancer and had to stay at home just before the end of our junior high school life.
Why did I not cherish those happy hours？Why did I complain about the small difficulties and unhappiness？▲ And how badly I want to live these three years again now!
I had no answer to these questions.So，I opened my notebook and viewed my notes of junior high…and there it was：a photograph in which my 14﹣year﹣old self and my best friend stood smiling and joking during an autumn tour to Shaanxi.
I had indeed lived those joyful days and enjoyed those precious moments.Smiling to myself，I packed（收拾） the notebook and went on with my journey，a journey that I must take alone.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
（1）Why did the writer feel sad when he graduated？ 　C　
A.Because his classmates walked out of the door.
B.Because his classmates gave each other last﹣minute hugs.
C.Because there was little chance for him and his classmates meet again.
D.Because he didn't want to graduate from junior high school.
（2）What did the writer and his classmates use to do under the tree？ 　D　
A.They used to exercise.
B.They used to exchange answers.
C.They used to play together.
D.All of the above.
（3）What does the underlined word "cherish" probably mean？ 　A　
A.珍惜
B.利用
C.度过
D.浪费
（4）Which sentence can be put in ▲？ 　A　
A.I'm so sad I wasted three years.
B.I don't want to go on with my journey.
C.I miss my friends and want to stay with them forever.
D.I came，I cherished，and there was nothing that I had missed.
（5）What can we infer from the passage？ 　C　
A.The writer and his classmates will go to the same senior high school.
B.The writer saw some fairies dancing in his junior high school.
C.The headteacher of the school was seriously ill.
D.The writer's junior high school is in Shaanxi.
【分析】这篇短文主要写了作者在初中毕业时的感慨和反思。作者在同学们离别的那一刻意识到珍惜现有的东西的重要性。他回忆起和同学们一起度过的快乐时光，感叹时间的飞逝和事物的变化。作者反思自己为什么没有珍惜那些快乐的时光，为什么抱怨那些小困难和不快。最后，作者在笔记本中发现了一张自己和最好的朋友在陕西秋游时的照片，意识到自己曾经享受过那些宝贵的时刻。他微笑着继续自己的旅程，这是一段必须独自走完的旅程。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段I knew that there would be little chance for all of us to sit in one room again.（我知道我们可能很少有机会再坐在同一间屋子里了。）可知作者伤心是因为可能很少有机会与同学们相聚了。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Once more I passed the tree under which we exercised，exchanged answers for homework，and even played together.（我再次经过我们锻炼，交流作业答案甚至一起玩的那棵树下）可知作者和同学们在树下锻炼，交流作业答案，一起玩。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据倒数第三段Why did I not cherish those happy hours？Why did I complain about the small difficulties and unhappiness？（为什么我不珍惜那些愉快的时光呢？为什么我要抱怨那些小小的困难与不开心呢？）根据两句的逻辑关系可知此处指作者后悔没有珍惜愉快的时光。故选A。
（4）句子还原题。根据倒数第三断And how badly I want to live these three years again now!（现在我们多么想三年再重来一次啊！）可知作者后面没有好好珍惜三年的时间，A选项"浪费了三年我很伤心。"符合题意。故选A。
（5）细节推理题。根据第四段The hardworking gardeners were nowhere to be seen，just like our head teacher who was diagnosed（诊断） with cancer and had to stay at home just before the end of our junior high school life.（辛勤的园丁再也看不到了，就像我们的班主任被诊断出癌症，在我们结束初中生活前不得不在家养病。）可知作者的老师病得很严重。故选C。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
13．（10分）
When we see comic characters swell up（肿） after eating peanuts in Western TV shows，we often feel confused.
Our confusion can be explained by the results of a new Chinese study.It found that Chinese adults and children are more likely to be allergic to seafood and less likely to be allergic to peanuts compared to people in Europe and the US.The difference means that culture，diet and environment can play an important role in types of food allergy.The study was published in late August，2022 in China CDC Weekly.
In another recently published study in China CDC Weekly，researchers found that the prevalence （流行）of food allergies in the population was 8 percent from 2009 to 2018，up from 5 percent from 1999 to 2008.It means that the prevalence of food allergies in China is rising.
