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Unit 1 Relationships (选择性必修一) 解析版
一、重点单词分类——夯基础
(一)核心单词
[第一组]
1．outgoing adj. 　　　　 外向的，好交际的
2．host vt. 主办；做……的东道主
n. 主人；主持人
3．grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的
4．practical adj. 实际的；实践的；切实可行的
5．pour vt. 灌，注，倒
6．fuel_ n. 燃料
7．lack vt. 缺乏
8．drag vt. 拖，拉
9．worthwhile adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的
10．handle vt. 处理(难题)；应付(局面)
11．upset adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的
vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱
12．raise vt. 提出，提起
13．manner_ n. 方式，方法
14．sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的
15．barely adv. 几乎不
[第二组]
16．deadline n. 截止日期，最后期限
17．chase vi.&vt. 努力赢得
n. 追逐，追赶
18．extraordinary_ adj. 令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的
19．intense adj. 紧张的，激烈的；剧烈的
20．delay vi.&vt. 推迟，延期
21．bend vi.&vt. 弯腰；俯身
22．behalf n. 代表……
23．topic n. 话题，题目
24．belong vt. 属于
25．contrast n. 差异，差别
vt. 形成对比
(二)拓展单词
[第一组]
1．humour n. 幽默感→humorous adj. 幽默的
2．passionate adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的→passion n. 激情，热情
3．incredible adj. 极好的；难以置信的→incredibly_ adv. 难以置信地；非常地
4．occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的→occasion n. 机会，场合→occasionally adv. 有时，偶尔
5．emotional adj. 情绪上；情感上→emotion n. 情感；情绪→emotionally adv.感情上；情绪上
6．extremely adv. 极度，极其→extreme adj.极端的，极度的
7．presentation n. 报告；陈述，说明→present vt.展示；颁发，呈递n.礼物 adj.当前的；出现
8．behaviour n. 行为，举止→behave vi.&vt. 表现；使守规矩
9．access n．进入；接触的机会→accessible adj.易到达的，易接近的；随和的，平易近人的
10．preference n. 偏爱，偏好→prefer v．更喜欢；较喜欢
11．ashamed adj. 羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→shame n. 羞耻，羞愧→shameful_adj. 可耻的；不道德的→shameless_ adj. 无耻的；不知羞耻的
12．intention n. 意图，目的；打算→intend_ vi.&vt.打算；计划；想要
13．demanding adj. 要求严格的；费力的→demand_ n. 要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要
14．effective adj.有效的→effect_ n．影响，结果→effectively_ adv.有效地
15．constantly adv. 持续不断地→constant_ adj. 持续不断的，经常发生的
[第二组]
16．associate vt.与某人交往→association n．联系；联盟；协会
17.distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的→distract_ vt.使分心→distraction_ n. 分心
18．reality n．现实；真实→real_ adj. 真正的→really_ adv. 真正地
19．obsess vt. 使迷恋→obsession_ n. 痴迷；使人痴迷的人(或物)→obsessive_ adj.痴迷的，迷恋的；过度的(含贬义)→obsessed adj. 着迷的
20．dominate vi.&vt. 主宰，控制→dominant_ adj.占主导地位的→domination_ n．控制；支配
21．stimulation n．刺激→stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进
22．desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的→desperation n．拼命；不顾死活；绝望→desperately_ adv.拼命地；绝望地
23．depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的→depress_ vt.使沮丧，使消沉→depression_ n. 沮丧，忧愁
24．rude adj. 无礼的→rudeness_ n. 无礼，粗鲁→rudely_ adv.无礼地
25．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚→complaint_ n．抱怨；不满
26．appointment n．约定；约会→appoint_ v．约定；约会；任命；委任
27．invitation n. 邀请→invite_ vt. 邀请
28．organise vt.组织，筹划→organised_ adj. 有组织的；有系统的→organisation_ n．组织
29．innovation n．革新，创新→innovative_ adj.新颖的，创新的→innovate_ v. 创新
30．competitor n．选手，参赛者→compete_ vi. 竞争→competition_ n．竞争；比赛→competitive_ adj.竞争的；有竞争性的
31．fluency n．熟练，流畅→fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地
32．engagement n. 参与→engage vi.&vt. 使参与,使参加→engaged_adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的
33．sincerely adv. 真诚地，由衷地→sincere adj. 真诚的；诚挚的
34．approval n．赞许；同意→approve_ vi.&vt. 赞成，同意→disapproval_ n．不赞成；反对
35．defend vi.&vt. 保护，防卫→defenc(s)e n．防卫；辩解→defensive_ adj.戒备的，自卫的
36．motivation n．动力，积极性→motivate_ vt.激发，激励→motivated_ adj.积极的，主动的→unmotivated_ adj.不积极的，不主动的
(三)阅读单词
[第一组]
1．trait n.　　　　　　　 特性，品质
2．niece n. 侄女，外甥女
3．nephew n. 侄子，外甥
4．secondary adj. 中等教育；中级的；次要的
5．flu n. 流行性感冒，流感
6．angle n. 角
7．triangle n. 三角形
8．hydrogen n. 氢
9．rocket n. 火箭
10．acid n. 酸
11．onion n. 洋葱
12．educationalist n. 教育(学)家
13．feedback n. 反馈意见
14．highlight vt. 标出；突出显示
15．tense n. 时态
[第二组]
16．socialise vi. 交友；交际；交往
17．laptop n. 笔记本电脑，便携式电脑
18．app n. 应用程序
19．dorm n. 寝室，学生宿舍
20．flow n. 流动_
vi. _流，流动
21．reserved adj. 含蓄的；内敛的
22．wired adj. 联网的；极其兴奋的
23．million n. 百万
24．mate n. 朋友，伙伴
25．scroll vi. 上下滚动
26．inch n. 英寸
27．chatter vi. 唠叨，喋喋不休
28．alcoholic n. 酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者_
adj. _(含)酒精的
29．booze n. 酒
30．hard wired adj. 硬件控制的；天生的
31．clarify n. 清楚，清晰
32．progression n. 发展，变化
33．principle n. 原则；行为准则
34．politics n. 政治，政治活动
二、必备短语分组——抓落实
(一)汉译英
1．for_the_first_time 初次，第一次
2．pour_into 投入(倒)……于某物
3．a_couple_of_ 一双，一对
4．used_to 过去经常，曾经
5．on_behalf_of_sb_ 代表某人
6．take_up 占据
7．in_contrast_to_ 和……对比
8．set_off 引爆；出发
9．set_up_ 建立；启动
10．in_reality 事实上
(二)英译汉
11．associate with 与某人交往
12．obsess over 对……担心
13．chatter away 喋喋不休
14．add up to 总计达到
15．lack confidence in 在……缺乏信心_
16．if only 要是……就好了_
17．have access to 获许进入_
18．check through 查看；校阅_
19．chase after 追逐_
20．bend over 伏在……上面_
三、经典句式默背——积佳句
(一)句型公式
1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
I found_it_all_so_boring_and_difficult．
我觉得这一切既无聊又困难。
2．if only引导虚拟条件句
Sometimes I think, if_only_I_could_call_him and ask for his opinion!
有时我想，要是我能打电话给他，征求他的意见就好了！
3．the first day引导时间状语从句
The_first_day_he_walked_into_my_class,_he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored...
他第一天走进我的班级时，他的书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子……
4．否定词置于句首的倒装
...not_once_did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.
