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Unit 11 Conflict and compromise (选择性必修四) 原卷版
一、重点单词分类——夯基础
(一)核心单词
1．___________ n. 折中，妥协
2．___________vt. 监督；监视；监测，检测
n. 显示器，监视器
3．___________vi.&vt. 打包
n. 包，包裹
4．___________n. 投票(指行为)；票数
5．___________ adj. 愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的
6．___________ adv. (非正式)尽管如此；至少
7．___________ adj. 偏僻的，偏远的
8．___________ n. 边缘，外围
9．___________ vt. 逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止
10．___________ adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的
11．___________ adj. 着迷的，有强烈兴趣的
12．___________vt.&vi. (使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼
13．___________vi.&vt. 回想，回忆起
14．___________ vi.&vt. 哭泣，流(泪)
15．___________ n. 惊恐，惶恐，惊慌
16．___________ vi.&vt. 祈求；祈祷
17．___________ n. 一大堆
18．___________ vt. 展示，陈列
19．___________ n. 子夜，午夜
20．___________num. 一打
21．___________ n. 仪式，典礼
22．___________ n. (尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件
23．___________vt. 禁止，取缔
n. 禁令，禁止
24．___________ adj. 不正确的，错的；假的；不真实的
25．___________ adj. 松的；宽大的
26．___________ n. & vt. 请求，要求
(二)拓展单词
1．___________ vi.&vt.谈判，协商→___________ n. 谈判，协商
2．___________ vi.&vt.询问，打听→___________ n. 询问，调查
3．___________vt.解决(问题、困难)→___________ n. 解决，决心
4．___________ n．不便，麻烦→___________ adj.不便的→___________ n．方便，便利→___________ adj. 方便的，便利的
5．___________vt.发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→___________ n．侦查，发觉，发现
6．___________ vt.使恼怒，使生气→___________ adj. 恼怒的，烦闷的→___________ adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的
7．___________ adj.内疚的，惭愧的→___________ n. 羞愧→___________ adj. 丢脸的，可耻的→___________ adj.无耻的
8．___________ n. 成熟→___________ adj. 成熟的
9．___________ vt.分配，分派，指派(任务)→___________ n. 任务，作业
10．___________ n．投诉→___________ vt. 抱怨；投诉
11．___________ vi.击鼓，打鼓→___________ n．鼓手
12．___________n. 决心，解决→___________vt.解决(问题、困难)
13．___________ n．警告，警示；告诫→___________ vt. 警告；告诫
14．___________ n. 离开，启程→___________vi.离开，出发
15．___________ adj.有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的→___________ n. 偏见，歧视
16. ___________ n．暴力行为，暴力→___________ adj. 暴力的→___________ adv. 激烈地，猛烈地
17．___________ vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容→___________ n. 容忍，忍受→___________ adj. 宽容的；容忍的
18．___________ vi.& vt.(使)退出(活动、组织等)→___________ n. 撤退，取消
19．___________ adv.坚定地，坚决地→___________adj. 坚定的
20．___________ n．谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪→___________ n. 谋杀犯
21．___________ n．身份证明(文件)→___________ vt.确认；识别；鉴别→___________ n．身份；同一性，一致
22．___________ n．代表，代理人→___________ vt.代表，表示；象征
23．___________ vt.问候，迎接，招呼→___________ n. 问候，招呼
24．___________ n．泥，烂泥→___________ adj. 泥泞的，含泥的
25．___________vt. 分发，分配，分送→___________ n．分发；分配；分布
26．___________ adj.暂时的，临时的；短期的→___________ adv. 暂时地，临时地
27．___________n．感激→___________vt. 感激；欣赏→___________ adj. 欣赏的，赞赏的；感激的
28．___________ vt.伤害 n．损害，危害→___________ adj. 有害的
29．___________ adj.理想的，值得拥有的；值得做的→___________ n. 欲望，心愿；vt. 想要，要求
30．___________ vi. & vt. 投资→___________n. 投资
31．___________vt.作出结论，推断出→___________ n. 结论
32．___________ adj.有利的，有帮助的，有用的→___________ n. 好处，利益 vt. 对……有好处，有益于
33．___________ adj.永久的，长久的→___________ adv. 永久地
34．___________ n．康复，痊愈→___________ vi.&vt. 恢复；重新获得
35．___________ n．贪欲，贪婪→___________ adj. 贪婪的
(三)阅读单词
1．somewhat adv. ___________
2．self control n. ___________
3．tank n. ___________
4．plug vt. ___________
5．cease vt.&vi. ___________
6．property n. ___________
7．chorus n. ___________
8．tailor n. ___________
9．literally adv. ___________
10．balcony n. ___________
11．unsuspecting adj. ___________
12．soldier n. ___________
13．bomb n. ___________
14．general n. ___________
15．trench n. ___________
16．frontier n. ___________
17．border n. ___________
18．flee vi.& vt. ___________
19．civilian n. ___________
20．ward n. ___________
21．surgeon n. ___________
22．tobacco n. ___________
23．cigarette n. ___________
24．alcohol n. ___________
25．fried adj. ___________
26．obesity n. ___________
27．tax n. ___________
28．sacred adj. ___________
29．carpet n. ___________
30．ankle n. ___________
31．fry n. ___________
二、必备短语分组——抓落实
(一)汉译英
1．___________ 捡起，拿起
2．___________ 有麻烦，处于困境中
3．___________ 处理，应对
4．___________ 对……做出回应
5．___________ 提出
6．___________ 偶然遇到
7．___________ 采取行动
8．___________ 毫无疑问
(二)英译汉
9．be annoyed with ___________
10．be prejudiced against ___________
11.get rid of ___________
12．in a flash ___________
13．by and by ___________
14．hold on ___________
15．be fed up with ___________
三、经典句式默背——积佳句
(一)句型公式
1．It is＋过去分词＋that从句
______________________a patient's chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.
人们普遍认为，病人昏迷的时间越长，康复的机会就越小。
2．if条件句的虚拟语气
The flat owner said ______________________ that Ma Ming was a drummer, he ______________________ the flat to him.