Luo Xiaoqun，a doctor at Fudan University's Huashan Hospital，said that the rise of food allergies is happening worldwide.
For most common people，reading allergen labels（过敏源标签） on food packages is an easy way to protect themselves from food allergy.However，food allergen labeling in China largely is not compulsory（强制的） and it follows an international standard that includes eight major food types such as milk，fish，shellfish，peanuts，soybean，nuts，eggs and wheat which may not be suitable for Chinese people."China has made improvements in setting food labeling standards in recent years，and we hope our findings can speed the process of making our own labeling standard in the near future，"Chen Hongbing，one of the researchers at Nanchang University，told China Daily.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
（1）What is the author's purpose of writing paragraph 1？ 　D　
A.To introduce food that causes allergy.
B.To compare different types of allergies.
C.To describe what an allergy is.
D.To lead in to a study about allergies.
（2）What can we learn from the two recent studies？ 　B　
A.Chinese are less likely to have allergies than Westerners.
B.More Chinese suffer from food allergies than before.
C.Fewer Chinese are allergic to sea food than in 2008.
D.Allergies are mainly caused by diets.
（3）Which of the following cannot play an important role in the types of food allergy？ 　A　
A.The way of cooking.
B.The diet of a place.
C.The environment of a place.
D.The traditional culture of a place.
（4）According to the passage and the picture，Chinese people are probably more allergic to 　D　than westerners.
①milk
②fish
③shellfish
④eggs
⑤peanuts
⑥shrimps
⑦beef
⑧mangoes
A.①②③
B.④⑤⑥
C.②③⑤
D.⑥⑦⑧
（5）What do we know about food allergen labeling in China at present？ 　A　
A.Not all food packages have allergen labeling.
B.All allergen labeling follows an international standard.
C.It shows eight major food types.
D.It is quite popular with food producers.
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了中国食物过敏的患病率正在上升以及阅读食品包装上的过敏原标签是一种保护自己远离过敏原的简单方法。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段When we see comic characters swell up（肿） after eating peanuts in Western TV shows，we often feel confused.（当我们在西方电视节目中看到漫画人物吃花生后肿胀时，我们经常感到困惑。）以及第二段Our confusion can be explained by the results of a new Chinese study.（我们的困惑可以用中国一项新研究的结果来解释。） 可推知，第一段的作用是介绍一项关于过敏的研究。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段In another recently published study in China CDC Weekly，researchers found that the prevalence （流行）of food allergies in the population was 8 percent from 2009 to 2018，up from 5 percent from 1999 to 2008.It means that the prevalence of food allergies in China is rising. （在《中国疾病控制与预防中心周刊》最近发表的另一项研究中，研究人员发现，从2009年到2018年，人口中食物过敏的患病率为8%，高于1999年到2008年的5%。这意味着中国食物过敏的患病率正在上升。） 可知，与以前相比，越来越多的中国人患有食物过敏。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第二段The difference means that culture，diet and environment can play an important role in types of food allergy.（这种差异意味着文化、饮食和环境在食物过敏类型中起着重要作用。）可知烹饪的方法在食物过敏的种类中不能起重要作用。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据It found that Chinese adults and children are more likely to be allergic to seafood and less likely to be allergic to peanuts compared to people in Europe and the US.（研究发现，与欧美人相比，中国成年人和儿童更容易对海鲜过敏，对花生过敏的可能性较小。）可知中国人可能比西方人更过敏的有⑥虾⑦牛肉⑧芒果。故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据最后一段However，food allergen labeling in China largely is not compulsory（强制的） and it follows an international standard that includes eight major food types such as milk，fish，shellfish，peanuts，soybean，nuts，eggs and wheat which may not be suitable for Chinese people."China has made improvements in setting food labeling standards in recent years，and we hope our findings can speed the process of making our own labeling standard in the near future，"Chen Hongbing，one of the researchers at Nanchang University，told China Daily.（然而，中国的食品过敏原标签在很大程度上不是强制性的，它遵循国际标准，包括牛奶、鱼、贝类、花生、大豆、坚果、鸡蛋和小麦等八种主要食品，这些食品可能不适合中国人。南昌大学研究员陈红兵在接受《中国日报》采访时表示："近年来，中国在制定食品标签标准方面取得了进步，我们希望我们的研究结果能在不久的将来加快制定我们自己的标签标准的进程。"）可知，目前中国的食品过敏原标签不能在所有食品包装上看到。故选A。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
五、信息还原
14．（10分）Among all of my teachers，I loved my first﹣grade teacher most.Her name was Mrs Gross but there was nothing gross about her.（1）　B　She had a sweet and friendly smile.My happiest school memories are of the times I spent in her classroom.