……她一次也没有抬起头去欣赏窗外的景色。
(二)单元美句
Education is not preparation for life；education is life itself.
教育不是为生活准备的；教育就是生活本身。
四、单元知识横拓——积得多
1．以“ tion”结尾的名词
①innovation n.　　　　 革新，创新
②association n. 联想
③connection n. 联系
④protection n. 保护
⑤construction n. 建造
2．“改进，提高”集萃
①enhance vt. 改进，提高
②promote vt. 促进
③improve vt. 改进，提高
④foster vt. 促进
⑤boost vt. 使增长，推动
⑥facilitate vt. 促进，推动
3．“动词＋to”短语荟萃
①refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅
②object to 反对
③turn to 求助于
④point to 指向
⑤belong to 属于
五、读后续写微技能——激动与兴奋
On the journey to the lake, a wide excitement took hold of Mom.Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village, her eyes twinkling with excitement.When we arrived at the camping place, Mom couldn't wait to storm out and excitedly urged us to put up the tent.Then, Mom walked towards the lake, and then came a scream of excitement.Enjoying the beautiful view, Mom could hardly contain her excitement.Certainly, as it was the first time that we had helped father cook food outdoors, my brother and I also felt thrilled.Breathing the fresh air and smelling the delicious food, we jumped up and down with excitement.
一、单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1．(2022·全国甲卷)Many people say that we lack(缺乏) culture in this country.
2．(2021·天津3月卷) In addition to practical(实际的)skills，Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork，encourage self worth，and promote feelings of community.
3．He just wanted to solve the problem in a practical manner(方式).
4．I was more upset than worried when I heard the news that her flight was delayed(推迟)because of the bad weather.
5．Without thinking I got out of my car, held my hand up and bent(弯腰) down to look at the butterfly.
6．I would be grateful(感激的) if you could offer me an opportunity to attend your university.
7．Joel's eyes widened when he realized the glove belonged(属于) to Mr. Shore.
8．From the teacher's confused look，we could see that he hadn't expected that we could raise(提出) such a confusing question to him.
9．If you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline．
10. It was the whole situation that made her very depressed and upset．
二、单句语法填空
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)However，this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia，it only shows an association(associate).
2．Life is a tough journey，to some extent，where you still smile even though you are occasionally(occasional) hurt.
3．As we all know, emotional(emotion) problems can arise from a physical cause.
4．Now that you have a preference(prefer) for Chinese traditional culture，you had better not miss the chance.
5．I didn't have the intention(intend) to ignore your tips，but I still should apologise to you for my unintentional neglect.
6．The firm has achieved a dominant(dominate) position in the world market.
7．This feeling of desperation (desperate) and helplessness was common to most of the refugees.
8．The director appointed him to look into those complaints(complain) and then they could find solutions.
9．①I learned from my friends that my dad defeated all competitors(compete) and won everyone's admiration.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)With a workout partner，you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle competition(competitive).
10．①The government has taken effective(effect) measures to create more employment opportunities.
②The way you learn most effectively(effective) will impact many different aspects of your life.
三、选词填空
用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
for the first time, a couple of, on behalf of, in contrast to, set off, associate with, pour into
1．He became interested in the young teacher's lesson when he attended his class for the first time．
2．I was about to set off for a meeting when someone called and told me that the meeting had been cancelled.
3．The government has poured millions into the education system.
4．He dived into his pocket and took out a couple of coins.
5．In order to teach better，the young teacher associates with the educationalist occasionally.
6．On behalf of our class, I'm writing to invite you to attend our graduation ceremony.
7．In contrast to online chatting，I prefer face to face communication.
四、经典句式仿写
1．如果你坚持练习，你就会发现剪纸很简单。 (find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
You will find paper cutting very easy if you keep practising it.
2．要是我生活在他的时代，听从他的教导就好了！(if only引导的虚拟条件句)
If only I had lived in his times and listened to his guidance!
3．他第一天穿上它们就赶上了一场大雨。(the first day引导时间状语从句)
The first day he wore them, he was caught in a very heavy shower of rain.
4．我一次也没有机会参加那个著名教育学家的报告。(否定词置于句首的倒装)
Not once did I have access to attending the presentation of the famous educationalist.
Part 1　重点词汇过关
1．passionate adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的
(1)be passionate about
　　　　　　对某事有热情
(2)passion n. 强烈的感情，激情；盛怒，激愤
passion for 酷爱；热衷的爱好(或活动等)
with passion 热情洋溢地，充满激情地
(3) passionately adv.
充满热情地；激动
【佳句】I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing.
我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。
练透——单句语法填空
①Although he is not really suited to the career，he is quite passionate about becoming a lawyer.
②Whatever you make up your mind to do，do it with passion and determination.
写美——应用文写作之投稿信
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)它不仅为我提供了一个开阔视野的平台，而且它丰富的内容也能点燃我对英语强烈的热情。
Not only does it supply me with a platform to broaden my horizons, but its rich content can also spark my burning passion for English．
2．lack vt.缺乏
(1)lack sth　　　　　　　缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)
(2)(a) lack of ... 缺乏……
for/through lack of... 因缺乏…
【佳句】As a writer he seemed to lack creative spark.
作为作家，他似乎缺少创作激情。
在线学习也带来了挑战，其中最大的挑战是缺乏自律导致的效率低下。
【点津】　lack既可以作动词也可以作名词。作及物动词时，后面直接跟宾语；作不及物动词时常用介词for；作名词时，后面常用介词of。此外，lack还有“vt.没有n.缺乏，短缺的东西”的含义。
练透——单句语法填空
①Tired and lacking(lack) energy, students skipping breakfast can have poor academic performance and poor health.
②The plan lacked(lack) support from the government. As a consequence，it broke down soon.
写美——一句多译
由于缺乏足够的训练，我们在即将到来的比赛中将很难取胜。
③For lack of enough training ，we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(介词短语)
④Lacking enough training，we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(分词作状语)
⑤As we lack enough training，we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(原因状语从句)
3．access n．进入；接触的机会
(1)gain/obtain/get/have access to
有权进入/使用……，拥有……的机会
have no access to
没有……的机会；无法接近
(2)accessible adj.
易到达的，易接近的；随和的，平易近人的
be accessible to
对……而言容易接近的；可靠近的；容易进入的
【佳句】The activity will not only help students get access to more knowledge but also cultivate their abilities of Chinese poetry appreciation.
这次活动不仅可以帮助学生获得更多的知识，还可以培养他们欣赏中国诗歌的能力。(应用文之诗歌)
【点津】　access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。此外，access还有“n.权利；入口，通路vt. 接近，使用；访问，存取(电脑文档)”的含义。
练透——单句语法填空
①As is well known to us all，medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
②I strongly recommend that every high school student have access to such an excellent publication.
写美——读后续写之动作描写
③“过来，儿子。”爸爸带着一种平易近人的表情喊道。
“Come here, son.” Dad exclaimed, wearing an accessible expression ．
4．preference n. 偏爱，偏好
(1)have/show a preference for...
　　　　　　　 对……偏爱
(2)prefer vt. 较喜欢（preferred； preferred）
prefer to do/doing sth
喜欢做某事
prefer sth to sth 喜欢某物而不喜欢某物
【佳句】Several reasons may account for my preference for western painting.