房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。
3．双重否定
They ___________ or read a book______________________．
他们要是不堵耳朵就不能放松或看书。
4．happen to do...
The general was coming to give him the award because he ___________number 20，000 to come through this hospital.
将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第2万个病人。
(二)单元美句
“Everyone was calm. We'd seen it all before.”Then he watched in surprise as the soldiers set up a machine gun. The calm ended and panic set in.The people began weeping and praying.
“大家都很平静，我们之前也见过这样的场面。”但他惊讶地发现士兵们竟架起了机枪。平静结束了，恐慌开始了。人们开始哭泣、乞求。
四、单元知识横拓——积得多
1．后缀“ ial”结尾形容词集锦
①beneficial 　　　　　　 有益的
②influential 有影响力的
③commercial 商业的
④facial 面部的
⑤official 官方的
⑥artificial 人工的
2．“忍受”几何
①tolerate v. 容忍；容许
②bear v. 忍受
③stand v. 忍受
④endure v. 忍耐
⑤put up with 忍受
3. “be＋形容词＋on”短语荟萃
①be keen on 热衷于
②be based on 以……为基础
③be tough on 严格对待
④be bent on 决心……
⑤be dependent on 依赖于
⑥be hard on 对……苛刻
五、读后续写微技能——环境描写之雪景
The street glistened with fresh snow and the sky was a blameless blue. Snow blanketed every rooftop and weighed on the branches of the stunted mulberry trees that lined our street. Overnight, snow had nudged its way into every crack and gutter.
The park was covered in a thick blanket of white, statues peeked out under their new white caps, footsteps and paw prints crisscrossed each other around the labyrinth of paths. Aside from the brown of the denuded trees, the only other color was the vivid saffron staining around the base of each lamppost, tree and shrub.
一、单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1．He is determined to serve as a teacher in the ___________ (偏僻的) area for two years.
2．A man has been ___________ (逮捕) in connection with the robbery.
3．It ___________ (使担心) the young mother to think of her son staying at home alone.
4．Henderson ___________ (回忆起) that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington.
5．To be honest, I wasn't too ___________ (热衷的) on physics and chemistry.
6．These days strange things happened frequently in the small village, which caused a ___________ (恐慌) among the villagers.
7．Some of Xu Beihong's paintings are on ___________ (展示) in the museum and attract thousands of visitors.
8．As scheduled, this significant and profound ___________ (仪式) took place on 8 June.
9．Cigarette advertising should be ___________ because smoking is bad for our health.
10．We most prefer to say yes to the ___________ of someone we know and like.
二、单句语法填空
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．We are often ___________ (shame) of our shortcomings，our mistakes and our failures.
2．Can you tell us about the most difficult ___________ (assign) that you've had to do
3．The police have received the ___________ (complain), and now they are looking into it.
4．He had planned to depart on Friday，but the bad weather delayed his___________ (depart).
5．The recent outbreak of racial ___________ (violent) in the area is very troubling.
6．Who will be in charge of the ___________ (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims
7．It's generally believed that good education is ___________ (benefit) to young people.
8．Though he was seriously hurt in the car accident, he finally made a ___________ (recover) from it.
9．①Complaining of the man's impoliteness, Mary collapsed on the sofa where she put him up the night before, getting a little bit ___________ (annoy).
②It is ___________ (annoy) that the advertisements pop up now and then when we use the Internet.
10．①It helps children to develop an ___________ (appreciate) of poetry and literature.
②If you can give me some advice, I will be very ___________ (appreciate).
三、选词填空
用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
come across, take action, in trouble, in a flash, be prejudiced against, be fed up with
1．___________, I found myself floating in the sky, seemingly not moving, with a wonderful feeling.
2．When ___________，he also doesn't hesitate to turn to his teachers and classmates for help.
3．Teachers should never ______________________ any of their students.
4.I ______________________ some old photos while clearing the drawer.
5．He______________________doing the same thing day in, day out.
6．If we don't ______________________ to protect the environment on which we are relying，we will have to face an increasingly awful situation.
四、经典句式仿写
1．建议书法作品写在宣纸上。(It is＋过去分词＋that从句)
______________________ the calligraphy works should be written on Xuan paper.
2．如果没有你的帮助，我就不会获奖。(if条件句的虚拟语气)
______________________ for your assistance, I wouldn't have won the prize.
3．不掌握一定的数学知识是没有办法对物理学进行严谨的研究的。(双重否定)
A serious study of physics_________________________________．
4．我碰巧看到你在网上投放的广告。(happen to do...)
I _________________________________that you posted on the Internet.
Part 1　重点词汇过关
1．negotiate vi.&vt.谈判，协商
(1)negotiate with sb about sth＝negotiate sth with sb与某人协商某事
(2)negotiation n. 谈判
under negotiation 在协商中；在谈判中
in negotiation with 和……协商
【佳句】The government will not negotiate with terrorists.