（2）　C　We were doing math problems that were written on the blackboard.Mrs Gross walked through the classroom，checking on our work.I finished first and lifted my head up as Mr Gross walked up behind me.（3）　A　Then she said，" This is excellent work，Joe.You are a brilliant boy."（4）　E　It felt so good to be seen.From that moment on，I wanted to be as smart as she thought I already was.I worked hard to be the best person I could be.
As the poet David Whyte wrote，"People are hungry，and one good word is bread for a thousand."（5）　D　Every kind word is a treasure.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A.She looked at my work and smiled.
B.She was a lady who has great patience.
C.One such memory is still with me to this day.
D.Mrs Gross showed me how much one person could influence another.
E.As she walked on，she gently touched my shoulder.
【分析】短文主要讲述了作者对他的一年级老师格罗斯夫人的深深喜爱和怀念。
【解答】推理判断题。
（1）根据后句She had a sweet and friendly smile.（她有一个甜美而友好的微笑。）可知，空处也应是对老师的介绍。选项B"她是一位非常有耐心的女士。"符合语境。故选B。
（2）根据下文We were doing math problems that were written on the blackboard.Mrs Gross walked through the classroom，checking on our work.（我们正在做黑板上写的数学题。格罗斯夫人穿过教室，检查我们的作业。）可知，空处应是说关于老师的记忆。选项C"一段这样的记忆至今仍伴随着我。"符合语境。故选C。
（3）根据前句I finished first and lifted my head up as Mr Gross walked up behind me.（我第一个完成了，当格罗斯先生走到我身后时，我抬起了头。）可知，空处应是老师对我们作数学题的评价。选项A"她看着我的题笑了。"符合语境。故选A。
（4）根据后句It felt so good to be seen.（被看到的感觉真好。）可知，空处应是老师做的事情。选项E"她走着时，轻轻地碰了碰我的肩膀。"符合语境。故填E。
（5）根据后句Every kind word is a treasure.（每一句善意的话都是一笔财富。）可知，空处应是说一个人的话对另一个人的影响。选项D"格罗斯夫人向我展示了一个人对另一个人的影响有多大。"符合语境。故选D。
【点评】首先通读全文，了解文章大意；其次掌握每段的主旨大意，并选出中心句；最后要再次阅读文章检查，避免错误。
六、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D、四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
15．（15分）A couple lived at the top of a hill for more than 40 years.They had a simple life and mostly lived（1）　B　bread and vegetables.But they were（2）　C　for what they had.
Once a week，the couple would sit in front of the fireplace and（3）　A　a piece of apple pie（派）.Eating the（4）　D　was the only luxury（奢侈的事） for them，and they mostly spent these best times sharing stories，joking and（5）　D　a good laugh.
The husband only ate the flaky crust（酥皮） of the pie while the wife（6）　A　loved the warm filling.（7）　B　they divided up the pie happily.
One winter，the man（8）　A　seriously ill.The wife sat by his side and he said that he had（9）　C　to tell her.Taking（10）　B　hand，the man said there was a（11）　C　that he had kept from her all this time.
The woman held her breath to listen to her husband.Then her husband smiled and said that he（12）　D　liked the crust of pies.
The woman was speechless（说不出话的） at first but asked（13）　C　he ate the crust all the time.The husband said it gave him great joy to give her what she liked.