有几个原因可以解释我对西方绘画的偏爱。
【点津】　prefer不用于进行时；不可与比较级连用。
练透写美——单句语法填空
①Instead of buying them，I prefer to learn/learning(learn) about the culture and history behind the Hanfu.
②The teenage volunteer preferred cleaning(clean) up the greenhouse of his school to playing meaningless video games.
写美——一句多译
我宁愿过简单的生活也不愿浪费有限的资源。
③I prefer to live simply rather than waste the limited resources.(rather than)
④I prefer living simply to wasting the limited resources.(prefer)
5．upset adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的 vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱
(1)be upset about/over/at sth
　　　　　　　　为某事心烦
be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安
(2)What upsets sb is... 让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb to do sth/that...
做某事让人心烦/让某人心烦的是…
【佳句】I couldn't concentrate in class, and kept sneaking glances at Lisa. She glanced back, looking equally upset.
上课时我无法集中注意力，总是偷偷地看丽莎。她回头看了一眼，显得同样不安。(读后续写之心理描写＋动作描写)
【点津】　upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词形式都是upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。
练透——单句语法填空
①Then all of a sudden, there was an upsetting(upset) knock on her front door.
②She was upset to know(know)that her application for the position was refused.
写美——一句多译
凯莉不理睬我，我心烦透顶，孤独如同潮水般涌来。
③Kelley just ignored me，which made me upset．Loneliness began to flood in.(非限制性定语从句)
④What upset me was that Kelley just ignored me.Loneliness began to flood in.(what引导的主语从句)
6．ashamed adj. 羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的
(1)be ashamed to do...　耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……
feel/be ashamed of(doing) sth
为(做)某事感到羞愧
(2)shame n. 惭愧；羞耻；羞愧
It's a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾
(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的
shameless adj. 无耻的；不知羞耻
【佳句】Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.
汤姆扑进母亲的怀里，羞愧和尴尬的泪水夺眶而出。(读后续写之羞愧)
练透——单句语法填空
①Pinksha felt very ashamed of herself and learned that a kind heart is more important than a striking appearance.
②It is shameful(shame)to break school rules，to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
写美——句式升级
③She was so ashamed that she could feel the blood rush to her face.
→So ashamed was she that she could feel the blood rush to her face.(倒装句)
7．intention n. 意图，目的；打算
(1)with an/the intention of　抱有……的目的；打算……
(2)intend vi.& vt. 打算；计划；想要
intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
had intended to do sth 本来打算做某事
(3)be intended to do sth/for sth 专门为……；专门给…
【佳句】Out of guilt and regret, I explained my original intention and apologized.
出于愧疚和遗憾，我解释了我的初衷并道歉。
【点津】　intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一件本来打算做而实际上没有做的事或者表示过去未曾实现的设想或愿望， 含有某种惋惜之意。
练透——单句语法填空
①The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.
②My parents had intended(intend)to buy a new truck but couldn't afford it.
③This program was set up with an intention(intend)of providing help to homeless people.
写美——应用文写作之邀请信
④我谨代表机器人爱好小组，邀请您加入我们的团队参加即将到来的比赛。
I, on behalf of the Robotics Hobby Group, intend to invite you to join our team in the coming competition.
8．desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的
(1)be desperate for sth　渴望某物
be desperate to do sth 渴望做某事
(2)desperation n. 拼命；不顾死活；绝望
(3)desperately adv. 绝望地；拼命地；非常地
【佳句】She was unable to restrain her desperate anger.
她无法抑制她那不顾一切的愤怒。
【点津】　此外desperate还有“adj.铤而走险的，不顾一切的；非常需要的”的含义。
[联想]　“渴望某物/做某事”的短语还有：
(1)be eager for sth/to do sth
(2)be anxious for sth/to do sth
(3)long for sth/to do sth
(4)desire for sth/to do sth
(5)be dying for sth/to do sth
练透——单句语法填空
①His survival story is a journey of desperation(desperate) and almost superhuman endurance!
②After ten years of hard study，he was desperate to pass(pass)the College Entrance Examination and enter an ideal university.
③Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer，I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.
写美——句式升级
④Seeing the result of the exam，I was so desperate that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.
→Seeing the result of the exam，so desperate was I that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.(倒装句)
9．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚
(1)complain (to sb) about/of sth
　　　　　　　　　 (向某人)抱怨某事
complain that ... 抱怨……
(2)complaint n. 抱怨，投诉
make a complaint about ... 抱怨…
【佳句】I'm going to complain to the manager about this.
我要就这件事向经理投诉。
练透——单句语法填空
①My colleagues, complaining about/of working on Sunday, turned to sympathy for the homeless family.
②The police received several complaints (complain) about the noise from our party.
写美——应用文写作之感谢信
③我还记得你从来没有抱怨过我的英语很差，你一直致力于提高我的英语口语和英语写作。
I still remember you never complain to me that my English is poor and you have been devoted to improving my oral English and English writing.
10．appointment n. 约定；约会
(1)appoint v.　　　　　约定；约会；任命；委派
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
(2)make an appointment with sb
与某人约会
keep/break an appointment
守约/违约
(3)appointed adj. 约定
【佳句】She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为儿子预约了看医生的时间。
练透——单句语法填空
①The disabled girl is attended throughout her schooldays by a nurse appointed to guard(guard)her.
②My patient didn't turn up at the appointed (appoint)time; that is，she broke an appointment (appoint).
写美——应用文写作之道歉信
③我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
I have to apologize to you for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time．
11．engagement n．参与
(1)engage vi.　　　参加；参与(活动)
vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣)；雇用；聘请；使订婚
engage in (使)从事；参与
engage to sb 与某人订婚
(2)engaged adj. 忙于；从事于；已订婚的
be engaged to 与……订婚
be engaged in 参加；忙
【佳句】I'm afraid I have a prior engagement.
对不起，我已经有约了。(应用文之道歉信)
【点津】　此外engagement还有“n.订婚，约定”的含义。
练透——单句语法填空/语境辨义
①Engaging in exploring splendid Chinese culture gives him a chance to act as a cultural messenger.
②Whether for a special occasion such as an engagement (engage) or a wedding or simply as a gift, diamond rings make the ideal choice.
③It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.吸引
写美——词汇、句式升级
④I am busy preparing for the Entrance College Examination, so I can't go with you.
→I am engaged in preparing for the Entrance College Examination, so I can't go with you.(engage)
→Engaged in preparing for the Entrance College Examination, I can't go with you.(非谓语动词作状语)
12．belong vt.属于
(1)belong to　　　　属于；归属；为……的一员
(2)belongings n. 所有物；财物
a sense of belonging
归属
【佳句】Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard working people.
每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于勤奋的人。(应用文之发言稿)
【点津】　(1)belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；
(2)belong to常用作动词 ing形式作后置定语。
练透——单句语法填空
①All the belongings(belong) being showed at the hall belong to the artist.
②First of all，uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group.
写美——一句多译
剪纸有1 500多年的历史，属于中国传统的艺术。
③Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years，which belongs to traditional art in China.(定语从句)
④Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years，belonging to traditional art in China.(分词作状语)
13.approval n. 赞许；同意
(1)approve vi.　　　赞成；同意
vt. 批准；通过
approve sth 批准某事
approve of (sb/one's) doing sth
赞同/同意(某人)做某事
(2)get one's approval 得到某人的同意
give one's approval to...
同意/批准……
(3)approving adj. 赞同
【佳句】All in all，I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval.