政府不会和恐怖分子谈判。
练透——单句语法填空
①I negotiated ___________ other sponsors of the exhibition about how to organize it perfectly.
②We have had meaningful ___________ (negotiate) and I believe we are very close to a deal.
写美——应用文写作之建议信
③参加课外活动让我们学会如何与其他同学进行协商与合作。
Participating in after school activities enables us to learn ______________________．
2．warning n. 警告，警示；告诫
warn vt.　　　　警告；告诫；提醒
warn sb of sth 警告/提醒某人注意某事
warn sb(not) to do sth 提醒某人(不)做某事
warn sb against (doing) sth提醒某人提防/不做某
【佳句】Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice，out of respect for farmers'labor.
为了尊重农民的劳动，中国的孩子们从小就被告诫不要浪费一粒米。
练透——单句语法填空
①She ___________ ___________ (warn) to keep her distance from John if she didn't want to get hurt.
②He tapped the young man on the shoulder, warning him not ______________________ (follow) him again.
③Warned ___________ the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
写美——一句多译
我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。
④My father ___________ to the west coast because it was crowded with tourists.
⑤My father ___________ to the west coast because it was crowded with tourists.
3．keen adj.着迷的，有强烈兴趣的
be keen on　　　　喜爱，热衷于
be keen to do sth 热衷于做某事，渴望做某事
be keen that... 热衷于…
【佳句】Given that you are keen on the Chinese traditional festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.
鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。(应用文之节日介绍)
练透——单句语法填空
①Leo was keen ___________ (leave) the city behind us and urged us to hurry.
②My father was very keen ___________ I should fulfill my potential.
写美——一句多译
如果你喜欢天文学，你可能会热衷于收集描述恒星、行星、宇宙飞船、宇航员等的邮票。
③If you like astronomy, you may ___________stamps describing the stars，planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc.
④If you like astronomy, you may ___________ stamps describing the stars，planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc.
4．panic n．惊恐，惶恐，惊慌
(1)in panic　　　　惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)panic vi.&vt. (使)惊慌
panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某
【佳句】I got into a panic when I saw smoke coming out of the kitchen.
看到厨房冒烟，我顿时慌了手脚。(读后续写之恐慌)
练透——单句语法填空
①We will not be panicked into ___________ (make) a decision before we have considered all the evidence.
②A group of children ___________ (panic)when they realized that they got lost in the woods.
写美——读后续写之恐慌
③当看到凶猛的熊拍打我们的篱笆时，我惊慌失措地尖叫。
Seeing the fierce bear hitting our fence, I ___________．
5．tolerate vt. 忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容
(1)tolerate(sb) doing sth　容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerance n. 宽容；容忍；忍受
(3)tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
be tolerant of/towards 对……容忍/宽
【佳句】Instead of blaming the child, she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.
她没有责备那个孩子，而是给了他一个宽容的微笑，就放他走了。
练透——单句语法填空
①I literally wouldn't tolerate ___________ (wake) up by the noise of drum at midnight.
②However, we can be tolerant ___________ delay, for ordinary living requires some ___________ (tolerate).
写美——词汇升级
③When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to bear.
→When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to ______________________．
6．ban vt. 禁止，取缔；n. 禁令，禁止
(1)ban doing sth　　　　　禁止做某事
ban sb from (doing) sth 禁止某人做某事
(2)a ban on 关于……的禁
【佳句】Some schools are very worried about the harm that mobile phones may bring to students and advocate a complete ban on students bringing mobile phones to school.
一些学校非常担心手机可能给学生带来的危害，主张全面禁止学生带手机上学。(应用文之学校生活)
练透——单句语法填空
China has declared a new rule to ban ___________ (smoke) in enclosed public spaces.
②(2021·全国甲卷) ___________ (ban)from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said.
写美——应用文写作之倡议书
为了创建更干净的环境，禁止每个人乱扔垃圾。
To create cleaner surroundings, everyone ______________________．
7．harm vt. 伤害 n. 损害，危害
(1)do/cause harm to...对……造成伤害
do sb harm＝do harm to sb伤害某人；对某人有害
There is no harm in doing sth做某事无害处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的，导致损害的
be harmful to... 对……有
【佳句】There is no harm in paying attention to table manners while eating with friends.
与朋友吃饭时注意餐桌礼仪没有坏处。(应用文之传统文化)
练透——单句语法填空
①As second hand smoking is ___________ (harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.
②They don't usually employ untrained workers, but there's no harm in ___________ (try) your fortune.
写美——应用文写作之教育
众所周知，玩电脑游戏真的对孩子有害。
→As is known to all，playing games on the computer ___________．(v. harm )
→As is known to all, playing games on the computer ______________________．(n.harm )
→As is known to all, playing games on the computer ______________________．(harmful)
8．request n．&vt. 请求，要求
(1)make a request for请求；要求
at one's request 应某人的要求
(2)request sb to do sth 请求/要求某人做某事
request that... (should) do sth要求……(应该)做某事
It is requested that...(should) do sth据要求…
【佳句】Our teacher requested that we should make full preparations for the coming final examination.
老师要求我们为即将到来的期末考试做好充分准备。(应用文之学校生活)
练透——单句语法填空
①___________ your request，I am writing to give you some tips on how to learn Chinese well.
②All passengers are requested ___________ (check)in before the flight takes off.
③She had requested the community ___________ (turn)it into a museum upon her death.