Hearing this，the woman smiled.She told her husband that they truly were a（14）　B　.All those（15）　D　that they were together，she also tried to make him happy by choosing the filling while in fact，she preferred the crust.
（1） A.at B.on C.for D.in
（2） A.careful B.forgetful C.thankful D.wonderful
（3） A.share B.make C.cook D.show
（4） A.cake B.bread C.meat D.pie
（5） A.playing B.buying C.borrowing D.having
（6） A.only B.sadly C.clearly D.quickly
（7） A.But B.So C.Though D.As
（8） A.fell B.felt C.caused D.caught
（9） A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything
（10） A.his B.her C.your D.its
（11） A.truth B.sentence C.lie D.story
（12） A.always B.sometimes C.usually D.never
（13） A.how B.when C.why D.where
（14） A.set B.couple C.group D.team
（15） A.days B.weeks C.months D.years
【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了一对夫妇在山顶上生活了40多年。他们过着简单的生活，主要靠面包和蔬菜为生。但他们对自己拥有的一切感到满足。有一年冬天，丈夫病得很重。妻子守在他身边，他说有件事要告诉她。然后丈夫微笑着说，他其实一直只喜欢馅饼的酥皮。起初，妻子无言以对，但她问丈夫为什么一直吃酥皮。丈夫说，给她喜欢的东西让他感到很快乐。听到这个，妻子微笑了。她告诉丈夫他们真的是一对完美的夫妻。在他们在一起的所有时光里，她也尽力让他开心，选择馅料，而实际上她更喜欢酥皮。
【解答】（1）考查介词。句意：他们过着简朴的生活，主要靠面包和蔬菜为生。A在；B在……上；C为了；D在……里。根据空前They had a simple life （他们过着简朴的生活）可知，他们主要以面包和蔬菜为生。live on以……为生。故选B。
（2）考查形容词。句意：但他们感激他们所拥有的。A小心的；B健忘的；C感激的；D精彩的。根据上文They had a simple life and mostly lived on bread and vegetables.（他们过着简朴的生活，主要靠面包和蔬菜为生。）可知，但他们感激他们所拥有的。故选C。
（3）考查动词。句意：每周，这对夫妇会坐在壁炉前，分享一块馅饼。A分享；B制作；C烹饪；D展示。根据下文So they divided up the pie happily.（所以他们愉快地分了馅饼。）可知，每周，他们分享一块馅饼。故选A。
（4）考查名词。句意：对他们来说，吃馅饼是唯一的奢侈，他们大部分时间都在分享故事、开玩笑和开怀大笑。A蛋糕；B面包；C肉；D馅饼。根据上文Once a week，the couple would sit in front of the fireplace and share a piece of apple pie.（每周，这对夫妇会坐在壁炉前，分享一块馅饼。）可知，对他们来说，吃馅饼是唯一的奢侈。故选D。
（5）考查动词。句意：对他们来说，吃馅饼是唯一的奢侈，他们大部分时间都在分享故事、开玩笑和开怀大笑。A玩；B买；C借；D进行。根据have a good laugh（开怀大笑）可知，空处使用have。故选D。
（6）考查副词。句意：丈夫只吃饼皮，而妻子只喜欢热乎乎的馅。A只；B伤心地；C清晰地；D快速地。根据下文So they divided up the pie happily.（所以他们愉快地分了馅饼。）可知，丈夫只吃饼皮，而妻子只喜欢热乎乎的馅。故选A。
（7）考查连词。句意：所以他们愉快地分了饼。A但是；B所以；C虽然；D作为。根据上文The husband only ate the flaky crust（酥皮） of the pie while the wife only loved the warm filling.（丈夫只吃饼皮，而妻子只喜欢热乎乎的馅。）可知，所以他们愉快地分了饼。故选B。
（8）考查动词。句意：一年冬天，这个男人得了重病。A降落；B感觉；C造成；D抓住。根据下文The wife sat by his side and he said that he had something to tell her.（妻子坐在他身边，他说有话要对她说。）可知，一年冬天，这个男人得了重病。fall ill生病。这里指的是已经重病的状态，故选A。