总之，如果我的申请能得到您的批准，我将不胜感激。(应用文之申请信)
练透——单句语法填空
①Do you approve of the idea that success can be measured in terms of money alone
②I approve of your trying (try) to make some money，but please don't neglect your studies.
写美——一句多译
如果您批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。
③We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal．(approve)
④We would be grateful if you could give approval to our proposal．(approval)
14．defend vi.&vt. 保护，保卫
(1)defend...from/against　保护……以免受
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
(2)defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence of 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩
【佳句】The trees around the schoolyard looked like huge men with silver clothes defending our school.
校园周围的树就像穿着银装的巨人保卫着我们的校园。(读后续写之环境描写)
练透——单句语法填空
①In order to defend our country from outside attack, we must strengthen our national defence (defend).
②She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in defence.
写美——一句多译
看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。
③Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(defend)
④Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow.(defence)
15．associate with 与某人交往
(1)associate vt.　　　　联想；联系
associate...with... 使……与……联系
起来
associate with sb 与某人交往/联系
be associated with... 与……有关联
(2)association n. 联系；联盟；协会
in association with... 与……联合/有关
【佳句】As long as you associate with positive thinking people，it is certain that you are going to achieve success.
只要你和思想积极的人交往，你一定会获得成功。(应用文写作之安慰信)
练透——单句语法填空
①The study shows that there is a close association (associate) between smog and lung cancer.
②Prior to participating in the activity，I used to associate happiness with money.
写美——一句多译
人们公认，语言和文化是相互联系在一起的。
③It is acknowledged that language and culture are associated with each other．(associate)
④It is acknowledged that language and culture are in association with each other．(association)
16.take up 占据
take over　　　占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞
take down 写下；记下；拆除
take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从
【佳句】I'm sorry I've already taken up so much of your valuable time.
对不起，我占用了你这么多宝贵的时间。
练透——单句语法填空
①After taking over the firm from his father，Tom took in some scientific ideas and took on some experienced and hard working workers.
②In 1944，he met Edith Piaf，and his career took off．
写美——应用文写作之科技利弊
③相反，智能手机不仅占用了我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康也有很大的危害。
On the contrary，smart phones not only take up our valuable time，but also do great harm to our health.
1．host
[对点微练]——选出host的含义
A．vt. 主持 B．n.主持人
C．vt.主办 D．n.主人
①We thanked our hosts for a very enjoyable evening. D
②Last week, my classmate and I hosted an English Drama Festival. A
③All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport. C
④I am always one of the hosts at parties in my company. B
2．fuel n. 燃料
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①Wood, coal, oil, petrol, and gas are all different kinds of fuel.n. 燃料
②(熟词生义)(2021·天津3月卷)Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas.vt. 加强
③(熟词生义)The helicopter was already fuelled and ready to go.vt. 给……提供燃料
3．handle vt. 处理(难题)；应付(局面)
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①(熟词生义)She turned the handle and slowly opened the door.n.柄，把手
②I thought he handled the situation very well. vt. 处理(难题)；应付(局面)
③(熟词生义)I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car. vt. 操纵，控制
4．raise vt. 提出，提起
[对点微练]—— 赏句猜义
①(熟词生义)The workers in this factory strongly demanded to raise their salary. vt. 提高
②(熟词生义)(2020·浙江7月卷)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.vt. 饲养
③(熟词生义)At the front of the supermarket, a charity has set up a stand, selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.vt. 筹集
④The book raises many important questions. vt. 提出
5．highlight vt. 标出；突出显示
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green. vt. 标出
②(熟词生义)Highlights of the match will be shown after the news. n. 最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分
◎主题语境培优——词汇库
1.allowance n.　　　 2.distribution n． 3.welfare n. 4. selflessness n. 5. fundraising n. 6. do a good deed 7. hold charity sales 8. cause of the public good 9.give back 10. undertake/bear/take on responsibility 11.work tirelessly 12.in a spontaneous way [自主核对区] 1.补贴；补助 2.分配；分发 3.幸福；福利 4.无私 5.筹款 6.做好事 7.举行慈善义卖 8.公益事业 9.回报 10.承担责任 11.孜孜不倦地工作 12.自发地
Part 2　写作句式迁移
1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[课本原句]I found it all so boring and difficult.
我觉得这一切既无聊又困难。
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语
[写作迁移]——微写作
①在森林里逛了逛后，我们发现自己在一条陌生的小路上迷路了。
After wandering in the forest，we found ourselves lost in a strange path．
②到达美国后，我发现自己生活在一种完全陌生的文化中。
After I arrived in America，I found myself living in a completely foreign culture．
③当我在农田里干活的时候，我发现在烈日下干农活是很艰辛的。
While working in the farmyard，I found it very hard to work in the fields under a hot sun.
2．if only引导的虚拟条件句
[课本原句]Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion!
有时我想，要是我能打电话给他，征求他的意见就好了！
if only...could/would do“要是……就好了”，使用了虚拟语气。
(1)if only...用于虚拟语气时应注意：
①若表示与将来事实相反，句中谓语用would/could＋do；
②若表示与现在事实相反，句中谓语则用动词的过去式(be用were)
③若表示与过去事实相反，句中谓语则用had done。
(2)only if“只有，只要……就”，only仅起强调作用。only if引导的状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装
[写作迁移]——微写作
①我要是早知道在大学里努力学习的重要性就好了！
If only I had known the significance of working hard at college!
②学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom.
③我要是有机会成为一名教育家就好了！
If only I had the chance to become an educationalist！
　单句语法填空
1．It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child from harm and danger.
2．Though lacking(lack)money，his parents managed to send him to a university.
3．I was appointed to take(take)charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
4．The woman tried desperately(desperate)to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her.
5．The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity. Many consumers complain about/of this.
6．Generally speaking, we will associate a person's character with his growing surroundings.
7．I sincerely hope my application can meet with your approval(approve).
8．It was a challenging and demanding(demand)job，but anyhow we managed to handle it with joint efforts.
9．As we all know，it is worthwhile to preserve(preserve) cultural relics and historic sites.
10．Once you have made an appointment(appoint)，you should keep it rather than break it.
　完成句子
1．他很心烦，他的建议在会上没有被采纳。
It upset him that his proposal was not adopted at the conference.
2．上周，我在英语演讲比赛中没有获得一等奖，这让我很沮丧。
Last week，I didn't get the first prize in the English speech contest，which made me very depressed．
3．随着技术的发展，我们可以迅速获取信息。
As technology develops，we can have access to the information swiftly．
4．我是如此羞愧，以至于我感觉心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。
So ashamed was I that I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart，tears clouding my eyes.
5．这个项目旨在激励学生参与到改变社会中去。
The program aims to inspire students to engage themselves in making a difference in society.
6．我代表学校向您表示衷心的感谢和良好的祝愿。
On behalf of my school，I express my heartfelt gratitude and my best wishes to you.
7．毕竟，我爸爸说的话让我意识到我的收入属于这个家庭。
After all, what my dad said made me realize that my earnings belonged to the family．
8．这是一个家庭成员聚在一起，好好休息的时刻。
It is an occasion when family members gather together and have a good rest.