【点津】　request后面跟从句时，从句中的谓语动词用(should＋)do形式的动词有：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order，command
三建议：suggest, advise, recommend
四要求：demand, request, require, desire
再加一个敦促：urge
写美——应用文写作之通知
要求那些想参加该课程的人在网上注册个人信息。
_________________________________personal information online.
1．loose
[对点微练]——选出loose的含义
A．adj. 松的，松动的
B．adj. 松的；宽大的
C．adj. (头发)松散的，披着的
D．adj. 未严加控制的；不严谨的
①Wear comfortable，loose clothing to your exercise class.
②If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused.
③The nails in the wall had worked themselves loose.
④Her hair was hanging loose to her shoulders.
2．tailor n．(男装)裁缝
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①The tailor gave an assurance that her dress would be ready by Friday.
②(熟词生义)Special programmes of study are tailored to the needs of specific groups. ___________
3．withdraw vi.&vt. (使)退出(活动、组织等)
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
(熟词生义)Your ID card is required when you want to withdraw money in a bank. ___________
②(熟词生义)The commander admitted defeat and decided to withdraw troops from the country. ___________
③When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world. ___________
4．pile n．一大堆
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①She looked in horror at the mounting pile of letters on her desk. ___________
②(熟词生义)Please pile your homework books neatly on the table as you leave. ___________
◎主题语境培优——词汇库
1.fight n．& vi. 2.quarrel n．& vi. 3.conflict n. 4.tolerance n． 5.friction n.　 6.tension n. 7.condemn vt. 8.complain vt.& vi. 9.misunderstand vt. 10.support vt. 11.unite vt. 12.agreement n. [自主核对区] 1.打架；打斗 2.争吵；吵架 3.冲突 4.忍受 5.摩擦 6.紧张局势 7.谴责，指责，宣判 8.抱怨 9.误会；误解 10.支持 11.联合 12.协议，协定
Part 2　写作句式迁移
1．if条件句的虚拟语气
[课本原句]The flat owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer, he wouldn't have rented the flat to him.
房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。
虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用如下：
(1)与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”。
(2)与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词”。
(3)与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式、were to do或should do，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”
[写作迁移]——微写作
①如果没有身边人的爱和关心，我不可能成功。
If it ___________ from those around me, I wouldn't have made it．
②如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上没有任何垃圾。
If I were a dustman，I ______________________ with no rubbish lying on the street.
2．happen to do sth
[课本原句]The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20，000 to come through this hospital.
将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第2万个病人。
(1)sth happens/happened to sb某事发生在某人身上
(2)happen to do sth/to be doing sth/to have done sth碰巧做某事/正在做某事/已经做了某事
(3)It happened/happens that...碰巧…
[写作迁移]——微写作
①信不信由你，几个月前我第一次碰巧读《青年报》时，我感到有一种冲动，想要一口气读完它。
Believe it or not, the first time I ______________________ the newspaper Youth a couple months ago, I felt an urge to finish it in one breath.
②在我们的春假期间，市中心的工厂碰巧需要八个孩子临时帮忙。
______________________ the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break.
　单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Over the last seven years, most states have ___________ (ban) texting by drivers.
2．(2021·北京高考)The noise woke up the woman. She seemed to be ___________ panic，and then reality dawned (显现).
3．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)But our insisting it's merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of ___________ (request) to open the door.
4．To be honest, voters sometimes feel ___________ (annoy); they hate voting but have to pretend as if they liked voting.
5．A shop assistant began to complain to me about many ___________ (complain) she received from customers against her.
6．Motorists are warned ___________ (avoid) the centre of London this weekend.
7．The incident brought the problem of ___________ (violent) in schools into focus.
8．In 1994, after his ___________ (recover) from a severe heart attack, he made a decision to make the ancient Chinese characters, Jiaguwen, available online.
9．We can't tolerate people ___________ (throw) garbage here and there，so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect the environment.
10．We can conclude ___________ the results that the experiment was a failure.
　完成句子
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)你可以给我们一些建议。毫无疑问，所有的学生都会从你的演讲中受益匪浅。
You can give us some suggestions about it.It is certain that all students ______________________．
2．(2021·全国乙卷写作)然而，在线学习有一些缺点。盯着屏幕对我们的眼睛有害。(harm)
However, online learning has some disadvantages. Staring at the screen is ______________________.
3．(2020·江苏卷)另一方面，中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化，对于那些热衷于任何中国东西的人来说，它一直是一种吸引力。
For another，China enjoys a long history and rich culture, which has always been an attraction for those who ______________________that is Chinese.
4．总之，正是你的慷慨帮助和体贴让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。
______________________，it was your generous help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
5．据说将展出数百幅古代艺术家的中国画。
It's said that hundreds of Chinese paintings by ancient artists ______________________．
　话题微写作
根据汉语提示使用本单元的单词、短语和句式完成下面短文。
你的朋友向你抱怨说他最近总是受到楼上一个鼓手的干扰而非常愤怒，请就此给他写一封建议信：
1．你的建议；
2.表达期望。
I'm sorry to hear that you 1. ______________________ (被楼上的鼓手打扰了) recently. I know clearly that 2. ___________ (这令人气恼). However, your top priority at present is to resolve it as soon as possible.
Although annoyed, you should first of all 3. ______________________ (与他协商), and tell him that you 4. ______________________ (再也不能忍受这种干扰了). If it doesn't work, you can 5. ______________________ (向警察投诉).