（9）考查电磁。句意：妻子坐在他身边，他说有话要对她说。A任何事；B没有事；C某事；D任何事。根据下文Taking her hand，the man said there was a lie that he had kept from her all this time.（男人拉着妻子的手，男人说有一个一直瞒着她的谎言。）可知，男人有话要对妻子说。故选C。
（10）考查代词。句意：男人拉着妻子的手，男人说有一个一直瞒着她的谎言。A他的；B她的；C你的；D它的。根据下文the man said there was a lie that he had kept from her all this time.（男人说有一个一直瞒着她的谎言。）可知，男人抓住他妻子的手。故选B。
（11）考查名词。句意：男人拉着妻子的手，男人说有一个一直瞒着她的谎言。A事实；B句子；C谎言；D故事。根据空后that he had kept from her all this time（一直瞒着她的）可知，男人说有一个一直瞒着她的谎言。故选C。
（12）考查副词。句意：然后她的丈夫笑着说他从来都不喜欢馅饼的皮。A总是；B有时；C通常；D从不。根据上文Taking her hand，the man said there was a lie that he had kept from her all this time.（男人拉着妻子的手，男人说有一个一直瞒着她的谎言。）可知，她的丈夫笑着说他从来都不喜欢馅饼的皮。故选D。
（13）考查副词。句意：这个女人起初说不出话来，但问他为什么总是吃馅饼皮。A怎样；B何时；C为什么；D哪里。根据下文The husband said it gave him great joy to give her what she liked.（丈夫说，给她喜欢的东西让他非常高兴。）可知，妻子问丈夫为什么总是吃馅饼皮。故选C。
（14）考查名词。句意：她告诉她的丈夫，他们真的是一对。A一组；B一对；C群；D队。根据空前She told her husband（她告诉她的丈夫）可知，她说他们真的是一对。故选B。
（15）考查名词。句意：在一起的这些年里，她也试图通过选择馅料让他开心，而事实上，她更喜欢馅饼皮。A天；B周；C月；D年。根据上文A couple lived at the top of a hill for more than 40 years.（一对夫妇在山顶上住了40多年。）可知，在一起的这些年里。故选D。
【点评】首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
七、语篇填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
16．（15分）
play，have，think，one，on ，compete，get，they ，excite，now
Liu Qingyi，a break﹣dancer from Henan，won the World Battle 2022 break dancing contest in Portugal on Sept 4.This event（1）　had　high﹣level performers from more than 50 countries and regions.Earlier（2）　on　Aug 7，she won at Outbreak Europe 2022 in Slovakia，which made her the（3）　first　Chinese break﹣dancer to win the world's top break﹣dancing（4）　competition　.
Break dancing was born in New York City，US，in the early 1970s.The dance has many floor moves.Calling（5）　themselves　B﹣boys or B﹣girls，break﹣dancers dance along to hip﹣hop music.
Six years ago，the then 10﹣year﹣old Liu saw a group of people break﹣dancing on the street for the first time.She（6）　thought　it was " so cool "，and started to practice，too.（7）　Now　she has made history in Chinese break dancing.
In competitions，break﹣dancers have one﹣on﹣one battles（斗舞），which，according to Liu，is also the most（8）　exciting　part.Dancers do improvised moves（即兴动作） as random（随机的） music（9）　is played　.It calls for great strength and style.
Liu showed both."I want people to see something different every time instead of（10）　getting　bored with me after the first surprise，"she said in an interview after the competition.