　话题微写作
根据汉语提示使用本单元的单词、短语和句式完成下面短文。
请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题写一篇短文，内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
1．The first day I attended his class(我第一天上他的课), I 2. found him humorous and passionate(发现他幽默、有激情) in class. He often 3.raised some innovative topics (提出一些新颖的话题)to make sure that every student could get involved. As soon as he found someone 4.had the slightest intention of being distracted(有丝毫分心的倾向), he would ask him a question to remind him to concentrate.5. Barely did he punish students(他很少惩罚学生)，but we made great progress with his help. 6.If only I could meet another teacher like him in the future！(要是将来我能遇到另一个像他这样的老师就好了！)Unit 1 Relationships (选择性必修一) 原卷版
一、重点单词分类——夯基础
(一)核心单词
[第一组]
1．_________ adj. 　　　　 外向的，好交际的
2．_________ vt. 主办；做……的东道主
n. 主人；主持人
3．_________ adj. 感激的，感谢的
4．_________ adj. 实际的；实践的；切实可行的
5．_________ vt. 灌，注，倒
6．_________ _ n. 燃料
7．_________ vt. 缺乏
8．_________ vt. 拖，拉
9．_________ adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的
10．_________ vt. 处理(难题)；应付(局面)
11．_________ adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的
vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱
12．_________ vt. 提出，提起
13．_________ n. 方式，方法
14．_________ adj. 敏感的；善解人意的
15．_________ adv. 几乎不
[第二组]
16．_________ n. 截止日期，最后期限
17．_________ vi.&vt. 努力赢得
n. 追逐，追赶
18．_________ adj. 令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的
19．_________ adj. 紧张的，激烈的；剧烈的
20．_________ vi.&vt. 推迟，延期
21．_________ vi.&vt. 弯腰；俯身
22．_________ n. 代表……
23．_________ n. 话题，题目
24．_________ vt. 属于
25．_________ n. 差异，差别
vt. 形成对比
(二)拓展单词
[第一组]
1．_________ n. 幽默感→_________ adj. 幽默的
2．_________ adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的→_________ n. 激情，热情
3．_________ adj. 极好的；难以置信的→_________ adv. 难以置信地；非常地
4．_________ adj. 偶尔的；偶然的→_________ n. 机会，场合→_________ adv. 有时，偶尔
5．________ adj. 情绪上；情感上→_________ n. 情感；情绪→_________ adv.感情上；情绪上
6．_________ adv. 极度，极其→_________ adj.极端的，极度的
7．_________ n. 报告；陈述，说明→_________ vt.展示；颁发，呈递n.礼物 adj.当前的；出现
8．_________ n. 行为，举止→_________ vi.&vt. 表现；使守规矩
9．_________ n．进入；接触的机会→_________ adj.易接近的；随和的，平易近人的
10．_________ n. 偏爱，偏好→_________ v．更喜欢；较喜欢
11．_________ adj. 羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→_________ n. 羞耻，羞愧→_________ adj. 可耻的；不道德的→_________ adj. 无耻的；不知羞耻的
12．_________ n. 意图，目的；打算→_________ vi.&vt.打算；计划；想要
13．_________ adj. 要求严格的；费力的→_________ n. 要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要
14．_________ adj.有效的→_________ n．影响，结果→_________ adv.有效地
15．_________ adv. 持续不断地→_________ adj. 持续不断的，经常发生的
[第二组]
16_________ vt.与某人交往→_________ n．联系；联盟；协会
17. _________ adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的→_________ vt.使分心→_________ n. 分心
18．_________ n．现实；真实→_________ adj. 真正的→_________ adv. 真正地
19．_________ vt. 使迷恋→_________ n. 痴迷；使人痴迷的人(或物)→_________ adj.痴迷的，迷恋的；过度的(含贬义)→_________ adj. 着迷的
20．_________ vi.&vt. 主宰，控制→_________ adj.占主导地位的→_________ n．控制；支配
21．_________ n．刺激→_________ vt.刺激，促使，促进
22．_________ adj.拼命的；绝望的→_________ n．拼命；不顾死活；绝望→_________ adv.拼命地；绝望地
23．_________ adj.沮丧的，忧愁的→_________ vt.使沮丧，使消沉→_________ n. 沮丧，忧愁
24．_________ adj. 无礼的→_________ n. 无礼，粗鲁→_________ adv.无礼地
25．_________ vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚→_________ n．抱怨；不满
26．_________ n．约定；约会→_________ v．约定；约会；任命；委任
27．_________ n. 邀请→_________ vt. 邀请
28．_________ vt.组织，筹划→_________ adj. 有组织的；有系统的→_________ n．组织
29．_________ n．革新，创新→_________ adj.新颖的，创新的→_________ v. 创新
30．_________ n．选手，参赛者→_________ vi. 竞争→_________ n．竞争；比赛→_________ adj.竞争的；有竞争性的
31．_________ n．熟练，流畅→_________ adj.流利的；流畅的→_________ adv.流利地；流畅地
32．_________ n. 参与→_________ vi.&vt. 使参与,使参加→_________ adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的
33．_________ adv. 真诚地，由衷地→_________ adj. 真诚的；诚挚的
34．_________ n．赞许；同意→_________ vi.赞成，同意→_________ n．不赞成；反对
35．_________ vi.&vt. 保护，防卫→_________ n．防卫；辩解→_________ adj.戒备的，自卫的
36．_________ n．动力，积极性→_________ vt.激发，激励→_________ adj.积极的，主动的→_________ adj.不积极的，不主动的
(三)阅读单词
[第一组]
1．trait n.　　　　　　　 _________
2．niece n. _________
3．nephew n. _________
4．secondary adj. _________
5．flu n. _________
6．angle n. _________
7．triangle n. _________
8．hydrogen n. _________
9．rocket n. _________
10．acid n. _________
11．onion n. _________
12．educationalist n. _________
13．feedback n. _________
14．highlight vt. _________
15．tense n. _________
[第二组]
16．socialise vi. _________
17．laptop n. _________
18．app n. _________
19．dorm n. _________
20．flow n. __________
vi. _________
21．reserved adj. _________
22．wired adj. _________
23．million n. _________
24．mate n. _________
25．scroll vi. _________
26．inch n. _________
27．chatter vi. _________
28．alcoholic n. __________
adj. _________
29．booze n. _________
30．hard wired adj. _________
31．clarify n. _________
32．progression n. _________
33．principle n. _________
34．politics n. _________
二、必备短语分组——抓落实
(一)汉译英
1．_________ 初次，第一次
2．_________ 投入(倒)……于某物
3．_________ 一双，一对
4．_________ 过去经常，曾经
5．_________ 代表某人
6．_________ 占据
7．_________ 和……对比
8．_________ 引爆；出发
9．_________ 建立；启动
10．_________ 事实上
(二)英译汉
11．associate with _________
12．obsess over _________
13．chatter away _________
14．add up to _________
15．lack confidence in __________
16．if only _________
17．have access to _________
18．check through _________
19．chase after _________
20．bend over _________
三、经典句式默背——积佳句
(一)句型公式
1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
I ____________________________________．
我觉得这一切既无聊又困难。
2．if only引导虚拟条件句
Sometimes I think, ____________________________________ and ask for his opinion!
有时我想，要是我能打电话给他，征求他的意见就好了！
3．the first day引导时间状语从句
____________________________________,_he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored...
他第一天走进我的班级时，他的书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子……
4．否定词置于句首的倒装
... ___________________________ she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.
……她一次也没有抬起头去欣赏窗外的景色。
(二)单元美句
Education is not preparation for life；education is life itself.