All in all, hope you can get rid of it earlier.Unit 11 Conflict and compromise (选择性必修四) 解析版
一、重点单词分类——夯基础
(一)核心单词
1．compromise n. 折中，妥协
2．monitor vt. 监督；监视；监测，检测
n. 显示器，监视器
3．pack vi.&vt. 打包
n. 包，包裹
4．vote n. 投票(指行为)；票数
5．bitter adj. 愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的
6．anyhow_ adv. (非正式)尽管如此；至少
7．remote adj. 偏僻的，偏远的
8．edge n. 边缘，外围
9．arrest vt. 逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止
10．pleasant adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的
11．keen adj. 着迷的，有强烈兴趣的
12．bother_vt.&vi. (使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼
13．recall vi.&vt. 回想，回忆起
14．weep vi.&vt. 哭泣，流(泪)
15．panic n. 惊恐，惶恐，惊慌
16．pray_ vi.&vt. 祈求；祈祷
17．pile n. 一大堆
18．display vt. 展示，陈列
19．midnight n. 子夜，午夜
20．dozen num. 一打
21．ceremony n. 仪式，典礼
22．incident n. (尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件
23．ban vt. 禁止，取缔
n. 禁令，禁止
24．false adj. 不正确的，错的；假的；不真实的
25．loose adj. 松的；宽大的
26．request n. & vt. 请求，要求
(二)拓展单词
1．negotiate vi.&vt.谈判，协商→negotiation n. 谈判，协商
2．inquire vi.&vt.询问，打听→inquiry n. 询问，调查
3．resolve vt.解决(问题、困难)→resolution n. 解决，决心
4．inconvenience n．不便，麻烦→inconvenient adj.不便的→convenience n．方便，便利→convenient adj. 方便的，便利的
5．detect vt.发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detection n．侦查，发觉，发现
6．annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的，烦闷的→annoying adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的
7．ashamed adj.内疚的，惭愧的→shame n. 羞愧→shameful adj. 丢脸的，可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的
8．maturity n. 成熟→mature adj. 成熟的
9．assign vt.分配，分派，指派(任务)→assignment n. 任务，作业
10．complaint n．投诉→complain vt. 抱怨；投诉
11．drum vi.击鼓，打鼓→drummer n．鼓手
12．resolution n. 决心，解决→resolve vt.解决(问题、困难)
13．warning n．警告，警示；告诫→warn vt. 警告；告诫
14．departure n. 离开，启程→depart vi.离开，出发
15．prejudiced adj.有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的→prejudice n. 偏见，歧视
16.violence n．暴力行为，暴力→violent adj. 暴力的→violently adv. 激烈地，猛烈地
17．tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容→tolerance n. 容忍，忍受→tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
18．withdraw vi.& vt.(使)退出(活动、组织等)→withdrawal n. 撤退，取消
19．firmly adv.坚定地，坚决地→firm adj. 坚定的
20．murder n．谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪→murderer n. 谋杀犯
21．identification n．身份证明(文件)→identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别→identity n．身份；同一性，一致
22．representative n．代表，代理人→represent vt.代表，表示；象征
23．greet vt.问候，迎接，招呼→greeting n. 问候，招呼
24．mud n．泥，烂泥→muddy adj. 泥泞的，含泥的
25．distribute vt. 分发，分配，分送→distribution n．分发；分配；分布
26．temporary adj.暂时的，临时的；短期的→temporarily adv. 暂时地，临时地
27．appreciation n．感激→ appreciate vt. 感激；欣赏→appreciative adj. 欣赏的，赞赏的；感激的
28．harm vt.伤害 n．损害，危害→ harmful adj. 有害的
29．desirable adj.理想的，值得拥有的；值得做的→desire n. 欲望，心愿；vt. 想要，要求
30．invest vi. & vt. 投资→investment n. 投资
31．conclude vt.作出结论，推断出→conclusion n. 结论
32．beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的，有用的→benefit n. 好处，利益 vt. 对……有好处，有益于
33．permanent adj.永久的，长久的→permanently adv. 永久地
34．recovery n．康复，痊愈→recover vi.&vt. 恢复；重新获得
35．greed n．贪欲，贪婪→greedy adj. 贪婪的
(三)阅读单词
1．somewhat adv. 有点，有几分
2．self control n. 自制力；自我控制
3．tank n. (储存液体或气体的)箱，罐
4．plug vt. 把……塞住，堵塞；填塞
5．cease vt.&vi. 停止，终止，结束
6．property n. 房产；所有物；财产
7．chorus n. 齐声；副歌；合唱团
8．tailor n. (男装)裁缝
9．literally adv. 确实地
10．balcony n. 阳台
11．unsuspecting adj. 无提防之心的，无疑心的
12．soldier n. 士兵，军人
13．bomb n. 炸弹
14．general n. 将军，上将
15．trench n. 战壕，堑壕
16．frontier n. 国界，边境
17．border n. 国界，边界；边境地区
18．flee vi.& vt. 逃离，逃走
19．civilian n. 平民，老百姓
20．ward n. 病房
21．surgeon n. 外科医生
22．tobacco n. 烟叶，烟草
23．cigarette n. 香烟
24．alcohol n. 含酒精饮品；酒
25．fried adj. 油炸的，油煎的
26．obesity n. 肥胖(症)
27．tax n. 税，税款
28．sacred adj. 神圣的
29．carpet n. 地毯
30．ankle n. 脚踝
31．fry n. 炸薯条
二、必备短语分组——抓落实
(一)汉译英
1．pick_up 捡起，拿起
2．in_trouble 有麻烦，处于困境中
3．deal_with 处理，应对
4．respond_to 对……做出回应
5．put_forward 提出
6．come_across 偶然遇到
7．take_action 采取行动
8．without_doubt 毫无疑问
(二)英译汉
9．be annoyed with 被……惹恼；对……感到厌烦
10．be prejudiced against 对……有偏见
11.get rid of 摆脱
12．in a flash 转瞬，一瞬间
13．by and by 渐渐地
14．hold on 坚持
15．be fed up with 厌烦
三、经典句式默背——积佳句
(一)句型公式
1．It is＋过去分词＋that从句
It_is_generally_agreed_that a patient's chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.