【分析】这篇短文主要写了刘青一在2022年世界霹雳舞大赛中获胜的事情。这个比赛吸引了来自50多个国家和地区的高水平表演者。刘青一之前在2022年欧洲赛中获胜，成为第一个获得世界顶级霹雳舞冠军的中国舞者。霹雳舞诞生于20世纪70年代初的美国纽约市，舞蹈中有许多地板动作。刘青一在六年前第一次在街头看到有人跳霹雳舞时觉得很酷，开始练习。在比赛中，舞者们进行一对一的对决，需要展示出强大的力量和风格。刘青一在比赛后的采访中表示，她希望每次人们都能看到不同的东西，而不是在第一次惊喜后对她感到厌倦。
【解答】（1）考查动词时态。句意：这个比赛吸引了来自50多个国家和地区的高水平表演者。这个比赛发生在2022年，可知此句用一般过去时。故填had。
（2）考查介词。句意：早在8月7日，刘青一之前在2022年斯洛伐克举办的欧洲赛中获胜。on+具体日期。故填on。
（3）考查序数词。句意：使她成为第一个获得世界顶级霹雳舞冠军的中国舞者。此空前有the，可知此处用序数词，first表示"第一"。故填first。
（4）考查名词。句意：使她成为第一个获得世界顶级霹雳舞冠军的中国舞者。competition表示"比赛"，符合题意。故填competition。
（5）考查反身代词。句意：伴随着嘻哈音乐跳舞，这些舞者把自己称作B﹣boys或B﹣girls。themselves指代下句提到的"这些舞者"。故填themselves。
（6）考查动词时态。句意：她觉得很酷。此句讲她小时候的事，用一般过去时。think表示"认为"，thought是过去式。故填thought。
（7）考查副词。句意：现在她已经创造了中国霹雳舞的历史。根据句意可知此处描写现在的事。now表示"现在"，句首首字母需大写。故填Now。
（8）考查形容词最高级。句意：据刘说，在比赛中，舞者们进行一对一的对决是最令人兴奋的环节。此空前有the most可知此处考查形容词最高级。exciting表示"令人兴奋的"。故填exciting。
（9）考查动词时态语态。句意：随机的音乐播放时，舞者们要做出即兴动作。讲述实际情况，用一般现在时。主语是music和动词play之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态。故填is played。
（10）考查动名词。句意：她希望每次人们都能看到不同的东西，而不是在第一次惊喜后对她感到厌倦。of 是介词后面需用doing作宾语，get bored with表示"对......感到厌烦"。故填getting。
【点评】根据短文大意和语境选择合适的单词，并用其正确的形式填入空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺，语法正确，结构完整，注意单词的适当形式。
八、阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词。
17．Last week，it was my dad's birthday.I decided that（1）　as　a present I would learn his favorite piece of music on the piano.The song is called Born to Run（2）　by　Bruce Springsteen.Lots of people helped me out.My sister helped by telling me the very high or very low notes that I wasn't used to reading.My mum secretly photocopied the music（3）　so　that I could practice at school.My form teacher found me a place to practise and my music teacher helped learn the piece by memory.My best friend Arshenyee encouraged me along the way.（4）　It　took me about three weeks to learn.（5）　Although/Though　I played it for my dad，it was a team effort!
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主讲述了作者为了爸爸的生日练习弹钢琴曲的故事。
【解答】（1）考查介词。句意：我决定把学习他最喜欢的钢琴曲作为礼物送给他。根据语境，这里指"作为"一份礼物，应用介词as符合语境。故填：as。
（2）考查介词。句意：这首歌的名字是Bruce Springsteen的《Born to Run》。根据语境，这里表"由/被……（所唱）"，应用介词by符合语境。故填：by。
（3）考查连词短语。句意：我妈妈偷偷复印了音乐，这样我就可以在学校练习了。分析句式，题干是一个复合句；根据语境，题干从句表目的，且题线后有that，因此设空处应填so，构成连词短语so that表"以便、为了"，引导目的状语从句。故填：so。
（4）考查代词。句意：我花了大约三个星期的时间才学会。根据语境，题干使用了固定句型"It took sb some time to do sth."，意为"花费某人多少时间去做某事"，其中it是形式主语，to do不定式是真正的主语；注意句首单词首字母应大写。故填：It。
（5）考查连词。句意：虽然我是为我爸爸演奏的，但这是一个团队的努力!分析句式，题干是一个复合句；根据语境，设空处从句表让步，因此设空处应填although或though，意为"尽管、虽然"；注意句首单词首字母应大写。故填：Although/Though。
【点评】解答此类题目时，需先通读全文，了解文章大意，再根据上下文语境判断所设空处的词汇，需要考虑其词性、单复数形式、时态、语态、固定搭配等语法知识，最后结合句法结构正确作答。
九、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
18．（10分）A：Hi，Mary.