教育不是为生活准备的；教育就是生活本身。
四、单元知识横拓——积得多
1．以“ tion”结尾的名词
①innovation n.　　　　 革新，创新
②association n. 联想
③connection n. 联系
④protection n. 保护
⑤construction n. 建造
2．“改进，提高”集萃
①enhance vt. 改进，提高
②promote vt. 促进
③improve vt. 改进，提高
④foster vt. 促进
⑤boost vt. 使增长，推动
⑥facilitate vt. 促进，推动
3．“动词＋to”短语荟萃
①refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅
②object to 反对
③turn to 求助于
④point to 指向
⑤belong to 属于
五、读后续写微技能——激动与兴奋
On the journey to the lake, a wide excitement took hold of Mom. Mom insisted that we go camping in the next village, her eyes twinkling with excitement. When we arrived at the camping place, Mom couldn't wait to storm out and excitedly urged us to put up the tent. Then, Mom walked towards the lake, and then came a scream of excitement. Enjoying the beautiful view, Mom could hardly contain her excitement. Certainly, as it was the first time that we had helped father cook food outdoors, my brother and I also felt thrilled. Breathing the fresh air and smelling the delicious food, we jumped up and down with excitement.
一、单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1．(2022·全国甲卷)Many people say that we _________ (缺乏) culture in this country.
2．(2021·天津3月卷) In addition to _________ (实际的)skills，Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork，encourage self worth，and promote feelings of community.
3．He just wanted to solve the problem in a practical _________ (方式).
4．I was more upset than worried when I heard the news that her flight was _________ (推迟)because of the bad weather.
5．Without thinking I got out of my car, held my hand up and _________ (弯腰) down to look at the butterfly.
6．I would be _________ (感激的) if you could offer me an opportunity to attend your university.
7．Joel's eyes widened when he realized the glove _________ (属于) to Mr. Shore.
8．From the teacher's confused look，we could see that he hadn't expected that we could _________ (提出) such a confusing question to him.
9．If you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the _________．
10. It was the whole situation that made her very depressed and _________．
二、单句语法填空
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)However，this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia，it only shows an _________ (associate).
2．Life is a tough journey，to some extent，where you still smile even though you are _________ (occasional) hurt.
3．As we all know, _________ (emotion) problems can arise from a physical cause.
4．Now that you have a _________ (prefer) for Chinese traditional culture，you had better not miss the chance.
5．I didn't have the _________ (intend) to ignore your tips，but I still should apologise to you for my unintentional neglect.
6．The firm has achieved a _________ (dominate) position in the world market.
7．This feeling of _________ (desperate) and helplessness was common to most of the refugees.
8．The director appointed him to look into those _________ (complain) and then they could find solutions.
9．①I learned from my friends that my dad defeated all _________ (compete) and won everyone's admiration.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)With a workout partner，you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle _________ (competitive).
10．①The government has taken _________ (effect) measures to create more employment opportunities.
②The way you learn most _________ (effective) will impact many different aspects of your life.
三、选词填空
用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
for the first time, a couple of, on behalf of, in contrast to, set off, associate with, pour into
1．He became interested in the young teacher's lesson when he attended his class __________________．
2．I was about to _________ for a meeting when someone called and told me that the meeting had been cancelled.
3．The government has _________ millions _________the education system.
4．He dived into his pocket and took out _________ coins.
5．In order to teach better，the young teacher _________ the educationalist occasionally.
6．_________ our class, I'm writing to invite you to attend our graduation ceremony.
7．_________ online chatting，I prefer face to face communication.
四、经典句式仿写
1．如果你坚持练习，你就会发现剪纸很简单。 (find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
You will _________ if you keep practising it.
2．要是我生活在他的时代，听从他的教导就好了！(if only引导的虚拟条件句)
_________ and listened to his guidance!
3．他第一天穿上它们就赶上了一场大雨。(the first day引导时间状语从句)
__________________, he was caught in a very heavy shower of rain.
4．我一次也没有机会参加那个著名教育学家的报告。(否定词置于句首的倒装)
___________________________attending the presentation of the famous educationalist.
Part 1　重点词汇过关
1．passionate adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的
(1)be passionate about
　　　　　　对某事有热情
(2)passion n. 强烈的感情，激情；盛怒，激愤
passion for 酷爱；热衷的爱好(或活动等)
with passion 热情洋溢地，充满激情地
(3) passionately adv.
充满热情地；激动
【佳句】I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing.
我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。
练透——单句语法填空
Although he is not really suited to the career，he is quite passionate _________ becoming a lawyer.
②Whatever you make up your mind to do，do it _________ passion and determination.
写美——应用文写作之投稿信
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)它不仅为我提供了一个开阔视野的平台，而且它丰富的内容也能点燃我对英语强烈的热情。
Not only does it supply me with a platform to broaden my horizons, but its rich content can also____________________________________．
2．lack vt.缺乏
(1)lack sth　　　　　　　缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)
(2)(a) lack of ... 缺乏……
for/through lack of... 因缺乏…
【佳句】As a writer he seemed to lack creative spark.
作为作家，他似乎缺少创作激情。
在线学习也带来了挑战，其中最大的挑战是缺乏自律导致的效率低下。
【点津】　lack既可以作动词也可以作名词。作及物动词时，后面直接跟宾语；作不及物动词时常用介词for；作名词时，后面常用介词of。此外，lack还有“vt.没有n.缺乏，短缺的东西”的含义。
练透——单句语法填空
①Tired and _________ (lack) energy, students skipping breakfast can have poor academic performance and poor health.
②The plan _________ (lack) support from the government. As a consequence，it broke down soon.
写美——一句多译
由于缺乏足够的训练，我们在即将到来的比赛中将很难取胜。
③__________________ ，we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(介词短语)
④___________________________，we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(分词作状语)
⑤___________________________，we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(原因状语从句)
3．access n．进入；接触的机会
(1)gain/obtain/get/have access to
有权进入/使用……，拥有……的机会
have no access to
没有……的机会；无法接近
(2)accessible adj.
易到达的，易接近的；随和的，平易近人的
be accessible to
对……而言容易接近的；可靠近的；容易进入的
【佳句】The activity will not only help students get access to more knowledge but also cultivate their abilities of Chinese poetry appreciation.
这次活动不仅可以帮助学生获得更多的知识，还可以培养他们欣赏中国诗歌的能力。(应用文之诗歌)
【点津】　access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。此外，access还有“n.权利；入口，通路vt. 接近，使用；访问，存取(电脑文档)”的含义。
练透——单句语法填空
①As is well known to us all，medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
②I strongly recommend that every high school student have access to such an excellent publication.
写美——读后续写之动作描写
③“过来，儿子。”爸爸带着一种平易近人的表情喊道。
“Come here, son.” Dad exclaimed, ___________________________ ．
4．preference n. 偏爱，偏好
(1)have/show a preference for...
　　　　　　　 对……偏爱
(2)prefer vt. 较喜欢（preferred； preferred）
prefer to do/doing sth
喜欢做某事
prefer sth to sth 喜欢某物而不喜欢某物
【佳句】Several reasons may account for my preference for western painting.
有几个原因可以解释我对西方绘画的偏爱。
【点津】　prefer不用于进行时；不可与比较级连用。
练透写美——单句语法填空
①Instead of buying them，I prefer __________________ (learn) about the culture and history behind the Hanfu.