人们普遍认为，病人昏迷的时间越长，康复的机会就越小。
2．if条件句的虚拟语气
The flat owner said if_he_had_known that Ma Ming was a drummer, he wouldn't_have_rented the flat to him.
房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。
3．双重否定
They couldn't_relax or read a book without_plugging_their_ears．
他们要是不堵耳朵就不能放松或看书。
4．happen to do...
The general was coming to give him the award because he happened_to_be_number 20，000 to come through this hospital.
将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第2万个病人。
(二)单元美句
“Everyone was calm. We'd seen it all before.”Then he watched in surprise as the soldiers set up a machine gun. The calm ended and panic set in.The people began weeping and praying.
“大家都很平静，我们之前也见过这样的场面。”但他惊讶地发现士兵们竟架起了机枪。平静结束了，恐慌开始了。人们开始哭泣、乞求。
四、单元知识横拓——积得多
1．后缀“ ial”结尾形容词集锦
①beneficial 　　　　　　 有益的
②influential 有影响力的
③commercial 商业的
④facial 面部的
⑤official 官方的
⑥artificial 人工的
2．“忍受”几何
①tolerate v. 容忍；容许
②bear v. 忍受
③stand v. 忍受
④endure v. 忍耐
⑤put up with 忍受
3. “be＋形容词＋on”短语荟萃
①be keen on 热衷于
②be based on 以……为基础
③be tough on 严格对待
④be bent on 决心……
⑤be dependent on 依赖于
⑥be hard on 对……苛刻
五、读后续写微技能——环境描写之雪景
The street glistened with fresh snow and the sky was a blameless blue. Snow blanketed every rooftop and weighed on the branches of the stunted mulberry trees that lined our street. Overnight, snow had nudged its way into every crack and gutter.
The park was covered in a thick blanket of white, statues peeked out under their new white caps, footsteps and paw prints crisscrossed each other around the labyrinth of paths. Aside from the brown of the denuded trees, the only other color was the vivid saffron staining around the base of each lamppost, tree and shrub.
一、单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1．He is determined to serve as a teacher in the remote (偏僻的) area for two years.
2．A man has been arrested(逮捕) in connection with the robbery.
3．It bothers(使担心) the young mother to think of her son staying at home alone.
4．Henderson recalled (回忆起) that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington.
5．To be honest, I wasn't too keen (热衷的) on physics and chemistry.
6．These days strange things happened frequently in the small village, which caused a panic (恐慌) among the villagers.
7．Some of Xu Beihong's paintings are on display(展示) in the museum and attract thousands of visitors.
8．As scheduled, this significant and profound ceremony(仪式) took place on 8 June.
9．Cigarette advertising should be banned because smoking is bad for our health.
10．We most prefer to say yes to the requests of someone we know and like.
二、单句语法填空
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．We are often ashamed(shame) of our shortcomings，our mistakes and our failures.
2．Can you tell us about the most difficult assignment (assign) that you've had to do
3．The police have received the complaint(complain), and now they are looking into it.
4．He had planned to depart on Friday，but the bad weather delayed his departure (depart).
5．The recent outbreak of racial violence(violent) in the area is very troubling.
6．Who will be in charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims
7．It's generally believed that good education is beneficial(benefit) to young people.
8．Though he was seriously hurt in the car accident, he finally made a recovery (recover) from it.
9．①Complaining of the man's impoliteness, Mary collapsed on the sofa where she put him up the night before, getting a little bit annoyed(annoy).
②It is annoying(annoy) that the advertisements pop up now and then when we use the Internet.
10．①It helps children to develop an appreciation (appreciate) of poetry and literature.
②If you can give me some advice, I will be very appreciative (appreciate).
三、选词填空
用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
come across, take action, in trouble, in a flash, be prejudiced against, be fed up with
1．In a flash, I found myself floating in the sky, seemingly not moving, with a wonderful feeling.
2．When in trouble，he also doesn't hesitate to turn to his teachers and classmates for help.
3．Teachers should never be prejudiced against any of their students.
4.I came across some old photos while clearing the drawer.
5．He is fed up with doing the same thing day in, day out.
6．If we don't take action to protect the environment on which we are relying，we will have to face an increasingly awful situation.
四、经典句式仿写
1．建议书法作品写在宣纸上。(It is＋过去分词＋that从句)
It is suggested that the calligraphy works should be written on Xuan paper.
2．如果没有你的帮助，我就不会获奖。(if条件句的虚拟语气)
If it had not been for your assistance, I wouldn't have won the prize.
3．不掌握一定的数学知识是没有办法对物理学进行严谨的研究的。(双重否定)
A serious study of physics is impossible without some knowledge of mathematics．
4．我碰巧看到你在网上投放的广告。(happen to do...)
I happened to read the advertisement that you posted on the Internet.
Part 1　重点词汇过关
1．negotiate vi.&vt.谈判，协商
(1)negotiate with sb about sth＝negotiate sth with sb与某人协商某事
(2)negotiation n. 谈判
under negotiation 在协商中；在谈判中
in negotiation with 和……协商
【佳句】The government will not negotiate with terrorists.