B：Hey，Lisa.Our vacation is coming to an end.We only have two days left.（1）　Would you like to go to the party with me　？
A：I'd love to but I can't.I still have lots of homework to do.I suppose I will stay at home during the last two days of the vacation.
B：（2）　It sounds boring　.
A：Not exactly.My mother just bought me a new pet dog last week.She is very interesting.
B：（3）　What is she like　？
A：She is a small white dog—cute，naughty and active.
B：Wow!Sounds nice.How I wish I could have such a pet.But my mother doesn't allow me to keep one.
A：Why not？
B：（4）　She thinks I should spend my time on my study　.And actually，I agree with her，so I think maybe I will only be able to keep a pet when I'm old enough to take care of a pet on my own.
A：You are right.We have to study hard now and that's why my mother takes care of my dog.By the way，have you finished your homework？
B：（5）　No　.
A：Then I think you'd better not go out to play.After all，if you have a happy time playing now，you will get into trouble with our teachers when we go back to school.
B：Then I'm going back home to do my homework.
【分析】这是一段邀请对方去玩的对话。
【解答】（1）根据下文I'd love to but I can't.（我想去但是我不能。）可知上文邀请对方出去玩，故填：Would you like to go to the party with me。
（2）根据上文I suppose I will stay at home during the last two days of the vacation.（我想假期的最后两天我会呆在家里。）及下文Not exactly.My mother just bought me a new pet dog last week.She is very interesting.（不完全是。我妈妈上周给我买了一只新的宠物狗。她很有趣。）可知B认为在家待着很无聊，故填：It sounds boring。
（3）根据下文She is a small white dog—cute，naughty and active.（她是一只小白狗——可爱、淘气、活泼。）可知上文询问小狗长什么样，故填：What is she like。
（4）根据上文But my mother doesn't allow me to keep one.（但是我妈妈不允许我养狗。）及Why not？（为什么不？）可知这里回答妈妈不让养狗的原因，故填：She thinks I should spend my time on my study。
（5）根据上文By the way，have you finished your homework？（顺便问一句，你写完作业了吗？）及下文Then I'm going back home to do my homework.（我将回家写作业。）可知B没有写完作业，故填：No。
【点评】根据问题选择合适的答语，注意汉语意思以及一些常用问题的回答术语。
十、书面表达（20分）
19．（20分）进入21世纪，中国快速发展，无论城市还是农村都发生了巨大变化。你的美国笔友Anderson看到社交媒体里日新月异的中国，很好奇你的家乡近年来发生的变化。请你（Li Hua）用英语复他。
要点：1）你的家乡在哪里；
2）你的家乡近年来发生的变化有哪些；
3）你的感受是什么。
要求：1）文中不得出现学生的真实姓名和学校名称；
2）词数100 左右。
Dear Anderson，
Yours，
Li Hua
【分析】【高分句型一】
People don't realize the importance of protecting the environment.
人们没有意识到保护环境的重要性。the importance of…的重要性。
【高分句型二】
I believe my hometown will be better and better.
我相信我的家乡会越来越好。I believe+宾语从句，比较级+and+比较级，越来越……
【解答】Dear Anderson，
My hometown is in the northeast of China.（家乡在哪儿）Over the last five years，my hometown has changed a lot in many ways.In the past，my hometown was very small.People there lived a poor life.They lived in old houses.People don't realize the importance of protecting the environment. 【高分句型一】Rubbish was seen here and there.Few visitors came here.（过去）
Now the living conditions have been greatly improved.People live a comfortable life.Their houses are big and bright. （住房）Many people have their own cars.Everyone begins to protect the environment.The streets are wide and clean.（交通） There are many green trees on both sides of the road.The mountains are green，the rivers are clean and the sky is blue.Thousands of visitors come here from all over the world.（绿化）We are happy every day now.（感受）
I hope to contribute to my hometown in the future.I believe my hometown will be better and better.【高分句型二】（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。

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