②The teenage volunteer preferred _________ (clean) up the greenhouse of his school to playing meaningless video games.
写美——一句多译
我宁愿过简单的生活也不愿浪费有限的资源。
③I __________________ waste the limited resources.(rather than)
④I __________________ wasting the limited resources.(prefer)
5．upset adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的 vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱
(1)be upset about/over/at sth
　　　　　　　　为某事心烦
be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安
(2)What upsets sb is... 让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb to do sth/that...
做某事让人心烦/让某人心烦的是…
【佳句】I couldn't concentrate in class, and kept sneaking glances at Lisa. She glanced back, looking equally upset.
上课时我无法集中注意力，总是偷偷地看丽莎。她回头看了一眼，显得同样不安。(读后续写之心理描写＋动作描写)
【点津】　upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词形式都是upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。
练透——单句语法填空
①Then all of a sudden, there was an __________________ (upset) knock on her front door.
②She was upset _________ (know)that her application for the position was refused.
写美——一句多译
凯莉不理睬我，我心烦透顶，孤独如同潮水般涌来。
③Kelley just ignored me，__________________．Loneliness began to flood in.(非限制性定语从句)
④__________________________ Kelley just ignored me.Loneliness began to flood in.(what引导的主语从句)
6．ashamed adj. 羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的
(1)be ashamed to do...　耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……
feel/be ashamed of(doing) sth
为(做)某事感到羞愧
(2)shame n. 惭愧；羞耻；羞愧
It's a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾
(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的
shameless adj. 无耻的；不知羞耻
【佳句】Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.
汤姆扑进母亲的怀里，羞愧和尴尬的泪水夺眶而出。(读后续写之羞愧)
练透——单句语法填空
①Pinksha felt very ashamed _________ herself and learned that a kind heart is more important than a striking appearance.
②It is _________ (shame)to break school rules，to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
写美——句式升级
③She was so ashamed that she could feel the blood rush to her face.
→___________________________ she could feel the blood rush to her face.(倒装句)
7．intention n. 意图，目的；打算
(1)with an/the intention of　抱有……的目的；打算……
(2)intend vi.& vt. 打算；计划；想要
intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
had intended to do sth 本来打算做某事
(3)be intended to do sth/for sth 专门为……；专门给…
【佳句】Out of guilt and regret, I explained my original intention and apologized.
出于愧疚和遗憾，我解释了我的初衷并道歉。
【点津】　intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一件本来打算做而实际上没有做的事或者表示过去未曾实现的设想或愿望， 含有某种惋惜之意。
练透——单句语法填空
①The university is known for its language and culture courses intended _________ international students.
②My parents __________________ (intend)to buy a new truck but couldn't afford it.
③This program was set up with an _________ (intend)of providing help to homeless people.
写美——应用文写作之邀请信
④我谨代表机器人爱好小组，邀请您加入我们的团队参加即将到来的比赛。
I, on behalf of the Robotics Hobby Group, ___________________________ in the coming competition.
8．desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的
(1)be desperate for sth　渴望某物
be desperate to do sth 渴望做某事
(2)desperation n. 拼命；不顾死活；绝望
(3)desperately adv. 绝望地；拼命地；非常地
【佳句】She was unable to restrain her desperate anger.
她无法抑制她那不顾一切的愤怒。
【点津】　此外desperate还有“adj.铤而走险的，不顾一切的；非常需要的”的含义。
[联想]　“渴望某物/做某事”的短语还有：
(1)be eager for sth/to do sth
(2)be anxious for sth/to do sth
(3)long for sth/to do sth
(4)desire for sth/to do sth
(5)be dying for sth/to do sth
练透——单句语法填空
①His survival story is a journey of _________ (desperate) and almost superhuman endurance!
②After ten years of hard study，he was desperate _________ (pass)the College Entrance Examination and enter an ideal university.
③Desperate _________ the chance to be a volunteer，I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.
写美——句式升级
④Seeing the result of the exam，I was so desperate that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.
→Seeing the result of the exam，__________________ I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.(倒装句)
9．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚
(1)complain (to sb) about/of sth
　　　　　　　　　 (向某人)抱怨某事
complain that ... 抱怨……
(2)complaint n. 抱怨，投诉
make a complaint about ... 抱怨…
【佳句】I'm going to complain to the manager about this.
我要就这件事向经理投诉。
练透——单句语法填空
①My colleagues, complaining _________ working on Sunday, turned to sympathy for the homeless family.
②The police received several _________ (complain) about the noise from our party.
写美——应用文写作之感谢信
③我还记得你从来没有抱怨过我的英语很差，你一直致力于提高我的英语口语和英语写作。
______________________________________________________ and you have been devoted to improving my oral English and English writing.
10．appointment n. 约定；约会
(1)appoint v.　　　　　约定；约会；任命；委派
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
(2)make an appointment with sb
与某人约会
keep/break an appointment
守约/违约
(3)appointed adj. 约定
【佳句】She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为儿子预约了看医生的时间。
练透——单句语法填空
①The disabled girl is attended throughout her schooldays by a nurse appointed _________ (guard)her.
②My patient didn't turn up at the _________ (appoint)time; that is，she broke an _________ (appoint).
写美——应用文写作之道歉信
③我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
I have to apologize to you for not ______________________________________________________．
11．engagement n．参与
(1)engage vi.　　　参加；参与(活动)
vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣)；雇用；聘请；使订婚
engage in (使)从事；参与
engage to sb 与某人订婚
(2)engaged adj. 忙于；从事于；已订婚的
be engaged to 与……订婚
be engaged in 参加；忙
【佳句】I'm afraid I have a prior engagement.
对不起，我已经有约了。(应用文之道歉信)
【点津】　此外engagement还有“n.订婚，约定”的含义。
练透——单句语法填空/语境辨义
①Engaging _________ exploring splendid Chinese culture gives him a chance to act as a cultural messenger.
②Whether for a special occasion such as an _________ (engage) or a wedding or simply as a gift, diamond rings make the ideal choice.
③It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye. _________
写美——词汇、句式升级
④I am busy preparing for the Entrance College Examination, so I can't go with you.
→I __________________ preparing for the Entrance College Examination, so I can't go with you.(engage)
→__________________ preparing for the Entrance College Examination, I can't go with you.(非谓语动词作状语)
12．belong vt.属于
(1)belong to　　　　属于；归属；为……的一员
(2)belongings n. 所有物；财物
a sense of belonging
归属
【佳句】Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard working people.
每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于勤奋的人。(应用文之发言稿)
【点津】　(1)belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；
(2)belong to常用作动词 ing形式作后置定语。
练透——单句语法填空
①All the _________ (belong) being showed at the hall belong to the artist.
②First of all，uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group.
写美——一句多译
剪纸有1 500多年的历史，属于中国传统的艺术。
③Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years，___________________________in China.(定语从句)
④Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years，___________________________in China.(分词作状语)
13.approval n. 赞许；同意
(1)approve vi.　　　赞成；同意
vt. 批准；通过
approve sth 批准某事
approve of (sb/one's) doing sth
赞同/同意(某人)做某事
(2)get one's approval 得到某人的同意
give one's approval to...
同意/批准……
(3)approving adj. 赞同
【佳句】All in all，I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval.
总之，如果我的申请能得到您的批准，我将不胜感激。(应用文之申请信)
练透——单句语法填空
①Do you approve _________ the idea that success can be measured in terms of money alone
②I approve of your _________ (try) to make some money，but please don't neglect your studies.