政府不会和恐怖分子谈判。
练透——单句语法填空
①I negotiated with other sponsors of the exhibition about how to organize it perfectly.
②We have had meaningful negotiation(negotiate) and I believe we are very close to a deal.
写美——应用文写作之建议信
③参加课外活动让我们学会如何与其他同学进行协商与合作。
Participating in after school activities enables us to learn how to negotiate and cooperate with other students．
2．warning n. 警告，警示；告诫
warn vt.　　　　警告；告诫；提醒
warn sb of sth 警告/提醒某人注意某事
warn sb(not) to do sth 提醒某人(不)做某事
warn sb against (doing) sth提醒某人提防/不做某
【佳句】Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice，out of respect for farmers'labor.
为了尊重农民的劳动，中国的孩子们从小就被告诫不要浪费一粒米。
练透——单句语法填空
①She was warned(warn) to keep her distance from John if she didn't want to get hurt.
②He tapped the young man on the shoulder, warning him not to follow(follow) him again.
③Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
写美——一句多译
我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。
④My father warned me against going to the west coast because it was crowded with tourists.
⑤My father warned me not to go to the west coast because it was crowded with tourists.
3．keen adj.着迷的，有强烈兴趣的
be keen on　　　　喜爱，热衷于
be keen to do sth 热衷于做某事，渴望做某事
be keen that... 热衷于…
【佳句】Given that you are keen on the Chinese traditional festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.
鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。(应用文之节日介绍)
练透——单句语法填空
①Leo was keen to leave(leave) the city behind us and urged us to hurry.
②My father was very keen that I should fulfill my potential.
写美——一句多译
如果你喜欢天文学，你可能会热衷于收集描述恒星、行星、宇宙飞船、宇航员等的邮票。
③If you like astronomy, you may be keen on collecting stamps describing the stars，planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc.
④If you like astronomy, you may be keen to collect stamps describing the stars，planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc.
4．panic n．惊恐，惶恐，惊慌
(1)in panic　　　　惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)panic vi.&vt. (使)惊慌
panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某
【佳句】I got into a panic when I saw smoke coming out of the kitchen.
看到厨房冒烟，我顿时慌了手脚。(读后续写之恐慌)
练透——单句语法填空
①We will not be panicked into making(make) a decision before we have considered all the evidence.
②A group of children panicked(panic)when they realized that they got lost in the woods.
写美——读后续写之恐慌
③当看到凶猛的熊拍打我们的篱笆时，我惊慌失措地尖叫。
Seeing the fierce bear hitting our fence, I screamed in panic．
5．tolerate vt. 忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容
(1)tolerate(sb) doing sth　容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerance n. 宽容；容忍；忍受
(3)tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
be tolerant of/towards 对……容忍/宽
【佳句】Instead of blaming the child, she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.
她没有责备那个孩子，而是给了他一个宽容的微笑，就放他走了。
练透——单句语法填空
①I literally wouldn't tolerate being woken(wake) up by the noise of drum at midnight.
②However, we can be tolerant of delay, for ordinary living requires some tolerance(tolerate).
写美——词汇升级
③When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to bear.
→When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to tolerate/put up with．
6．ban vt. 禁止，取缔；n. 禁令，禁止
(1)ban doing sth　　　　　禁止做某事
ban sb from (doing) sth 禁止某人做某事
(2)a ban on 关于……的禁
【佳句】Some schools are very worried about the harm that mobile phones may bring to students and advocate a complete ban on students bringing mobile phones to school.
一些学校非常担心手机可能给学生带来的危害，主张全面禁止学生带手机上学。(应用文之学校生活)
练透——单句语法填空
①China has declared a new rule to ban smoking (smoke) in enclosed public spaces.
②(2021·全国甲卷) Banned(ban)from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said.
写美——应用文写作之倡议书
③为了创建更干净的环境，禁止每个人乱扔垃圾。
To create cleaner surroundings, everyone is banned from littering everywhere．
7．harm vt. 伤害 n. 损害，危害
(1)do/cause harm to...对……造成伤害
do sb harm＝do harm to sb伤害某人；对某人有害
There is no harm in doing sth做某事无害处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的，导致损害的
be harmful to... 对……有
【佳句】There is no harm in paying attention to table manners while eating with friends.
与朋友吃饭时注意餐桌礼仪没有坏处。(应用文之传统文化)
练透——单句语法填空
①As second hand smoking is harmful (harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.
②They don't usually employ untrained workers, but there's no harm in trying (try) your fortune.
写美——应用文写作之教育
③众所周知，玩电脑游戏真的对孩子有害。
→As is known to all，playing games on the computer really harms children．(v. harm )
→As is known to all, playing games on the computer really does harm to children．(n.harm )
→As is known to all, playing games on the computer is really harmful to children．(harmful)
8．request n．&vt. 请求，要求
(1)make a request for请求；要求
at one's request 应某人的要求
(2)request sb to do sth 请求/要求某人做某事
request that... (should) do sth要求……(应该)做某事
It is requested that...(should) do sth据要求…
【佳句】Our teacher requested that we should make full preparations for the coming final examination.
老师要求我们为即将到来的期末考试做好充分准备。(应用文之学校生活)
练透——单句语法填空
①At your request，I am writing to give you some tips on how to learn Chinese well.
②All passengers are requested to check(check)in before the flight takes off.
③She had requested the community (should)turn/to turn(turn)it into a museum upon her death.
【点津】　request后面跟从句时，从句中的谓语动词用(should＋)do形式的动词有：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order，command
三建议：suggest, advise, recommend
四要求：demand, request, require, desire
再加一个敦促：urge
写美——应用文写作之通知
④要求那些想参加该课程的人在网上注册个人信息。
It is requested that anyone who wants to attend the course(should)register personal information online.
1．loose
[对点微练]——选出loose的含义
A．adj. 松的，松动的
B．adj. 松的；宽大的
C．adj. (头发)松散的，披着的
D．adj. 未严加控制的；不严谨的
①Wear comfortable，loose clothing to your exercise class. B
②If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. D
③The nails in the wall had worked themselves loose. A
④Her hair was hanging loose to her shoulders. C
2．tailor n．(男装)裁缝
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①The tailor gave an assurance that her dress would be ready by Friday.n. 裁缝
②(熟词生义)Special programmes of study are tailored to the needs of specific groups.vt.专门制作；订做
3．withdraw vi.&vt. (使)退出(活动、组织等)
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①(熟词生义)Your ID card is required when you want to withdraw money in a bank.vt. 提，取(银行账户中的款)
②(熟词生义)The commander admitted defeat and decided to withdraw troops from the country.vt. 撤离
③When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.vi.退出
4．pile n．一大堆
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①She looked in horror at the mounting pile of letters on her desk.n. 一大堆
②(熟词生义)Please pile your homework books neatly on the table as you leave.vt. 堆放，摞起
◎主题语境培优——词汇库
1.fight n．& vi. 2.quarrel n．& vi. 3.conflict n. 4.tolerance n． 5.friction n.　 6.tension n. 7.condemn vt. 8.complain vt.& vi. 9.misunderstand vt. 10.support vt. 11.unite vt. 12.agreement n. [自主核对区] 1.打架；打斗 2.争吵；吵架 3.冲突 4.忍受 5.摩擦 6.紧张局势 7.谴责，指责，宣判 8.抱怨 9.误会；误解 10.支持 11.联合 12.协议，协定
Part 2　写作句式迁移
1．if条件句的虚拟语气
[课本原句]The flat owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer, he wouldn't have rented the flat to him.
房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。
虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用如下：
(1)与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”。
(2)与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词”。
(3)与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式、were to do或should do，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”
[写作迁移]——微写作
①如果没有身边人的爱和关心，我不可能成功。
If it hadn't been for the love and care from those around me, I wouldn't have made it．
②如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上没有任何垃圾。
If I were a dustman，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the street.
2．happen to do sth
[课本原句]The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20，000 to come through this hospital.
将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第2万个病人。
(1)sth happens/happened to sb某事发生在某人身上
(2)happen to do sth/to be doing sth/to have done sth碰巧做某事/正在做某事/已经做了某事
(3)It happened/happens that...碰巧…
[写作迁移]——微写作
①信不信由你，几个月前我第一次碰巧读《青年报》时，我感到有一种冲动，想要一口气读完它。
Believe it or not, the first time I happened to read the newspaper Youth a couple months ago, I felt an urge to finish it in one breath.
②在我们的春假期间，市中心的工厂碰巧需要八个孩子临时帮忙。
It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break.
　单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Over the last seven years, most states have banned(ban) texting by drivers.
2．(2021·北京高考)The noise woke up the woman. She seemed to be in panic，and then reality dawned (显现).
3．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)But our insisting it's merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests (request) to open the door.
4．To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed(annoy); they hate voting but have to pretend as if they liked voting.
5．A shop assistant began to complain to me about many complaints (complain) she received from customers against her.
6．Motorists are warned to avoid (avoid) the centre of London this weekend.
7．The incident brought the problem of violence(violent) in schools into focus.
8．In 1994, after his recovery(recover) from a severe heart attack, he made a decision to make the ancient Chinese characters, Jiaguwen, available online.
9．We can't tolerate people throwing(throw) garbage here and there，so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect the environment.
10．We can conclude from the results that the experiment was a failure.
　完成句子
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)你可以给我们一些建议。毫无疑问，所有的学生都会从你的演讲中受益匪浅。
You can give us some suggestions about it.It is certain that all students will benefit much from your speech．
2．(2021·全国乙卷写作)然而，在线学习有一些缺点。盯着屏幕对我们的眼睛有害。(harm)
However, online learning has some disadvantages. Staring at the screen is harmful to our eyes.
3．(2020·江苏卷)另一方面，中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化，对于那些热衷于任何中国东西的人来说，它一直是一种吸引力。
For another，China enjoys a long history and rich culture, which has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.
4．总之，正是你的慷慨帮助和体贴让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。
In conclusion，it was your generous help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
5．据说将展出数百幅古代艺术家的中国画。
It's said that hundreds of Chinese paintings by ancient artists will be on display．
　话题微写作
根据汉语提示使用本单元的单词、短语和句式完成下面短文。
你的朋友向你抱怨说他最近总是受到楼上一个鼓手的干扰而非常愤怒，请就此给他写一封建议信：
1．你的建议；
2.表达期望。
I'm sorry to hear that you 1. have been bothered by a drummer upstairs(被楼上的鼓手打扰了) recently. I know clearly that 2.it is annoying(这令人气恼). However, your top priority at present is to resolve it as soon as possible.
Although annoyed, you should first of all 3.negotiate with him(与他协商), and tell him that you 4.can't tolerate the disturbance any longer(再也不能忍受这种干扰了). If it doesn't work, you can 5.make a complaint to the police(向警察投诉).
All in all, hope you can get rid of it earlier.

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