写美——一句多译
如果您批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。
③We would be grateful____________________________________．(approve)
④We would be grateful ____________________________________．(approval)
14．defend vi.&vt. 保护，保卫
(1)defend...from/against　保护……以免受
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
(2)defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence of 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩
【佳句】The trees around the schoolyard looked like huge men with silver clothes defending our school.
校园周围的树就像穿着银装的巨人保卫着我们的校园。(读后续写之环境描写)
练透——单句语法填空
①In order to defend our country _________ outside attack, we must strengthen our national _________ (defend).
②She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if_________ defence.
写美——一句多译
看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。
③Seeing the fierce snake，he __________________ like an arrow.(defend)
④Seeing the fierce snake，he __________________ like an arrow.(defence)
15．associate with 与某人交往
(1)associate vt.　　　　联想；联系
associate...with... 使……与……联系
起来
associate with sb 与某人交往/联系
be associated with... 与……有关联
(2)association n. 联系；联盟；协会
in association with... 与……联合/有关
【佳句】As long as you associate with positive thinking people，it is certain that you are going to achieve success.
只要你和思想积极的人交往，你一定会获得成功。(应用文写作之安慰信)
练透——单句语法填空
The study shows that there is a close _________ (associate) between smog and lung cancer.
②Prior to participating in the activity，I used to associate happiness _________ money.
写美——一句多译
人们公认，语言和文化是相互联系在一起的。
③It is acknowledged that language and culture __________________．(associate)
④It is acknowledged that language and culture __________________．(association)
16.take up 占据
take over　　　占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞
take down 写下；记下；拆除
take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从
【佳句】I'm sorry I've already taken up so much of your valuable time.
对不起，我占用了你这么多宝贵的时间。
练透——单句语法填空
①After taking _________ the firm from his father，Tom took _________ some scientific ideas and took on some experienced and hard working workers.
②In 1944，he met Edith Piaf，and his career took _________．
写美——应用文写作之科技利弊
③相反，智能手机不仅占用了我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康也有很大的危害。
On the contrary，smart phones not only__________________，but also do great harm to our health.
1．host
[对点微练]——选出host的含义
A．vt. 主持 B．n.主持人
C．vt.主办 D．n.主人
①We thanked our hosts for a very enjoyable evening.
②Last week, my classmate and I hosted an English Drama Festival.
③All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
④I am always one of the hosts at parties in my company.
2．fuel n. 燃料
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
Wood, coal, oil, petrol, and gas are all different kinds of fuel.
②(熟词生义)(2021·天津3月卷)Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas.
③(熟词生义)The helicopter was already fuelled and ready to go.
3．handle vt. 处理(难题)；应付(局面)
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①(熟词生义)She turned the handle and slowly opened the door.
②I thought he handled the situation very well.
③(熟词生义)I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.
4．raise vt. 提出，提起
[对点微练]—— 赏句猜义
①(熟词生义)The workers in this factory strongly demanded to raise their salary.
②(熟词生义)(2020·浙江7月卷)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
③(熟词生义)At the front of the supermarket, a charity has set up a stand, selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.
④The book raises many important questions.
5．highlight vt. 标出；突出显示
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green.
②(熟词生义)Highlights of the match will be shown after the news.
◎主题语境培优——词汇库
1.allowance n.　　　 2.distribution n． 3.welfare n. 4. selflessness n. 5. fundraising n. 6. do a good deed 7. hold charity sales 8. cause of the public good 9.give back 10. undertake/bear/take on responsibility 11.work tirelessly 12.in a spontaneous way [自主核对区] 1.补贴；补助 2.分配；分发 3.幸福；福利 4.无私 5.筹款 6.做好事 7.举行慈善义卖 8.公益事业 9.回报 10.承担责任 11.孜孜不倦地工作 12.自发地
Part 2　写作句式迁移
1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[课本原句]I found it all so boring and difficult.
我觉得这一切既无聊又困难。
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语
[写作迁移]——微写作
①在森林里逛了逛后，我们发现自己在一条陌生的小路上迷路了。
After wandering in the forest，we __________________．
②到达美国后，我发现自己生活在一种完全陌生的文化中。
After I arrived in America，I ____________________________________．
当我在农田里干活的时候，我发现在烈日下干农活是很艰辛的。
While working in the farmyard，I ___________________________ in the fields under a hot sun.
2．if only引导的虚拟条件句
[课本原句]Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion!
有时我想，要是我能打电话给他，征求他的意见就好了！
if only...could/would do“要是……就好了”，使用了虚拟语气。
(1)if only...用于虚拟语气时应注意：
①若表示与将来事实相反，句中谓语用would/could＋do；
②若表示与现在事实相反，句中谓语则用动词的过去式(be用were)
③若表示与过去事实相反，句中谓语则用had done。
(2)only if“只有，只要……就”，only仅起强调作用。only if引导的状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装
[写作迁移]——微写作
①我要是早知道在大学里努力学习的重要性就好了！
__________________ the significance of working hard at college!
②学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。
____________________________________ to leave the classroom.
我要是有机会成为一名教育家就好了！
_____________________________________________ an educationalist！
　单句语法填空
1．It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child _________ harm and danger.
2．Though _________ (lack)money，his parents managed to send him to a university.
3．I was appointed _________ (take)charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
4．The woman tried _________ (desperate)to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her.
5．The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity. Many consumers complain _________ this.
6．Generally speaking, we will associate a person's character _________ his growing surroundings.
7．I sincerely hope my application can meet with your _________ (approve).
8．It was a challenging and _________ (demand)job，but anyhow we managed to handle it with joint efforts.
9．As we all know，it is worthwhile _________ (preserve) cultural relics and historic sites.
10．Once you have made an _________ (appoint)，you should keep it rather than break it.
　完成句子
1．他很心烦，他的建议在会上没有被采纳。
__________________ his proposal was not adopted at the conference.
2．上周，我在英语演讲比赛中没有获得一等奖，这让我很沮丧。
Last week，I didn't get the first prize in the English speech contest，__________________．
3．随着技术的发展，我们可以迅速获取信息。
As technology develops，we ____________________________________．
4．我是如此羞愧，以至于我感觉心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。
___________________________I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart，tears clouding my eyes.
5．这个项目旨在激励学生参与到改变社会中去。
The program aims to inspire students ____________________________________ in society.
6．我代表学校向您表示衷心的感谢和良好的祝愿。
__________________，I express my heartfelt gratitude and my best wishes to you.
7．毕竟，我爸爸说的话让我意识到我的收入属于这个家庭。
After all, what my dad said made me realize that my earnings ___________________________．
8．这是一个家庭成员聚在一起，好好休息的时刻。
___________________________ family members gather together and have a good rest.
　话题微写作
根据汉语提示使用本单元的单词、短语和句式完成下面短文。
请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题写一篇短文，内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
1．___________________________ (我第一天上他的课), I 2. __________________ (发现他幽默、有激情) in class. He often 3. ___________________________ (提出一些新颖的话题)to make sure that every student could get involved. As soon as he found someone 4. __________________ (有丝毫分心的倾向), he would ask him a question to remind him to concentrate.5. __________________ (他很少惩罚学生)，but we made great progress with his help. 6. ____________________________________ (要是将来我能遇到另一个像他这样的老师就好了！)

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